OISD - 129

Amended edition
FOR RESTRICTED
CIRCULATION
No.
INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS
OISD - STANDARD-129
First Edition, November 1988
Amended edition, August, 1999
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE
Government of Ind!
"n#tr$ of Petro%e&m !nd N!t&r!% G!#
1
OISD STANDARD - 129
First Edition, November 1988
Amended edition, August, 1999
FOR RESTRICTED
CIRCULATION
No.
INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS
re!"red b#
CO""ITTEE ON
INSPECTION OF STATIC E'UIP"ENT
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE
2
ND
F$OOR, %&AI$AS'(
2), &AST*R+A ,AND'I -AR,,
NE. DE$'I / 110 001
2
NOTES
OISD !ub1i2"tions "re !re!"red 3or use in t4e Oi1 "nd
g"s industr# under -inistr# o3 etro1eum "nd N"tur"1 ,"s.
T4ese "re t4e !ro!ert# o3 -inistr# o3 etro1eum "nd N"tur"1 ,"s
"nd s4"11 not be re!rodu2ed or 2o!ied "nd 1o"ned or e54ibited to
ot4ers 6it4out 6ritten 2onsent 3rom OISD.
T4oug4 ever# e33ort 4"s been m"de to "ssure t4e
"22ur"2# "nd re1i"bi1it# o3 d"t" 2ont"ined in t4ese do2uments,
OISD 4ereb# e5!ress1# dis21"ims "n# 1i"bi1it# or res!onsibi1it# 3or
1oss or d"m"ge resu1ting 3rom t4eir use.
T4ese do2uments "re intended on1# to su!!1ement "nd
not re!1"2e t4e !rev"i1ing st"tutor# re7uirements.
Note 1 n #&(er#)r(t nd)!te# t*e
modf)!ton+)*!n,e#+!ddton -!#ed on t*e
!mendment# !((roved n t*e 1.
t*
S!fet$ Co&n)%
meetn, *e%d n /&%$0 19991
3
FORE2ORD
T4e Oi1 Industr# in Indi" is 100 #e"rs o1d. +e2"use o3
v"rious 2o11"bor"tion "greements, " v"riet# o3 intern"tion"1
2odes, st"nd"rds "nd !r"2ti2es 4"ve been in vogue.
St"nd"rdis"tion in design !4i1oso!4ies "nd o!er"ting "nd
m"inten"n2e !r"2ti2es "t " n"tion"1 1eve1 6"s 4"rd1# in
e5isten2e. T4is, 2ou!1ed 6it4 3eed b"28 3rom some serious
"22idents t4"t o22urred in t4e re2ent !"st in Indi" "nd "bro"d,
em!4"si9ed t4e need 3or t4e industr# to revie6 t4e e5isting st"te
o3 "rt in designing, o!er"ting "nd m"int"ining oi1 "nd g"s
inst"11"tions.
.it4 t4is in vie6, t4e -inistr# o3 etro1eum : N"tur"1
,"s, in 198), 2onstituted " S"3et# ;oun2i1 "ssisted b# Oi1
Industr# S"3et# Dire2tor"te <OISD= st"33ed 3rom 6it4in t4e
industr# in 3ormu1"ting "nd im!1ementing " series o3 se13
regu1"tor# me"sures "imed "t removing obso1es2en2e,
st"nd"rdising "nd u!gr"ding t4e e5isting st"nd"rds to ensure
s"3e o!er"tions. A22ording1#, OISD 2onstituted " number o3
3un2tion"1 2ommittees 2om!rising o3 e5!erts nomin"ted 3rom t4e
industr# to dr"6 u! st"nd"rds "nd guide1ines on v"rious
sub>e2ts.
T4e !resent do2ument on %Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s
6"s !re!"red b# t4e Fun2tion"1 ;ommittee on %Ins!e2tion o3
St"ti2 E7ui!ment(. T4is do2ument is b"sed on t4e "22umu1"ted
8no61edge "nd e5!erien2e o3 industr# members "nd t4e v"rious
n"tion"1 "nd intern"tion"1 2odes "nd !r"2ti2es. T4is do2ument
is me"nt to be used "s " su!!1ement "nd not "s " re!1"2ement
3or e5isting 2odes "nd st"nd"rds. It is 4o!ed t4"t t4e !rovisions
o3 t4is do2ument, 64en "do!ted m"# go " 1ong 6"# to im!rove
t4e s"3et# "nd redu2e "22idents in t4e oi1 "nd g"s Industr#.
*sers o3 t4is do2ument "re 2"utioned t4"t no st"nd"rd 2"n be "
substitute 3or " res!onsib1e 7u"1i3ied Ins!e2tion Engineers.
Suggestions "re invited 3rom t4e users "3ter it is !ut into !r"2ti2e
to im!rove t4e do2ument 3urt4er.
T4is st"nd"rd in no 6"# su!ersedes t4e
st"tutor# regu1"tions o3 ;;E, F"2tor# Ins!e2tor"te or ot4er
,overnment bodies, 64i24 must be 3o11o6ed "s "!!1i2"b1e.
Suggestions 3or "mendments to t4is do2ument s4ou1d
be "ddressed to
T4e ;oordin"tor,
;ommittee on %Ins!e2tion o3 St"ti2 E7ui!ment,
Oi1 Industr# S"3et# Dire2tor"te,
2
nd
F1oor, %&"i1"s4(
2), &"sturb" ,"nd4i -"rg,
Ne6 De14i / 110 001
4
CO""ITTEE
ON
INSPECTION OF STATIC E'UIP"ENT
L#t of "em-er#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N"me Design"tion : osition in
Org"nis"tion ;ommittee
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. S4. R.&. S"b4"r6"1 ;-N--IO; <R : = $e"der
2. S4.A.S. Soni D,- <=-ON,; -ember
?. S4.R.'. @o4r" D,--<E= IO; <-8tg.= -ember
A. S4.D.. D4"11 ;4ie3 Ins!e2tion : AE
-"n"ger-+; <Re3iner#= -ember
B. S4.. D"sgu!t" Sr.-"n"ger< Ins!e2tion= IO; -ember
<R : =
). S4.I.-. Adv"ni -,R <ROC= '; <REF= -ember
D. S4.R.-.N. -"r"r Ct.Dire2tor OISD -ember
;o-ordin"tor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In "ddition to t4e "bove sever"1 ot4er e5!erts 3rom t4e industr# 2ontributed in t4e
!re!"r"tion, revie6 "nd 3in"1is"tion o3 t4is do2ument.
5
INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS
CONTENTS
SE;TION A,E NO.
1.0 Introdu2tion
2.0 S2o!e
?.0 De3initions
?.1 Atmos!4eri2 Stor"ge T"n8s
?.2 $o6 ressure Stor"ge T"n8s
?.? T#!es o3 Stor"ge T"n8s
?.?.1 Fi5ed Roo3 T"n8s
?.?.2 F1o"ting Roo3 T"n8s
?.?.? Fi5ed-2um-F1o"ting Roo3 T"n8s
?.?.A O!en Roo3 T"n8s <.it4out Roo3=
?.?.B 'ori9ont"1 ;#1indri2"1 T"n8s
A.0 Ro1e o3 Ins!e2tion
B.0 Too1s Re7uired 3or Ins!e2tion
).0 Ins!e2tion o3 T"n8s During F"bri2"tion
D.0 ;4e28 1ist 3or Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s +e3ore ;ommissioning
8.0 $i8e1# Are"s o3 -et"1 ."st"ge
8.1 +ottom 1"tes
8.2 S4e11 1"tes
8.? Fi5ed Roo3 1"tesEStru2tures
8.A F1o"ting Roo3
8.A.1 F1o"ting Roo3 1"tes <De28 1"tes=
8.A.2 ontoon +o5es
8.A.? Rim 1"tes
8.A.A Roo3 $egsEAssemb1#
8.A.B Roo3 Dr"in Sum!
8.B ."ter Dr"6 O33 No991esEi!es
8.) Ste"m ;oi1s
9.0 Ins!e2tion rogr"mme 3or T"n8"ges in Servi2e
10.0 Fre7uen2# o3 Ins!e2tion
10.1 ;rude "nd rodu2t Stor"ge T"n8s
10.2 Stor"ge T"n8s in -is2e11"neous Servi2es
10.? T"n8 -ountings
11.0 Ins!e2tion ro2edures
11.1 @isu"1 Ins!e2tion
11.1.1 rote2tive ;o"tings
11.1.2 Roo3 1"tes
11.1.? $"dders, St"ir6"#, 1"t3orm : Stru2tur"1s
6
SE;TION A,E NO.
11.1.A T"n8 "ds
11.1.B An24or +o1ts
11.1.) Fire Fig4ting S#stems
11.1.D @ents "nd ressure Re1ieving Devi2es
11.1.8 Insu1"tion
11.1.9 ,rounding ;onne2tions
11.1.10 $e"8s
11.2 E5tern"1 Ins!e2tion
11.2.1 T"n8 Fittings, A22essories "nd i!e ;onne2tions
11.2.2 T"n8 S4e11
11.2.? T"n8 Roo3s
11.2.A ro>e2ting Out ortion o3 t4e +ottom 1"tes
11.? Intern"1 Ins!e2tion
11.?.1 Roo3 "nd Stru2tur"1 -embers
11.?.2 T"n8 S4e11
11.?.? T"n8 +ottoms
11.?.A ."ter Dr"6-o33
11.?.B $inings
11.?.) Roo3 Dr"ins
11.?.D 'e"ting ;oi1s
11.?.8 -is2e11"neous
12.0 ;"12u1"tion o3 Re>e2tion $imits 3or S4e11 1"tes
12.1 Arbitr"r# $imits 3or To! S4e11 ;ourses
12.2 +u281ing o3 *!!er S4e11 ;ourses .4en T"n8 is Em!t#
12.2.1 ,ener"1
12.2.2 $o"ding ;onditions
12.2.? -et4od o3 ;"12u1"tion
1?.1.1 Roo3 Re!1"2ement
1?.0 -et4od o3 Re!"irs "nd Ins!e2tion
1?.1 Roo3 Re!"irs
1?.1.2 .e1d Re!"ir
1?.1.? Re!"irs o3 Roo3 64en T"n8 is in Servi2e
1?.2 S4e11 1"tes Re!"ir
1?.2.1 S4e11 Re!1"2ement
1?.2.2 .e11 Re!"irs
1?.? No991es Re!"irs
1?.A T"n8 +ottom Re!"irs
1?.A.1 +ottom Re!1"2ement
1?.A.2 .e1d Re!"irs
1?.B Ste"m ;oi1 Re!"irs
1?.) T"n8 "d Re!"irs
1?.).1 Erosion
1?.).2 Sett1ement
1?.).? Ti1ting
1?.D Insu1"tion Re!"ir
1A.0 *nderground Stor"ge T"n8s
1A.1 Ins!e2tion o3 "n *nderground T"n8
1B.0 Do2ument"tion
1B.1 Do2ument"tion 3or Ne6 T"n8s
1B.2 Do2ument"tion 3or T"n8s in Servi2e
7
SE;TION A,E NO.
1).0 Re3eren2es

ANNEF*RES
I ;4e28 $ist 3or Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s
II S"3et# in Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s
III ."ter Fi11-u! Test o3 " Stor"ge T"n8
8
INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS

11O INTRODUCTION
Inst"11"tions use t"n8"ges o3 v"rious
t#!es "nd si9es to store initi"1, intermedi"te
"nd 3inis4ed !etro1eum !rodu2t "nd 4en2e
t4e 3"i1ure o3 "n# !"rt o3 " t"n8 m"# resu1t in
" dis"ster.
Time1# ins!e2tion "n !reventive
m"inten"n2e 6i11 go " 1ong 6"# in m"8ing "
t"n8 s"3er to store !rodu2ts 3or 1onger
!eriods o3 time.
