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6 Concur Solns

The document discusses several theorems in geometry related to collinearity and concurrence of lines. Some of the key theorems mentioned are Ceva's theorem, Menelaus' theorem, Pascal's theorem, Brianchon's theorem, and Desargues' theorem. Several problems are also presented relating to proving concurrence or collinearity based on these theorems.

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Bharatha M. Rankothge
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246 views3 pages

6 Concur Solns

The document discusses several theorems in geometry related to collinearity and concurrence of lines. Some of the key theorems mentioned are Ceva's theorem, Menelaus' theorem, Pascal's theorem, Brianchon's theorem, and Desargues' theorem. Several problems are also presented relating to proving concurrence or collinearity based on these theorems.

Uploaded by

Bharatha M. Rankothge
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VI.

Collinearity and Concurrence


Po-Shen Loh June 26, 2003

Your Weapons

Ceva Let ABC be a triangle, and let D BC , E CA, and F AB . Then AD, BE , and CF concur if and only if: AF BD CE = 1. F B DC EA Trig Ceva Let ABC be a triangle, and let D BC , E CA, and F AB . Then AD, BE , and CF concur if and only if: sin CAD sin ABE sin BCF = 1. sin DAB sin EBC sin F CA Radical Axis Let {k }3 1 be a family of circles, and let k be the radical axis of k and k+1 , where we identify 4 with 1 . Then { k }3 1 are concurrent. The radical axis of 1 and 2 is the locus of points with equal power with respect to the two circles. This locus turns out to be a straight line. (You can prove it with coordinates!) Brianchon Let circle be inscribed in hexagon ABCDEF . Then the diagonals AD, BE , and CF are concurrent. Identication Three lines AB , CD, and EF are concurrent if and only if the points A, B , and CD EF are collinear. Desargues Two triangles are perspective from a point if and only if they are perspective from a line. Two triangles ABC and DEF are perspective from a point when AD, BE , and CF are concurrent. Two triangles ABC and DEF are perspective from a line when AB DE , BC EF , and CA F D are collinear. Menelaus Let ABC be a triangle, and let D, E , and F line on the extended lines BC , CA, and AB . Then D, E , and F are collinear if and only if: AF BD CE = 1. F B DC EA Pappus Let 1 and 2 be lines, let A, C, E CD F A are collinear.
1,

and let B, D, F

2.

Then AB DE , BC EF , and

Pascal Let be a conic, and let A, B, C, D, E, F . Then AB DE , BC EF , and CD F A are collinear.

Problems For PWNage (Warm-Ups)


1. (Gergonne Point) Let ABC be a triangle, and let its incircle intersect sides BC , CA, and AB at A , B , C respectively. Prove that AA , BB , CC are concurrent. Solution: Ceva 2. Let ABC be a triangle, and let D, E, F be the feet of the altitudes from A, B, C . Construct the incircles of triangles AEF , BDF , and CDE ; let the points of tangency with DE , EF , and F D be C , A , and B , respectively. Prove that AA , BB , CC concur. Solution: Isogonal conjugate of Gergonne point; trig ceva 3. (Russia97) The circles S1 and S2 intersect at M and N . Show that if vertices A and C of a rectangle ABCD lie on S1 while vertices B and D lie on S2 , then the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle lies on the line M N . Solution: Radical Axis 4. (Simson Line) If P is on the circumcircle of ABC , then the feet of the perpendiculars from P to the (possibly extended) sides of ABC are collinear. Solution: Angle chasing shows it with vertical angles

Problems
1. (Zeitz96) Let ABCDEF be a convex cyclic hexagon. Prove that AD, BE, CF are concurrent if and only if AB CD EF = BC DE F A. Solution: Trig Ceva 2. (StP96) The points A and C are chosen on the diagonal BD of a parallelogram ABCD so that AA CC . The point K lies on the segment A C , and the line AK meets CC at L. A line parallel to BC is drawn through K , and a line parallel to BD is drawn through C ; these meet at M . Prove that D, M, L are collinear. Solution: StP96/17 3. (Bulgaria97) Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral such that DAB = ABC = BCD. Let H and O denote the orthocenter and circumcenter of ABC . Prove that D, O, H are collinear. Solution: Bulgaria97/10 4. (Korea97) In an acute triangle ABC with AB = AC , let V be the intersection of the angle bisector of A with BC , and let D be the foot of the perpendicular from A to BC . If E and F are the intersections of the circumcircle of AV D with CA and AB , respectively, show that the lines AD, BE, CF concur. Solution: Korea97/8

Harder Problems
1. (MOP98) Let ABC be a triangle, and let A , B , C be the midpoints of the arcs BC, CA, AB , respectively, of the circumcircle of ABC . The line A B meets BC and AC at S and T . B C meets AC and AB at F and P , and C A meets AB and BC at Q and R. Prove that the segments P S, QT, F R concur. Solution: They pass through the incenter of ABC , prove with Pascal on AA C B BC . MOP98/2/3a. See

2. (MOP98) The bisectors of angles A, B, C of triangle ABC meet its circumcircle again at the points K, L, M , respectively. Let R be an internal point on side AB . The points P and Q are dened by the conditions: RP is parallel to AK and BP is perpendicular to BL; RQ is parallel to BL and AQ is perpendicular to AK . Show that the lines KP, LQ, M R concur. Solution: MOP98/5/4 3. (MOP98) Let 1 and 2 be two circles of the same radius, intersecting at A and B . Let O be the midpoint of AB . Let CD be a chord of 1 passing through O, and let the segment CD meet 2 at P . Let EF be a chord of 2 passing through O, and let the segment EF meet 1 at Q. Prove that AB, CQ, EP are concurrent. Solution: MOP98/12/3 4. (MOP97) Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral, inscribed in a circle , whose diagonals meet at E . Suppose the point P has the following property: if we extend the line AP to meet again at F , and we extend the line BP to meet again at G, then CF, DG, EP are all parallel. Similarly, suppose the point Q is such that if we extend the line CQ to meet again at H , and we extend the line DQ to meet again at I , then AH, BI, EQ are all parallel. Prove that E, P, Q are collinear. Solution: MOP97/11/5

Problems to PWN You


1. (MOP98) Let A1 A2 A3 be a nonisosceles triangle with incenter I . For i = 1, 2, 3, let Ci be the smaller circle through I tangent to Ai Ai+1 and Ai Ai+2 (indices being taken mod 3) and let Bi be the second intersection of Ci+1 and Ci+2 . Prove that the circumcenters of the triangles A1 B1 I , A2 B2 I , and A3 B3 I are collinear. Solution: MOP98/4/5 2. (MOP97) Let ABC be a triangle and D, E, F the points where its incircle touches sides BC, CA, AB , respectively. The parallel through E to AB intersects DF in Q, and the parallel through D to AB intersects EF in T . Prove that CF, DE, QT are concurrent. Solution: MOP97/2/5 3. (MOP97) Let P be a point in the plane of a triangle ABC . A circle passing through P intersects the circumcircles of triangles P BC, P CA, P AB at A1 , B1 , C1 , respectively, and lines P A, P B, P C intersect at A3 , B3 , C3 . Prove that: (a) the points A2 , B2 , C2 are collinear (b) the lines A1 A3 , B1 B3 , C1 C3 are concurrent

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