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MCAT Formula Sheet

This document provides a summary of basic physics concepts and equations covering topics such as: 1) Translational and rotational motion, forces, gravity, springs, work, energy, momentum, and kinematics equations. 2) Periodic motion, waves, sound, Doppler effect, and harmonics. 3) Circular motion, centripetal force, and rotational kinematics. 4) Fluids, solids, density, pressure, Archimedes' principle, Bernoulli's equation.

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Yank Azhar
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391 views3 pages

MCAT Formula Sheet

This document provides a summary of basic physics concepts and equations covering topics such as: 1) Translational and rotational motion, forces, gravity, springs, work, energy, momentum, and kinematics equations. 2) Periodic motion, waves, sound, Doppler effect, and harmonics. 3) Circular motion, centripetal force, and rotational kinematics. 4) Fluids, solids, density, pressure, Archimedes' principle, Bernoulli's equation.

Uploaded by

Yank Azhar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS basic concepts and equations by Dr.

John Colton
Translational Motion vectors: add like arrows Fx = F cos Fy = F sin
F = Fx + Fy
2 2

%or& ! 'ner(y & = F " cos (negative for eg. friction) '( = ' mv2 gravity: () = mgh gravity )general*: +( =

v ave a ave

vinstantaneous = slope of tangent line on distance graph.

x = t

= tan1(Fy/Fx)

GmM r

spring: +( = ' kx2 (x fro" e%#ili$ri#") &ork,(nergy heorem: ( (nergy ) -ef +&ork = ( (nergy ) aft +ower = energy/time = rate of work $eing done 'quilibriu$ translational equili-rium: F =! rotational equili-rium.: = ! torque: = rF sin = rF = rF r= *lever ar"+ Mo$entu$
p = mv

ainstantaneous = slope of tangent line on velocity graph. kinematics equations: If a = constant (in x-dir) then:

v = t

x = x! + v! t + 1 2 at 2
v = v ! + at

v 2 = v! + 2a x
(si"ilar in y- z-directions with relevant ay az) freefall: ay = g 1! "/s2 ax = az = ! deco#pling of co"ponents Force Motion ! "ra#itation N1: if no F no a (i.e. inertia) N2: F = ma N3: F12 = F21 always NG: FG =

p ) -ef = ( p ) aft conserve" if no o#tside forces: ( especially #sef#l for collision pro$le"s .elastic collisions/ = ,) is conserved
Periodic Motion perio" $ $ ti"e in which "otion repeats itself freq = 1/ $ 2% amplitu"e = center to peak x = xampcos(t,) - xave spring: pen"ulum:

GmM r2

weight: FG = w = mg friction: Ff = N ropes: p#lls on $oth ends spring: F = kx (x fro" e%#ili$ri#") Circular $otion concept 1! inwar" force

= 2

m k
0 g

= 2

(for angles close to vertical)

a# = Fnet

v (centripetal) r mv 2 = ma # = r

v = 2 r/perio" freq = 1/perio" $ 2%perio" concept 2! kinematics eqns " = r ( in radians) v = r ( in rad/s) a = r (a in rad/s2) tangential& not the sa"e as ac

%a#es wavelength = = distance over which wave repeats spee" of wave: v = f interference: a"plit#des add when waves cross -eats: f -eat = f 1 f 2 (if f1 close to f2) stan"ing waves: wave "oves #p/down $#t doesn.t travel pict#res if nodes on ends antinodes or "i/ed no"es (no oscillation) vs. antino"es (largest oscillation) harmonics (1 2 0 1) vs. overtones )2#nd. 1 2 1) longitu"inal (osc. // to v) vs. transverse (osc. to v) Sound f pitch yo# hear longitu"inal wave: press#re oscillation is parallel to direction of travel 1oppler effect: fre%#ency increases (decreases) $eca#se wavefronts $#nch #p (slow down) "eci-els:

= ! + ! t + 1 2 t 2 = ! + t

= ! + 2
2

3 1! 1! (eg. 33!d4 = 1!! 35!d4)

"2

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PHYSICS basic concepts and equations by Dr. John Colton


