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Appunti Sul Congiuntivo

The subjunctive mood in Italian expresses emotions, opinions, desires or hypothetical actions and states. It consists of a main clause connected by "che" to a subordinate clause, where the subject must be different. Certain verbs and expressions trigger the subjunctive, including verbs of hope, doubt, impersonal expressions like "it seems", and most conjunctions. The present subjunctive is formed regularly or irregularly by adding endings to the verb stem or root. Common irregular verbs are "essere", "avere" and verbs like "andare", "dare", and "fare".

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255 views4 pages

Appunti Sul Congiuntivo

The subjunctive mood in Italian expresses emotions, opinions, desires or hypothetical actions and states. It consists of a main clause connected by "che" to a subordinate clause, where the subject must be different. Certain verbs and expressions trigger the subjunctive, including verbs of hope, doubt, impersonal expressions like "it seems", and most conjunctions. The present subjunctive is formed regularly or irregularly by adding endings to the verb stem or root. Common irregular verbs are "essere", "avere" and verbs like "andare", "dare", and "fare".

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IL MODO CONGIUNTIVO

The subjunctive mood (il congiuntivo) expresses a persons emotions, opinions,


desires, or subjective attitude toward events, as well as actions or states that the
person views as uncertain or hypothetical
Consists of a main clause and a subordinate or dependent clause connected by che.
The main clause contains a verb or expression that triggers the use of the subjunctive
in the subordinate clause.
The subject of the main verb must be different from the one expressed by the
"congiuntivo"

Expressions/Verbs
that trigger the Subjunctive

o Verbs expressing hope and desire trigger the subjunctive, as do verbs of will used to
influence the actions of others.



o Verbs of opinion, doubt, and uncertainty also require the subjunctive in subordinate
clauses.



o Most Conjunctions must be followed by the subjunctive in Italian.


o Impersonal expressions trigger the use of subjunctive also.












o Here are more examples of expressions of both types.






Impersonal expression
Bisogna one needs to Sembrare it seems
bene its good Peccato its a shame
difficile its difficult, unlikely Pare it appears
facile its easy, likely Pu darsi its possible
giusto its fair strano its strange
importante its important probabile its probable
necessario its necessary meglio its better
possibile its possible normale its usual, to be
expected


La formazione del Congiuntivo



The present subjunctive is formed by adding the characteristics endings to the stem of the
verb.

Verbs ending in care and gare add an h between the stem and the ending to maintain the hard
sound of the c or g (paghi,paghi, paghi, paghiamo, paghiate, paghino).
Verbs ending in ciare and giare do not double the i when forming the subjunctive (mangi, mangi,
mangi, mangiamo, mangiate, mangino). The only exception is when the I in the infinitive is
stressed, as in the verb sciare(scii, scii, scii, sciamo, sciate, sciino).


La formazione del Congiuntivo presente
Verbi Irregolari

These following verbs have irregular forms in the present subjunctive, including ESSERE, and AVERE.

o ESSERE e AVERE are also irregular in the present subjunctive

essere avere
sia ab bia
sia abbia
sia abbia
siamo abbiamo
siate abbiate
siano abbiano




io tu lei/lui/Lei noi voro loro

1 conjugazione
andare vada vada vada andiamo andiate vadano
dare dia dia dia diamo diate diano
fare faccia faccia faccia facciamo facciate facciano
stare stia stia stia stiamo stiate stiano

2 conjugazione

bere beva beva beva beviamo beviate bevano
dovere debba debba debba dobbiamo dobbiate debbano
potere possa possa possa possiamo possiate possano
rimanere rimanga fimanga rimanga rimaniamo rimaniate rimangano
sapere sappia sappia sappia sappiamo sappiate sappiano
scegliere scelga scelga scelga scegliamo scegliate scelgano
volere voglia voglia voglia vogliamo vogliate vogliano

3 conjugazione

dire dica dica dica diciamo diciate dicano
morire muoia muoia muoia moriamo moriate muoiano
uscire esca esca esca usciamo usciate escano
venire venga venga venga veniamo veniate vengano

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