LM19

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LM19 2.4V, 10A, TO-92 Temperature Sensor

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FEATURES
Rated for Full 55C to +130C Range Available in a TO-92 Package Predictable Curvature Error Suitable for Remote Applications UL Recognized Component

DESCRIPTION
The LM19 is a precision analog output CMOS integrated-circuit temperature sensor that operates over a 55C to +130C temperature range. The power supply operating range is +2.4 V to +5.5 V. The transfer function of LM19 is predominately linear, yet has a slight predictable parabolic curvature. The accuracy of the LM19 when specified to a parabolic transfer function is 2.5C at an ambient temperature of +30C. The temperature error increases linearly and reaches a maximum of 3.8C at the temperature range extremes. The temperature range is affected by the power supply voltage. At a power supply voltage of 2.7 V to 5.5 V the temperature range extremes are +130C and 55C. Decreasing the power supply voltage to 2.4 V changes the negative extreme to 30C, while the positive remains at +130C. The LM19's quiescent current is less than 10 A. Therefore, self-heating is less than 0.02C in still air. Shutdown capability for the LM19 is intrinsic because its inherent low power consumption allows it to be powered directly from the output of many logic gates or does not necessitate shutdown at all.

APPLICATIONS
Cellular Phones Computers Power Supply Modules Battery Management FAX Machines Printers HVAC Disk Drives Appliances

KEY SPECIFICATIONS
Accuracy at +30C 2.5 C (max) Accuracy at +130C & 55C 3.5 to 3.8 C (max) Power Supply Voltage Range +2.4V to +5.5V Current Drain 10 A (max) Nonlinearity 0.4 % (typ) Output Impedance 160 (max) Load Regulation 0A < IL< +16 A

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Copyright 20012013, Texas Instruments Incorporated

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

LM19
SNIS122E MAY 2001 REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com

Typical Application
Output Voltage vs Temperature

VO = (3.88106T2) + (1.15102T) + 1.8639 or

where: T is temperature, and VO is the measured output voltage of the LM19.

Figure 1. Full-Range Celsius (Centigrade) Temperature Sensor (55C to +130C) Operating from a Single Li-Ion Battery Cell
Temperature (T) +130C +100C +80C +30C +25C 0C 30C 40C 55C Typical VO +303 mV +675 mV +919 mV +1515 mV +1574 mV +1863.9 mV +2205 mV +2318 mV +2485 mV

Connection Diagram

Figure 2. TO-92 Package Number LP

These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

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LM19
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)

Supply Voltage Output Voltage Output Current Input Current at any pin (2) Storage Temperature Maximum Junction Temperature (TJMAX) ESD Susceptibility (3) Lead Temperature (1) Human Body Model Machine Model TO-92 Package Soldering (3 seconds dwell) +6.5V to 0.2V (V+ + 0.6 V) to 0.6 V 10 mA 5 mA 65C to +150C +150C 2500 V 250 V +240C

(2) (3)

Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. For ensured specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The specified specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. When the input voltage (VI) at any pin exceeds power supplies (VI < GND or VI > V+), the current at that pin should be limited to 5 mA. The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin.

Operating Ratings (1)

Specified Temperature Range 2.4 V V+ 2.7 V 2.7 V V+ 5.5 V Supply Voltage Range (V ) Thermal Resistance, JA (2) (1) TO-92
+

TMIN TA TMAX 30C TA +130C 55C TA +130C +2.4 V to +5.5 V 150C/W

(2)

Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. For ensured specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The specified specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. The junction to ambient thermal resistance (JA) is specified without a heat sink in still air.

