LOWER ARM (posterior surface lateral-medial)

MUSCLE
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis
longus
Extensor carpi radialis
brevis
Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Supinator Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Proximal 2/3 of lateral
supracondyle ridge of
humerus
Lateral supracondyle ridge
of humerus
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus, radial collateral
and annular ligaments,
supinator fossa and crest of
ulna
Posterior surfaces of ulna,
radius and interosseous
membrane
Posterior surfaces of radius
and interosseous
membrane
Posterior surface of middle
1/3 of ulna and
interosseous membrane
Insertion
Lateral surface of distal end
of radius
Base of 2nd metacarpal Base of 3rd metacarpal
Extensor expansions of
medial four digits
Extensor expansion of 5th
digit
Lateral, posterior and
anterior surfaces of
proximal 1/3 of radius
Base of 1st metacarpal
Base of proximal phalanx of
thumb
Base of distal phalanx of
thumb
Action Flexes forearm
Extend and abduct hand at
wrist joint
Extend and abduct hand at
wrist joint
Extends medial four digits at
metacarpophalangeal
joints; Extends hand at wrist
joint
Extends 5th digit at
metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints
Supinates forearm (i.e.,
rotates radius to turn palm
anteriorly)
Abducts thumb and extends
it at carpometacarpal joint
Extends proximal phalanx of
thumb at carpometacarpal
joint
Extends distal phalanx of
thumb at carpometacarpal
and interphalangeal joints
Innervation
Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
(C5, C6, C7)
Radial nerve (C6 and C7)
(C7, C6)
Deep branch of radial nerve
(C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Deep branch of radial nerve
(C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Arterial Supply Radial recurrent artery Radial artery Radial artery
Interosseous recurrent and
posterior interosseous
arteries
Interosseous recurrent
artery
Recurrent interosseous
artery
Posterior interosseous
artery
Posterior interosseous
artery
Posterior interosseous
artery
Extensor Indicis Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of ulna
and interosseous
membrane
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus and posterior
border of ulna
Humeral head: medial
epicondyle of humerus;
Ulnar head: olecranon and
posterior border of ulna
Medial epicondyle of
humerus
Medial epicondyle of
humerus
Medial epicondyle of
humerus and coronoid
process of ulna
Humeroulnar head: medial
epicondyle of humerus,
ulnar collateral ligament,
and coronoid process of
ulna; Radial head: superior
half of anterior border of
radius
Proximal 3/4 of medial and
anterior surfaces of ulna
and interosseous
membrane
Anterior surface of radius
and adjacent interosseous
membrane
Posterior surfaces of ulna,
radius and interosseous
membrane
Extensor expansion of 2nd
digit
Base of 5th metacarpal
Pisiform bone, hook of
hamate bone, and 5th
metacarpal bone
Distal half of flexor
retinaculum and palmar
aponeurosis
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Middle of lateral surface of
radius
Bodies of middle phalanges
of digits 2 - 5
Base of the distal phalanx of
digits 2 - 5
Base of distal phalanx of
thumb
Base of 1st metacarpal
Extends 2nd digit and helps
to extend hand
Extends and adducts hand
at wrist joint
Flexes and adducts hand (at
wrist)
Flexes hand (at wrist) and
tightens palmar
aponeurosis
Flexes and abducts hand (at
wrist)
Pronates and flexes forearm
(at elbow)
Flexes middle phalanges at
proximal interphalangeal
joints of medial four digits;
acting more strongly, it also
flexes proximal phalanges at
metacarpophalangeal joints
and hand
Flexes distal phalanges at
distal interphalangeal joints
of medial four digits; assists
with flexion of hand
Flexes phalanges of 1st digit
(thumb)
Abducts thumb and
extends it at
carpometacarpal joint
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Ulnar nerve (C7 and C8) (C7,
