Data Warehouse Info

What is a data model? A data model is a diagram that uses test and symbols to represent groupings of data so that the reader can understand the actual data better. For example a spreadsheet groups data in columns, there is a column for Last Name, First Name and so on. A row on a spreadsheet would represent a record, and each column would represent a data element. A data model ta es things this idea a step further, showing not only the column heading but also how the heading relate to each other. !xample" #erson$s Name (ary ). *mith #erson$s %itle #resident &ompany Name (ary ) *mith +lobal I% &onsulting e'mail Address Web Address

m s,mary smith.com www.mary smith.com

(ichael W. Attorney &layton

-ronson, Waters . mwclayton,bwglaw.org www.bwglaw.org +reen Law Firm

Data ' %he raw facts that ha/e little meaning unless they ha/e been organi0ed in some logical manner . %he smallest piece of data that can be recogni0ed by the computer is a single character, such as the letter A, the number 1, or some symbol as 2. A single character re3uires one byte of computer storage. Field ' A character or group of characters 4alphabetic or numeric5 that has a specific meaning. A field might define a telephone number, a birth date, a customer name, a year'to'date, sales /alue, and so on. Record' A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place or thing. For example the fields that constitutes a record for a customer named 6.D. 7udd consist of 6.D. 7udd$s name, address, phone number, date of birth, credit limit, and unpaid balance. File' A collection of related records. For example, a file might contain data about /endors of 78-&87 &ompany9 or a file might contain the records for the students currently enrolled at +igantic :ni/ersity.

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&;NA(! < &ustomer Name &;#=8N! < &ustomer #hone &;ADD7!**<&ustomer Address &;>I#< &ustomer >ip

A;NA(!< Agent Name A;#=8N!< Agent #hone %#< Insurance %ype A(%<Insurance #olicy Amount 7!N< Insurance 7enewal Date

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A;NA(!< Agent Name A;#=8N!<Agent #hone #aid A;ADD7!**< Agent Address #aid >I#< Address >I# &ode =I7!D< Agent Date of =ire

?%D;#A?< ?ear'%o'Date #ay ?%D;FI%< ?ear'%o'Date Federal Income %ax ?%D;FI&A< ?ear'%o'Date *ocial *ecurity ?%D;*L*<?ear'%o'Date *ales D!#< Number of Dependents

Process Flow:

:sing the proper file terminology shown abo/e , we can identify the file components shown 4abo/e5. For example the &:*%8(!7 file contains @ records. !ach record is composed of nine fields" &;NA(!, &;#=8N!, &;ADD7!**, &;>I#, A;NA(!, A;#=8N!, &;ADD7!**, &;>I#, A;NA(!, A;#=8N!, %#, A(% and 7!N. %he six records are stored in a named file &:*%8(!7.

In this example using the &:*%8(!7 file a de/eloper wrote a program that produced /ery useful reports for the sales department"

(onthly summaries that showed the types and amount of insurance sold by each agent. 4*uch reports might be used to analy0e each agents producti/ity5 (onthly chec s to determine which customers must be contacted for renewal 7epots that analy0ed the ratios of insurance types sold by each agent #eriodic customer contacts contact letters designed to summari0e co/erage and to pro/ide /arious customer relations bonuses. %he *ales Department would represent an entity, the File (anagement #rograms would represent a particular Data (art for *AL!*, within a Data Warehouse. %he &:*%8(!7 file would be a data extract which is created within the *AL!* Data (art. %he &:*%8(!7 file is then transferred to the File 7eports #rogram, which is an application 4Web'-ase5 which produces reports of the business unit, this application would also most li ely ha/e data 3uerying capabilities. A Database (odel is a collection of logical constructs used to represent the data structure and the data relationships found within the database. Types of Relationships: 4A5 One-To-Many Relationships: A painter paints many different paintings, but each one of them is painted by only that painter. %hus the painter 4the BoneB5 is related to the paintings 4the BmanyB5. %herefore, database designers label the relationship B#AIN%!7 paints #AIN%IN+B as A"(. *imilarly a customer account 4the BoneB5 might contain many in/oices 4the BmanyB5 are related to only a single customer account. %he B&:*%8(!7 generates INC8I&!B relationship would also be labeled A"(. 4D5 Many-To-Many Relationship: An employee might learn many Eob s ills, and each Eob s ill might be learned by many employees. Database designers label the relationship B!(#L8?!! learns *)ILLB as ("N. *imilarly a student can ta e many courses, and each course can be ta en by many students, thus yielding the ("N relationship label for the relationship expressed by B*%:D!N% ta es &8:7*!B. 4F5 One-To-One Relationship: A retail company$s management structure may re3uire that each of its stores be managed by a single employee. In turn, each store manager who is an employee ' only manages a single store. %herefore, the relationship B!(#L8?!! manages *%87!B is labeled A"A. !xamples"

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Another well established /ersion of the !7D is the Bcrow$s foot modelB, the label B&rows FootB is deri/ed from the three'pronged symbol used to represent the BmanyB side of the relationship" paints #AIN%!7 #AIN%IN+

%able Name" &:*%8(!7 #rimary )ey" &:*;N:( Foreign )ey" None

%able Name" INC8I&! #rimary )ey" INC;N:(-!7 Foreign )ey" &:*;&8D!

%able Name" LIN! #rimary )ey" INC;N:(-!7 GLIN!;N:(-!7 Foreign )ey" INC;N:(-!7, #78D;&8D!

%able Name" #78D:&% #rimary )ey" #78D;&8D! Foreign )ey" None