Mechanical-Nonlin - 13.0 - App6A - Creep Curve Fitting in MAPDL
Mechanical-Nonlin - 13.0 - App6A - Creep Curve Fitting in MAPDL
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Chapter Overview
This appendix presents an optional lecture on Creep Curve Fitting in MAPDL Prerequisite to this Appendix is Chapters 2 and 6 and a basic knowledge of the MAPDL GUI The following topics will be covered: A. Overview B Preparing B. P i the h Test T Data D C. Procedure D Curve Fitting Tips D.
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A. Overview
The thirteen creep equations discussed in Chapter 6 relate creep strain or creep strain rate to stress, temperature, and creep strain or time
The required test data is dependent on the creep equation used. Conversely, one can select a given creep equation to fit to based on available test data and observed creep behavior (primary, secondary, or both)
Curve-fitting g tools are very y useful to calculate the coefficients used in the creep equations from test data. MAPDL provides curve-fitting routines for all thirteen creep equations.
Th The test t t data d t should h ld be b prepared d in i a separate t text t t file. fil This Thi can then th be b read into the MAPDL creep curve-fitting module Calculated and experimental data can then be plotted against each other to compare the fit of the curves
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The file should contain columns that are space- or tab-delimited The header (first few lines of the file) should contain information on what variables are present. The variable notation is below:
Time Equivalent Creep Strain Equivalent Creep Strain Rate Equivalent Stress Temperature Abbreviation used in text data file time creq dcreq seqv temp
For each column of data available, put a /#,var in the header to indicate which variable is associated with which column If a variable is assumed to be constant, use /var,value in the header to indicate the value for that variable
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For example, lets assume that equivalent stress and temperature were held constant for a given creep test with values of 4000 and 100, respectively. Data for creep strain will be entered in column 1, and data for creep strain rate entered in column 2. 2 The header information (first four lines) would contain the information on constant variables and column variables The resulting text file is shown on the right right.
/seqv,4000 /temp,100 /1,creq /2,dcreq 0.00215869 0.000203055 0 00406109 0 0.00406109 0.000181314 000181314 0.00664691 0.000165303 0.0102068 0.000152217 0.0151416 0.000140946 0.0220102 0.000130945 <>
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C. Procedure
To access the Creep Curve Fitting Module, first launch the MAPDL application
This can be done from the WORKBENCH Project Page by highlighting Mechanical Mechanical APDL APDL in the Component Systems Folder and dragging and dropping it onto the Project Schematic Page Or independent of Workbench from the Start Menu
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... Procedure
If launching MAPDL fro the WB Project Schematic, highlight Analysis and RMB=> Open Mechanical APDL
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... Procedure
Navigate to the Creep Curve-fitting tools in MAPDL:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models
Structural > Nonlinear > Inelastic > Rate Dependent > Creep > Curve Fitting
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... Procedure
After selecting the Creep Curve-Fitting module, specify the prepared text file containing the test data
Use Read Read From File File to specify the data file Use Add DataSet to enable reading multiple test data files (for example, creep tests performed at multiple temperatures)
After selecting the file, the contents will be displayed in the dialog box. Select Next to continue. co t ue
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... Procedure
Specify the creep law to curve-fit to
The thirteen creep equations are categorized by primary and/or secondary creep. creep Recall that secondary creep is characterized by a constant creep strain rate. Use the guidelines discussed in Chapter 6 to select an appropriate creep law
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... Procedure
Each creep law has a different number of coefficients C1-Ci. Since the curve-fitting procedure is nonlinear, initializing the creep coefficients is important to the curve-fitting process Fixing specific coefficients is also possible to aid in the curve-fitting routine. Some coefficients can be initialized and fixed to only allow other coefficients to be solved for. for
The ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide online help provides some detailed guidelines in curve-fitting for various creep laws under Material Curve Fitting > Tips for Curve-Fitting Creep Models.
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... Procedure
The error norm can be normalized or unnormalized. The normalized method is default and gives all points equal weight.
If many of the points are clustered about a certain range, range the normalized method will emphasize that range of creep strain (rate) values with the most data points. If the unnormalized option is used, the data points will fit the larger creep strain (rate) range better, as the points with larger value have more weight.
Eunnormalized = Enormalized =
(&
N i =1 N
trial i
&iexperiment
(&
i =1
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&itrial &iexperiment
experiment 2 i
... Procedure
Regression settings, which include the maximum number of iterations and the residual and coefficient tolerances for convergence can be specified If temperature-dependency is present, this can be accounted directly in the creep equation (Arrhenius term) or by requesting temperaturedependent p coefficients to be solved for. After specification is complete, select the Solve button to perform the curve-fit. The message Solution is Completed will indicate when the curve-fitting is finished, finished and the values can be plotted with the Plot Plot button
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... Procedure
Compare the plot of experimental and fitted data
The x-axis will always be the first column of the test data, so the test data should be prepared accordingly beforehand. beforehand All of the other variables (columns) will be plotted as the y-axis If the creep fitting is suitable, select Save&Close Save&Close
The left column indicates creep laws curve-fitting fitti was performed on. To return to curve-fitting, select this tree.
The graph window is right-click sensitive, so various graph settings can be changed.
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... Procedure
When using Save & Close, the curve-fitting data is written into the MAPDL database for the selected material property number.
Once saved, saved the data can be reviewed from the Materials GUI dialogue box
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... Procedure
Please note that the curve-fitting information is available during the MAPDL session, but it is not saved with the MAPDL database. During the MAPDL session session, the user can return and change curvefitting parameters as many times as he/she likes. Be sure to keep the test data files if that information will be required later, as the test data is not saved in the MAPDL database, either.
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D. Curve-Fitting Tips
Some S basic creep curve-fitting f tips:
If a creep law is chosen but a variable is not used, fix the coefficient to a value to make that term equal q to one
For example, some creep laws contain the Arrhenius equation. If no temperature-dependent data exist, fix that coefficient to zero (making the temperature term=1) term=1).
For temperature-dependent data, users can solve the Arrhenius term or request for temperature-dependent coefficients Have an understanding of the range of values of the coefficients:
Some coefficients have units, units others may be unitless. unitless The former will vary vary, depending on your choice of units Some coefficients are multipliers and should have very tiny ranges. Unless these coefficients are initialized correctly, the curve-fitting procedure may encounter problems.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Release 13.0 December 2010
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