FSAE i2 Data Analysis Seminar

Software Download & Installation

MoTeC software is available for download from the

website at: http://www motec com au/software/latestreleases http://www.motec.com.au/software/latestreleases

i2 Standard vs i2 Pro
i2 Standard Single overlay lap Simple maths functions Corrected speed / distance Filter, scale and offset +-*/ 15 Worksheets 5 time/distance graphs 10 Channels per graph 5 Outing graphs 2 Histograms 1 Scatter plot 1 Mixture map 1 Track Report Section Times i2 Pro Multiple overlay laps Advanced mathematics
user maths global maths flexible Expressions

Unlimited display components Unlimited workbooks Unlimited worksheets User definable track sections/sectors Lap Reports Statistics zoom Suspension Analysis Video Multiple projects

Program

Basic i2 Introduction Reliability and Safety Evaluating Driver Performance Evaluating Chassis Performance Data Maintenance

Basic i2 Introduction

Getting Started

Projects

Creating a New Project

To move, save or copy a project, simply move that folder and everything but your data goes with it. Math, graphs, etc. On the new computer, it wont won t automatically show in the recent project list so youll have to Open an Existing Project the first time.

Open a Log Data File

5 ways to open files:
1) Pull-down menu File / Open Log File 2) Ctrl O 3) Icon on toolbar 4) F8, then Icon 5) ) F8, then right-click

Open file dialog and icons

Data Window

Lap Selection
M Main i Overlay Other overlay laps

FILE DETAILS Venue Event Venue, Driver, Vehicle Date, Session Time, Comment and Filename

Lap List

Other overlay laps Overlay 0 Main

Workbook Setup
Worksheets should be grouped into workbooks by their type, such as Engine, Driver, Chassis, Suspension or they can be grouped for different people such as Engineer, Driver A, Driver B, Team Owner.

Worksheets Workbooks

New Workbook

New Worksheet

Adding Components
Layout Add menu Right click on blank area of worksheet Available Components: Time / Distance Graph Outing Graph Histogram Suspension Histogram Scatter Plot Mixture Map FFT Video Track Report Track Position Rainbow track map Time Report Channel Report Gauges (various types) ->

Add Time / Distance Graph

Adding Channels

View properties of the selected l t d channel h l Category or Alphabetic view still applies

S Search h th the channel h l li list t

Channels Window
Category Alphabetic
Order

Category Logged Order Alphabetic List Channel Properties Search Box Categories

Zoom Functions

Mouse scroll Keyboard shortcuts Scroll bars Zoom Icons
Horiz Zoom out full F2 Zoom to cursors Zoom window Zoom in Horiz Vert Zoom in Vert Zoom out Horiz Zoom Default - W Vert Zoom out full Double click and drag to zoom

Zoom out Horiz

Zoom & Pan

Resize & Slide bar to Zoom & Pan

Icon

Shortcut keys

Arrow keys

Double Click, Drag & Click

If you accidentally double click, hit Esc key

Double click to zoom out vertically To Zoom: use scroll wheel

To Pan: slide bottom x-axis

Time / Distance Graph 1

Lap select, Zoom and Scroll X axis

Channel name

Min Max Avg

Value at cursor

Time / Distance Graph 2

Active Channel mark

F9 toggles the Time / Distance axis

Rescale / Vertical Zoom group with active channel by dragging arrows

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Resizing and Layout

Click left corner to move Click and drag edges to resize

Click and drag Splitter to resize Groups

Values Box
Hide/Show Track Map Show difference between Main and Ref laps

Time and Distance at Cursor Channels on the graph.

box = active channel

Values of all channels.

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Datum Cursor
Show differences between 2 points on a graph

Graph Properties 1
Creating a graph Channels Groups

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Graph Properties 2

Display
Title Layout Info Options Options Cursor Trace

Channel Properties

Unit Decimal Places Colour Up Sampling Scaling Info

Edit Channel Colour Scheme

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Channel Options on a Graph

Hide Remove Edit Maths Filter Scale / Offset Zero at Cursor Previous Next Channel Properties

Maths

Simple Maths Functions (Filter , Scale & Offset) A number of simplified maths functions are provided to avoid the need to use the expression editor for simple operations like Filtering and Scale & Offset. All other functions must be performed using the Expression Editor. Note that these functions modify the original channel they do not create a new channel. To create a new channel use the corresponding functions in the expression editor.

