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IES Las Encinas

This document discusses musical concepts of melody and harmony. It defines melody as a succession of pitches and durations that express a musical idea. Melodies are structured into phrases separated by cadences. Scales, accidentals, and intervals are also explained. Harmony is described as the use of different pitches played simultaneously, either creating tension through dissonance or relaxation through consonance.

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585 views

IES Las Encinas

This document discusses musical concepts of melody and harmony. It defines melody as a succession of pitches and durations that express a musical idea. Melodies are structured into phrases separated by cadences. Scales, accidentals, and intervals are also explained. Harmony is described as the use of different pitches played simultaneously, either creating tension through dissonance or relaxation through consonance.

Uploaded by

ieslasencinasmusica
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO Proyecto Bilingüe

UNIT 3:

MELODy AND HARMONy


3.1. Melody

3.1.1. Musical phrases

3.1.2. Scales

3.1.3. Accidentals

3.1.4. Intervals

3.2. Harmony

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IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO Proyecto Bilingüe

Basic Vocabulary

Accidentals: alteraciones accidentales.

Cadence: cadencia.

Chord: acorde.

Consonant: consonancia.

Disonance: disonancia.

Harmony: armonía.

Interval: intervalo.

Melody: melodía.

Minor/Major: menor/mayor

Phrase: frase.

Scale: escala.

Whole/Half step: tono y semitono.

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IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO Proyecto Bilingüe

3.1. Melody

In music, a melody is a succession of sounds, normally with different

pitches and durations, that express a musical idea.

3.1.1. Musical phrases

Melodies are structured in

sections called phrases. Phrases

are separated by cadences as

linguistic phrases are separated

by punctuation marks. A

phrase will end with a weaker

or stronger cadence

depending on if it is an

antecedent (when the musical

idea is not finished) or consequent phrase (when the musical idea is

finished).

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IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO Proyecto Bilingüe

3.1.2. Scales

A scale is a series of notes

arranged from low to high or

vice versa. Most of the music

written since the XVII century

uses two types of scales: the

major scale and the minor scale.

What really defines the type of

scale is not its first note but the

intervals used to create it.

Major scales have the following sequence of whole and half stops:

1 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½

This is the natural minor scale. Can you see the differences?

1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1

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IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO Proyecto Bilingüe

3.1.3. Accidentals

Accidentals are symbols that modify the pitch. The sharp (#) symbol raises

a note by a half-step, while the flat (b) symbol lowers the note, also by a half-

step. The becuadro cancels the effect of the sharp or the flat.

Sharp Flat Becuadro

3.1.4. Intervals

An interval measures the distance between two notes. We obtain its

name by counting the number of notes. The first and last note must be

counted and you must know the order of the musical notes to be able to count

the notes.

However, not all intervals of the same numerical classification are of the

same size. That is why we need to specify the quality by finding the exact

number of whole and half steps in the interval.

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IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO Proyecto Bilingüe

2. Harmony

In Western music, harmony is

the use of different pitches

simultaneously and often refers to

the "vertical" aspects of music,

distinguished from ideas of melodic

line, or the "horizontal" aspect.

Three or more notes

simultaneously sounded form a

chord. We can feel different sorts of

feelings when we hear a chord. Normally, we differentiate between consonant

(relax) and dissonance (tension). Typically, a dissonant chord (chord with a

tension) will become in a consonant chord. A good harmonization usually

sounds pleasant to the ear when there is a balance between the consonant

and dissonant sounds. To simplify, that occurs when there is a balance

between "tension" and "relax" moments. Due to this, tensions are usually

'prepared' and then 'resolved'.

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