C8)
Median nerve (C7 and C8)
(C7, C8)
Median nerve (C6 and C7)
(C6, C7)
Median nerve (C6 and C7)
(C6, C7)
Median nerve (C7, C8 and
T1) (C7, C8, T1)
Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8
and T1); Lateral part:
anterior interosseous
branch of median nerve (C8
and T1) (C8, T1)
Anterior interosseous nerve
from median nerve (C8 and
T1) (C8, T1)
Posterior interosseous
nerve (C7 and C8), the
continuation of the deep
branch of the radial nerve
(C7, C8)
Posterior interosseous
artery
Ulnar artery Ulnar artery Ulnar artery Ulnar artery
Ulnar artery, anterior
recurrent ulnar artery
Ulnar artery
Ulnar and anterior
interosseous arteries
Anterior interosseous
artery
Posterior interosseous
artery
Pronator quadratus Flexor digiti minimi
brevis
Abductor digiti minimi Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens digiti minimi Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis Interosseus muscles,
palmar
Interosseus muscles, dorsal
Distal 1/4 of anterior
surface of ulna
Hook of hamate and
flexor retinaculum
Pisiform
Flexor retinaculum and
tubercles of scaphoid
and trapezium
Flexor retinaculum and
tubercles of scaphoid
and trapezium
Hook of hamate and flexor
retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum and
tubercles of scaphoid and
trapezium
Oblique head: bases of 2nd
and 3rd metacarpals,
capitate, and adjacent
carpals; Transverse head:
anterior surface of body of
3rd metacarpal
Palmar 1 - 3: Palmar
surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th
metacarpals (unipennate
muscles)
Dorsal 1 - 4: Adjacent sides
of two metacarpals
(bipennate muscles
Distal 1/4 of anterior
surface of radius
Medial side of base of
proximal phalanx of little
finger
Medial side of base of
proximal phalanx of little
finger
Lateral side of base of
proximal phalanx of
thumb
Lateral side of base of
proximal phalanx of
thumb
Medial border of 5th
metacarpal
Lateral side of 1st
metacarpal
Medial side of base of
proximal phalanx of thumb
Palmar 1 - 3: Extensor
expansions of digits and
bases of proximal phalanges
of digits 2, 4 and 5
Dorsal 1 - 4: Extensor
expansions and bases of
proximal phalanges of digits
2 - 4
Pronates forearm; deep
fibers bind radius and ulna
together
Flexes proximal phalanx
of little (5th) finger
Abducts little (5th)
finger
Abducts thumb and
helps oppose it
Flexes thumb
Draws 5th metacarpal
anteriorly and rotates it,
bringing little finger (5th
digit) into opposition with
thumb
Draws 1st metacarpal
laterally to oppose thumb
toward center of palm and
rotates it medially
Draws 1st metacarpal
laterally to oppose thumb
toward center of palm and
rotates it medially
Palmar 1 - 3: Adduct digits
toward axial line and assist
lumbricals in flexing
metacarpophalangeal joints
and extending
interphalangeal joints
Dorsal 1 - 4: Abduct digits
from axial line and act with
lumbricals to flex
metacarpophalangeal joints
and extend interphalangeal
joints
Anterior interosseous nerve
from median nerve (C8 and
T1) (C8, T1)
Deep branch of ulnar
nerve (C8 and T1) (C8,
T1)
Deep branch of ulnar
nerve (C8 and T1) (C8,
T1)
Recurrent branch of
median nerve (C8 and
T1) (C8, T1)
Recurrent branch of
median nerve (C8 and
T1) (C8, T1)
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
(C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
Recurrent branch of median
nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
(C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
(C8 and T1) (C8, T1
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
(C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
Anterior interosseous artery Ulnar artery Ulnar artery
Superficial palmar
branch of the radial
artery
Superficial palmar
branch of the radial
artery
Ulnar artery
Superficial palmar branch of
the radial artery
Deep palmar arterial arch
Palmar 1 - 3: Palmar
metacarpal arteries
Dorsal 1 - 4: Dorsal and
palmar metacarpal arteries