Fluids and Solids "ensity: = m/4 specific gravity: 5G = /62! 62! = 1 g/cm0 = 1!!! kg/m0 press#re: + = F/6 #nderwater: + = +atm - g" +ascal7s 0aw: any applied press#re is trans"itted thro#gho#t fl#id 6rchime"es7 +rinciple: fl#id helps s#pport weight $#oyant force: 2 = flui" 4o-8ect g (= weight of the *displaced fl#id+) Moving flui"s at positions 1 and 2 along path: 61 v1 = 62 v2 ((qn of continuity "ass conserved) +1 - 'v12 - gy1 = +2 - 'v22 - gy2 (2ernoulli7s 0aw energy conserved) 5oli"s with applied loads (p#shes or p#lls): stress: = F/6 strain! $ 0/0 tensile strength: "a/i"#" $efore $reaking 9oung7s mo"ulus: 7 = / slope of stress/strain 'lectrostatics #oulom-7s 0aw: F# = electric fiel": ( = 5$. 2ar fro" all charges look like single charge (if there is a net charge) Ma(netic Fields magnetic force: F = qv2sin = qv2 = qv2 electric current! 3 = q/t force on current,carrying wire! F $ 302sin constant 2; no (: circ#lar/helical "otion r = mv/q2

kq: (force $etween q and :) r2

kq (potential to feel a force fro" q) r2

F = :( (act#al force felt $y :) fiel" lines: 1. 8o away fro" positive q towards negative q 2. 9o not cross 0. 6ave highest density where field is strongest 5a. :lose to a charge look like single charge 5$. 2ar fro" all charges look like single charge (if there is a net charge)

kq: (energy of : d#e to q) r kq electric potential: 4 = (potential to have () fro" r


potential energy: +( = q) work: & = : 4 (work to "ove : fro" 41 to 42) special case! if constant ( then 4 = ( x equipotential lines! 1. ;lways to field lines 2. 8o *aro#nd the hill+ 0. <ost closely spaced where ( is strongest 5a. :lose to a charge look like a single charge

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PHYSICS basic concepts and equations by Dr. John Colton


'lectric Circuits resistors! <hm7s 0aw: 4= = 3= (4= = resistor.s voltage drop) series resistors! =eq $ =1 > =2 parallel resistors: =eq = (1/=1 - 1/=2)1 +ower lost -y each resistor! += = 3=2= = 4=2/= power supplie" -y -attery: +2 = 42 32 'irchoff7s laws! 8unction rule: at a =#nction 3in = 3out loop rule: aro#nd a loop 4increases = 4"ecreases capacitors! 4# $ :/# series capacitors! #eq = (1/#1 - 1/#2)1 parallel capacitors! #eq $ #1 > #2 +(cap = ' # 42 charging%"ischarging capacitors! .>: ti"e constant+ = =# )i(ht f color yo# see transverse wave: oscillation in electric/"agnetic fields is to direction of travel (and ( 2 to each other) c = f (c = 01!? "/s) 0aw of reflection: inci"ent = reflecte" 0aw of refraction (@nell.s law): n1sin1 = n2sin2 "eas#red fro" the perpendic#lar n $ *inde/ of refraction+ speed of light = c/n total internal reflection! for A#? critical : $ sin@ 1 )n2%n1* )enses converging (conve/) vs "iverging (concave) lens equation: 1/f = 1/"o - 1/"i real image: can p#t paper/fil" there to see it virtual image: cannot p#t paper there at i"age spot to see it like looking thro#gh "agnifying glass 5ign conventions for lens e%#ation: (ass#"ing light rays co"e fro" the left) positive negative "o if on the left of the if on the right of the lens lens (can only happen in a "#ltiple lens pro$le") "i if on the right of if on the left of the the lens lens ("eans a real ("eans a virt#al i"age) i"age) f if a conve/ lens if a concave lens m if right-side #p if #pside-down magnification: M = hi/ho (definition) M = "i/"o (#sef#l for calc#lation) multiple lenses: "i of 1st lens $eco"es "o of 2nd lens each distance "eas#red fro" its own lens total "agnification: Mtot = M1 M2 1 spherical mirrors: f = =/2 *lens e%#ation+ still works slightly different sign conventions

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