Coil-Wound Heat Exchangers

Contents.
3 Introduction 4 Characteristics
Thermal and hydraulic design

5 Mechanical design
Fabrication and special features Applications

6 Benets
Selected references

7 Coil-wound heat exchanger fabrication 8 Isothermal reactors

Characteristics Applications Benets

9 Design tools 10 Quality standards 11 Water-bath vaporisers for liqueed gases

Characteristics Benets

12 Contact

CLINSULF is a registered trademark of The Linde Group. Title-page: Coil-wound tube bundle completely fabricated

Introduction.
Coil-wound heat exchangers (CWHE) have been used in the industry since the early days, when Carl von Linde liqueed air on an industrial scale for the rst time in May 1895. Until today, more than thousand coil-wound heat exchangers have been manufactured in Lindes fabrication facilities. Coil-wound heat exchangers are compact and reliable with a broad temperature and pressure range and suitable for single phase as well as two phase streams. Multiple streams can be accommodated in one exchanger.

Characteristics.
Each coil-wound heat exchanger is designed to meet the project requirements for the thermal and hydraulic performance as well as for the mechanical design and material selection. The special features of the geometry and the possibility to use various materials allow a wide range of applications. Coil-wound heat exchangers are manufactured in stainless steel, aluminium alloy, carbon steel and special alloys. Heating surfaces of up to 40,000 square meters and more can be installed in one unit. Bundle diameters of approx. 5,500 mm and unit weights up to 250 metric tons can be manufactured in Lindes fabrication facilities. Larger diameters or higher unit weights are feasible and are assembled in Lindes assembly yards located at the coast. The coil-wound heat exchanger is known for its robustness in particular during start-up and shut-down or plant trip conditions.
Coil-wound tube bundle for the production of Liqueed Natural Gas (LNG)

Thermal and hydraulic design For the thermal and hydraulic design Lindes proprietary computer program GENIUS is used. This software determines the temperature and pressure proles of the individual streams and calculates the distribution of the tubes to the various layers. All methods for simulating heat transfer and pressure drop used by the program have been extensively tested. Lindes own research and development is complemented by the cooperation with professional R & D instituts like HTRI and HTFS.

Linde coil-wound heat exchanger on its way to jobsite

Mechanical design.
Lindes coil-wound heat exchangers are supplied in line with the major codes for the design, fabrication and testing of pressure vessels: ASME German AD-Merkblatt European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) Other codes are possible upon request. Fabrication and special features Generally a coil-wound heat exchanger comprises multiple layers of tubes wound around a centre pipe (mandrel). After assembly with the prefabricated pressure vessel (shell) the coil-wound tube bundle is suspended on top only. This proprietary suspension system allows the Linde coil-wound heat exchanger to cope easily with large temperature differences and changes during operation while effectively avoiding any kind of bundle sagging. Linde coil-wound heat exchangers are 100% self-draining. This special feature can be important e.g. during shutdown for avoiding possible corrosion defects. Applications Coil-wound heat exchangers are used for a wide range of applications as for example: Cooler/heater Liqueer Vaporiser Isothermal reactor They are used in petrochemical plants, air and gas separation plants as well as in gas liquefaction units. World-class LNG plants are equipped with Linde coil-wound heat exchangers, e. g.: Snhvit LNG Brunei LNG North West Shelf Venture Sakhalin Energy Pluto LNG

Benefits.
Broad temperature and pressure ranges Multiple uids can be treated in one exchanger Compact unit with large specic heat transfer area per volume Capable for high pressure service Robust design suitable to cope with transient off-spec conditions Integrated two-phase separator and distributor, if required No bundle sagging due to proprietary support system 100% self-draining Available in various materials Possibility for bundle temperature recording

Typical tube arrangement

Fully welded tube-to-tubesheet connections

Selected references Service ASU Ethylene Rectisol Rectisol Methanol LNG CO shift Air separation Ethylene Rectisol Air separation Ethylene Ethylene LNG LNG LNG LNG LNG NGL Methanol LNG LNG LNG LNG LNG LNG LNG LNG Ethylene Material of construction Aluminium 9 % Ni-steel 3.5 % Ni-steel Stainless steel CS/SS Aluminium Carbon steel 3.5 % Ni-steel Carbon Steel 3.5% Ni - Steel 9 % Ni-steel Carbon steel Carbon steel Aluminium Stainless steel Aluminium Aluminium Aluminium CS/SS CS/SS Aluminium Aluminium Aluminium Stainless steel Aluminium Stainless steel Aluminium Stainless steel Stainless steel Unit weight empty [metric tons] 45 96 31 90 142 25 87 65 145 39 23 110 60 170 60 90 130 60 59 40 110 180 190 60 170 60 190 60 45 Year of supply 1969 1975 1978 1984 1996 1998 1998 1998 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2009 2009 2009 Number of units supplied 5 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 2 1 2 1 4 Country of installation Germany Netherlands USA South Africa Germany South Africa Australia Argentina UAE P.R. China P.R. China Iran Germany Australia Australia Norway Norway P.R. China Norway India Brunei Russia Russia Russia Australia Australia Australia Australia U.A. Emirates

Subcooler bundle

Coil-wound heat exchanger fabrication.