2131 SCOPE
T4is st"nd"rd 2overs t4e minimum
ins!e2tion re7uirements 3or "tmos!4eri2 "nd
1o6 !ressure stor"ge t"n8s 2onstru2ted "s
!er st"nd"rds IS-80?, AI-)20, AI )B0, IS
1098D or e7uiv"1ent. Are"s to be ins!e2ted,
3"2i1ities 3or ins!e2tion, t4e ins!e2tion
!ro2edures "nd 3re7uen2#, met4ods o3
re!"irs "nd 1i8e1# 2"uses o3 deterior"tion o3
stor"ge t"n8s in servi2e 4"ve been s!e2i3ied
in t4is St"nd"rd. Ins!e2tion "nd testing
re7uirements 3or t4e ne6 t"n8s during
3"bri2"tion "nd ere2tion, "nd !rior to
2ommissioning "re "1so brie31# 2overed.
413 DEFINITIONS
411 AT"OSP5ERIC STORAGE
TANKS
Atmos!4eri2 stor"ge t"n8s "re
t4ose t"n8s t4"t 4"ve been designed to
o!er"te in t4eir g"s "nd v"!our s!"2es "t
intern"1 !ressure "!!ro5im"te1# e7u"1 to
"tmos!4eri2 !ressure.
412 LO2 PRESSURE STORAGE
TANKS
$o6 !ressure stor"ge t"n8s "re
t4ose t"n8s 64i24 4"ve been designed to
o!er"te "t !ressure in t4eir g"s or v"!our
s!"2es e52eeding t4ose !ermissib1e in AI
Std. )B0, but not e52eeding 1.0)&,ESG. ;-
g"uge.
414 TYPES OF STORAGES
TANKS
41411 F6ed Roof T!n7#
Among 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s, 2one roo3
t"n8s "re ver# 2ommon 3or "tmos!4eri2
stor"ges t"n8s. Ot4er 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s "re
umbre11" roo3 "nd dome roo3 t"n8s. $o6
!ressure roo3 t"n8s "re gener"11#
2onstru2ted o3 dome roo3.
41412 F%o!tn, Roof T!n7#
F1o"ting roo3 t"n8s "re designed to
redu2e 3i11ing "nd bre"t4ing 1osses to "
minimum "nd 3or s"3et# 2onsider"tions b#
e1imin"ting t4e v"!our s!"2e "bove t4e
stored 1i7uid. T4ere "re m"in1# 3o11o6ing
t#!es o3 31o"ting roo3 t"n8sH
I= "n 31o"ting roo3
ii= ontoon 31o"ting roo3
iii= ontoon 6it4 +uo# t#!e 31o"ting roo3
iv= Doub1e De28 31o"ting roo3
T4e t#!es o3 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s "nd
v"rious se"1s "re s4o6n in Fig. 1A 1+ "nd
Fig 2, res!e2tive1#. Re2ent 2onstru2tions
"re 3itted 6it4 resi1ient 3o"m t#!e se"1.
41414 F6ed-)&m-F%o!tn, Roof
T!n7#
Fi5ed-3um-31o"ting roo3 t"n8s "re
3i5ed roo3 t"n8s 6it4 intern"1 31o"ting roo3.
T4ese t#!e o3 t"n8s "re used 3or !rodu2ts
64i24 "re to be !rote2ted 3rom
2ont"min"tion. T4ese "re "1so used "t
1o2"tions 64ere s4o6 3"11 is 4e"v#.
41418 O(en Roof t!n7# 92t*o&t
Roof:
O!en roo3 t"n8s "re 2#1indri2"1
verti2"1 t"n8s 6it4 to! o!en to t4e
"tmos!4ere. Roo3 is not !rovided "nd t4e
m"teri"1 stored is e5!osed to t4e
"tmos!4ere. O!en roo3 t"n8s "re not used
3or storing 4#dro2"rbons.
9
4141; 5or<ont!% C$%ndr)!%
T!n7#
'ori9ont"1 2#1indri2"1 t"n8s "re o3 t6o
t#!es I
9: A=O>E GROUND TANKS
Above ground t"n8s "re mounted
4ori9ont"11# "bove ground "nd "re
"!!ro"24"b1e e5tern"11#.
9: UNDER GROUND TANKS
*nderground t"n8s "re !1"2ed in
e"rt4, m"sonr# or 2on2rete !it "nd !"28ed
"round 6it4 s"nd, e"rt4 or 21"# 1e"ving no
"ir s!"2e bet6een t4e t"n8 "nd t4e !it.
813 ROLE OF INSPECTION
T4e 3o11o6ing "re t4e
res!onsibi1ities o3 t4e ins!e2tion divisionH
i= To ins!e2t, me"sure "nd re2ord t4e
deterior"tion o3 m"teri"1s "nd to
ev"1u"te 2urrent !4#si2"1 2onditions o3
t4e t"n8s 3or its soundness to 2ontinue
in servi2e.
ii= To 8ee! t4e 2on2erned o!er"ting "nd
m"inten"n2e !ersonne1 3u11# in3ormed
"s to t4e 2ondition o3 t4e v"rious t"n8s.
iii= To 2o-re1"te t4e deterior"tion r"te 6it4
design 1i3e 3or 3urt4er run.
iv=To determine t4e 2"uses o3
deterior"tion, investig"te "bnorm"1ities
"nd "dvise remedi"1 me"sures.
v= To re2ommend s4ort-term "nd 1ong
term re!"irs "nd re!1"2ements to ensure
3urt4er run on t4e b"sis o3 e2onomi2s
"nd s"3et#.
vi= To ins!e2t 64i1e doing re!"irs "nd
"22e!t "3ter 2om!1etion o3 re!"irs.
vii= To "dvi2e reg"rding initi"tion o3
!ro2urement "2tion o3 m"teri"1s to
meet t4e re!"irEre!1"2ement needs.
viii= To m"int"in !ro!er m"inten"n2e "nd
ins!e2tion re2ords "nd t"n8s 4istor#.
i5= To "dvise reg"rding s24edu1es o3 t"n8s
ins!e2tion "nd "1so st"tutor#
re7uirement s24edu1es.
;13 TOOLS RE'UIRED FOR
INSPECTION
Too1s re7uired in gener"1 3or t"n8
ins!e2tion "re "s 3o11o6sH
i= *1tr"soni2 T4i28ness -eter
ii= R"diogr"!4i2 E7ui!ment
iii= D#e enetr"te &it
iv= 'o1id"# Dete2tor
v= S4ore '"rdness -eter
vi= "int T4i28ness ,"uge
vii= @"2uum +o5 Tester
viii= S"3et# Tor24
i5= &ni3eES2r"!er
5= ;r"#on
5i= -"gni3#ing ,1"ss
5ii= erm"nent -"gnet
5iii= @ernier ;"1i!erE-i2rometer
5iv= Fi11et ,"uge
5v= -e"suring T"!eES2"1e
5vi= Str"ig4t Edge
5vii= it ,"uge
5viii= 1um! +ob "nd $ine
?13 INSPECTION OF TANKS DURING FA=RICATION
Ins!e2tion o3 t"n8s during 3"bri2"tion s4"11 be 2"rried out "s !er t4e re7uirements o3
t4e "!!1i2"b1e 2odes, s!e2i3i2"tions, dr"6ings et2. T4is ins!e2tion re7uires regu1"r 24e28s on
t4e 6or8 "t v"rious st"ges "s it !rogresses.
T4e ins!e2tion s4"11 in21udeH-
i= Stud# o3 "11 t4e te24ni2"1 s!e2i3i2"tions "nd t4e 2ode to 64i24 t4e t"n8 is to be bui1t.
ii= ;4e28ing t4e 3ound"tion !"d "nd s1o!e
iii= Identi3i2"tion o3 !1"te m"teri"1s
iv= Gu"1i3i2"tion o3 6e1ding !ro2edure "nd 6e1ding o!er"tor
v= ;4e28ing o3 !"inted underside o3 t4e bottom !1"te !rior to t4ese being 1"id.
vi= ;4e28ing o3 s1o!e o3 t4e bottom !1"tes.
vii= ;4e28ing o3 e"24 b"t24 o3 e1e2trodes "s !er s!e2i3i2"tions "nd "ssur"n2e o3 its use "s !er
suggested met4ods o3 t4eir m"nu3"2tures "nd 2odes.
viii= ;4e28ing o3 !ro!er 6e1ding se7uen2e
i5= Ev"1u"ting s!ot r"diogr"!4# o3 butt 6e1ded "nnu1"r <r"di"1= >oints "nd v"2uum bo5 test o3
t4e !ortion o3 6e1d on t4e bottom !1"te on 64i24 s4e11 is to be ere2ted.
5= ;4e28ing o3 3it-u!s "nd noting o3 2urv"ture "nd !1umb re"dings be3ore "nd "3ter 6e1ding o3
t4e s4e11 2ourses.
5i= Ev"1u"ting r"diogr"!4# o3 butt 6e1ded >oints "s !er t4e "!!1i2"b1e 2ode.
5ii= A t4oroug4 visu"1 24e28 "nd oi1 !enetr"te testing o3 t4e inside s4e11 to bottom 6e1d se"m
be3ore 6e1ding 3rom outside.
5iii= ;4e28ing o3 no991esEm"n6"#sEsum!s 3or orient"tion, 3itu!s "nd 6e1ding.
5iv= ;4e28ing o3 set u! o3 2urb "ng1e, roo3 trusses "nd roo3 !1"tes !rior to 6e1ding.
5v= ;4e28ing o3 set u!s o3 6ind girders et2.
5vi= ;4e28ing o3 64et4er .'T o3 21e"n out doors "nd s4e11 no991es, 64ere "!!1i2"b1e, 4"ve
been done. A3ter .'T : be3ore 4#dro testing, "11 su24 6e1d >oints s4"11 be ins!e2ted
visu"11# : -I or D tested.
NOTE 1
5vii=;4e28ing o3 No991e !"d "ir test.
5viii= ;4e28ing o3 e5tern"1 : Intern"1 sur3"2es.
5i5= .itnessing o3 "11 tests "s s!e2i3ied be1o6H
For F6ed Roof T!n7#@ For F%o!tn, Roof
i= +ottom tests 6it4 v"2uum bo5E"ir test. I= +ottom 1"te test 6it4 v"2uum bo5E"ir test.
ii= ."ter 3i11-u!E'#dr"u1i2 test <AtmE$ t"n8s= ii= Oi1 !enetr"te test o3 !ontoon rims to bottom.
de28 !1"te >oint.
iii= Roo3 "ir test or Roo3 v"2uum bo5 test. iii= @"2uum bo5 test o3 to! de28 !1"tes.
iv= Rigidit#E;o11"!sibi1it# test <@"2uum test= iv= ontoon "ir testE6"ter test.
v= Roo3 dr"in 4#dr"u1i2 test.
vi= ."ter 3i11-u! testEF1o"t"tion test.
vii= Roo3 !un2ture test.
55= Ste"m ;oi1 ressure test
55i= 2oo1ing s#stem !er3orm"n2e test
55ii= Fo"m s#stem !er3orm"n2e test
55iii= Ins!e2tion o3 sur3"2e !re!"r"tion "nd !"inting
55iv= Ins!e2tion o3 insu1"tion 64erever !rovided
55v= A3ter t4e 6"ter 3i11-u! test ins!e2tion o3 t"n8 3or "n# uneven e52essive sett1ement.
55vi= Ins!e2tion o3 grounding 2onne2tion.
.13 C5ECK LIST FOR INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS =EFORE CO""ISSIONING
T4e 24e28 1ist 3orm"t s4"11 2ont"in t4e 3o11o6ing in3orm"tion.
