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Thinking Skills

The document discusses thinking skills and how they can be developed in students. It outlines different thinking skills like information processing, reasoning, enquiring, creating and evaluating. It also discusses metacognition and Edward de Bono's six thinking hats framework.

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104 views4 pages

Thinking Skills

The document discusses thinking skills and how they can be developed in students. It outlines different thinking skills like information processing, reasoning, enquiring, creating and evaluating. It also discusses metacognition and Edward de Bono's six thinking hats framework.

Uploaded by

api-238290146
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thinking Skills can be viewed as the way people apply

their minds to solve problems. They enable us to integrate new experiences into the idea we are constructing of how things are. Research indicates that these skills are developed through cognitive challenge, collaborative work and metacognitive discussion and are essential to effective learning. If children make sense of the world through thinking, then a focus on developing their thinking skills is essential in helping them get more out of learning and life. A central aim of education is to make improvements to the quality and level of thinking that is evoked in students as this is essential for students to become successful life-long learners. A key aspect of thinking skills is the concept of Metacognition, which involves thinking about thinking. It is an awareness of ones knowledge and the ability to understand and manipulate the cognitive processes that occur throughout learning. There are many ways in which Thinking Skills can be improved in the classroom. Thinking Skills in The National Curriculum in England (1999) underpin the skills of lifelong learning. The curriculum and how it is applied in the classroom is summarised on the following page. Edward De Bonos Six Thinking Hats is a thinking tool that provides a framework for directing thinking attention to one direction at a time.

Thinking Skills in The National Curriculum in England


Information Processing Skills
Overview: Students obtain information from reading, observing and listening and organise information in written or visual forms. Information processing skills include: -Find and locate relevant information -Compare and contrast -Analyse information Applications in the classroom: Can you write in your own words . . .? Can you write a brief outline . . .? What do you think might happen next . . .? Who do you think . . .?

Reasoning Skills

Overview: Students make connections and inferences and consider impacts (actual or potential) of applying information.

Reasoning skills include: -giving reason for opinion - draw inferences, make deductions -explain thoughts

Applications in the classroom: From the information given, can you develop a set of instructions about . . .? Would this information be useful if you had a . . .? Do you know another instance where . . .?

Enquiring Skills

Overview: Students ask relevant questions, plan and pursue a course of action to identify new information and make connections. Overview: Imagination, extending alternative and original ideas.

Enquiring skills include: -ask relevant questions -pose and define problems -predict outcomes and anticipate consequences

Applications in the classroom: Can you compare your . . . with that presented in . . .? Can you distinguish between . . .? How is . . . similar to . . .?

Creating Skills

Creating skills include: -test hypotheses -apply imagination

Applications in the classroom: Can you design a . . . to . . .? Why not compose a song about . . .? Can you see a possible solution to . . .?

Evaluating Skills

Overview: Students make judgements of the trust, value and usefulness of new information and challenge the self and others.

Evaluating skills include: -confidence in making judgements -develop criteria for judgement

Applications in the classroom: -Is there a better solution to . . .? -Do you think . . . is a good or a bad thing? -How would you have handled . . .? -What changes to . . . would you recommend?

Edward De Bonos Six Thinking Hats


Blue Hat Thinking- Process Thinking about thinking What thinking is needed? Organizing the thinking Planning for action White Hat Thinking- Facts Information and data Neutral and objective What do I know? What do I need to find out? How will I get the information I need?

Green Hat Thinking - Creativity Ideas, alternative, possibilities Provocation - "PO" Solutions to black hat problems

Yellow Hat Thinking- Benefits Positives, plus points Logical reasons are given. Why an idea is useful

Black Hat Thinking - Cautions Difficulties, weaknesses, dangers Logical reasons are given. Spotting the risks

Red Hat Thinking - Feelings Intuition, hunches, gut instinct My feelings right now. Feelings can change. No reasons are given.

References
DeBono for Schools, 2013, Six Thinking Hats: Strengthen Collaboration Skills, viewed August 6 2013, Available at: < http://www.debonoforschools.com/asp/six_hats.asp> Fisher R. (in press) Thinking Skills, in Arthur J, Grainger T & Wray D (eds) Learning to teach in primary school, Routledge Falmer Mind Matters, 2013, Thinking about Thinking: Metacognition, viewed August 1 2013, Available at: <http://www.mindmatters.edu.au/resources_and_downloads/staff_matters/the_thriving_self/usef ul_information/thinking_about_thinking_metacognition.html> Thinking Skills, 2013, Thinking Skills, viewed August 1 2013, Available at: <http://www.brainboxx.co.uk/a3_aspects/pages/ThinkingSkills.htm> Thinking Skills - National Curriculum (UK). 2013. Thinking Skills - National Curriculum, viewed August 6 2013, Available at: < http://www.brainboxx.co.uk/a3_aspects/pages/ThinkingNatCurr.htm >.

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