Kata Arahan

“Bash” Linux
A G
alias - create an alias gawk - Find and Replace text within file(s)
apropos - Search Help manual pages (man -k) getopts - Parse position parameters
apt-get - Search for and install software packages (Debian grep - Search file(s) for lines that match a give pattern
based) groups - Print group names a user is in
aspell - Spell Checker gzip - Compress or decompress named file(s)
awk - Search and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
H
B
hash - Remember the full pathname of a name argument
bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
head - Output the first part of file(s)
bc - Arbitrary precision calculator language
history - Command History
bg - Send to background
hostname - Print or set system name
break - Exit from loop
builtin - Run shell builtin I
bzip2 - Compress or decompress named file(s) id - Print user and group id’s
C if - Conditionally perform a command
cal - Display a calendar ifconfig - Configure a network interface
case - Conditionally perform a command ifdown - Stop a network interface
cat - Display the contents of a file ifup - Start a network interface up
cd - Change Directory import - Capture an X server screen and save the image to
cfdisk - Partition table manipulator for linux file
install - Copy files and set attributes
chgrp - Change group ownership J
chmod - Change access permissions join - Join lines on a common filed
chown - Change file owner and group
chroot - Run a command with a different root directory K
chkconfig - System services (runlevel) kill - Stop a process from running
cksum - Print CRC checksum and byte counts killall - Kill processes by name
clear - Clear terminal screen
cmp - Compare two files L
comm - Compare two sorted files line by line less - Display output one screen at a time
command - Run a command - ignoring shell functions let - Perform arithmetic on shell variables
continue - Resume the next iteration of loop ln - Make links between files
cp - Copy one or more files to another location local - Create variables
cron - Daemon to execute scheduled commands locate - Find files
crontab - Schedule a command to run at a later time logname - Print current login name
csplit - Split a file into context-determined pieces logout - Exit a login shell
cut - Divide a file into several parts look - Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc - Line printer control program
D lpr - Off line print
date - Display or change the date & time lprint - Print a file
dc - Desk Calculator lprintd - Abort a print job
dd - Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot lprintq - List the print queue
records
lprm - Remove jobs from the print queue
ddresque - Data recovery tool
ls - List information about file(s)
declare - Declare variables and give them attributes
lsof - List open files
df - Display free disk space
diff - Display the differences between two files M
diff3 - Show differences among threen files make - Recompile a group of programs
dig - DNS lookup man - Help manual
dir - Briefly list directory contents mkdir - Create new folder(s)
dircolors - Colour setup for ‘ls’ mkifo - Make FIFOs (named pipes)
dirname - Convert a full pathname to just a path mkisofs - Create an hybrid ISO9660 /JOLIET/HFS filesystem
dirs - Display list of remembered directories mknod - Make block or character special files
dmesg - Print kernel & driver messages more - Display output one screen at a time
du - Estimate file space usage mount - Mount a file system
E mtools - Manipulate MS-DOS files
echo - Display message on screen mv - Move or rename files or directories
egrep - Search file(s) for lines that match an extended mmv - Mass Move and rename (files)
expression
eject - Eject removable media N
enable - Enable and disable builtin shell commands netstat - Networking information
env - Environment variables nice - Set the priority of a command or job
ethtool - Ethernet card settings nl - Number lines and write files
eval - Evaluate several commands/arguments nohup - Run a command immune to hangups
exec - Executed a command nslookup - Query Internet name servers interactively
exit - Exit the shell
expect - Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a O
terminal open - Open a file in its default application
expand - Convert tabs to spaces op - Operator access
export - Set an environment variable
expr - Evaluate expressions P
passwd - Modify a user password
F paste - Merge lines of files
false - Do nothing, unsuccessfully pathchk - Check file name portability
fdformat - Low-level format a floppy disk ping - Test a network connection
fdisk - Partition table manipulator for linux popd - Restore the previous value of the current directory
fg - send job to foreground pr - Prepare files for printing
fgrep - Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string printcap - Printer capability database
file - Determine file type printenv - Print environment variable
find - Search for files that meet a desired criteria printf - Format and print data
fmt - Reformat paragraph text ps - Process status
fold - Wrap text to fit a specified width pushd - Save and the change the current directory
for - Expand words, and execute commands pwd - Print Working Directory
format - Format disks or tapes
free - Display memory usage Q
fsck - File system consistency check and repair quota - Display disk device
ftp - File transfer protocol quotacheck - Scan a file system for disk usage
function - Defines Function Macros quotactl - Set disk quotas
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 R U
ram - ram disk device ulimit - Limit user resources
rcp - Copy files between two machines umask - User file creation mask
read - read a line from standard input umount - Unmount a device
readonly - Mark variables/functions as readonly unalias - Remove an alias
reboot - Reboot the system uname - Print system information
renice - Alter priority of running processes unexpand - Convert spaces to tabs
remsync - Synchronize remote files via email uniq - Uniquify files
return - Exit a shell function units - Convert units from one scale to another
rev - Reverse lines of a files unset - Remove variable or function names
rm - Remove files unshar - Unpack shell archive scripts
rmdir - remove folder(s) until - Execute commands (until error)
rsync - Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) useradd - Create new user account
usermod - Modify user account
S users - List users currently logged in
screen - Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh uuencode - Encode a binary file
scp - Secure copy (remote file copy) uudecode - Decode a file created bu uuencode
sdiff - Merge two files interactively
sed - Stream Editor V
select - Accept keyboard input v - Verbosely list directory contents (‘ls -l -b’)
seq - Print numeric sequences vdir - Verbosely list directory contents (‘ls -l -b’)
set - Manipulate shell variables and functions vi - Text Editor
sftp - Secure File Transfer Program vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
shift - Shift positional parameters
shopt - Shell Options W
shutdown - Shutdown or restart linux watch - Execute/display a program periodically
sleep - Delay for a specified time wc - Print byte, word, and line counts
slocate - Find files whereis - Report all known instances of a command
sort - Sort text files which - Locate a command file in the user’s path
source - Run commands from a file ‘.’ while - Execute commands
split - Split a file into fixed-size pieces who - Print all usernames currently logged in
ssh - Secure Shell client and signals whoami - Print current user id and name (‘id -un’)
su - Substitute user identity wget - Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
sudo - Execute a command as another user write - Send a message to another user
sum - Print a checksum for a file
symlink - Make a new name for a file X
sync - Synchronize data on disk with memory xargs - Execute utility, passing constructed argument
list(s)
T yes - Print a string until interupted
tail - Output the last part of files . - Run a command script in the current shell
tar - Tape Archiver ### Comment / Remark
tee - Redirect output to multiple files
test - Evaluate a conditional expression
time - Measure program running time
times - User and system times
touch - Change file timestamps
top - List processes running on the system
traceroute - Trace route to Host
trap - Run a command when a signal is set (bourne)
tr - Translate, sequeeze, and/or delete characters
true - Do nothing, successfully
tsort - Topological sort
tty - Print filename of terminal on stdin
type - Describe a command

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