TANK NO1 DATE OF
INSPECTION
DRG1 NO1
LOCATION
PRODUCT STORED
TYPE OF TANK
CAPACITY
"AIN DI"ENSION DIA 5T1
ERECTION CONTRACTOR
NA"E OF INSPECTION AGENCY+INSPECTOR
C5ECK LIST
C5ECKS RE"ARKS
1. ;4e28 "nd ins!e2t 3ound"tion !"dE"n24or bo1ts.
2. ;4e28s 3or sett1ementEti1ting o3 3ound"tions.
?. ;4e28 t4"t "11 e5"min"tions "nd tests 4"ve been 2"rried out "nd
s2rutinise t4e "v"i1"b1e re2ords. ;4e28 64et4er .'T is 2"rried
out 3or 21e"n out doors "nd no991es 64erever "!!1i2"b1e.
A. Ins!e2t s4e11 3or obvious "bnorm"1ities in res!e2t o3 out-o3-roundness
bu1ges, dents, et2.
B. ;4e28 t4"t t4e "1ter"tions m"de during 2onstru2tion 4"ve been
in2or!or"ted in "s-bui1t dr"6ing.
). -e"sure "nd re2ord 6"11 t4i28ness o3 s4e11, bottom, roo3 : No991es
D. ;4e28 64et4er non-return v"1ve "t roo3 dr"in o!ening 4"s been
!rovided <3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8=
8. ;4e28 !ro!er inst"11"tion o3 se"1 bet6een s4e11 "nd t"n8 roo3 <3or
31o"ting roo3 t"n8=
9. ;4e28 !ro!er 3"bri2"tion o3 b1eeder vent <3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8=.
10. For 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, 24e28 3o"m d"m "nd 3o"m s#stem
64erever !rovided. For 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s, 24e28 t4e 3un2tioning
o3 3o"m !ourer 1ines "nd its 2onne2tions 6it4 t4e t"n8 64erever
!rovided.
11. ;4e28 "nd ins!e2t intern"1s, ste"m 2oi1s, 31o"t g"uge, roo3 dr"ins, et2.
12. Ins!e2t no991e 3"2ings, g"s8ets "nd bo1ts
1?. ;4e28 insu1"tion !rote2tion
1A. ;4e28 t4"t !"inting 7u"1it# "nd 2o"t t4i28ness "re "s !er
s!e2i3i2"tion
1B. ;4e28 t4"t t4e re7uired re1ie3 v"1ves :@, @"1ves "nd ot4er t"n8
mountings "re inst"11ed "3ter !ro!er resetting et2.
1). For emergen2# roo3 dr"ins, 24e28 t4"t 6"ter se"1 is m"int"ined.
1D. ;4e28 3or intern"1 21e"n1iness be3ore 3in"1 bo5ing-u!.
18. ;4e28 3or 3un2tioning o3 3ire 6"ter "nd s!rin81er s#stems
19. ;4e28 t4e t"n8 e"rt4ing "nd megger t4e e"rt4ing 2"b1e.
20. ;4e28 t4"t grounding 2onne2tions 4"ve been 3i5ed !ro!er1#.
For 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, 24e28 t4"t e1e2tri2"1 2ontinuit# e5ists
bet6een t4e s4e11 "nd 31o"ting roo3.
A13 LIKELY AREAS OF "ETAL
2ASTAGE
-et"1 in " !etro1eum stor"ge t"n8s gener"11#
due to one or more o3 t4e 3o11o6ing medi"H
i= Se" 6"ter 2orrosion
ii= ;4emi2"1 2orrosion <i.e. Su1!4ur=
iii= @"!our 2orrosion
iv= Atmos!4eri2 2orrosion
v= +"2teri"1 2orrosion
vi= Stress 2orrosion
viii= Soi1 2orrosion
A stor"ge t"n8 s4"11 be !rote2ted "s
s!e2i3ied in OISD ub1i2"tion-1?) on
J;orrosionJ so t4"t met"1 1oss due to
2orrosion is 8e!t to " b"re minimum.
A11 =OTTO" PLATES
+ottom !1"tes get 2orroded r"!id1# i3
t4e 31uid stored is 4"ving se" 6"ter 2ontent
<i.e. ;rude t"n8s=. Se" 6"ter 2orrodes t4e
bottom "t " 3"ster r"te "nd " !itting t#!e
2orrosion is observed "11 "1ong t4e bottom
!1"tes.
+"2teri"1 2orrosion o3 t4e bottom
!1"tes is gener"11# observed in ;rude "nd
'SD t"n8s 4"ving 4ig4 su1!4ur 2ontent. T4e
bottom !1"tes deve1o! dee! iso1"ted !its
64i24 eventu"11# !un2ture "nd t4e bottom
st"rts 1e"8ing. .e1d 3"i1ures "re observed in
t4e bottom !1"tes 64ere t4e t"n8 is in
;"usti2 servi2e.
T4e !ro>e2ting out !ortion o3 bottom
!1"tes "re !rone to 2orrosion "t t4e edges
due to see!"geE"22umu1"tion o3 6"ter
bet6een t4e 3ound"tion "nd t4e bottom
!1"tes. T4e bottom !1"te is !rone to 6e"r
due g"uging.
A12 S5ELL PLATES
S4e11 !1"tes gener"11# get 2orroded
intern"11# 64ere 1i7uidEv"!our !4"se is
m"int"ined <i.e. midd1e to to! s4e11 2ourses=.
Intern"1 2orrosion in t4e v"!our s!"2e is
most 2ommon1# 2"used b# 4#drogen
su1!4ide v"!our, 6"ter v"!our "nd o5#gen,
giving !itting t#!e 2orrosion. T4e bottom
s4e11 2ourse gets 2orroded in bottom ?00
mm 4eig4t 64en t4e t"n8 2ont"ins 6"ter in
its !rodu2t.
Atmos!4eri2 2orrosion 2"n o22ur on
"11 e5tern"1 !"rts o3 t4e t"n8. T4is t#!e o3
2orrosion m"# r"nge 3rom neg1igib1e to
severe de!ending u!on t4e "tmos!4eri2
2ondition o3 t4e 1o2"1it#.
Stress 2orrosion 2r"28ing <;"usti2
embritt1ement= 2"n be " !rob1em in servi2es
1i8e ;"usti2E-EAEDEA. T4e "tt"28 is severe
on t4e bottom s4e11 2ourses.
A14 FIBED ROOF PLATES
+STRUCTURES
*nderside o3 t4e roo3 "nd roo3
stru2tur"1 2ome under 2orrosive "tt"28 due
to v"!our 2orrosion in t"n8s storing FO,
As!4"1t : 'SD. T4e 2ont"2t "re"s bet6een
roo3 !1"tes "nd stru2tures "re !rone to
4e"v# "tt"28 due to 2revi2e 2orrosion "nd
t4inning is observed in t4ese "re"s.

A18 FLOATING ROOF
A1811 F%o!tn, Roof P%!te# 9De)7
P%!te#=
F1o"ting roo3 de28 !1"tes "re !rone
to 2orrosion due to r"in 6"ter "22umu1"tion
on t4e de28. *nderside o3 t4e roo3 gets
2orroded 64ere v"!our !o28ets "re 3ormed.
A1812 Pontoon =o6e#
ontoon bo5es on t4e 31o"ting roo3
"re !rone to 2orrosion "t t4e 3i11et 6e1d
bet6een t4e !ontoon "nd de28 !1"tes.
A1814 Rm (%!te#
Rim !1"tes "t t4e outer !eri!4er# o3
t4e 31o"ting roo3 get 2orroded 64ere 1i7uid-
v"!our !4"se is m"int"ined. T4is is
"!!ro5im"te1# "t t4e 2entre o3 t4e rim !1"te.
A1818 Roof Le,#+A##em-%$
Roo3 1egs get severe1# 2orroded "t
t4e 1i7uid-v"!our !4"se >un2tion. T4e roo3
1eg s1eeve gets 2orroded ne"r 3i11et 6e1d
>un2tion to t4e roo3 !1"tes "nd "t t4e bo1t
4o1e "re". Roo3 s1eeve !"d m"# get
2orroded "t t4e underside i3 se"1ing run
bet6een roo3 !1"tes "nd !"d is not 2"rried
out.
A181; Roof Dr!n S&m(
Roo3 dr"in sum! gets 2orroded due
to 6"ter "22umu1"tion st"gn"tion.
A1; 2ATER DRA2 NOCCLES+
PIPES
T4e 6"ter dr"6-o33 no991es !i!e get
2orroded due to 6"ter st"gn"tion.
A1? STEA" COILS
Ste"m 2oi1s get t4inned out "t t4e
bends due to intern"1 erosion. $eg su!!orts
o3 ste"m 2oi1 get 2orroded "t t4e bottom
!ortion due to "22umu1"tion o3 6"ter. Ste"m
2oi1 su!!orts get dis1odged due to t4erm"1
e5!"nsion.
913 INSPECTION PROGRA""E
FOR TANKAGES IN SER>ICE
To "void 3"i1ures "nd
in2onvenien2es in o!er"tion due to sudden
redu2tion in t"n8 stor"ge 2"!"2it#, it is
ne2ess"r# to dr"6 u! "nd "d4ere to "n
ins!e2tion !rogr"mme.
@isu"1 "nd e5tern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11
be used "s " guide 3or determining 2orrosion
r"tes. Intern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 t"8e !1"2e
eit4er 64en indi2"ted b# t4e servi2e 4istor#
or "s !er t4e 3re7uen2# o3 ins!e2tions
indi2"ted in ;4"!ter 10, 64i24ever is e"r1ier.
Ins!e2tion !rogr"mme 2"n be
bro"d1# divided intoH
i= @isu"1 ins!e2tion
ii= E5tern"1 ins!e2tion "nd t4i28ness surve#
iii= Intern"1 ins!e2tion <;om!1ete
ins!e2tion=
iv= T"n8 -ountings ins!e2tion
1313 FRE'UENCY OF
INSPECTION
T4e 3re7uen2# o3 ins!e2tion o3
stor"ge t"n8s is determined b# t4e 3o11o6ing
3"2torsH
"= N"ture o3 t4e 31uids storedI
b= ;orrosion r"tes "nd 2orrosion "11o6"n2eI
2= ;ondition "t !revious ins!e2tionI
d= Resu1t o3 visu"1 24e28sI
e= rote2tive 2o"tingsI
3= $o2"tion o3 t"n8s su24 "s iso1"ted 1"nd,
4ig4 ris8 "re"s "nd 2orrosive "tmos!4ere.
g= St"tutor# 2"1ibr"tion re7uirements.
1311 GUIDELINES FOR
FRE'UENCY OF
INSPECTION
10.1.1 ;rude "nd rodu2t Stor"ge T"n8s
;rude "nd !rodu2t stor"ge t"n8s s4"11 be
ins!e2ted "t 3re7uen2ies s!e2i3ied be1o6H
FRE'UENCY OF INSPECTION IN YEARS
S6eet ;rudes Sour ;rudes
E5tern"1 Intern"1 E5tern"1 Intern"1
;rude Oi1 B 10 ? )
Fue1 Oi1ES'S-
R;O B 10 ? )
S1o!s B 10 ? )
;#21e oi1 ? 1) ? )
,"s oi1 ? ) ? )
&erosene A D A D
ATFES&K A DL A DL
N"!4t4"E-S ? ) ? )
$DO B 8 B 8
'SD B 8 ? B
C+O B 10 B 10
."5# disti11"te
E$R B 10 ? 1B
+itumen B 10 B 10
$ube oi1 B 10 B 10
N,$ ? ) ? )
-iner"1
Tur!entine ? ) ? )
NoteH .4erever t4e 2rude sour2e <S6eet or sour= 3or
t4e 3inis4ed !rodu2ts 2"n not be est"b1is4ed, t4e
3re7uen2# given 3or Sour ;rudes s4"11 "!!1#.
