IMPROVEMENT IN WORKABILITY AND STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH FLAKY AND ELONGATED AGGREGATES

M R Vyawahare, B.N.College of Engineering Pusad, India P O Modani*, B.N.College of Engineering Pusad, India
34th Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 16 - 18 August 2009, Singapore

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34th Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 16 18 August 2009, Singapore

IMPROVEMENT IN WORKABILITY AND STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH FLAKY AND ELONGATED AGGREGATES
M R Vyawahare, B.N.College of Engineering Pusad, India P O Modani*, B.N.College of Engineering Pusad, India

Abstract Flakiness index and elongation index are important physical properties of mineral aggregates which affect the quality of concrete mixes. The presence of flaky and elongated aggregates beyond certain limits decreases compressive strength and causes extreme harshness in concrete mixes. The objective of this study is to improve the workability and strength of concrete with flaky and elongated aggregates using superplasticizer and mineral admixture and to determine the allowable percentages of these aggregates in the concrete mixes without adversely affecting the characteristics of the mix.
Keywords: Flakiness Index, Elongation Index, Workability, Superplasticizer, Admixture 1. INTRODUCTION Concrete may be defined as mixture of water, cement or binder, sand and aggregate, where the water and cement or binder form the paste and the aggregate forms the inert filler. In absolute volume terms the aggregate amounts to 60-80% of the volume of concrete and is, therefore, the major constituent of the concrete [1]. They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. To know more about the concrete it is essential that one should know more about the aggregates. Since the aggregate characteristics are critical to the performance of the concrete mixes. The flaky and elongated aggregate are avoided for making quality concrete. The presence of flaky and elongated aggregates beyond certain limits increases the degradation of the concrete mixes [2]. The presence of high percentage of flaky and elongated aggregates makes the mix harsh and difficult to work with. An attempt has been made in this investigation to study the feasibility of use of such aggregate in concrete without compromising with the strength and workability. The combine effect of superplasticizer, fly ash which acts as additional powder content was thought of for increasing workability of the concrete. Since the long term properties of hardened concrete: strength, volume, stability and durability are seriously affected by its degree of compaction, it is vital that the consistency or the workability of the fresh concrete be such that the concrete can be properly compacted, transported, placed and finished sufficiently easily without segregation [3]. In considering workability of concrete, it is pointed out that

concrete should not segregate i.e. it has to be cohesive. Full compaction can only be achieved in the absence of segregation. !ncrease in powder content helps in converting a harsh mix into cohesive mix and the use of plasticizer allows less w2c ratio to be used for getting maximum strength. Keeping in view above two things fly ash and superplasticizer were added to obtain acceptable workability and strength for a concrete with flaky and elongated coarse aggregate. !t is well known that shape of aggregate plays very important role in 3%haping4 the properties of concrete -5/. 6et very little attention is given in controlling the shape characteristics to optimize the properties of concrete. The !ndian standard codes do not even*mention the limits for #longation and Flakiness -7/. 8ther codes also hardly specify limits of flakiness and elongation index of coarse aggregate in concrete to be used for different purposes. This paper deals with the study to improve the workability and strength of concrete with flaky and elongated aggregate" and to determine the allowable percentages of these aggregates in the concrete mixes without adversely affecting the characteristics of the mix.

.% OB/ECTIVES
The objectives of the study are 9i: 9ii: To investigate the effect of flaky and elongated aggregates on the strength and workability of concrete To improve the strength and workability of concrete with elongated and flaky aggregates To determine the most suitable percentage of flaky and elongated aggregates in the concrete mixes.

9iii:

0% MATERIALS 'oarse aggregate used for the investigation for part . were chips of kota stone formed during dressing of stone. The properties of coarse aggregates are given in table .. The normal coarse aggregate used in part 0 were crushed granite passing through 0) mm !% sieve and with specific gravity 0.;1. Table.. <roperties of Flaky and #longated 'oarse &ggregate <roperty %pecific >ravity Flakiness !ndex #longation !ndex @ulk Aensity =alue 0.(1 +(.)+, ;?..7, .1(1 kg2mB

8rdinary <ortland cement of grade 71was used as a binder. Fine aggregate used was river sand with fineness modulus 0.0;. %ulphonated Capthalene <olymer was used as superplasticizer which meets the requirements of &%TD '5?5 9Type & and >: and @% 7);7 for high range water reducing and retarding admixtures as well as !% ?.)1*.???. Fly ash passing through ()) micron !% sieve was used to increase the powder content" whereas superplasticizer was used to reduce the $2' ratio. The combine effect of these materials was thought of increasing workability. 1% E2PERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION #xperimental investigations were carried out based on series of laboratory tests. #ntire investigation was divided into two parts. !n first part tests were conducted to study the effect of $2' ratio" dose of superplasticizer" percentage of fly ash on workability and compressive strength of the concrete with only flaky and elongated aggregate" and effort was made to decide the most effective ratio of the above ingredients. !n later part attempt was made to determine the effect of partial replacement of normal coarse aggregate with flaky and elongated aggregates in concrete mixes.

