Scribd
Upload
138 views4 pages

Jadav Synopsis

This document discusses the importance of fault ride through capability for large-scale wind power integration into the Indian electricity grid. It notes that wind turbines currently used in India do not have this capability. The document outlines problems that arise from high wind power penetration without proper standards, including unpredictable grid behavior during faults. It proposes to study the impact of lacking fault ride through capability and develop models to represent wind turbines in stability studies. Having fault ride through would allow wind turbines to stay connected during faults and help restore the grid faster.

Uploaded by

htjadhav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
138 views4 pages

Jadav Synopsis

This document discusses the importance of fault ride through capability for large-scale wind power integration into the Indian electricity grid. It notes that wind turbines currently used in India do not have this capability. The document outlines problems that arise from high wind power penetration without proper standards, including unpredictable grid behavior during faults. It proposes to study the impact of lacking fault ride through capability and develop models to represent wind turbines in stability studies. Having fault ride through would allow wind turbines to stay connected during faults and help restore the grid faster.

Uploaded by

htjadhav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Relevance of “Fault Ride Through” Capability for

the Large Wind Power Integration in Indian Grid


1. Introduction

Wind power is being used by human civilization since a long time. Initially, it was
mainly used for sailing and later, it was being used for pumping water, grinding
food grains in farming activity. Wind energy for generating electricity came into
being in the early twentieth century. However, at the beginning of modern
industrialization, fossil fuels were considered ideal for electrical power generation
for reliable and continuous operation as the wind energy is often fluctuating in its
output.

The rapid industrialization has resulted in substantial requirement of energy and it


has become imperative to search for new alternatives. Further, the negative
effects of fossil fuels appeared with its limited availability and also environmental
impact. In the early 1970s, with the first oil price shock, the interest in wind based
electricity generation emerged. From then the use of wind energy has increased
dramatically. Wind energy has emerged as one of the most important sustainable
energy resources. In 1997, the Kyoto protocol has imposed legal binding on the
countries to increase the clean energy development.

In the last decade of the twentieth century, worldwide wind capacity doubled
approximately every three years. The cost of electricity from wind power has
fallen to about one sixth of the cost in the early 1980s [1]. Wind energy
technology itself also moved very fast in new dimensions. At the end of 1989 a
300kW wind turbine with a 30-meter rotor diameter was state of the art. But 10
years later, 2000 kW turbines with a rotor diameter of around 80 meters were
available from many manufacturers [1]. The first demonstration projects using
3MW wind turbines with a rotor diameter of 90 meter were installed before the
turn of the century. Now, (March 2009), 6 MW (Enercon E-126) wind turbines
have been operational with tower height of 135 m [2].

Today, wind power has established itself as the most promising renewable energy
source in the world. The global wind energy installed capacity is 120.8 GW as at
the end of 2008 [3]. Wind power is expected to supply 10-12% of global
electricity demand by 2020, reducing CO2 emissions significantly. Presently, USA
is leading the world with 30% of total world wide installed capacity. Germany,
Spain, China and India are in correspondingly 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th position [3].

2. Problems in the large penetration of wind


energy
Earlier, when the wind penetration level was very low, the impact of wind
generation on the grid was insignificant. But, with high wind penetration, grid
behavior highly depends on wind. The characteristics of wind farms are quite
different than conventional thermal power plants. The first difference comes from
the types of machine used. In Indian wind farms, fixed speed wind turbines with
squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG) are used significantly. This type of
generators does not have its own VAr support. Reactive power has to be supplied
to SCIG either from grid or from external VAr generating devices. Voltage at the
grid connection point of wind farms highly depends on reactive power supply
schemes. Without any guidelines on reactive compensation, grid operators cannot
ensure system voltage (at grid connection point) to remain within limits. The
behavior of wind generators during system faults/disturbances has a major
influence on grid performance. Previously, induction generators were
disconnected from grid during faults. This can lead to considerable loss of
generation, which will introduce more power imbalance in the system. On the
other way, if induction generators remain connected during faults, it will draw
huge reactive power from grid during low terminal voltage, which will try to pull
down the voltage further. So, there should be some guidelines for wind farm
operation during faults. Otherwise grid performance will be highly unpredictable
during fault condition. The second difference comes due to the uncertainty of
wind for wind farms. The variable nature of wind speed makes it difficult for
dispatcher to schedule generation. In addition to this, wind farms are normally
connected to weak grids. As a result, grid voltages and other parameters become
very responsive to generated wind power and wind farm operating practice.
Unless there is some standardization or discipline in wind farm operating practice,
it becomes difficult for grid operators to provide secure and stable grid operation.