131112 Stor!,e T!n7# n "#)e%%!neo&# Serv)e#
SER@I;E FREG*EN;M OF INSE;TION
IN MEARS
EFTERNA$ INTERNA$
Fres4 ."terK ? )K
D- ."terK ? )K
S"1t ."terK ? )K
'2SOA T"n8 <98N ;on2.= 2 A
*1ined T"n8s
'2 'OA <di1= 1ined t"n8s 1 1
';I T"n8 1 1
;"usti2 T"n8
<Ambient T"m!.= 2 A
;"usti2 -e1ting its 1 1
+en9eneETo1um"neE-E&
<-et4#1 Et4#1 &etone= B 10
Fur3urs1 ? B
4eno1 ? B
'#dr"9ene 1 1
-or!4o1ine 1 1
Sodium 'e5"met" 1 1
4os!4"te 1 1
NotesH
i= .4ere t4e "tmos!4eres is 2orrosive t4e
e5tern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 be done ones in t6o
#e"rs irres!e2tive o3 t"n8 servi2e.
.4en u1tr"soni2 6"11 t4i28ness m
me"surements indi2"tes " 4ig4 2orrosion r"te,
intern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 be 2"rried out.
ii= <L= T4e o!!ortunit# m"# be used 3or ins!e2ting
t4e intern"1 !"inting o3 ATF t"n8s "s "nd 64en
t4e# "re o!ened 3or 21e"ning.
iii= T4e t"n8s m"r8ed <K= "re gener"11# intern"11#
!"inted. At 1o2"tions 64ere t4ese t"n8s "re
not 4"ving intern"1 !rote2tive 2o"ting,
suggested 3re7uen2# 3or intern"1 ins!e2tion is
2 to ? #e"rs.
131114 T!n7 "o&ntn,#
T"n8 mountings su24 "s +re"t4er @"1ves,
:@ @"1ves, Re1ie3 @"1ves, F1"me "rrestors
s4"11 be ensured 21e"n "nd o!er"b1e ever#
#e"r "3ter monsoon. For ins!e2tion "nd
testing o3 ressure Re1ieving Devi2es,
OISD-Std-1?2 s4"11 be re3erred.
F1o"ting roo3 dr"ins "nd emergen2# roo3
dr"ins s4"11 be ins!e2ted ever# #e"r be3ore
monsoon. F1o"ting roo3 se"1s s4"11 be
visu"11# ins!e2ted ever# #e"r.
1113 INSPECTION PROCEDURES
+e3ore 2ommen2ing t4e ins!e2tion
o3 " t"n8, "11 det"i1s given in its 4istor# 2"rd
"nd re2ords s4"11 be gone t4oroug4.
1111 >ISUAL INSPECTION
@isu"1 e5tern"1 ins!e2tion o3 e"24
t"n8 s4"11 be m"de on2e " #e"r. During t4e
visu"1 ins!e2tion, 3o11o6ing s4"11 be 24e28edH
111111 Prote)tve Co!tn,#
;ondition o3 !"int s4"11 be 24e28ed
visu"11# 3or rust s!ots, me24"ni2"1 d"m"ge,
b1isters "nd 3i1m 1i3ting.
111112 Roof P%!te#
Roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or
de3e2ts 1i8e !in 4o1es, 6e1d 2r"28s, !itting
et2., "t 6"ter "22umu1"tion 1o2"tions.
NOTE1
111114 L!dder#0 St!rD!$#0
P%!tform# !nd Str&)t&r!%#
T4ese s4"11 be e5"mined 3or
2orroded or bro8en !"rts. Free movement
"nd "1ignment o3 64ee1s on ro11ing 1"dder
s4"11 be 24e28ed. $"dder "nd st"ir2"se
ste!s <tre"ds= s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 6e"r "nd
2orrosion. In "ddition to 1oss o3 strengt4
2"used b# 1oss o3 met"1, tre"ds be2ome
s1i!!er# 64en t4e sur3"2e is 6orn. '"nd r"i1s
s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 3irmness. 1"t3orm "nd
6"186"#s s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or t4inning,
6"ter "22umu1"tion "re"s "nd gener"1
2orroded "re"s.
111118 T!n7 P!d#
i= T"n8s !"ds s4"11 be visu"11# 24e28ed 3or
sett1ement, sin8ing, ti1ting, s!"11ing,
2r"28ing "nd gener"1 deterior"tion.
ii= ro!er se"1ing o3 o!ening bet6een t"n8
bottom "nd t4e 2on2rete !"d s4"11 be
24e28ed <no 6"ter s4"11 31o6 under t4e
t"n8 bottom=.
iii= S1o!e o3 t"n8 !"d s4"11 be 24e28ed to
ensure 6"ter dr"in"ge.
11111; An)*or =o%t#
An24or bo1ts 64erever !rovided
s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or tig4tness, "nd integrit#
b# 4"mmer testing. T4ese s4"11 "1so be
24e28ed 3or t4inningEbending. Distort"tion o3
bo1ts is "n indi2"tion o3 e52essive
sett1ement. ;on2rete 3ound"tion "t "n24or
bo1t s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 2r"28s.
11111? Fre F,*tn, S$#tem
,ener"1 2ondition o3 3ire 3ig4ting
3"2i1ities "nd s!rin81er s#stems !rovided on
t4e t"n8 6it4 res!e2t to 21ogging o3 s!r"#
no991es, !er3or"tion o3 3o"m 2onne2tions,
et2, s4"11 be 24e28ed. Fre7uen2# "nd
!ro2edure 3or 24e28ing s4"11 be "s !er
OISD-Std-1A2 <Ins!e2tion o3 Fire Fig4ting
E7ui!ments=.
11111. >ent# E Pre##&re Re%evn,
Dev)e#
A11 o!en vents, 31"me "rrestors "nd
bre"t4er v"1ves s4"11 be e5"mined to ensure
t4"t t4e 6ire mes4 "nd s2reens "re neit4er
torn nor 21ogged b# 3oreign m"tter or inse2ts.
Rim "nd b1eeder vents 3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s
s4"11 be e5"mined 3or !ro!er 6or8ing. A11
vents "nd !ressure re1ieving devi2es s4"11
be ins!e2ted "s !er t4e 3re7uen2# "nd
!ro2edure out1ined in OISD-Std-1?2
<Ins!e2tion o3 ressure Re1ieving Devi2es=.
11111A In#&%!ton
I3 " t"n8 is insu1"ted, t4e insu1"tion
"nd 6e"t4er !roo3 se"1ing s4"11 be visu"11#
ins!e2ted 3or d"m"ge. T4e 6"ter !roo3
se"1ing o3 t4e insu1"tion s4"11 be e5"mined
ever# #e"r, sin2e t4e entr# o3 moisture 6i11
gre"t1# redu2e t4e insu1"ting !ro!erties "nd
m"# "1so resu1t in serious undete2ted
2orrosion o3 t4e t"n8 !1"tes underne"t4 t4e
insu1"tion. ;r"28s in t4e 6"ter !roo3 se"1ing
"re "!t to o22ur "nd 6ind m"# en1"rge sm"11
te"rs r"!id1#. I3 is sus!e2ted t4"t moisture
4"s !enetr"ted t4roug4 t4e 2r"28, " sm"11
"re"s o3 t4e !1"tes s4"11 be un2overed "nd
e5"mined 3or signs o3 2orrosion.
111119 Gro&ndn, Conne)ton#
,rounding 2onne2tions s4"11 be
visu"11# 24e28ed 3or 2orrosion "t t4e !oints
64ere t4e# enter e"rt4 "nd "t t4e 2onne2tion
to t4e t"n8. T4e resist"n2e o3 grounding
2onne2tions s4"11 be 24e28ed "nnu"11#
be3ore monsoon. T4e tot"1 resist"n2e 3rom
t"n8 to e"rt4 s4"11 not e52eed t4e v"1ue
given in OISD-Std-1?D <Ins!e2tion o3
E1e2tri2"1 E7ui!ment=.
1111113 Le!7#
T4e t"n8s s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or "n#
obvious 1e"8"ge o3 t4e !rodu2t. @"1ves "nd
3ittings s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or tig4tness "nd
3ree o!er"tions.
1112 EBTERNAL INSPECTION
T4e det"i1ed e5tern"1 ins!e2tion o3
t4e t"n8 s4"11 be 2"rried out "s !er t4e
3re7uen2# mentioned in ;4"!ter 10 64i1e t4e
t"n8 is in 2ommission.
T4e 3o11o6ing s4"11 be
ins!e2tedE24e28ed during e5tern"1
ins!e2tion, besides t4e visu"1 ins!e2tion "s
mentioned in 11.1
111211 T!n7 fttn,#0 A))e##ore#
!nd P(e Conne)ton#
A11 no991es s4"11 be visu"11#
ins!e2ted 3or 2orrosionEdistortion. T4i28ness
me"surements s4"11 be t"8en 6it4 u1tr"soni2
t4i28ness meter. On no991es o3 si9e B0 mm
N+ "nd "bove, minimum A re"dings <?,),9 :
12 OO21o28 !ositions= s4"11 be t"8en.
111212 T!n7 S*e%%
T4e t"n8s s4e11 s4"11 be visu"11#
e5"mined 3or e5tern"1 2orrosion, see!"ge,
2r"28s, bu1ging "nd devi"tion 3rom t4e
verti2"1. ;r"28s most1# o22ur "t t4e 6e1ded
2onne2tions o3 no991es to t4e t"n8, in 6e1ded
se"ms, "t t4e 6e1d 2onne2tions o3 br"28ets
or ot4er "tt"24ments to t4e t"n8 "nd 3i11et
6e1ds o3 s4e11 to t4e bottom !1"tes.
S4e11 6"11 t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be
2"rried out using u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness meter.
E5tern"1 t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be 2"rried
out "11 "round 3or t4e 3irst "nd se2ond bottom
s4e11 2ourses. For t4e rest o3 t4e s4e11
2ourses, t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be done
"1ong t4e st"ir2"se "nd t4ree 2om!"ss
dire2tions. An e5tensive s2"nning s4"11 be
done i3 t4ere is "n indi2"tion o3 "!!re2i"b1e
t4i28ness 1oss.
T4e 3o11o6ing minimum re7uirement
3or t4i28ness surve# is re2ommended on "11
t4e t"n8sH
i= A11 t4e !1"tes o3 3irst "nd se2ond 2ourse o3
t4e s4e11 s4ou1d be t4i28ness surve#ed.
ii= On t4e 3irst 2ourse, ? to A re"dings s4ou1d
be t"8en on e"24 !1"te di"gon"11#. T4e
bottom, midd1e "nd to! !ositions o3 t4e
!1"te must be 2overed.
iii= On t4e se2ond 2ourse, t6o re"dings
s4ou1d be t"8en on e"24 !1"te. One
re"ding s4"11 be ne"r t4e 1o6er 6e1d
>oint "nd t4e ot4er "t "!!ro"24"b1e
4eig4t.
iv= T4ree re"dings s4ou1d be t"8en on one
!1"te on "11 ot4er 2ourses "1ong t4e
st"ir2"se "nd t4ree 2om!"ss dire2tions.
+ottom, midd1e "nd to! !ortions o3 !1"tes
s4ou1d be 2overed.
For t"n8s in 1ig4t !rodu2ts servi2e
1i8e g"so1ine "nd n"!4t4", !itting is
gener"11# observed in t4e midd1e 2ourses o3
s4e11. In su24 2"ses, t4i28ness surve#
s4ou1d be more e5tensive on midd1e
2ourses. I3 signi3i2"nt intern"1 2orrosion o3
roo3 is observed, t4en to! s4e11 2ourse<s=
s4ou1d "1so be e5"mined 3or t4i28ness. In
2"se o3 e5tern"11# insu1"ted t"n8s, suit"b1e
ins!e2tion 6indo6s s4"11 be !rovided to
3"2i1it"te 6"11 t4i28ness surve#.
