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COLIGWS5

Colligative properties depend only on the number of solute particles and not their identity. Adding solute particles increases the boiling point and decreases the freezing point of a solution. For water, 1 mole of solute increases the boiling point by 0.52°C and decreases the freezing point by 1.86°C. These effects are described by equations relating the change in boiling or freezing point to the molality of the solution and constants specific to the solvent. The document provides examples of using the equations to calculate molality from changes in boiling or freezing point, and changes in boiling or freezing point from a given molality. It also gives practice problems calculating various colligative properties.

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3K views4 pages

COLIGWS5

Colligative properties depend only on the number of solute particles and not their identity. Adding solute particles increases the boiling point and decreases the freezing point of a solution. For water, 1 mole of solute increases the boiling point by 0.52°C and decreases the freezing point by 1.86°C. These effects are described by equations relating the change in boiling or freezing point to the molality of the solution and constants specific to the solvent. The document provides examples of using the equations to calculate molality from changes in boiling or freezing point, and changes in boiling or freezing point from a given molality. It also gives practice problems calculating various colligative properties.

Uploaded by

Rishi Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES WORKSHEET

Colligative properties are properties that depend only upon the number of solute atoms, ions, or
molecules in a solution and not on the nature of those atoms, ions or molecules. Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation are examples of colligative properties. Raoult discovered that the addition of solute particles causes the boiling point of a solution to be elevated and the freezing point to be depressed. It has been found that 1 mole of nonvolatile, nonionizing solute particles will raise the boiling point of 1.0 kg of water by 0.52 C, to 100.52C at 1 atm of pressure. The same concentration will lower the freezing point of 1.0 kg of water by 1.86C, to -1.86C. These two numbers apply only to water and are called the molal boiling point and freezing point constants for water. Other solvents have different constants. PROPERTY BOILING POINT FREEZING POINT ELEVATION DEPRESSION Boiling Point Elevation: A solution will Freezing Point Depression: A solution boil at a higher temperature than the pure will freeze at a lower temperature than solvent. the pure solvent.

Tb = i Kb m

Tf = i Kf m

Tb = change in boiling temp. in (C) Tf = change in freezing temp. in (C) EQUATION i = a unitless constant (called the vant Hoff factor) associated with the degree of dissociation of the solute in a solvent. Kb = molal boiling point elevation constant (C/m) For H2O: Kb = .52C/m m = molality of the solution i= 1 for substances that do not ionize 2 for substances which ionize into two ions like LiCl 3 for substances which ionize into three ions like CaCl2 ....etc. i may have to be calculated if a % of dissociation is given for a solute. i = a unitless constant (called the vant Hoff factor)associated with the degree of dissociation of the solute in a solvent. Kf = molal freezing point lowering constant (C/m) For H2O: Kf = 1.86C/m m = molality of the solution i= 1 for substances that do not ionize 2 for substances which ionize into two ions like LiCl 3 for substances which ionize into three ions like CaCl2 ....etc. i may have to be calculated if a % of dissociation is given for a solute.

GUIDLINES

If the solvent is not water you must find If the solvent is not water you must find its Kb. its Kf. EXAMPLE #1 If 90.0 g of nonionizing C6H12O6, are dissolved in 255 g of H2O, what will be the boiling point of the resulting solution? First calculate the molality (m) of the solution:
m = = 2.0 m g (180 )(0.255 kg of solvent) mole 92g

Next apply the boiling point elevation equation: [i = 1 for a nonionizing solute.] Tb = i Kb m Tb = (1)(0.52C/m)(2.0 m) Tb = 1.04 C BP = (Tb + 100.00 C) BP =( 1.04C + 100.00 C) = 101. 04C

CHEMISTRY
EXAMPLE #2

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES WORKSHEET

If 152 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, are dissolved in 875 g of H2O, what will be the boiling point of the resulting solution? Assume 100% ionization. First calculate the molality (m) of the solution:
152g = 1.22 m g (142 )(0.875 kg of solvent) mole Next apply the freezing point depression equation: m =

Tf = i Kf m i = 3 since each unit of Na2SO4 yields 3 ions upon dissociation. Tf = (3)(1.86 C/m)(1.22 m) Tf = 6.8C FP = 0.0C - Tf FP = 0.0C - 6.8C FP = -6.8C EXAMPLE #3 Determine the molality of a water solution if the boiling temperature is 104.42C. First solve the boiling point elevation equation for molality m. Tb = i Kbm
m = DTb i Kb

Tb i Kb
m =

= 104.4C - 100C = 4.4 C. = 1 (we can assume i is (1) for a problem of this type = 0.52 C/m

4.4C C = 8.46 m (1) (0.52 ) m

Example #4 A solution of a nonelectrolyte contains 30 g of solute dissolved in 250 g of water. The boiling point of the water is observed to be 101.04C. What is the GMM of this substance? the molality of the solution can be calculated by using: m = (Tb)/(i)(Kb) = (1.04C)/(1)(0.52C/m) = 2.0 m Then use this equation (Solve for GMM) grams = (m)(GMM)(kg of solvent)

GMM = (grams)/(m)(kg of solvent) = (30 g)/(2 moles/kg)(0.250 kg) = 60g/mole

CHEMISTRY
Practice Problems:

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES WORKSHEET


B. Calculate the molality of a water solution if the freezing point is: 6. -9.3C

A. Calculate the molality, freezing point, and boiling point for each of the following water solutions of nonionizing solutes: 1. 144 g of C6H12O6 dissolved in 1000 g of H2O

7. -27.9C 2. 48 g of CH3OH dissolved in 200 g of H2O

8. -7.44C 3. 184 g of C2H5OH dissolved in 400 g of H2O

C. Calculate the molality of a water solution if the boiling point is: 9. 103.12C 4. 600 g of C3H7OH dissolved in 600 g of H2O

10. 108. 32C 5. 100 g of of C2H6O2 dissolved in 200 g of H2O

CHEMISTRY
D. Solve the following Problems

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES WORKSHEET


14. What is the molecular mass of a substance if 22.5 g dissolved in 250 g of water produces a solution whose freezing point is -0.930C?

11. What is the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 31 g of NaCl in 559 g of water? (Assume 100% ionization of NaCl.)

12. Calculate the freezing point of an a nonionizing antifreeze solution containing 388g ethylene glycol, C2H6O2 , and 409 g of water.

15 If 4.18 g of a nonionic solute is dissolved in 36.30 g of benzene, C6H6 , the freezing point is 2.70 C. Find the molar mass of this solute. The freezing point of benzene is 5.53 C and the Kf is 5.12 C /m.

13. Calculate the boiling point of an ionic solution containing 29.7 g Na2SO4 and 84.4 g water. (Assume 100% ionization.)

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