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LM19
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Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for V+ = +2.7 VDC. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX ; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C; Unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Temperature to Voltage Error VO = (3.88106T2) + (1.15102T) + 1.8639V (3) Conditions TA = +25C to +30C TA = +130C TA = +125C TA = +100C TA = +85C TA = +80C TA = 0C TA = 30C TA = 40C TA = 55C Output Voltage at 0C Variance from Curve Non-Linearity (4) Sensor Gain (Temperature Sensitivity or Average Slope) to equation: VO=11.77 mV/CT+1.860V Output Impedance Load Regulation
(7)

Typical (1)

LM19C Limits (2) 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.8

Units (Limit) C (max) C (max) C (max) C (max) C (max) C (max) C (max) C (min) C (max) C (max) V C %

+1.8639 1.0 20C TA +80C 30C TA +100C 0.4 11.77 11.0 12.6 160 2.5 +3.7 +11 4.5 4.5 4.5 +0.7 11 V +0.8 V
+

mV/C (min) mV/C (max) (max) mV (max) mV/V (max) mV (max) A (max) A (max) A (max) A nA/C A

0 A IL +16 A (5) (6) 0 A IL +16 A

(5) (6)

Line Regulation (8) Quiescent Current

+2. 4 V V+ +5.0V +5.0 V V+ +5.5 V +2. 4 V V+ +5.0V +5.0V V +5.5V +2. 4 V V+ +5.0V
+

7 9 10

Change of Quiescent Current Temperature Coefficient of Quiescent Current Shutdown Current (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

+2. 4 V V+ +5.5V

0.02

Typicals are at TJ = TA = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Limits are ensured to AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Accuracy is defined as the error between the measured and calculated output voltage at the specified conditions of voltage, current, and temperature (expressed inC). Non-Linearity is defined as the deviation of the calculated output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the temperature range specified. Negative currents are flowing into the LM19. Positive currents are flowing out of the LM19. Using this convention the LM19 can at most sink 1 A and source +16 A. Load regulation or output impedance specifications apply over the supply voltage range of +2.4V to +5.5V. Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance. Line regulation is calculated by subtracting the output voltage at the highest supply input voltage from the output voltage at the lowest supply input voltage.

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LM19
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Typical Performance Characteristics

Temperature Error vs. Temperature
5 4 3 ERROR ( C) 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 MIN Limit Typical MAX Limit

Thermal Response in Still Air

TEMPERATURE (C)

LM19 TRANSFER FUNCTION

The LM19's transfer function can be described in different ways with varying levels of precision. A simple linear transfer function, with good accuracy near 25C, is
VO= 11.69 mV/C T + 1.8663 V (1)

Over the full operating temperature range of 55C to +130C, best accuracy can be obtained by using the parabolic transfer function
VO = (3.88106T2) + (1.15102T) + 1.8639 (2)

solving for T:
(3)

A linear transfer function can be used over a limited temperature range by calculating a slope and offset that give best results over that range. A linear transfer function can be calculated from the parabolic transfer function of the LM19. The slope of the linear transfer function can be calculated using the following equation:
m = 7.76 106 T 0.0115

where
T is the middle of the temperature range of interest and m is in V/C. (4)

For example for the temperature range of Tmin = 30 to Tmax = +100C:

T = 35C

and
m = 11.77 mV/C

The offset of the linear transfer function can be calculated using the following equation:
b = (VOP(Tmax) + VOP(T) m (Tmax+T))/2

where
VOP(Tmax) is the calculated output voltage at Tmax using the parabolic transfer function for VO. VOP(T) is the calculated output voltage at T using the parabolic transfer function for VO. (5)

Using this procedure the best fit linear transfer function for many popular temperature ranges was calculated in Table 1. As shown in Table 1 the error that is introduced by the linear transfer function increases with wider temperature ranges.

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LM19
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Table 1. First Order Equations Optimized For Different Temperature Ranges

Temperature Range Tmin (C) 55 40 30 -40 10 +35 +20 Tmax (C) +130 +110 +100 +85 +65 +45 +30 Linear Equation VO= 11.79 mV/C T + 1.8528 V 11.77 mV/C T + 1.8577 V 11.77 mV/C T + 1.8605 V 11.67 mV/C T + 1.8583 V 11.71 mV/C T + 1.8641 V 11.81 mV/C T + 1.8701 V 11.69 mV/C T + 1.8663 V Maximum Deviation of Linear Equation from Parabolic Equation (C) 1.41 0.93 0.70 0.65 0.23 0.004 0.004

