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Structural Health Monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves implementing a strategy to detect and characterize damage in engineering structures using sensors to monitor the structure over time. The goals of SHM are to assess the current state of the structure, identify any damage after extreme events, and provide information on the structure's ability to function as intended over its lifespan. Key aspects of SHM include extracting damage-sensitive features from sensor data, analyzing these features statistically to determine the structure's condition, and periodically updating assessments of the structure's integrity and remaining useful life.

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136 views3 pages

Structural Health Monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves implementing a strategy to detect and characterize damage in engineering structures using sensors to monitor the structure over time. The goals of SHM are to assess the current state of the structure, identify any damage after extreme events, and provide information on the structure's ability to function as intended over its lifespan. Key aspects of SHM include extracting damage-sensitive features from sensor data, analyzing these features statistically to determine the structure's condition, and periodically updating assessments of the structure's integrity and remaining useful life.

Uploaded by

Khaja Mohiddin
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

The process of implementing a damage detection and characterization strategy for engineering structures is referred to as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Here damage is defined as changes to the material and/or geometric properties of a structural system, including changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, which adversely affect the systems performance. The SHM process involves the observation of a system over time using periodically sampled dynamic response measurements from an array of sensors, the extraction of damagesensitive features from these measurements, and the statistical analysis of these features to determine the current state of system health. For long term SHM, the output of this process is periodically updated information regarding the ability of the structure to perform its intended function in light of the inevitable aging and degradation resulting from operational environments. After extreme events, such as earthquakes or blast loading, SHM is used for rapid condition screening and aims to provide, in near real time, reliable information regarding the integrity of the structure.

Health Assessment of Engineered Structures of Bridges, Buildings and other related infrastructures
Commonly known as Structural Health Assessment (SHA) or SHM, this concept is widely applied to various forms of infrastructures, especially as countries all over the world enter into an even greater period of construction of various infrastructures ranging from bridges to skyscrapers. Especially so when damages to structures are concerned, it is important to note that there are stages of increasing difficulty that require the knowledge of previous stages, namely: 1) Detecting the existence of the damage on the infrastructure 2) Locating the damage 3) Identifying the types of damage 4) Quantifying the severity of the damage It is necessary to employ signal processing and statistical classification to convert sensor data on the infrastructural health status into damage info for assessment.

Operational Evaluation
Operational evaluation attempts to answer four questions regarding the implementation of a damage identification capability: i) what are the life-safety and/or economic justification for performing the SHM? ii) How is damage defined for the system being investigated and, for multiple damage possibilities, which cases are of the most concern? iii) What are the conditions, both operational and environmental, under which the system to be monitored functions? iv) What are the limitations on acquiring data in the operational environment? Operational evaluation begins to set the limitations on what will be monitored and how the monitoring will be accomplished. This evaluation starts to tailor the damage identification process to features that are unique to the system being monitored and tries to take advantage of unique features of the damage that is to be detected.

The Fundamental Axioms of SHM


Axiom I: All materials have inherent aws or defects; Axiom II: The assessment of damage requires a comparison between two system states; Axiom III: Identifying the existence and location of damage can be done in an unsupervised learning mode, but identifying the type of damage present and the damage severity can generally only be done in a supervised learning mode; Axiom IVa: Sensors cannot measure damage. Feature extraction through signal processing and statistical classication is necessary to convert sensor data into damage information; Axiom IVb: Without intelligent feature extraction, the more sensitive a measurement is to damage, the more sensitive it is to changing operational and environmental conditions; Axiom V: The length- and time-scales associated with damage initiation and evolution dictate the required properties of the SHM sensing system; Axiom VI: There is a trade-off between the sensitivity to damage of an algorithm and its noise rejection capability; Axiom VII: The size of damage that can be detected from changes in system dynamics is inversely proportional to the frequency range of excitation.

SHM Components
SHM System's elements include: Structure Sensors Data acquisition systems Data transfer and storage mechanism Data management Data interpretation and diagnosis: 1) System Identification 2) Structural model update 3) Structural condition assessment 4) Prediction of remaining service life An example of this technology is embedding sensors in structures like bridges and aircraft. These sensors provide real time monitoring of various structural changes like stress and strain. In the case of civil engineering structures, the data provided by the sensors is usually transmitted to a remote data acquisition centres. With the aid of modern technology, real time control of structures (Active Structural Control) based on the information of sensors is possible

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