For t4e t"n8s 64i24 "re 1i8e1# to
4"ve 6"ter "t t4e bottom, t4e bottom s4e11
2ourses ne"r t4e "nnu1"r ring 6e1ding >oint
s4ou1d be t4oroug41# 24e28ed u1tr"soni2"11#
6it4in 1B0mm o3 t4e bottom !1"tes.
111214 T!n7# Roof#
: FIBED ROOF
On " 3i5ed roo3, visu"1 ins!e2tion
s4"11 be m"de to determine 2ondition o3
!"int "nd to 3ind de!ressions, s"gging "nd
4o1es, i3 "n#. *1tr"soni2 t4i28ness surve#
s4"11 be done. T4i28ness surve# s4"11 2over
"11 roo3 !1"tes. Suggested minimum
re"dings "re t4ree !er !1"te. Are"s 64ere
6"ter 1ogging 4"s been observed due to
de!ression, s4"11 be 2"re3u11# ins!e2ted 3or
e5tern"1 2orrosion.
Insu1"ted t"n8s s4"11 be e5tern"11#
ins!e2ted 3or dete2ting 2orrosion b#
removing ins!e2tion 2overs or m"8ing
!o28ets in insu1"tion.
I3 " t"n8 is out o3 servi2e, 4"mmer
testing "1ong 6it4 t4e t4i28ness surve# o3 t4e
roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be 2"rried out.
On f6ed roof D*ere )orro#on #
e6(e)ted0 (%!n7 %on, eno&,* to #(ent !t
%e!#t tDo roof r!fter# #*!%% -e %!d !nd
&#ed !# D!%7D!$# for #!fet$ re!#on#1
: FLOATING ROOF
On " 31o"ting roo3, during visu"1
ins!e2tion, t4e 3o11o6ing s4"11 "1so be
t4oroug41# 24e28edH
"= "int 2ondition
b= De!ressions
2= ontoon bo5es "nd buo#s 3or 1e"8"ges,
indi2"tionsEm"r8s o3 see!"ge "nd
2orrosion.
d= Roo3 "nd emergen2# Dr"in.
Dr"in s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or bre"8"ge "nd
b1o28"ge on t4e 24e28 v"1ve 3itted to t4e
roo3 dr"in in1et end. Emergen2# dr"ins
s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 6"ter 1eve1 "nd oi1
s!i11"ge on roo3 de28.
F1o"ting roo3 dr"ins "nd emergen2#
dr"ins s4"11 be ins!e2ted ever# #e"r, be3ore
monsoon.
e= F1o"ting Roo3 Se"1s
+e3ore m"8ing " regu1"r ins!e2tion
o3 31o"ting roo3 se"1s, t4e dr"6ings o3 se"1s
s4"11 be studied so t4"t o!er"tion "nd
!ossib1e d"m"ges "re 6e11 understood.
F1o"ting roo3 se"1s s4"11 be visu"11#
ins!e2ted ever# #e"r. A11 se"1s s4"11 be
ins!e2ted visu"11# 3or 2orroded, eroded or
bro8en !"rts "nd deterior"ted se"1ing
m"teri"1s. E5!osed me24"ni2"1 !"rts su24
"s s!rings, 4"ngers, 2ounter-b"1"n2e,
!"ntogr"!4s "nd s4oes "re sus2e!tib1e to
me24"ni2"1 d"m"ge, in "ddition to
me24"ni2"1 6e"r "nd "tmos!4eri2 or v"!our
s!"2e 2orrosion.
T4e rubber se"1 s4"11 4"ve 3"ir1#
21ose 2ont"2t 6it4 t"n8 s4e11 !1"tes.
3= 'inge bo1ts "t t4e to! o3 1"dder "nd its
ro11ers
g= E"rt4ing o3 t4e 1"dder.
4= $"ter"1 movement, rot"tion : ti1ting o3 t4e
roo3.
NOTE1
i= E1e2tri2"1 2ontinuit# bet6een t4e 31o"ting
roo3 "nd t"n8 s4e11.
>= .e1d se"ms on roo3 de28 !1"tes 3or "n#
1e"8"ge.
8= ;ondition o3 su!!ort !i!e "nd s1eeves.
T4is m"# be ins!e2ted 3rom to! o3 roo3.
T4i28ness s4"11 be me"sured using
u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness meter.
111218 ProFe)tn, o&t (orton of
t*e -ottom (%!te#
T4e !ro>e2ting out !ortion o3 t4e
bottom !1"tes <"nnu1"r !1"tes= s4"11 be
visu"11# e5"mined 3or "n# 2orrosion Et4inning
"nd u1tr"soni2"11# g"uged.
1114 INTERNAL INSPECTION
rior to intern"1 ins!e2tion, "n
e5tern"1 ins!e2tion o3 t4e t"n8 s4"11 be done
"s s!e2i3ied e"r1ier. +e3ore 2ommen2ing t4e
intern"1 ins!e2tion, t4e t"n8 must be em!tied
o3 1i7uid, 3reed o3 g"ses "nd 21e"ned out.
For t4e t"n8s 64i24 4"ve 2ont"ined 1e"ded
!etro1eum !rodu2ts, it s4"11 be ensured t4"t
t4e t"n8 4"s been t4oroug41# 21e"ned o33
1e"d 4"9"rd "nd is s"3e 3or entr#. Form"1
entr# !ermit 3rom "!!ro!ri"te "gen2# s4"11
be t"8en be3ore entering t4e t"n8. PFor 6or8
!ermits re3er OISD-Std-10B <.or8 ermit
S#stem=Q.
111411 Roof !nd Str&)t&r!%
"em-er#
: FIBED ROOF
@isu"1 ins!e2tion "nd t4i28ness
me"surements o3 roo3 trusses "nd stru2tur"1
members s4"11 be 2"rried out. T4e
su!!orting members s4"11 be re>e2ted 64en
t4e over"11 1oss in t4i28ness o3 m"teri"1
e52eeds 2B !er 2ent. T4e 6e1ds "nd bo1ts o3
t4e stru2ture s4"11 be e5"mined 3or
d"m"geE1oss. T4e resu1ts o3 me"surements
on t4e su!!orting stru2ture m"# be re2orded
"s s4o6n in Fi5.?
: FLOATING ROOF
T4e underside "nd intern"1s o3
31o"ting roo3 s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or 2orrosion
"nd deterior"tion. T4e 31o"ting roo3 se"1s
s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3rom t4e underside. T4e
1egs "nd s1eeved o3 t4e 31o"ting roo3 s4"11 be
24e28ed 3or deterior"tion, bo6ing, "nd
s4i3ting. T4e di! !i!e, 2entering "nd "nti-
rot"tion"1 devi2es, emergen2# roo3 dr"in
!i!e, 3reeEbre"t4er vents, "nd rim vents,
s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or "n# sign o3
2orrosionEt4inning out.
T4i28ness surve# o3 t4e !ontoon
bo5es "nd de28 s4"11 be 2"rried out. An#
sus!e2ted !ontoonEbuo# 2om!"rtment s4"11
be 24e28ed 6it4 "ir "nd suds.
111412 T!n7 S*e%%
Entire t"n8 s4e11 s4"11 be visu"11#
s2"nned 3or signs o3 2orrosion, !itting,
2r"28ing et2. Findings o3 e5tern"1
ins!e2tion, servi2e 2onditions "nd 4istor# 6i11
be guiding 3"2tors 3or su24 observ"tions. A11
6e1d >oints s4"11 be e5"mined 2"re3u11#. T4e
v"!our s!"2e "nd 1i7uid 1eve1 1ine "re 1i8e1#
"re"s o3 2orrosion. 'o6ever, i3 t4e 6"11s "re
"1tern"tive1# 6et "nd dr# or t4e 2ontents "re
2orrosive 24emi2"1s, t4e entire s4e11 2"n be
"tt"28ed. T4e s4e11 s4ou1d be ins!e2ted
3rom inside b# ere2ting s2"33o1dingE1"dders "t
3our 1o2"tions 64en severe 2orrosion is
3ound. T4e midd1e 2ourses s4"11 be 21ose1#
e5"mined 3or t"n8s 2ont"ining 1ig4t !rodu2ts
1i8e g"so1ine "nd N"!4t4". T4i28ness
me"surements 6it4 u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness
meter s4"11 be t"8en to su!!1ement t4ose
me"surements obt"ined 3rom t4e outside.
111414 T!n7 =ottom
A3ter t4e t"n8 4"s 21e"ned o3 its
s1udge, it s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted to
obt"in t4e 3irst indi2"tion o3 t4e 2ondition o3
t4e bottom.
T4e t"n8 bottom !1"tes s4"11 be
visu"11# ins!e2ted 3or !itting, 2orrosion "nd
6e1d 2r"28s. T4e 6e1d >oints s4"11 be
t4oroug41# 21e"ned "nd visu"11# ins!e2ted
3or 2r"28s or de3e2ts b# m"gni3#ing g1"ss
64erever >oints o3 s4e11 "nd "nnu1"r ring "nd
ins!e2ted 3or "n# 1e"8"ge. Sus!e2ted
2r"28s m"# be identi3ied b# d#e !enetr"te or
v"2uum bo5 testing. De!ressions in t4e
bottom "nd in t4e "re"s "round or under t4e
roo3 su!!orts "nd t4e !i!e 2oi1 su!!orts s4"11
be 24e28ed 21ose1#. An# 6"ter t4"t gets into
t4e t"n8 m"# 2o11e2t "nd rem"in "t t4ese
!oints t4ereb# 2"using "22e1er"ted
2orrosion. T"n8s bottoms s4"11 be 24e28ed
t4oroug41# 3or t4i28ness over t4e entire "re".
T4is m"# be su!!1emented b# 4"mmer
testing. T4e number o3 me"surements to be
t"8en 6i11 de!end on t4e si9e o3 t4e t"n8 "nd
t4e degree o3 2orrosion 3ound. 'o6ever,
minimum t4ree t4i28ness re"dings !er !1"te
s4ou1d be t"8en. .4en severe 2orrosion
e5ists, more re"dings s4"11 be t"8en in t4e
"tt"28ed "re"s to determine t4e minimum
rem"ining met"1 t4i28ness.
;orrosion on t4e underside o3 31"t
bottom t"n8s resting on soi1 or on !"ds
2"nnot be 24e28ed 3rom outside. From t4e
inside, t4e 2orrosion m"# be dete2t"b1e b#
4"mmering. Err"ti2 re"dings 6it4 u1tr"soni2
t4i28ness instrument "re "1so indi2"tions o3
underside 2orrosion. To 2"rr# out " !ositive
ins!e2tion "nd "22ur"te 24e28, it is
re2ommended to 2ut out re!resent"tive
se2tions o3 2ou!ons <"t 1e"st ?00 mm in
1e"st dimension= o3 t4e bottom !1"te. T4e
underside o3 t4e 2ou!ons s4"11 be ins!e2ted.
I3 ver# severe 2orrosion is 3ound, "ddition"1
2ou!ons s4"11 be removed 3rom t"n8 bottom
!1"te. T4e 2ut out o!ening in t4e bottom
!1"te s4"11 be !"t24 6e1ded using 3res4
m"teri"1 o3 "!!ro!ri"te t4i28ness. T4e 6e1ds
o3 t4e !"t24 !1"te s4"11 be tested 6it4
v"2uum bo5. I3 t"n8 is sus!e2ted 1e"8ing,
t4en t4e 2utting o!er"tions s4"11 be done
under stri2t observ"tions be2"use o3
!ossib1e entr"!!ed 4#dro2"rbons.
