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Text Vs Discourse

Discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond the sentence level, including conversations, interviews, speeches and written texts. It examines both linguistic and extralinguistic factors involved in communication. The field began to develop in the 1960s as linguists studied language in its social contexts. Discourse represents interactive, rule-governed language use between speakers, while text conveys meaning through written or spoken messages. Both forms use language to communicate, but discourse encompasses categorization in a language system, whereas text is limited to written form.

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Mónika Fülöp
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2K views4 pages

Text Vs Discourse

Discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond the sentence level, including conversations, interviews, speeches and written texts. It examines both linguistic and extralinguistic factors involved in communication. The field began to develop in the 1960s as linguists studied language in its social contexts. Discourse represents interactive, rule-governed language use between speakers, while text conveys meaning through written or spoken messages. Both forms use language to communicate, but discourse encompasses categorization in a language system, whereas text is limited to written form.

Uploaded by

Mónika Fülöp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The modern scientific approach considers discourse as the major form of daily vital practice

of a human being and defines it as the complex communicative phenomenon, including a part
from the text, extralinguistic factors (knowledge of the world, opinions, settings, aims of the
addresser), necessary for understanding the text.
The word discourse creates a few difficulties of being in the joint of a discipline like
!inguistics, "nthropology, #ociology, $riticism, %tnography etc. &owadays it has been
developed and it began to exist as an independent discipline.
'iscourse analysis focuses on the structure of spoken language as in conversations, interviews,
commentaries and speeches.
The theory dates back to anti(ue rhetoric and only in the middle sixties of the twentieth century
began to develop and to exist as a field of study, being introduced by linguistic researchers in
courses of !inguistics.
!inguistic researchers found great interest in explaining the language at its communicational
level, to study language at all the spheres of human activity expressed through the text.
The term first appeared as lingustics of text, but many scientists considered it unsuitable and
replaced it with the word discourse.
"t those times, and even nowadays, the term was not explicitly defined. )n %nglish vocabularies
the word has the meaning of* to speak about or to hold forth on. !inguistically it represents
language and linguistic structures above the level of a sentence.
)n discourse analysis we refer to those elements which are seen to be rule+governed and
systematic, but which do not occur at the level of a word or a phrase.
,
1
http://www.rusnauka.com/9_KPSN_2011/Philologia/3_81911.oc.htm
'iscourse analysis focuses on the spoken level of the language as found in conversations,
interviews, commentaries and speeches. )n the case of text analysis it focuses on the structure of
the written language as in essays, notices, road signs and chapters.
-oth terms can be used synonymously, the only difference between them being their function.
'iscourse has a social purpose, whereas text fulfills the function of conveying a meaning.
The written form of language called text has a non+interactive form of information, having
only the function of conveying meaning whilst, on the contrary, discourse is interactive, it can be
involved in two ways of conversation, that of formal and informal language.
'iscourse can be seen as a linguistic communication between a hearer and a speaker, while text
is also a linguistic communication, which can be either written or spoken, being seen as a
message coded in its auditory and visual medium.
-oth forms have something in common, because both use the medium of language and both try
to convey a meaning.
)n comparison with discourse, texts have a limited scope. 'iscourse can be cathegori.ed in the
system of a language, while text only deals with the written form of language.
/
0enry 1iddowson, professor of !inguistics argued upon this topic and said that a text is made
up of sentences that have a property of grammatical cohesion and it deals with cohesion.
'iscourse uses such sentences and it is made up of utterances with coherent property,
investigating coherence.
Texts are terms that denote a physical product2 in exchange, discourse is the process of it.
3eanings are not to be found in texts, discourse carries them, by being derived through the
readers4 interaction with the text.
"s a final conclusion, discourse analysis includes all the studies which investigate the supra+
sentential structure of any language, being that spoken or written, whereas text analysis usually
2
http*55www.slideshare.net5cupidlucid5discourse+analysis+presentation+6,7888
leads to confusion. The word text should be eliminated, unless it is used to refer to a physical
arrangement of linguistic signals on paper.
8
3
http*55www.faculty.ksu.edu.sa
9eferences
,. 1iddowson, 0, :, Text, $ontext, ;retext, -lackwell publishing, <xford, /77=, pg.,+,6
2. http://www.rusnauka.com/9_KPSN_2011/Philologia/3_81911.oc.htm
8. http*55www.slideshare.net5cupidlucid5discourse+analysis+presentation+6,7888
=. http*55www.faculty.ksu.edu.sa

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