Code No: RR411005 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics &
Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Obtain the inverse Z-transform of the following in the closed form.

0.368z 2 +0.478z+0.154
(a) F1 (z) = z 2 (z−1)
2z 3 +z
(b) F2 (z) = (z−1)2 (z−1)

(c) F3 (z) = z+2

z 2 (z−2)
[6+5+5]

2. For the following discrete control system represented by

z −1 (1 + z −1 )
G(z) =
(1 + 0.5z −1 ) (1 − 0.5z −1 )

Obtain the state representation of the system in the controllable canonical form.
Also find its state transition matrix. [16]

3. Investigate the controllability and observability of the following system

       
x1 (k + 1) 1 −2 x1 (k) 1 −1
= + u(k)
x2 (k + 1) 1 −1 x2 (k) 0 0
     
y1 (k) 1 0 x1 (k)
= [16]
y2 (k) 0 1 x2 (k)

4. Explain Liapunov stability criterion for the linear time variant systems. [16]

5. Explain the digital implementation of PI controller and lead lag controller in detail
with suitable diagrams. [16]

6. (a) Enumerate the design steps for pole placement.

(b) Prove Ackermanns formula for the determination of the state feedback gain
matrix K. [8+8]

7. Consider the digital process with the state equations described by

X(k + 1) = AX (k) + Bu(k)
c(k) = D X(k)
   
0 1 0  
Where A = ,B = ,D = 2 0 . Design a full order observer
−1 1 1
which will observe the states x1 (k) and x2 (k) from the output c(k), having dead
beat response. Write the dynamic equation for the observer. [16]

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 1
8. What is a state regulator? Explain the steps involved in the design of state regu-
lator. [16]

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics &
Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) The transfer function of a discrete-time system has poles at z = 0.5, z =

0.1±j0.2 and zeros at z = ±1. Develop the difference equation and obtain the
parallel realization diagram.
(b) Given the transfer function
1
G(z) = (z−0.9)2 for all |z| > 0.9

Obtain the corresponding discrete-time sequence g(k), using the residue method.
[8+8]

2. A discrete time system has state and output equations given by

x1 (k + 1) = 14 x1 (k) + u (k)
x2 (k + 1) = 18 x1 (k) + 18 x2 (k) + u (k)
 
 x1 (k)
1

y(k) = /2 0
x2 (k)
Find the output y(k) when u(k)=unit impulse and x(0) = 0. [16]

3. For the system defined by

       
x1 (k + 1) 0 1 x1 (k) 0
= + u(k)
x2 (k + 1) −0.16 −1 x2 (k) 1
 
  x1 (k)
y(k) = 1 0
x2 (k)
assume that the following outputs are observed as y(0)=1 and y(1)=2 and the
control signals given are u(0)=2,u(1)=-1, determine the initial state X(0) and also
X(1) and X(2) . [16]

4. Determine the stability of the following characteristic equations by using suitable

tests.

(a) 5z2 −2z + 2 = 0

(b) z3 −0.2z2 −0.25z + 0.05 = 0
(c) z4 −1.7z3 +1.04z2 −0.268z + 0.024 = 0. [5+5+6]

5. What are PID controllers? Compare its performance with PI controllers and PD
controllers. Explain digital PID controller in detail. [16]

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 2
6. Consider the system given by
       
x1 (k + 1) 0 1 x1 (k) 0
= + u(k)
x2 (k + 2) −0.16 −1 x2 (k) 1
Determine the state feedback gain matrix such that when the controls signal is
given by u(k) = - KX(k) the closed loop system exhibits the dead beat response to
an initial state x(0). Assume that the control signal u(k) is unbounded. [16]

7. (a) Discuss briefly Kalman Filtering algorithm and explain the various recursive
relations.
(b) With neat block diagram explain the full order observer. [8+8]

8. Derive the solution for optimal control problem using transfer function approach.
[16]

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics &
Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Show that the transfer function for

1−eT s
(a) a zero-order hold is,G0 (s) = s
 2
T s+1 1−eT s
(b) a first-order hold is,G1 (s) = T s
. [8+8]

2. Derive the state space model of discrete control system using direct programming
method and draw its block diagram. [16]

3. Define controllability and observability of discrete time systems. For the following
system,
Y (z) z −1 (1 + 0.8z −1 )
=
U(z) 1 + 1.3z −1 + 0.4z −2

Determine whether the system is observable and controllable. [16]

4. (a) Discuss the Liapunov stability analysis for Linear Time Invariant (LTI) dis-
crete time system.
(b) Determine the stability of the origin of the system given by
    
x1 (k + 1) 0 1 x1 (k)
= [8+8]
x2 (k + 1) −0.5 −1 x2 (k)
5. Explain the digital implementation of PI controller and lead lag controller in detail
with suitable diagrams. [16]

6. (a) Enumerate the design steps for pole placement.

(b) Prove Ackermanns formula for the determination of the state feedback gain
matrix K. [8+8]

7. (a) Discuss briefly Kalman Filtering algorithm and explain the various recursive
relations.
(b) With neat block diagram explain the full order observer. [8+8]

8. Evaluate the minimum performance index and also find out the optimal control
law to minimize the given performance index for the discrete time control system
defined by
x(k+1) = 0.3679 x(k) + 0.6321 u(k) ; x(0) = 1.
The performance index is

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 3
9
1
[x (10)]2 + 1
[x2 (k) + u2 (k)]
P
J = 2 2
[16]
k=0

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics &
Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Consider the difference equation y(k+2) - 1.3679y(k+1) +0.3679y(k) = 0.3679u(k+1)

+ 0.2642u(k) Find the output y(k), if the initial condition is y(0) = y(1) = 0 and
the input is given by


 0.0000 f or k < 0 and k ≥ 3
1.0000 k=0

u(k) = [16]

 0.2142 k=1
0.2142 k=2


2. A discrete time system is described the following difference equation

y(k+2)+5y(k+1)+6y(k)=u(k)
y(0)=y(1)=0, T=1 sec.

(a) Determine the state model in canonical form.

(b) Find the state transition matrix.
(c) For input u(k)=1,k¿=1, find the output y(k). [5+5+6]

3. Define controllability and observability of discrete time systems. For the following
system,
Y (z) z −1 (1 + 0.8z −1 )
=
U(z) 1 + 1.3z −1 + 0.4z −2

Determine whether the system is observable and controllable. [16]

4. Determine the stability of the following characteristic equations by using suitable

tests.

(a) 5z2 −2z + 2 = 0

(b) z3 −0.2z2 −0.25z + 0.05 = 0
(c) z4 −1.7z3 +1.04z2 −0.268z + 0.024 = 0. [5+5+6]

5. (a) Give the advantage of using w transformation for the design of discrete data
systems.
(b) What can you say about root sensitivity of a system with dead beat response?
[8+8]

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Code No: RR411005 Set No. 4
6. Consider the system defined by
.
X = Ax + Bu
   
0 1 0 0
A =  0 0 1 B = 0 
−1 −5 −6 1
by using the state feedback control u = -Kx, it is desired to have the closed loop
poles at s = -2 ± j 4 and s= -10. Determine the state feedback gain matrix K.

[16]

7. (a) Discuss briefly Kalman Filtering algorithm and explain the various recursive
relations.
(b) With neat block diagram explain the full order observer. [8+8]

8. Explain the Discretized Quadratic optimal control problem. [16]

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