111418 2!ter Dr!D-off
."ter dr"6 o33 "re sub>e2t to
intern"1 "nd e5tern"1 2orrosion "s 6e11 "s
2r"28ing. T4e# s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted
"nd 4"mmer tested "1ong6it4 t4i28ness
surve# "s 3e"sib1e. +ottom !1"te under di!
4"t24 s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or dents, et2.
T4e bottom !1"tes o3 t"n8 4"ving
6"ter bottom <su24 "s ;rude t"n8s= s4"11 be
ins!e2ted visu"11# in det"i1s 3or intern"1
2orrosionE!itting.
T4e bottom !1"tes 64ere b"2teri"1
2orrosion m"# be sus!e2ted <su24 "s ;rude
"nd 'SD t"n8s= s4"11 be g"uged in more
det"i1.
Dr"in sum!s s4"11 be 2"re3u11#
24e28ed 3or 2r"28s, !itting, 1e"8 in t4e 6e1d,
"nd me"sured in !"rti2u1"r 64en 2orrosion
"t t4e underside o3 t4e t"n8 bottom !1"tes
4"s been sus!e2tedE3ound.
11141; Lnn,#
.4en t4e inside sur3"2e o3 " t"n8
"re 1ined 6it4 2orrosion resist"nt m"teri"1
su24 "s s4eet 1e"d, rubber, org"ni2 "nd
inorg"ni2 2o"tings, or 2on2rete ins!e2tion
s4"11 be m"de to ensure t4"t t4e 1ining is in
good 2ondition, t4"t is in !ro!er !osition "nd
it does not 4"ve 4o1es or 2r"28s in t4e
rubber 1ining "s eviden2ed b# bu1ging. A
4o1id"# dete2tor m"# be used to t4oroug41#
24e28 t4e 1ining 3or 1e"8s "nd 4o1id"#s, 2"re
must be t"8en so t4"t t4e test vo1t"ge does
not "!!ro"24 " v"1ue t4"t mig4t !un2ture t4e
1ining.
'"rdness testing o3 t4e rubber 1ining
s4"11 be 2"rried out 64i1e ins!e2ting t4e t"n8
intern"11#.
;"re s4"11 be t"8en 64i1e 21e"ning
t4e !"inted sur3"2e so t4"t no me24"ni2"1
d"m"ge t"8es !1"2e.
11141? Roof Dr!n#
Roo3 dr"ins on t4e 31o"ting roo3 2"n
be designed in m"n# 6"#s. T4e# 2"n be
sim!1e o!en dr"in !i!es, s6ive1 >oints or
31e5ib1e 4ose dr"ins t4"t 8ee! t4e 6"ter 3rom
2ont"min"ting t4e 2ontents. ro!er
3un2tioning o3 t4e roo3 dr"ins s4"11 be
ensured ot4er6ise t4is m"# 1e"d to sin8ing
or over-turning o3 t4e 31o"ting roo3. T4e dr"in
1ines s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or b1o28"ge be3ore
!ressure test. A11 s6ive1 >oints s4"11 be
t4i28ness surve#ed "nd servi2ed during
ever# out"ge : individu"11# 4#dro tested.
A3ter "ssemb1# o3 t4e roo3 dr"in s#stem,
2om!1ete s#stem s4"11 be 4#dro tested
NOTE1
.
11141. 5e!tn, Co%#
'e"ting 2oi1 in21uding its su!!orts
s4"11 be 4"mmer tested, !"rti2u1"r1# "t t4e
underside o3 2oi1 "nd t4e bends. *1tr"soni2
t4i28ness me"surement s4"11 be t"8en.
R"diogr"!4# o3 bends 2"n be done
3or "22ur"te ev"1u"tion i3 intern"1 2orrosion is
sus!e2ted. T4e visu"1 ins!e2tion o3 t4e 2oi1
s4"11 be done "t t4e su!!orts 3or "n#
erosion. ;oi1s s4"11 be 4#dr"u1i2"11# tested
"t 1.B times o!er"ting !ressure "nd 24e28ed
3or "n# 1e"8"ge.
11141A "#)e%%!neo&#
@"1ves "nd simi1"r 3ittings s4"11 be
24e28ed 3or 1e"8"ge "nd !ro!er 3un2tioning.
T4e bre"t4er v"1ves s4"11 be over4"u1ed "nd
reset "t t4e re7uired !ressure "nd v"2uum
settings.
1213 CALCULATION OF
RE/ECTION LI"ITS FOR
S5ELL PLATES
In determining t4e 1imiting t4i28ness
3or t4e s4e11 !1"tes o3 " t"n8,
eit4er 3or t4e !ur!ose o3 !re-2"12u1"ting " set
o3 retiring t4i28ness 3or e"24 t"n8 or "s "
m"tter o3 ne2essit# "t t4e time o3 ins!e2tion,
t4e b"si2 met4od given in t4e "!!1i2"b1e
st"nd"rd s4"11 be used. T4e resu1t 6i11 be "
t4i28ness 64i24 6i11 be t4e minimum
re7uired 3or " !"rti2u1"r 1o2"tion 3or t4e given
t"n8. .4en t4"t t4i28ness is re"24ed,
re!"irs o3 re!1"2ement s4"11 be re7uired.
A !it or " ver# sm"11 "re" redu2ed to
t4e retiring t4i28ness is 4o6ever t"8en "s
not 6e"8ening t4e !1"te "!!re2i"b1# 3rom
t4e st"nd!oint o3 resisting !ressure. T4e
"ver"ge t4i28ness, over " dist"n2e in "
1ongitudin"1 dire2tion e7u"1 to 1) times t4e
minimum "11o6"b1e t4i28ness, is " good ru1e
to 3o11o6 in est"b1is4ing " !1"te t4i28ness 3or
" 2orroded "re". Re!"irs to su24 "re"s "re
re7uired on1# to !revent 1e"8"ges 64en
2orrosion !rogresses 2om!1ete1# t4roug4 t4e
!1"te. T4is "ver"ge t4i28ness 2"n be
2onsidered "s t4e me"sured !1"te t4i28ness.
1211 AR=ITRARY LI"ITS FOR
TOP S5ELL COURSES
T4e re>e2tion 1imit 3or s4e11 !1"tes, "s
s!e2i3ied under <12.0= s4"11 "1so be "!!1ied
3or t4e to! s4e11 2ourses, but t4ese 2ourses
s4"11 in "n# 2"se be re>e2ted 64en due to
2orrosion t4e !1"te t4i28ness 4"s re"24ed,
over " 2onsider"b1e "re" t4e 3o11o6ing v"1ueH
". .4en t4e origin"1 t4i28ness 6"s )mmH 2.B
mm.
b. .4en t4e origin"1 t4i28ness 6"s 8mmH
?.2 mm.
It is !ointed out t4"t 3or m"n# t"n8s,
es!e2i"11# o3 medium "nd 1"rge si9e, t4e to!
s4e11 2ourses m"# bu281e be3ore t4e 1imits
mentioned under <"= : <b= 4"ve been
re"24ed. T4e re>e2tion 1imit 3or to! s4e11
2ourses s4"11 t4ere3ore, not be determined
be3ore t4e st"bi1it# o3 t4e s4e11 4"s been
24e28ed "22ording to t4e re7uirements
des2ribed under <12.2=. A11 re!"irs s4"11 be
"s !er AI - )B?.
NOTE1
1212 =UCKLING OF UPPER
S5ELL COURSES 25EN
TANK IS E"PTY
121211 Gener!%
T4e re>e2tion 1imits 3or t4e s4e11
!1"tes s!e2i3ied in 12.0 "nd 12.1 "re b"ses
on t4e 2ondition t4"t t4e t"n8 is 2om!1ete1#
3i11ed 6it4 1i7uid. 'o6ever, 64en t4e s4e11
!1"tes 4"ve 2orroded it m"# be !ossib1e t4"t
bu281ing o3 !1"tes o22urs be3ore t4e "bove
mentioned 1imits.
+u281ing o3 s4e11 !1"tes 6i11 "16"#s
o22ur in t4e u!!er 4"13 o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11, "s
t4e u!!er 2ourses "re t4inner t4"n t4e 1o6er
2ourses.
121212 Lo!dn, Condton#
+u281ing o3 s4e11 !1"tes m"# o22ur
64en t4e st"bi1it# o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11 is
insu33i2ient to 6it4st"nd one or t4e
2ombin"tion o3 t4e 3o11o6ing 1o"dsH
<"= .ind on t4e outside o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11. For
o!en to!e t"n8s "1so t4e 6ind 1o"d on t4e
inside o3 t4e t"n8 s4"11 be 2onsidered.
<b= Intern"1 v"2uum inside t4e t"n8 due to
t4e setting o3 v"2uum.
<2= De"d 1o"d o3 roo3 "nd su!!orting
stru2tures.
121214 "et*od of C!%)&%!ton#
T4e st"bi1it# o3 t4e 2orroded t"n8
s4e11 "g"inst bu281ing s4"11 be 2ontro11ed in
"22ord"n2e 6it4 t4e 2"12u1"tion met4od
given is +S-2)BA-!"rt ? R'ig4er Design
StressesO.
It is t4en ne2ess"r# to s!e2i3# t4e
"ver"ge t4i28ness o3 t4e 2orroded s4e11
2ourses, es!e2i"11# o3 t4e u!!er 4"13 o3 t4e
t"n8 s4e11.
It is "1so !ointed out t4"tH
<"= -"5imum 6ind gusts most1# resu1t in "
6ind 1o"d 64i24 is "!!ro5. 20N 4ig4er
t4"n t4e 6ind 1o"ds s!e2i3ied in bui1ding
regu1"tions. E5!erien2e 4"s s4o6n t4"t
t4e gust v"1ue must be "!!1ied in t4e
st"bi1it# 2"12u1"tion 3or t4e s4e11.
<b= @"2uum v"1ves ordered 6it4 " v"2uum
setting o3 )B mm 6"ter g"uge o3ten st"rt
to o!en "t )B mm 6"ter g"uge but "re
3u11# o!en "t DB mm or 8B mm 6"ter
g"uge.
T4e 4ig4er v"1ue must be "!!1ied in t4e
st"bi1it# 2"12u1"tion 3or t4e s4e11.
1413 "ET5OD OF REPAIRS AND
INSPECTION
-et4od des2ribed 4ereunder 3or
re!"ir "re re2ommended ones. Ot4er
met4ods 2on3irming to sound engineering
!r"2ti2e m"# "1so be "!!1ied. T4ese re!"ir
met4ods 4"ve been out1ined to 4ig41ig4t t4e
ins!e2tion re7uired !rior to, during "nd "3ter
re!"irs.
1411 ROOF REPAIRS
141111 Roof Re(%!)ement
Entire or !"rti"1 re!1"2ement o3
2orroded roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be done 6it4 ne6
!1"tes o3 t4i28ness "s !rovided in t4e
origin"1 design. A3ter re!1"2ement t4e
6e1ding o3 t4e roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be 24e28ed
3or 1e"8s using v"2uum bo5. T4e roo3 m"#
be tested b# "!!1#ing intern"1 "ir !ressure
"1so. T4e intern"1 "ir !ressure s4"11 not
e52eed t4e 6eig4t o3 t4e roo3 !1"tes or DB
mm o3 6"ter 2o1umn. A3ter "!!1i2"tion o3 "ir
!ressure, t4e >oints "re 24e28ed b# so"!
so1ution.
T4e roo3 integrit# m"# "1so be
24e28ed b# 2re"ting intern"1 v"2uum inside
3i5ed roo3 t"n8s. It is 2urrent !r"2ti2e to test
t4e roo3 "3ter 2onstru2tion "t v"2uum o3 2B
mm o3 6"ter 2o1umn. @"2uum is !rodu2ed
b# 2ontro11ed dr"ining o3 6"ter "3ter
4#drost"ti2 test. T4e v"2uum test s4"11 be
done 6it4 utmost 2"re "nd in no 2"se s4"11
v"2uum e52eed 2B mm o3 6"ter 2o1umn.