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Example Maths Expression

Brake Pres front [psi] / (Brake Pres front [psi] + Brake Pres Rear [psi])

Type Maths Expression

Old Method of Data Analysis

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New Method of Data Analysis

Download the data every time the car enters Begin with the vital channels such as: Engine temps, pressures Battery voltages Then look at the performance data Listen to the driver Observe first what the car is doing and then try to understand why

Reliability and Safety

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Program

Channel Reports Temperatures Pressures Battery Voltages Useful Tips

Using the Channel Reports

Main and reference lap details All laps channel report Selected laps (main and overlay) channel report Selected laps channel h l report by sectors

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Zoom out to Entire Run

Temperature Sensors
Three major types of sensors: Thermistor Thermocouple Infrared

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Reading Temperatures

Max Engine Temp

The maximum temps for each channel by lap

Engine Temperature Problem

Engine Temp too high

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Pressure Sensors
Different sensors available in Absolute or Gauge S Standard a da d se sensors so s ranges a ges from o 0 2000 000 PSI S Can measure Fuel and Oil Pressure

Reading Pressures

Pressure summary per lap

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Oil Pressure Problem

Fuel Pressure Problem

Fuel Pressure low

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Reading Battery Voltages

Battery Voltage looks noisy

Useful Tips

Max and Min lines in blue and red

Oil Pressure decreasing with Engine Temp

Battery voltage now looks fine

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Annotations

Evaluating Driver Performance

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Driver Analysis Channels

Engine RPM Wheel Speed Comparing Laps Throttle Position Steering Lateral and Longitudinal G Brake Pressure

Reading Engine RPM Trace

Upshift Downshift Straight Wheelspin

Braking

Corner

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Wheel Speed Sensors

Toothed wheel and sensor arrangement Accurate calibration in Dash/ECU software is required
Measurement
Vehicle speed Lap by lap speed comparisons Wheel lockups under braking Driven wheels slip

Sensors required
Wheel speed Wheel speed, lap beacon Wheel speeds, front and rear Wheel speeds, front and rear Wheel speed, RPM, throttle position Wheel speed,

Outcome
Top speed, minimum corner speeds, corrected ground speed, corner Compare each lap for speed, overlay to find driver mistakes or faster race lines Brake locking into corners, help determine incorrect setup Diagnose traction problems, evaluate driver performance, find the slip ratio of the driving wheels Create accurate gearing charts to see whether gear selection is correct, driver analysis Create visual representations of the track for reference when examining data, virtual segment time. Extensive driver analysis through lap overlays, minimum and maximum speed comparisons, and accelerating/braking efficiency.

Gear selection trace

Track Mapping

Accelerometer, Beacon Wheel speed, G sensor

Driver analysis

Reading a Wheel Speed Trace

Each wheel speed value at the cursor

The Min, M Max, A Average wheel speed values

The four wheel speeds overlayed against each other 1Hz GPS Speed trace

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Comparing Laps - Overlays

Reference Lap (Black) Main Lap (Red)

Faster

Where Did I Lose Time?

Where biggest gain is made?

Higher minimum corner speed d

Brakes being released

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Overlayed Track Map

Both cars as they compare to each other in that part of the lap

Throttle Position Sensors

Measurement Throttle position Throttle histogram Average throttle Accelerator cable Pedal Throttle speed Brake position Brake speed Linear potentiometer Clutch position Driver analysis

Sensors required Throttle Throttle Throttle Throttle Brake pedal, brakes pressures Brake pedal position Clutch position Throttle, G sensor, RPM

Outcome Use of the engine, Time at full speed Quantify handling See the agressivity of the driver on the throttle/pedal See how the and when the drier brakes Braking speed, reactivity Driver ability to change gears Extensive driver analysis through lap overlays, acceleration timing.

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Reading a Throttle Trace

This is where the rear wheels have lost traction

Here you can see the driver lifting the throttle to stop the wheel spin

Steering Sensors
Rotary Sensors. Interlocking geared teeth. Can measure steering wheel rotation.

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Reading a Steering Trace

The steering trace can be visualised by displaying it as a gauge.

