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3 Client-Side Computing Lecture 3

Client-side computing refers to technologies that manage the presentation and interactivity of content delivered to web browsers. Common examples of client-side technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and web browsers themselves. The lecture discusses these technologies in depth, beginning with an introduction to HTML. HTML uses tags to define the structure of web page content and can include embedded scripting code to add logical processing capabilities.

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82 views3 pages

3 Client-Side Computing Lecture 3

Client-side computing refers to technologies that manage the presentation and interactivity of content delivered to web browsers. Common examples of client-side technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and web browsers themselves. The lecture discusses these technologies in depth, beginning with an introduction to HTML. HTML uses tags to define the structure of web page content and can include embedded scripting code to add logical processing capabilities.

Uploaded by

ag4a
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Guyana • Faculty of Natural Sciences • University of Guyana • Faculty of Natural Sciences •

Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

CSI225 Internet Computing (lecture 3) Client-Side Computing


Whereas server-side computing is in operation “behind the
Introduction to Client-Side Computing scenes”, so to speak, client-side computing takes care of all
things that the typical end-user can see, and usually interacts
Overview with. Therefore, similarly, client-side computing can be
Having learnt of the Internet and the way the Web works with described as using computing resources or web technologies to
regards to servers and clients, this lecture and those that follow facilitate the presentation and interactivity of web interfaces
will establish the computing model of the web with an emphasis (which are delivered to web browsers by the server-side
on the client. component of the web).

Web Computing Satisfying the description of a client-side web technology, we


Computing resources (with regards to the Web) can be thought can think of a few common examples such as:
of as files (such as documents), software or even languages that, 1. HTML –
in some way, facilitate the functions and interactive nature of the Hypertext Markup Language. Provides a means to
Web. describe the structure of information within a web
In the current model of the Web, computing resources can be document.
classified as either server-side related or client-side related. 2. CSS –
While server-side computing is beyond the scope of this course, Cascading StyleSheet. A stylesheet language that
it may be briefly described as using computing resources or web is used to describe the presentation of a document
technologies to facilitate the management and serving of written in a markup language.
dynamic content to clients. Such web technologies can be 3. JavaScript –
thought of as web servers, distributed databases, server-side Formerly ECMAScript and distantly related to
scripting languages and related engines. Java (despite the name). A scripting language
commonly used in web pages for dynamic client-
Some examples of these technologies at work lie in the servicing side processing.
of web browser requests, the processing of web forms, the 4. XHTML
persistence of all remote documents or files such as emails or Extensible Hypertext Markup Language. A
even the simple search engine that takes in your keyword(s) and stricter version of HTML with logical processing
dynamically responds with results. capabilities.
5. The Web Browser

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University of Guyana • Faculty of Natural Sciences • University of Guyana • Faculty of Natural Sciences •
Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

A few uncommon ones are: However, we first look at the language that is at the heart of
1. Jscript – hypertext web interfaces/documents – HTML.
A Windows based scripting language that
represents Microsoft’s Active Scripting HTML – An Introduction
implementation of ECMAScript. The Hypertext Markup Language is the major markup language
2. VBScript – that is used in the development of web pages. HTML basically
Visual Basic Scripting Edition. Another Microsoft defines the structure of the content on a given web page by
Active Scripting language. indicating how the various constituents of the content must be
3. Java Applets processed and presented. The language is written in the form of
Client-side, Java driven applications that run in labels/entities denoted by the enclosing “<” and “>” symbols.
the web browser.
4. Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) <html>
A Hybrid of two technlologies, JavaScript and <head>
<title>Title of page</title>
XML. Allows web interfaces to function more </head>
like application interfaces by allowing portions of <body>
content to be asynchronously requested from the This is my first homepage. <b>This text is
web and displayed. bold</b>
</body>
</html>
Further categorizing the listed client-side web technologies, we
find that a technology can either be related to a user-agent, such HTML can also include embedded scripting language code
as the web browser, or a client-side web language that defines which adds logical processing capability to the ordinary web
structure and/or logic for the user-agent to process and display. page.
Within the scope of this course, we will take an in-depth look at Since the HTML language must be appropriately interpreted by
HTML, CSS, JavaScript and XHTML in sequence. These all web browsers and all websites must use HTML to structure
technologies are used in designing and developing dynamic and their text-based information, the HTML language is an
highly interactive web interfaces. Additionally, while learning established standard of the web. Particularly, the W3C
these languages to build web interfaces, you will also be (WorldWideWeb Consortium) published the HTML 4.01
enlightened about usability heuristics in web interface design recommendation in 1999 with amendments in 2001.
(Jakob Nielson) to produce practical and usable web interfaces.

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University of Guyana • Faculty of Natural Sciences • University of Guyana • Faculty of Natural Sciences •
Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

HTML Markup
• Presentational markup describes the appearance of the
A typical HTML document (in its source form) can be seen to text, regardless of its function. For example,
have several types of entities that control the structure of the <b>boldface</b> indicates that "boldface" should be
content. These entities are elements, attributes, data types and rendered in bold text.
character references.
• Hypertext markup links parts of the document to other
Elements – documents. The anchor element <a>hyperlink</a> is
used to create a hyperlink in the flow of text. However,
Elements establish the basic structure for HTML markup. usually a URL has to be supplied to the href attribute of
Elements have two basic properties: attributes and content. Each the anchor element in order for it to function as intended,
attribute and each element's content has certain restrictions that e.g. <a href=”http://www.xyz.com”> A Link</a> will
must be followed for an HTML document to be considered valid. render “A Link” as a hyperlink.

An element usually has a start label (eg. <label>) and an end Attributes –
label (eg. </label>). The element's attributes are contained in
the start label and content is located between the labels (eg. Attributes are name-value pairs that describe some information
<label>Content</label>). Some elements, such as <br>, about the element. They are defined within the start tag of an
will never have any content and do not need closing labels. element as one or more whitespace-separated sequences of
Listed below are several types of markup elements used in name=”value” pairs e.g
HTML. <span id="anId" class="aClass"
style="color:red;">HTML</span>
• Structural markup describes the purpose of text. For
example, <h2>Golf</h2> establishes "Golf" as a
second-level heading, which would be rendered in a
browser in a manner similar to the "CSI225 Internet
Computing" title at the start of this lecture. Structural
markup does not denote any specific rendering, but most Reference:
"HTML." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Feb 2007, 15:30 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation,
web browsers have standardized methods on how Inc. 12 Feb 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML&oldid=106848323>.
elements should be formatted. Further styling, however,
is typically done with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

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