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A List of Protein Deficiency Diseases

Protein deficiency diseases can occur due to lack of protein intake, genetic disorders that inhibit protein production, or diseases that cause loss of appetite and muscle breakdown. Two common protein deficiency diseases in children are marasmus, characterized by severe weight loss and dehydration, and kwashiorkor, caused by a diet high in carbohydrates but low in protein and presenting with fluid retention in the abdomen. Inherited deficiencies of proteins C and S can cause abnormal blood clotting. Cachexia is a condition of protein depletion associated with various diseases that causes weight loss and increased protein degradation.

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Joseph Uday Kiran Mekala
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1K views2 pages

A List of Protein Deficiency Diseases

Protein deficiency diseases can occur due to lack of protein intake, genetic disorders that inhibit protein production, or diseases that cause loss of appetite and muscle breakdown. Two common protein deficiency diseases in children are marasmus, characterized by severe weight loss and dehydration, and kwashiorkor, caused by a diet high in carbohydrates but low in protein and presenting with fluid retention in the abdomen. Inherited deficiencies of proteins C and S can cause abnormal blood clotting. Cachexia is a condition of protein depletion associated with various diseases that causes weight loss and increased protein degradation.

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Joseph Uday Kiran Mekala
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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A LIST OF PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES

Proteins are substances that are part of cells, tissues and organs throughout the body, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Protein deficiency is common among people who live in developing countries, those who live in impoverished communities in developed countries and in the elderly who lack access to nutritious food. Protein deficiency also affects people who are born with a genetic disorder to produce certain proteins, and people with diseases that cause them to lose appetite and experience muscle breakdown. MARASMUS Marasmus is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of protein and calories that affect infants and very young children, often resulting in weight loss and dehydration. Marasmus can develop into starvation and cause fatality caused by a lack of essential nutrients. People with marasmus appear bony with little muscle tissue, according to Food4Africa. KWASHIORKOR Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of protein in diets that contain calories mostly from carbohydrates such as yams, rice and bananas. It usually affects older children. People with kwashiorkor appear puffy in the abdomen area from retention of fluid, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Common symptoms of both marasmus and kwashiorkor include fatigue, irritability, diarrhea, stunted growth and impairment of cognition and mental health. DEFICIENCIES OF PROTEIN C AND PROTEIN S Deficiencies of protein C and protein S are inherited conditions that cause abnormal blood clotting, according to Medline Plus. Deficiency of protein C occurs in about 1 out of 300 people. Deficiency of protein S affects 1 in 20,000 people. Symptoms for these deficiencies include redness, pain, tenderness or swelling in the affected area. People with these protein deficiencies need to be careful about activities that increase risk of blood clots, such as prolonged sitting, bed rest, and long-time travel in cars and airplanes. Research by A. Hooda published in the "Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology" in 2009 discovered that protein S deficiency causes ischemic stroke. CACHEXIA Cachexia is a condition that involves protein deficiency, depletion of skeletal muscle and an increased rate of protein degradation, according to research by D.P. Kotler published in the "Annals of Internal Medicine" in 2000. Cachexia causes weight loss and mortality and is associated with cancer, AIDS, chronic kidney failure, heat disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatoid arthritis, according to J.E. Morley in the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition." Patients with malignant cancer of the stomach, colon, liver, billiary tract and pancreas experience undernutrition from reduced intake of protein, calories and micronutrients, and have fatigue and a negative nitrogen balance as a result of loss of muscle mass from cachexia, according to J. Ockenga in "Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics" in 2005. REFERENCES

Centers for Disease Control: Protein Merck Manuals Online: Undernutrition MedlinePlus: Congenital Protein C or S Deficiency "Annals of Internal Medicine"; Cachexia; Kotler, D.P.; Oct 17 2000 Food4Africa: Marasmus in Aid Orphans

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