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Poynting Vector

1) Electromagnetic waves can transport energy from one point to another via the electric and magnetic fields associated with the wave. 2) Using Maxwell's equations and vector identities, the Poynting theorem can be derived, which states that the net power flowing out of a given volume is equal to the decrease in energy stored in that volume minus any losses from dissipation. 3) The Poynting vector represents the power density and direction of energy flow associated with electromagnetic fields. It can be used to calculate the net power flowing through a closed surface.

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347 views3 pages

Poynting Vector

1) Electromagnetic waves can transport energy from one point to another via the electric and magnetic fields associated with the wave. 2) Using Maxwell's equations and vector identities, the Poynting theorem can be derived, which states that the net power flowing out of a given volume is equal to the decrease in energy stored in that volume minus any losses from dissipation. 3) The Poynting vector represents the power density and direction of energy flow associated with electromagnetic fields. It can be used to calculate the net power flowing through a closed surface.

Uploaded by

padmavathy2k
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Poynting Vector and Power Flow in Electromagnetic Fields: Electromagnetic waves can transport energy from one point

to another point. The electric and magnetic field intensities asscociated with a travelling electromagnetic wave can be related to the rate of such energy transfer. Let us consider Maxwell's Curl Equations:

Using vector identity

the above curl equations we can write

In simple medium where

and

.............................................(4.29) are constant, we can write

and

Applying Divergence theorem we can write,

...........................(4.30)

The term and magnetic fields and the term

represents the rate of change of energy stored in the electric represents the power dissipation within the volume.

Hence right hand side of the equation (6.36) represents the total decrease in power within the volume under consideration.

The left hand side of equation (6.36) can be written as where (W/mt2) is called the Poynting vector and it represents the power density vector associated with the electromagnetic field. The integration of the Poynting vector over any closed surface gives the net power flowing out of the surface. Equation (6.36) is referred to as Poynting theorem and it states that the net power flowing out of a given volume is equal to the time rate of decrease in the energy stored within the volume minus the conduction losses. Poynting vector for the time harmonic case: For time harmonic case, the time variation is of the form , and we have seen that instantaneous when is used value of a quantity is the real part of the product of a phasor quantity and as reference. For example, if we consider the phasor

then we can write the instanteneous field as

.................................(4.31) when E0 is real. Let us consider two instanteneous quantities A and B such that

where A and B are the phasor quantities. i.e, Therefore,

..............................(4.32) Since A and B are periodic with period denoted by can be written as , the time average value of the product form AB,

.....................................(4.33) Further, considering the phasor quantities A and B, we find that

and

, where * denotes complex conjugate.

..............................................(4.34) The poynting vector can be expressed as ...................................(4.35) If we consider a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in +z direction and has only component, we can write:

Using (6.41)

........................................(4.36) where and , for the plane wave under consideration.

For a general case, we can write .....................(4.37) We can define a complex Poynting vector

and time average of the instantaneous Poynting vector is given by

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