1%, Par# ,. The mix proportions adopted for making mixes was . ..7 0.07 ratio of 'ement Fine &ggregate 'oarse &ggregate. !n first part .. mixes were prepared three each for $2' ratio of ).17" ).5) and ).57 and dose of superplasticizer was varied between ).5, to ..0, for each mix. Two additional mixes for $2' ratio ).5) and dose of superplasticizer ).+) were prepared varying the proportion of fly ash as shown in table0. Table0. Aetails of the Dixes Dix Co. $2' Eatio ).17 ).5) ).57 ).5) 'ement Fine &ggregate ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 ..7 'oarse &ggregate 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 Fly &sh %uperplasticizer , ).5) ).+) ..0) ).5) ).+) ..0) ).5) ).+) ..0) ).+) ).+)

D. D0 D1 D5 D7 D( D; D+ D? D.) D.. 1%. Par# .

. . . . . . . . . . .

).07 ).07 ).07 ).07 ).07 ).07 ).07 ).07 ).07 ).)) ).5)

&fter analyzing the results obtained in part ." the mixes were prepared to study the effect of partial replacement of normal coarse aggregate 9passing through 0)mm !% sieve: with flaky and elongated coarse aggregate. The mix proportions adopted for this part was . ..7 1 with $2' ratio ).5)" fraction of fly ash ).07 and dose of superplasticizer as ).+),. the variation of flaky and elongated aggregate were as shown in table 1. Table 1. Aetails of Dixes Dix Co. D.0 D.1 D.5 D.7 Cormal .)) , +) , () , 5) , 'oarse &ggregate Flaky and #longated ), 0) , 5) , () ,

For each mix 1 cubes of size .7)x.7)x.7)mm were cast. &ll the mixes were tested for slump value and compaction factor for comparing workability of the mixes. $hile testing" cohesivity of the mixes was observed and noted. &fter ; days of curing cubes were tested for compressive strength. 3% RES-LTS AND DISC-SSIONS 3%, Par# ,% The test results of the part .. were discussed and shown below in table 5

Table 5. Test results for part .. Dix C8. D. D0 D1 D5 M3 D( D; D+ D? D.) D.. %lump =alue" mm ) .) %hear %lump 05 33 ?) 1. 5) %hear %lump .0 7 'ompaction Factor ).(.1 ).;) ).()7 ).+.5 4%56, ).+17 ).+.. ).+1( ).+.. ).;17 ).+)? 'ompressive %trength9;days:" D<a .0.+ .7... 5.17 .(.)) ,5%00 +.77 +.17 ...77 5.55 .).0+ 1.7+ Eemarks Co remarkable segregation Co remarkable segregation %egregation observed <erfectly cohesive mix Per'e7#ly 7&he)ive $i8 %egregation observed %egregation observed %egregation observed %egregation observed =ery harsh mix %egregation observed

!t was observed from the results that at higher w2c ratio segregation takes place. For w2c ratio ).17 and ).5) increase in strength with increase in dose of superplasticizer took place. &t ..0, dose of superplasticizer segregation was observed in all the mixes 'onsistent increase in workability took place for w2c ratio ).17 and ).5). The slump values were not consistent with the compaction factor" hence not reliable. The reduction in compressive strength for mixes with ).57 w2c ratio took place because of large amount of segregation. The perfectly cohesive mix was obtained for w2c ratio ).5) .and dose of superplasticizer ).+), Fence" mix D.) and D.. were prepared for these ratios varying fraction of fly ash with ) and ).5). but these fractions of fly ash did not produce good concrete. 3%. Par# .. Eesults obtained in part . clearly show that at $2' ratio ).5)" fly ash fraction ).07 and dose of superplasticizer ).+)," the workability and compressive strength are highest and acceptable. Fence same proportions of these ingredients were used in part 0. The results were as shown in table no. 7 Table 7. Eesults of tests for <art 0. Dix C8. D.0 D.1 D.5 D.7 %lump =alue" mm ;7 (5 70 01 'ompaction Factor ).?01 ).+?7 ).+15 ).+.. 'ompressive %trength 9;days:" D<a 05.7( 01.+) 0).;+ .?.01 Eemarks <erfectly cohesive mix <erfectly cohesive mix <erfectly cohesive mix <erfectly cohesive mix

!t can be observed from table 7 that consistent decrease in compaction factor and compressive strength took place with the increase in proportion of flaky and elongated aggregate. &t the same time the compressive strength obtained for D.1 was almost same as obtained for Dix D.0 and the workability is also within acceptable limits. 9% CONCL-SIONS From the above investigation" it can be concluded that extremely flaky and elongated aggregate can also produce quality concrete which can be used for <'' works like <avements" Factory floors" Foundations. $ith the $2' ratio of ).5" dose of superplasticizer ).+) and optimum powder content 9Fly ash: ).07 the concrete with any proportion of flaky and elongated aggregate replacing normal aggregate can produce workable concrete with acceptable strength. The 0), replacement of normal aggregate with flaky and elongated aggregate has proved to be equally good as concrete made up with normal aggregate.

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