In t4e 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, ne6
!ontoon bo5 6e1ding s4ou1d be 24e28ed b#
"ir "nd so"! so1ution. A1tern"tive1#, t4ese
m"# be 24e28ed b# 31o"ting t4e roo3 o3 t4e
t"n8 6it4 6"ter "nd 24e28ing t4e !ontoon
2om!"rtments 3or "n# 1e"8.
141112 2e%d Re(!r
T4e 6e1d re!"irs s4ou1d be 2"rried
out b# gougingEgrinding t4e 1e"8# s!ot "nd
6e1ding. Re!"irs s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or t4eir
integrit# b# v"2uum bo5 testE"ir test.
141114 Re(!r# to Roof D*en T!n7
# n Serv)e
.4en dee! !its in t"n8 !1"tes "re
not 21ose1# s!"2ed "nd e5tensive, "nd t4us
do not "33e2t t4e strengt4 o3 t4e t"n8, t4e#
2"n be re!"ired b# ot4er met4ods i3 6e1ding
is not !r"2ti2"b1e. An# met4ods t4"t 6i11
sto! t4e 2orrosion "nd !1ug t4e 1e"8s 6i11 be
s"tis3"2tor#. Fi11ing 6it4 !ro!riet"r# "ir-
4"rdening "d4esive m"# be suit"b1e i3 it 6i11
not be "33e2ted b# t4e t"n8 2ontents. An#
ot4er m"teri"1 o3 " !utt# 1i8e n"ture t4"t
4"rdens u!on dr#ing s4ou1d be used on1# 3or
tem!or"r# re!"ir. Su24 m"teri"1 must be
"b1e to to1er"te t4e t"n8 2ontents in "ddition
to m"8ing " tig4t bond 6it4 t4e stee1 !1"te.
In "11 2"ses t4e !its s4"11 be 21e"ned
t4oroug41#.
$e"8s in t4e roo3 "re 2ommon1#
re!"ired b# JS!ot "t24esJ t4"t don not
invo1ve 2utting, 6e1ding, riveting or bo1ting o3
t4e stee1. T4e so3t !"t24es 2"n be m"de
3rom " v"riet# o3 m"teri"1s in21uding 2"nv"s,
"sbestos, rubber, neo!rene, g1"ss 21ot4,
FR, FRE, As!4"1t "nd ro!riet"r# m"sti2
or 1"sti2 se"1ing m"teri"1, t4e 24oi2e
de!ending u!on t4e 2ontents o3 t4e t"n8 "nd
servi2e 2onditions. T4e !"t24es m"# be
"!!1ied 64en t"n8 is in servi2e. T4e
!"t24es m"# be in mu24 t4e s"me m"nner
"s norm"11# "!!1ied to t4e roo3 " bui1ding.
T4e "bove "re tem!or"r# met4ods
o3 re!"ir. ro!er "nd !erm"nent re!"irs
s4"11 be 2"rried out "t t4e e"r1iest
o!!ortunit#.
1412 S5ELL PLATES REPAIR
141211 S*e%% Re(%!)ement
;om!1ete or !"rti"1 re!1"2ement o3
2orroded "nd t4inned out s4e11 !1"tes s4"11
be done using ne6 !1"tes o3 t4i28ness "s
!rovided in t4e origin"1 design. "rti"1
re!1"2ement o3 s4e11 !1"te 2"n be done b#
2utting 6indo6 "t t4e "33e2ted !ortion. A3ter
6e1ding t4e >oints s4"11 be 24e28ed visu"11#
or b# D.. Test "nd t"8ing s!ot r"diogr"!4.
A3ter s"tis3"2tor# re!"irs, t4e >oint s4"11 be
24e28ed 3or 1e"8s b# 3i11ing t4e t"n8s 6it4
6"ter "s is done in t4e 2"se o3 ne61#
3"bri2"ted t"n8s.
141212 2e%d Re(!r#
De3e2tive 6e1ds or 1e"8# 6e1ds s4"11
be re!"ired b# gouging, grinding "nd
6e1ding. T4e 6e1ding s4"11 be t4oroug41#
ins!e2ted b# m"gni3#ing g1"ss or b# D..
Test. S!ot r"diogr"!4s s4ou1d "1so be
t"8en.
1414 NOCCLES REPAIRS
T4e t4inned no991es s4"11 be t"8en
out b# gouging t4e 6e1ding. T4e ne6
6e1ding s4"11 be 24e28ed 6it4 "ir "t "
!ressure o3 1.0) 8gE2m
2
"nd so"! suds
t4roug4 t4e te11-t"1e 4o1e in rein3or2ing !"ds.
In 2"se t"n8 is to be 4#drost"ti2"11# tested,
t4e no991e rein3or2ing !"d s4"11 be 24e28ed
3or "n# 1e"8"ge t4roug4 t4e te11-t"1e 4o1e. I3
1e"8"ge is observed, t4e inner 6e1ding o3
no991e 6it4 s4e11 s4"11 be gouged, re6e1ded
"nd tested.
1418 TANK =OTTO" REPAIRS
141811 =ottom Re(%!)ement
"rti"1 or 2om!1ete re!1"2ement o3
t"n8 bottom !1"tes 2"n be done using !1"tes
o3 t4i28ness !rovided in t4e origin"1 design.
T4e re!1"2ement !1"tes 2"n be t"8en in to
t4e t"n8 t4roug4 6indo6 2ut in bottom s4e11
2ourse. A ne6 bottom m"# be 1"id on t4e
o1d bottom 64en it is not !ossib1e to t"8e out
t4e o1d !1"tes. T4is "rr"ngement 4"s been
s4o6n in Fig. No. AA, A+ "nd A;. 'o6ever,
b# t4is "rr"ngement, 2"!"2it# o3 t4e t"n8 6i11
be redu2ed. No991es "nd 4e"ting 2oi1s
s4ou1d be re-!ositioned on t4e rene6ed
bottom "s !er t4e o!er"tion"1 re7uirement.

T4e ne6 6e1d >oints s4"11 be
24e28ed t4oroug41#. To dete2t "n# 1e"8"ge
in t4e 6e1d 4oists, v"2uum bo5 test s4"11 be
2"rried out.
T4e bottom !1"tes s4ou1d be
24e28ed !neum"ti2"11#. Air 2onne2tions "re
inst"11ed "t minimum o3 B !oints. An "ir
!ressure o3 10 2m. ."ter 2o1umn is
m"int"ined 6it4 " 2entri3ug"1 b1o6er or "n "ir
2om!ressor.
A *-tube m"nometer indi2"tes t4is
!ressure "nd "t t4e s"me time s"3egu"rds
t4e bottom "g"inst "n over-!ressure. T4e
entire bottom is t4en tested.
T4is s#stem 4"s "n "dv"nt"ge over
t4e v"2uum bo5 met4od "s it is mu24 3"ster
"nd more se2ure sin2e t4e entire sur3"2e
"nd not on1# t4e 6e1ded se"ms "re 2overed.
Anot4er "dv"nt"ge is t4"t 64i1e t4e "ir
!ressure is "!!1ied, t4e bottom is !"rti"11#
1i3ted 3rom its b"se. T4is 2"uses t4e met"1
!1"tes to 31e5 so t4"t !ossib1e 4o1es o3 minor
dimensions 64i24 mig4t 4"ve been se"1ed
b# soi1 or rust !"rti21es 6i11 be2ome
dete2t"b1e.
I3 "n "ir !ressure o3 10 2m. 6"ter
2o1umn 2"nnot be m"int"ined o6ing to too
mu24 "ir 1e"8"ge "round t4e outer rim o3 t4e
bottom, it is re2ommended to inst"11 " d"m
"round t4e t"n8 "s 21ose "s !"rti2"b1e to t4e
s4e11 6"11. A d"m o3 21"# or bitumen s"nd
mi5ture "bout 20 2m. 4ig4 s4ou1d be
"!!1ied. T4is d"m 4"s to be se"1ed 6it4 "
bitumen 1"#er. T4e s!"2e bet6een t4e d"m
t4e t"n8 6"11 is t4en 3i11ed 6it4 3res4 6"ter
64i24 "2ts "s se"1. Arr"ngement o3 t"n8
bottom testing is given Fig B.
S4e11 to bottom 6e1d >oint s4"11 be
tested b# 3i11ing t4e t"n8 6it4 6"ter to " 1eve1
o3 4"13 t4e t"n8 4eig4t.
T4e 2riti2"1 9one 3or re!"irs on t4e t"n8
bottom is 6it4in t4e "nnu1"r !1"te ring <12(
3rom eit4er side=. No 6e1ding or 6e1d !"t24
"re !ermitted in t4is 2riti2"1 9one e52e!t 3or
6e1ding o3 dee! s2"ttered !its, 2r"28 in t4e
bottom !1"teI t4e s4e11 to bottom 6e1d or
64ere t4e bottom or "nnu1"r !1"te is being
re!1"2ed.
NOTE1
141812 2e%d Re(!r#
$e"8# 6e1ds in t4e bottom 2"n be
re!"ired b# gouging, grinding "nd 6e1ding.
Re!"ired 6e1ds s4"11 be 24e28ed b# v"2uum
bo5 testing.
141; STEA" COIL REPAIRS
T4inned or deterior"ted ste"m 2oi1s
s4"11 be re!1"2ed. T4e 6e1d >oints s4"11 be
24e28ed b# s!ot r"diogr"!4#. A3ter
s"tis3"2tor# re!"irs, t4e 2oi1s s4"11 be
4#drost"ti2"11# tested "t " !ressure o3 1.B
times t4e o!er"ting !ressure.
141? TANKS PAD REPAIRS
141?11 Ero#on
T4e r"ised 3ound"tion o3 verti2"1
t"n8s must be !rote2ted 3rom t4e e33e2ts o3
erosion. An# d"m"ge to t4e sur3"2e o3 t4e
se"1ing 2o"t or "n# bre"8do6n o3 t4e s"nd-
bitumen mi5 o3 t4"t !"rt o3 t4e 3ound"tion
64i24 !ro>e2t be#ond t4e b"se o3 t4e t"n8
s4"11 be re!"ired be3ore t4e under1#ing
3ound"tion is d"m"ged.
141?12 Sett%ement
Even 6it4 re1"tive1# minor
sett1ement, t4e outer edge o3 t4e bottom
!1"tes o3 " verti2"1 t"n8 6i11 sett1e "t " 1eve1
be1o6 t4e sur3"2e o3 t4e se"1ing 1"#er o3 t4e
3ound"tion. T4is resu1ts in t4e 3orm"tion o3 "
24"nne1 "round t4e !eri!4er# o3 t4e t"n8, in
64i24 r"in 6"ter 2o11e2ts. .4en t4is o22urs,
sm"11 out1et 24"nne1s in r"di"1 dire2tion s4"11
be 2ut in t4e se"1ing 1"#er o3 s"nd bitumen
mi5 "t t4e 1o6est !oint "nd "t interv"1s o3
"bout )mt. "round t4e !eri!4er# to !rovide
dr"in"ge. T4e re1"tive sett1ement s4"11 be
24e28ed. I3 sett1ement e52eeds 2B mm, t4is
met4od m"# destro# t4e e33e2tiveness o3 t4e
s"nd bitumen se"1ing 1"#er. In su24 2"ses,
t4e sur3"2e o3 t4e !ro>e2ting !"rt o3 t4e
3ound"tion s4"11 be trimmed "nd " ne6
se"1ing 1"#er o3 s"nd bitumen mi5. B0 mm
t4i28 s4ou1d be 1"id to !rovide " !ro!er
dr"in"ge 6it4 " sur3"2e s1o!ing "6"# 3rom
t4e toe o3 t4e t"n8 bottom.