Mounting
The LM19 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface. The temperature that the LM19 is sensing will be within about +0.02C of the surface temperature to which the LM19's leads are attached. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature measured would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature. To ensure good thermal conductivity the backside of the LM19 die is directly attached to the GND pin. The tempertures of the lands and traces to the other leads of the LM19 will also affect the temperature that is being sensed. Alternatively, the LM19 can be mounted inside a sealed-end metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM19 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often used to ensure that moisture cannot corrode the LM19 or its connections. The thermal resistance junction to ambient (JA) is the parameter used to calculate the rise of a device junction temperature due to its power dissipation. For the LM19 the equation used to calculate the rise in the die temperature is as follows:
TJ = TA + JA [(V+ IQ) + (V+ VO) IL]

where
IQ is the quiescent current and ILis the load current on the output. (6)

Since the LM19's junction temperature is the actual temperature being measured care should be taken to minimize the load current that the LM19 is required to drive. Table 2 summarizes the rise in die temperature of the LM19 without any loading, and the thermal resistance for different conditions. Table 2. Temperature Rise of LM19 Due to Self-Heating and Thermal Resistance (JA)
TO-92 no heat sink JA (C/W) Still air Moving air 150 TBD TJ TA (C) TBD TBD JA (C/W) TBD TBD TO-92 small heat fin TJ TA (C) TBD TBD

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LM19
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Capacitive Loads
The LM19 handles capacitive loading well. Without any precautions, the LM19 can drive any capacitive load less than 300 pF as shown in Figure 3. Over the specified temperature range the LM19 has a maximum output impedance of 160 . In an extremely noisy environment it may be necessary to add some filtering to minimize noise pickup. It is recommended that 0.1 F be added from V+ to GND to bypass the power supply voltage, as shown in Figure 4. In a noisy environment it may even be necessary to add a capacitor from the output to ground with a series resistor as shown in Figure 4. A 1 F output capacitor with the 160 maximum output impedance and a 200 series resistor will form a 442 Hz lowpass filter. Since the thermal time constant of the LM19 is much slower, the overall response time of the LM19 will not be significantly affected.

Figure 3. LM19 No Decoupling Required for Capacitive Loads Less than 300 pF

Table 3. LM19 with Filter for Noisy Environment and Capacitive Loading greater than 300 pF
R () 200 470 680 1k C (F) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

Either placement of resistor as shown above is just as effective.

Figure 4. LM19 with Filter for Noisy Environment and Capacitive Loading greater than 300 pF

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SNIS122E MAY 2001 REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com

Applications Circuits
V+ R3 VTEMP VT1 R4 4.1V LM4040 U3 R1 VT (High = overtemp alarm) VT2

0.1 PF

R2

+ U1 -

VOUT LM7211

VOUT

VT1 =
V+ LM19 VTemp U2

(4.1)R2 R2 + R1||R3 (4.1)R2||R3 R1 + R2||R3

VT2 =

Figure 5. Centigrade Thermostat

Figure 6. Conserving Power Dissipation with Shutdown

Figure 7. Suggested Connection to a Sampling Analog to Digital Converter Input Stage Most CMOS ADCs found in ASICs have a sampled data comparator input structure that is notorious for causing grief to analog output devices such as the LM19 and many op amps. The cause of this grief is the requirement of instantaneous charge of the input sampling capacitor in the ADC. This requirement is easily accommodated by the addition of a capacitor. Since not all ADCs have identical input stages, the charge requirements will vary necessitating a different value of compensating capacitor. This ADC is shown as an example only. If a digital output temperature is required please refer to devices such as the LM74.

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LM19
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REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision D (March 2013) to Revision E Page

Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ............................................................................................................ 8

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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

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18-Oct-2013

PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device LM19CIZ/LFT4 LM19CIZ/NOPB Status
(1)

Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty TO-92 TO-92 LP LP 3 3 2000 1800

Eco Plan
(2)

Lead/Ball Finish
(6)

MSL Peak Temp

(3)

Op Temp (C) LM19 CIZ -55 to 130 LM19 CIZ

Device Marking
(4/5)

Samples

ACTIVE ACTIVE

Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

SN | CU SN SN | CU SN

N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type

(1)

The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)

Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)

MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.

(4)

(5)

Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)

Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

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18-Oct-2013

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 2

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