G Force Sensors
Can be used to measure Acceleration, Deceleration,
Cornering and Vertical Forces It is important to mount the accelerometer at (as close as possible), or directly below the centre of gravity.

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Reading a G Force Trace

G Force long and lateral alongside braking and throttle

Reading Brake Pressure Trace

Brake pressures and temps shown both on graph and as gauges for clarity.

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Driver Analysis Topics

Straight Line Acceleration Braking Analysis Understeer/Oversteer Driving Line Driver Consistency

Straight Line Acceleration

Race Starts, 0-100kmh and 0-400m times use Datum Cursor

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Straight Line Acceleration

Duration of an Upshift use Datum Cursor

Wheel Spin

Following the wheel speed traces here, you can see wheel spin where the two blue lines rise above the red and orange lines, peaking at 12km/h front to rear speed difference

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Rate of Change Measurement

You can easily measure rate change using the Datum cursor. Below see the acceleration (in KM/h/Sec) of a V8 Supercar at Phillip Island in 5th gear. You should keep this number in mind when dyno tuning your car next time.

Throttle Histogram

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Braking Analysis
Brake pressure reduction

Throttle blips from heel and toe braking

Brake Pressures

Rear brakes locking g up p

Driver releasing pedal to unlock rear wheels

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Brake Pressure Scatter Plot

Front/Rear brake pressures zoom linked to histogram Calculated brake bias channel

Of the 25,500 samples, most pressures above 180psi exist between 43% and 55% bias

Brake Pressure Scatter Plot 2

Here is a brake pressure scatter plot from a poorly performing brake system

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Wheel Lockup

In this slide, you can see where the rear right wheel speed drops significantly below the speed of the front wheels

Understeer
Speed Increases Slightly

Steering Increases leading to a Smooth Understeer

Constant Lateral GForce

Throttle lifting by Driver

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Oversteer

Rear wheel speed here is 6km/h faster than the undriven fronts The throttle is lifted to reduce the wheel spin

The steering trace and d gauge show h the h driver winding on opposite lock

Driving Line Analysis

Accelerating Cornering

This method maintains the highest minimum corner speed possible through a corner. Driving the Traction Circle is the fastest way through this corner.

Braking

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Late Apex Line

When a corner precedes a long straight, it might be better to NOT drive the Traction Circle. That is no trail braking. A later apex results in a lower minimum corner speed, but allows a faster exit speed. That p is carried down the entire length g of extra exit speed the straight.

Variance

Speed

Higher minimum speed, but cant get on the throttle as early.

0.05 seconds slower in middle of corner, but 0.15 faster down straight. Net gain = 0.10 seconds

TP

GPS Race Line Analysis

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GPS Race Line Analysis

Driver Consistency
Use Time Report
Blue = fastest section times Eclectic is the theoretical best lap time if you add up all of the fastest sections.

Fastest Rolling Lap

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Section and Split Times

Corner section times for all laps. All section times for all laps Straight section times for all laps Times from the split beacons from all laps Split times and section markers for selected lap

Evaluating Chassis Performance

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Program

Brake Temperatures Linear Potentiometers Suspension Analysis Damper Histogram Tyre Temperatures

Brake Temp Sensor

Working temperature of your brake y Are your ducts cooling efficiently?

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Brake Temp Analysis

From the brake pad manufacturer know the temperature p range g within the braking g system y is operating at its peak performance From the data we can see if we are achieving the desired temperatures. Then decide what we need to do with brake ducts

Brake Temp Data

Entire race

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Brake Temp Data

Single Lap

Linear Potentiometers

Standard lengths from 50mm to 200mm Uses include position measurement of

suspension, pedals, levers etc.

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Installation and Calibration

The most common installation configuration for

linear p potentiometers is on the shock absorber

Suspension Analysis
In this example, the front suspension goes negative under braking. Therefore, for suspension position, bump or compression is negative. This is the easiest convention for people to follow.

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Talk to the Driver

The experience of your driver, the comments that he gives and the way he feels the car will all affect the analysis of the data. Is there a balance problem in just one corner? Or is it in all right handers? Zoom into the corner(s) and look at what the damper position is at each corner of the car with relation to the G trace and other channels

Damper Histogram
To spend more time in a region, stiffen that region. To spend less time in a region, soften that region. Graph of AMOUNT OF TIME spent at different DAMPER SPEEDS

Low Speed Rebound Bump

High Speed

High Speed

A few tips about the damper speed histogram: It can really only be used for a whole lap (the linear potentiometers must be in the same position at the beginning and the end of the damper analysis) Always use the same number of bins Use a Min and Max such that the whole shock speed histogram covers 95% of the measured shock speeds Always use the same numbers for the Max and Min shock speed (for later comparison) The shape of the histogram should be symmetrical The shock speed histogram can also be used to tune the spring and Anti Roll Bar Always use the same scale on the Y axis (for later comparison)

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Damper Histogram Analysis

Example of gain made using damper histogram analysis
Damper Histogram with modified damper settings

Damper histogram with initial bump/rebound settings

Tyre Temp Sensors

Ti

Tc

To

RIGHT TYRE
IR temp Sensor installation

Example of tyre Temp installation

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Tyre Temps Quick Guide

TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE TINSIDE < < < > > > = = = TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE TCENTRE < > = < > = < > = TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE TOUTSIDE Not enough camber, or too much toe in. Tyre pressure too high. Not enough camber, or tyre pressure too high and too much toe in. Tyre pressure too low. Too much camber, or too much toe out. Too much camber, or tyre pressure too low and too much toe out. Not enough camber, or tyre pressure too low and too much toe in. Too much camber, or tyre pressure too high and too much toe out. OK

Tyre Temp Sensors

On the right part of the graph, the temperatures are the ones as seen in the pits when the car stops. On the left part of the graph, you get an idea of what is really happening on the track.

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Tyre Temp Sensors

Corner temps

Data Maintenance

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Contents

Weekend Checklist Organising Log Files Details Editor Exporting Data Summary Sheet Setup Sheets

Weekend Checklist
Start of Weekend

Update Details Editor Event General comments about meeting or test session. Venue Track name and the directory to which log files will be placed (very important). Vehicle Update any changes since the vehicle last ran, including gear ratios. Check Sensors Use Monitor Active Channels or scrolling through the Warm-up page on the dash to check that all sensor values are appropriate for that sensor and fix any that are wrong. Zero Sensors If required zero G Sensors, Suspension Sensors, Steering, etc. Logging Check that logging templates loaded are appropriate for the day. For instance a template configured for race logging with slower rates and fewer channels than practice logging might be loaded from the previous race. Venue Dependant Variables p for Lap p Time Gain/Loss change. g Load new Reference Laps Beacons and Lap Times Make sure that the Beacon Receiver is on the correct side of the car, or GPS coordinates are correct. Details Editor Update any changes made to the vehicle and enter details about the session (practice, qualifying, race, etc.). Make sure that you collect your Beacon Transmitter.

Before/After each session

At the end of the day

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Organising Log Files

Organising your logged data into specific

folders for events so y you can access them quickly
Organise by Venue and Year

In Dash Manager you can setup the directory that you want all your log files to go when you download the data

View / Edit Details

5 ways to Edit Details:

File 1

File 2

1) Pull-down menu Tools / Details 2) In the open file window 3) Icon on toolbar 4) Shortcut key Ctrl-D 5) F8, then icon

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Edit Details
Chassis # or Car #, used for the name of the Excel setup sheet.

Shows in open window

Doesnt show in open window

Exporting Data

Export to Matlab, .csv file or to the clipboard for use in Excel, etc. For Component export, only the channels shown get exported. For File export, all channels get exported. All data is exported at the same rate.

Exporting to .ld file allows you to share your data with another competitor but only the channels you have graphed.

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Exporting Channel Report Data

Creating a Summary Sheet

Export the channel reports and paste in Excel.

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Setup Sheets

Excel sheet for importing constants to be used in math equations, which can vary by session. This file can be located anywhere, just make sure you enable macros. Exit Excel once finished making changes.

You must enter the date & time of your download.

You can delete columns which arent in use. You can create your own columns, names and select units.
Roll equation uses Track Front & Track Rear

You can leave blanks where the value doesnt change from session to session.

Keyboard Shortcuts

See the Help File for a complete list of Keyboard Shortcuts

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Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts 2

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Keyboard Shortcuts 3

Keyboard Shortcuts 4

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