141?14 T%tn,
T4e m"5imum "11o6"b1e ti1ting in t4e
3i5ed roo3 t"n8s due to uneven sett1ement
s4"11 be "s s4o6n in Fig ).
T4e m"5imum "11o6"b1e ti1ting in
31o"ting roo3 t"n8s 6i11 be governed b# t4e
designed r"nge o3 g"! bet6een roo3 "nd
s4e11.
T4e m"5imum "11o6"b1e ti1ting "s
given Fig ) 6i11 2"use "n in2re"se in t4e
4oo! stress o3 t4e s4e11 !1"tes b# 2N o3 t4e
4oo! stress 2"12u1"ted 3or t"n8s 6it4out
uneven sett1ement. T4is in2re"se s4"11 be
dedu2ted 3orm t4e "11o6"b1e stress 64en
2"12u1"ting re>e2tion 1imit o3 s4e11 !1"tes o3
t"n8s 64i24 4"ve sett1ed uneven1#.
A t"n8 s4"11 be 1i3ted "nd t4e
3ound"tion re!"28ed i3 t4e 1imit 3or ti1ting is
re"24ed.
1813 UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
1811 INSPECTION OF AN
UNDERGROUND TANK
rior to entering "n underground
t"n8, it s4"11 be 21e"ned intern"11# o3 its
!rodu2t "nd "de7u"te "ir 2ir2u1"tion
!rovided. T4e t"n8 s4"11 be visu"11#
ins!e2ted 3or 2orrosionE!itsEdeterior"tion on
intern"1 sur3"2es. *1tr"soni2 t4i28ness
me"surements s4"11 be 2"rried out on s4e11
!1"tes, end !1"tes "nd no991es 3rom inside.
A3ter t4e re!"irs i3 "n#, t4e t"n8 s4"11
be 4#drost"ti2"11# tested o3 "t 0.DB 8gEs7.2m
test !ressure "nd 24e28ed 3or 1e"8s.
1;13 DOCU"ENTATION
1;11 DOCU"ENTATION FOR NE2
TANKS
T4e 3o11o6ing 2om!1etion do2uments
3or t4e stor"ges t"n8 s4"11 be !reservedH
i= As bui1t dr"6ing o3 t4e t"n8.
ii= As bui1t dr"6ing o3 t4e t"n8 3ound"tion.
iii= S4e11 deve1o!ment dr"6ings indi2"ting
t4e 1o2"tion o3 r"diogr"!4# "nd test
resu1ts o3 t4e s4e11.
iv= R"diogr"!4# 3i1ms <3or B #e"rs "3ter
2om!1etion=
v= +ottom 1"#out "nd test resu1ts o3 t4e
bottom.
vi= 'e"ting 2oi1 1"#out "nd test resu1ts.
vii= ;erti3i2"te o3 e"rt4ing o3 " t"n8.
viii= Roo3 1"#out "nd test resu1ts.
i5= Sett1ement resu1ts o3 t"n8 bottom.
5= ontoon "nd 31o"ting roo3 test resu1ts.
5i= Test 2erti3i2"tes o3 se"1.
5ii= ;"1ibr"tion 24"rts.
5iii= ;erti3i2"te o3 t"n8 mountings.
5iv= F1o"ting roo3 dr"in"ge s#stem dr"6ing
"nd test resu1ts.
5v= ,ener"1 "rr"ngement dr"6ings 6it4
design d"t" "nd m"teri"1 s!e2i3i2"tion.
5vi= No991e orient"tion dr"6ing.
5vii= St"ir6"# det"i1s 6it4 orient"tion.
5viii= Fo"m s#stem dr"6ing.
5i5= ;oo1ing s#stem dr"6ing
55= .ind girder dr"6ings
55i= i!e su!!ort dr"6ings 6it4 orient"tions
55ii= Ro11ing 1"dder det"i1 dr"6ing.
1;12 DOCU"ENTATION FOR
TANKS IN SER>ICE
A11 t4e observ"tions, 3indings "nd
re!"irs 2"rried out "3ter e"24 ins!e2tion
s4ou1d be re2orded in t4e 3o11o6ing 2"rds 3or
e"24 t"n8H
"= T"n8 ins!e2tion "nd re!"irs 2"rd <Re3.
Fig. 1B.2.1=
b= D"t" Re2ord 'istor# ;"rd <Re3. Fig
1B.2.2=
T4e 4istor# o3 t4e t"n8 6i11 indi2"te
t4e re!1"2ement o3 re!"ir re7uirements in
3uture "nd "1so 4e1! in re-est"b1is4ing
suit"b1e 3re7uen2# o3 ins!e2tion.
1?13 REFERENCES
The following codes, standards and
publications have either been referred or
used in the preparation of this standard and
the same shall be read in conjunction with
this standard.
i) API Guide - Inspection of efiner!
"#uipment, $hapter %III-Atmospheric
and low pressure storage tan&s.
ii) API '() - *elded +teel tan&s for oil
storage.
iii) API ',) - ecommended ules for
-esign and construction of low pressure
storage tan&s.
iv) .+ ,'(/ - +pecification for vertical steel
welded storage tan&s with butt welded
shells for petroleum industr!
v) I+ 0)1 - $ode of practice for -esign,
2abrication and "rection of 3ertical 4.+.
$!linder 5il storage tan&s.
vi) I+ /'0, - $ode of practice for 6ining of
3essels and "#uipment for $hemical
Processes. Part - 7 ubber lining
vii) API Publ ,)7( - $leaning Petroleum
+torage Tan&s
viii) API Publ ,)7(A - A guide for controlling
the 6ead 8a9ards associated with Tan&
"ntr! and $leaning.
i:) API Publ ,)7( . - $leaning open - Top
and $overed floating oof Tan&s.
:) API Publ ,),' - Guidelines for safe
descent on to floating roofs of tan&s while
in service.
:i) API P ,))1 - Protection against
ignitions arising out of +tatic, 6ighting
and +tra! $urrents
:ii) I+ ;;'/ - ecommendations for
4aintenance and 5peration of Petroleum
+torage
Part -7 -- Preparation of tan&s for safe
entr! < *or&.
Part-II Inspection.
:iii) I+ 7);0= - $ode of practice for -esign,
2abrication Testing and installation of
underground > aboveground c!lindrical
storage tan&s for petroleum products.
:iv) API ,))) - 3enting Atmospheric and
6ow-Pressure +torage tan&s.
ANNEBURE - II
SAFETY IN INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS
1. A !erson s4"11 not go "1one on t4e roo3
o3 stor"ge t"n8s 3or ins!e2tion.
No 6"18ing s4"11 be done on t4e roo3
!1"tes 64ere t4inningE!er3or"tions "re
observed. Ne2ess"r# !1"n8ing m"# be
!rovided 3or 6"18ing on su24 roo3s.
*1tr"soni2 t4i28ness me"surements s4"11
not be 2"rried out 64en t4e t"n8s is
re2eiving or dis!"t24ing.
Entr# on to t4e de28 o3 " 31o"ting roo3 s4"11
be restri2ted 64en t4e 31o"ting roo3 is more
t4"n B metres be1o6 t4e to! "ng1e ring.
2. '2s m"# be !resent inside t4e stor"ge
t"n8s in 4#dro2"rbon servi2e. In 2"se
o3 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, '2S m"# be
!resent "bove roo3 "1so. ne2ess"r#
s"3et# !re2"utions s4"11 be t"8en 64i1e
ins!e2ting su24 t"n8s.
?. No 4ot 6or8 s4"11 be 2"rried out inside
t4e t"n8 !rior to g"s 3reeing o3 t4e s"me.
'ot 6or8 on bottom !1"tes s4"11 be done
under stri2t su!ervision 64ere !er3or"tion
"ndEor 1e"8s "re observed.
Air test !ressure s4"11 NE@ER e52eed t4e
s!e2i3ied 1imits.
A. A11 1o"ded t"n8s must be 2om!1ete1#
s4ot b1"sted "nd t4oroug41# 21e"ned
be3ore entering. AI !ub1i2"tion No.
201B, 201BA, 201B+ : 2202 s4"11 be
re3erred 3or t4e stor"ge t"n8s
2ont"ining 1o"ded !etro1eum !rodu2ts.
B. S"3et# be1ts s4"11 be 6orn 64i1e 6or8ing
on +osunOs 24"ir.

ANNEBURE - III
2ATER FILL-UP TEST OF A STORAGE TANK
T4is "nne5ure out1ines det"i1ed !rogr"mme
o3 2ondu2ting 4#dr"u1i2 testing o3 stor"ge
t"n8.
11 5YDRAULIC FILLING
1.1 T"n8 s4"11 be 3i11ed u! in st"ges o3 2.B
mts. e"24.
1.2 E"24 st"ge o3 1o"ding s4"11 be
m"int"ined 3or " minimum !eriod o3 D
d"#s or ti11 2ir2um3erenti"1 sett1ement
bet6een t6o su22essive !oints on t4e
t"n8 !eri!4er# is e7u"1 to or 1ess t4"n
2.B mm over t4e !revious 2A 4rs. T4e
1"rgest time 3or 64i24 e"24 st"ge o3
1o"ding is m"int"ined s4"11 be t4e one
64i24 o22urs 1"ter o3 t4e t6o 2onditions,
i.e. D d"#s or t4e r"te o3 sett1ement.
1.? T4e se7uen2e o3 3i11ing v"rious t"n8s in
" t"n8 3"rm s4"11 be su24 "s to "void
over-1"!!ing o3 sett1ements. To
"24ieve t4is, it 6ou1d be ne2ess"r# to
3i11 di"gon"11# o!!osite t"n8s 64en
simu1t"neous or individu"1 3i11ing is
2"rried out.
2 E"PTYING
2.1 T4e st"ges in 64i24 t4e 6"ter is em!tied
out 3rom t4e t"n8s s4"11 be t4e s"me "s
3or 3i11ing. A minimum 6"iting !eriod o3
12 4ours s4"11 be !ermitted bet6een
e"24 de1o"ding st"ge.
41 SETTLE"ENT O=SER>ATIONS +
"EASURE"ENTS
?.1 For t"n8s 6it4 2"!"2it# e7u"1 to or 1ess
t4"n ?000 2u.mt A m"r8ers m"# be
!1"2ed "t e7u"1 dist"n2e on t4e
2ir2um3eren2e o3 t4e t"n8s.
?.2 For t"n8s 6it4 2"!"2it# e7u"1 or gre"ter
t4"n B000 2u. mt 8 m"r8ers m"# be
!1"2ed "t e7u"1 dist"n2e on t4e
2ir2um3eren2e o3 t4e t"n8s.
?.? T4e !osition o3 e"24 m"r8er s4"11 be
indi2"ted on t4e t"n8 !1"n.
?.A Sett1ement me"sured s4"11 be t"8en "t
4our1# or t6o 4our1# interv"1 3rom
2ommen2ement o3 3i11ing o3 e"24 st"ge.
A3ter t4e 6"ter in t4e t"n8 4"s been
3i11ed u!to t4e desired st"ge t4e
sett1ement me"surement s4"11 be t"8en
"t 1,2,A,8, 1) : 2A 4r. "nd t4ere"3ter
ever# 2A 4rs. ti11 end o3 t4e s!e2i3ied
!eriod.
8 GRAP5S

A.1 1ots o3 sett1ement vEs time "nd 1o"d vEs
sett1ement s4"11 be !re!"red 3or e"24
t"n8. T4ese !1ots "re intended to s4o6
time r"te o3 3i11ing o3 t"n8s, st"bi1is"tion
o3 sett1ements "s !er t4e s!e2i3i2"tion
"nd m"gnitude o3 sett1ements.