Fabrication 1951

Fabrication 1973 (all aluminium)

Isothermal reactors.
Characteristics The Linde isothermal reactor is a xed-bed reactor suitable for endothermic and exothermic catalytic reactions with indirect heat transfer. Based on the steam raising design, the isothermal mode of operation results in excellent temperature characteristics for all conditions like start-up, partial load and plant upsets.

Isothermal reactor with coil-wound tube bundle inside

Applications Lindes isothermal reactor can be used for gas/gas, gas/liquid and liquid/liquid reactions. Thus being an excellent solution for various processes in the chemical industry e.g.: Methanol synthesis Shift conversion Hydrogenation Methanization CLINSULF sulfur recovery Benets Easy temperature control by adjusting the steam pressure Integrated steam drum Smooth behaviour during normal operation and fast start-up and shut-down procedures Easy and quick catalyst loading and unloading

Isothermal reactor for ammonia/ methanol co-production

Design tools.
Lindes sophisticated design tools allow the detailed 3-dimensional modelling of coil-wound heat exchangers including tie-in simulations. This contributes signicantly to the smooth installation on site.

Linde coil-wound heat exchangers for a large LNG plant during installation

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Quality standards.
Quality management and inspection is an indispensable part of our corporate strategy and therefore a managerial responsibility carried out at all levels of the company. We consider the improvement of our product quality and the continued development of our quality management system as a permanent challenge. The Schalchen plant of the Engineering Division is certied according to: EN ISO 9001 / 2000 German AD-Merkblatt ASME (U, U2, R-stamp) Manufacture license China etc.

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Water-bath vaporisers for liquefied gases.

Characteristics Lindes water-bath vaporiser are the robust and reliable solution for the gasication of cryogenic uids. The unit consists of a water vessel in which a coiled tube bundle is installed. The characteristics of the Linde steam-heated water-bath vaporisers are: The water is heated up by direct steam injection through one or more steam lances The steam ow is controlled by the water temperature During stand-by conditions, the water temperature is kept through a small steam lance at 60C Benets Excellent solution for stand-by or discon tinuous operation Availability of full capacity within seconds Reliable operation from 0 to 100 percent of nominal capacity Two or three streams of different liqueed gases can be treated in one unit Load range from approximately 500 Nm3/h up to 150,000 Nm3/h Multiple heating sources installed in one apparatus (e.g. steam and warm water) Please contact the Linde sales team for a separate brochure.

Vaporizer tube-bundle during fabrication

Designing processes constructing plants.

Lindes Engineering Division continuously develops extensive process engineering know-how in the planning, project management and construction of turnkey industrial plants. The range of products comprises: Petrochemical plants LNG and natural gas processing plants Synthesis gas plants Hydrogen plants Gas processing plants Adsorption plants Air separation plants Cryogenic plants Biotechnology plants Furnaces for petrochemical plants and reneries More than 4,000 plants worldwide document the leading position of the Engineering Division in international plant construction.

Production facilities.
At Linde Engineering Schalchen Plant over 700 skilled engineers and workers design and manufacture components and complete modules for numerous applications in process plants such as ethylene plants, hydrogen and synthesis gas plants, LNG plants and air separation plants. Production capacity totals approx. 1.3 million hours per year. In addition, the plant offers services for field installation and advice on operation. A specialised service crew is available for immediate and professional repair services.

Product range.
Aluminium plate-n heat exchangers as single units or as manifolded assemblies Cold boxes with aluminium plate-n heat exchangers, columns and vessels Coil-wound heat exchangers and isothermal reactors for chemical and petro- chemical plants Columns and pressure vessels in aluminium for cryogenic plants Spiral-welded pipes in aluminium Storage tanks for liqueed gases Steam-heated waterbath vaporisers as well as air-heated vaporisers for liqueed gases

For further information please contact: Linde AG Engineering Division, Schalchen Plant Carl-von-Linde-Strasse 15, 83342 Tacherting, Germany Phone +49.8621.85-6434, Fax +49.8621.85-6622 E-Mail: plantcomponents@linde-le.com, www.linde-plantcomponents.com

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