Today, wind power has prominent influence on grid security, stability and
congestion management. Without proper monitoring or management, wind power
integration can have adverse effect on Indian grid health. Due to different
operating practices, wind farms may behave in complete different way leading to
inadvertent operation during steady state or disturbance condition.

3. Fault Ride through Capability


Fault Ride Through (FRT) or Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability
referred to Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) is the ability of the WTG, to remain
connected to the grid without tripping (disconnecting) from the grid, for a
specified period of time usually called as Ride Through Period. The Fault Ride
Through Period depends on magnitude of voltage dip at the Point of Common
Coupling (PCC) during the fault and the transient recovery time taken by the grid
system to get back to the normal operating voltage.

Transient fault ride-through


Wind turbines have to be able to ride through transient voltage dips. When the
voltage at the terminals of the wind turbine gets suppressed, by e.g. a transient
short-circuit, the turbine must not disconnect, and must resume operation as soon
as the voltage has recovered. In assessing the FRT capability of the WTGs the
following aspects are to be considered:
• Voltage recovery at the wind turbine terminals
• Reactive power demand of the wind turbine
• Active power behaviour of the wind turbine after the fault is cleared
• Prevention of excessive speed excursions of the wind turbine generator
• Damping of torsional drive train oscillations caused by the fault

Necessity of FRT capability

There are two major concerns with wind farms in the area of fault ride through.
They are:
• Firstly, during system disturbances, the grid is dependent on the generators
connected to the system and expect them to continue to generate active power
in order to restore the system to normal operation. Disconnection of
generation in the event of system faults would lead to local and/or widespread
voltage problems and power quality issues and, in the extreme, the system
may collapse.
• Secondly, the impact of a fault that results in the unavailability of a
conventional generating unit, for example, a fault on a generator transformer,
busbar section or a transmission line feeding the generation. The fault itself
will have caused a voltage dip on the system, with the consequential tripping
of any generation without sufficient fault ride through capability. Following
fault clearance, the system would need sufficient spinning reserve to cover the
loss of the conventional generator and the generation that gets disconnected
during the dip.

Therefore, during the fault condition in the grid, depending on the severity of the
fault the WTGs must have the ability to ride through the fault condition, without
being tripped. The WTGs must have the ability compensate for the lost generation
in the system fault also minimize their reactive power requirement during the fault
ride through period. Even in case of tripping, WTGs have to guarantee
reconnection and continuation of power generation in the shortest possible time.
This FRT capability is not there in the wind farms connected to Indian grid at
present.

4. Proposed work
In the proposed work, the impact of not having the “Fault Ride Through”
capability in the Indian wind farms for large penetration of wind power will be
studied. The relevant network models will be developed and the simulation
studies will be conducted to ascertain the requirement of such facility. The
proposed work will also include the model development and representation of
wind turbines for large system stability studies.

5. References
// add some more references, based on the following key words

“ Fault ride though”, “dynamic simulation models of wind power machines”, “Wind grid
code”, “Voltage recovery”

[1] T. Ackermann, Ed., “Wind Power in Power Systems”. New York: Wiley, 2005
[2] “WINDBLATT”, Enercon Magazine for wind energy, Issue 4, 2007
[3] “Global Wind 2008 Report”, GWEC
[4] “Large scale integration of wind energy into the European power supply:
analysis, issues and recommendations”, ewea Report, december 2005

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy