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, I -',-, 638 (37) ,
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CHAPTER: 7
PROTECTIONCODE'
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7.1
General Principles
Protection standards are treated ,as' interfac~ issues because of the possible severe
inter-user boundary repercussions of faults that occur in the system of any entity.
Minimum protection requirements are prescribed in this section because inadequate
protection or m'al-operationof protectiQ!1system of any entity may result in far reaching
, consequences, disturbancesand even damages in the systemsof other entities. '
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No item of electrical equipment shall be allowed to remain connected to the State
'transmission system unless it is covered by minimum specifled protection aimed at
reliability, selectivity, speed and sensitivity. '
All users need to ,co-operateto ensure correct and appropriate settings of protectionto
, achieveeffective,discriminatoryremovalof faulty equipmentwithinthe timefor target
clearance specified In this section. , -', t . '
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Protection settings shall not be altered, or protection bypassed and/or disconneG,ted
, without consultation and agreement of all affected users. In the case where protection 18--..
, ,byp~ssed and/or disconnected, by agreement,then,~e' cause must be rectifled'and the
, protection restored to normal condition as quickly"aspossible. Ifagreement has notbeei1'
reached, the electrical equipment will be'removedfrom serviceforthwith.. ' ,
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7.2
WRLDC,shall advice STUregardl~g~ '. . ,
,(I), Planning for upgrading and strengthening prQtection system based on analysis of
, grid disturbance and.partl~l/tota'blackout in State,transmission sy~tem. '
(II)" , PI~nning of islanding and 'system split.:sbherriesand installation of under
frequency relaysanddf/qtrelays. . ' ',,' , . . ,
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'In~tallati,on of under-frequency - relay ,for, load sheddi~- relays provided for
, Islanding scheme, disturbance' recorder ,and' fault'locator Installed at various
sub-stations shall be tested and calibrated. The protection practices and Protocol
Manualshallhaveprovisionforthesame; " ,
ProtectlonCo.ordlnatlon
Users shall take, prompt action to correct any, protection malfunctipn or Issue as
. discussed and agreedto in these periodical meeting~-,,'
" Fault Clearance Times &Short.rlme Ratings' .
From a stability consideration, the minimumshort circuit current rating and time and the
maximum fault clearance times for faults on any user's systemdirectly connectedto the
State transmission system; or any faults on the State transmission system itself, are as
follows:
(iii)
7.3
7.4
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Nominal MinimumShort Circuit current
Target Fault
Voltage rating and, duration of clearance Time by
Switchgear primary protection
KV kA(rms) Second(s) m.sec.
400kV 40 1 60
220kV 31/40 1 140
132kV 25/31 3 140
638 (38) ~~,~30~2006
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Slower fault clearance times for fault's on a user's system may be agreed to but only if, in
STU's opinion, system conditions allow this. STU shall specify the required opening time and
rupturing capacity of the circuit breakers at various 10Ga!ionsfor STU and Discoms! op~n '
access customers directly connected to transmission system. At generating stations, line fauUs
should be cleared at the generation station end, within the critical clearing time, for the
generatorsto remaininsynchronism. . .' ,
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. 7.5
Generator Requirements '. .
The guidelines mentioned in the "Manual on protection of Generators, Generator Transformers,
and 220kV and 400 kV networks" vide publication. no 274 of CBIP shall be kept in view.
All generating units and all associated electrical equipment of.the generating units connected
to the State transmission system shall be protected by ~dequate protection so that the State
Transmission System does not suffer due to any disturbances .originating from the generation
unit. The generator protection schemes shall cover at least differential protection, back up
protection. stator eart~ fault protection. field groundlfield failure protection (not app!icable to
brush-less excitation system), negative sequence protection. under frequency, over flux
protection. back-up impedance protection and pole slipping protection (applicable to units
above 200MW), loss offield protection, reversepower protectionetc. .
7.6. Transmission Line Requirements
7.6.1 General
. Every EHV line ~aking off from a PQV'er Station or,s sub-station. shall have protection
and back up protection as mentioned below. STU shall notify userS-of any changes in
its pollcX on proteCtion frolT' time to time. . ". . .."
For short transmission lines, alternative appropriate protection schemesciri'ay be
adopted. .' . .' . . '." .
Relay panels for the protection of lines ,of STUtaklng off from a'power generating
station, shall be owned and maintained by the generator. Any transmission .line related
relay setting!) or any change in relay settings will' be carrted out by the generator in .
close co-ordination and. consultation wit~. STU and with the lattersapproval. Carrier
cabinets! equipment,. line m~tching units including wave traps and communication
~ cable shall be owned and.maintained by STU. All generators shall provide space.
connection facility, and access to STU for such purpose.
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.7.6.2 400kV transmission lines
All 400kY.transmission lines own~d by STUshall have two fast acting protection
schemes, the voltageof the two relaysshall befed from-two differentcores of the line
CVT andthe currentsof the two relay~shall.befed fromtwo differentcoresof the line
CTs. Main 1 protection scheme shall be numerldal, three zonei .lion-switchedfast
acting dlstafice protectionschemewith permissibleInter-tripat remoteend (incaseof
zone':2 fault) .. . . .
Main 2 protection scheme shan be either slrnilar type of numerical, three zone,
non-switched fast acting distance protection scheme withp~rmlssible Inter-trip at
.remote end (Incase of zc.ne-2fault) ORa unit protectionschemeemployingtransient
wave detection,directionalcomparisonor phasecomparisoncarrier relayingscheme.
One pole tripping.andsingle shot auto-rE!closlngwith adjustabledead-timeshall be
provided. .
Over voltage relay for steadY.state and transient over voltage rise will have to be
installed. .
40GkVand.220kVsystemwini~~~hJy.;~t~~~~t.~\1 br~~~~kiIJP.lI!rqectiQns.
40Q~V.line,J220kV lines protectlonwitl~mw"iQtEtr,."i1rrange~~~hr:ough ~arrierso
. t~a.t.trippir.!.g,.:~t oneendof IineJ$:tI:~.n,mi~.HQ~tle~\f)nd al$,o. .
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,: ,~~tW9~.~30~2006
638, (39) ,
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7.6.3 409kV Bus~bars'
All ~mOkVs~b:'station shall havebus bus-bar differential protection scheme along with
LBi3 and' auto-recICl$uresfor tran~mi~sionlines'.' , ,
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7.6.4 ,220kV transmlss,lo,nlln~s .,' , " ' ,
All 229kV transmissionlinesownedby"STUshallhavesingle,numerical, threezone, ,
nonswitchef:i fast acting distance protection scheme, preferably with permissible, '
inter-trip feature at remote enci (in case of Z:Qne-2fault); single pole tripping and single- '
:~hot single pqle autoreclosingwith'adjustable dead~timesh~il ,beprov.ided. ' ,
For back-up protecti,on\ three direct!onallDMT over currerit relays and one directional
earth fault relay shall be, provicied., ' " ' , ' ',' , ' ' ,
'Forsh'ort transmission lines, ~ppropriate alternative protection schen:,e~ may be
~do~ed.' " " , " '" '
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7.6.5 220kVaus-bars " ,
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, Identified important'420kV sub:-statiQn'(e.g., having generatlonirifeed, PGCIL '
interfacing substation etc.) $hall have bus bus-bar qifferential prottction scheme along
with LBB and,autoreclosl,Jresfor, tra,risrnis~,on.iine's. ' " " '
'7.6.6
1~2kV Lines'
, 7'.7
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A single three, zone, $witched/no'n;.switched-static distance protection scheme shall be
provided as main protection. The ,backLiii,'p'rptection,shall be at least two dire,ctional
IDMTL'overcurrentrelaysand'ohedirectional ,earthfault relay..' '. ' , '
f orshorttransmissio,n linetappropriat~ altef;n~tive proteCtionschemesmaybeadopted" '
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't~~nsf~rmer Requirements, '., ' ,
1 ' The'protectionof.' Auto Transformers,power Transformers and Distribution
Tran'sformers sball be, as per revised, m~nual on' transformers published by Central
Boardof IrrigationandPower(CBIP)Pu~l,ic~~ion~o. 275., " " , "
All wil)dings of, Alit6'Transformers andp;ower tra"nsformer'of EHT' class shall be
, ,protected by,differential relavs h~~i~gpercent bias and harmonic.restraintfeatures: .
~ve,r-fluxingr~iay?sha!I'be provided for EHT.trans,fqrmers.': ,
All 400kVclass' tran,sformers shall have Restricted Earth Fault (REF) prot~ction for
winding., , " ,", ' . " ' ,
,In addition. ther~ shail be back up lnve'r~e,d~finiteminimumtime (IDMT) over current
and earth fal,Jl~ protection. ' ' . ' ' '" .'
6 ' For parallel operation, such .back up protection shall have directionalfea4'!re. For
protection a,gainst heavy'short circuits, the over current relays should incorf::!rate a
high set instantaneous element, wherever.overall co-ordination permits the same, '
However, it should not rip due to inrush of the magnetising current and shoul.-:~not be
set to such a high value, which is not beneficial to transformer. "
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In ac;:lditionto electrical protection,.gas operated relays. wiridin'gtemp'~'rature
protectionandoil terpperatureprotectionshallbe provided. . ,
, It is recommendedthat the following minimum protections should be pro' ;ed for
transformers: '
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(a)
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All 400kV class power transformers shall be providedwith differentt~:,REF,
open delta (Neutral Displacement Relay) and over-fluxingrelays. In (..',ldiHon,
there shall.be back up IDMT ove~current and earth fault protection. For
parallel operatic;>n, such back up protectionshall have inter.trippingof bothHT
63& (40)
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and LT breakers. For protection against heavy $hort pircuits" the over current
rela'ysshould incorporate a, high setinstantaneous,elem,ent. In addition ~o
electrical protection, transform~r own protection viz. bU9hhOlz,.over load tap,
changer (OLTC) 011surge, "g'as operated relays,wlndingtemp~rature
protection,011temperatureprotection,pressurerealizev(ilve'(PRV)deviceshall
be providedfor alarm and trip functions. It i$ recommendedto have Double
, PRY, protection scheme fortransfor,mer tank. ",'
All 220kV class power transformers shail have samepr9te~ti()nsas me!1tioiled
in Sectionsasm~riti()ned in 8.8.8 (a) exceptREF protection. ,
Deltatertiary windingof ICT if used for,loadingpurpose,shallbe adequatelyprotected"
by alighting Arrestor, surge capacitorandneutraldispla~eme'nt relFiY (NOR)
protection connectingas open deltawinding of PT. " . , ,
Sub-station Fire Protection , ' " ,
Adequate precautions shall be,taken and protection shall be provided against fire hazards to
all apparatus of the users conforming to relevant 'Indian ,Standard Specification and lor' , ' "~
prbyisl6ns in'LE. Rules. ,~ ' ,: '
(b)
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1.9 '
'Calibration & ,Testing, ',' ,.'", .,' ,." ," "t , ' ", ' ",'" , ,,', '
The protectionsche'me shall be tested ateach'400kV, 220kV,132kVsub..:station 'bySTU once
in a year or immediately after' any major fault,wt.lich ever is earlier.;Setting"co..;ordinaUon I
testing and calibratiol1 of all protection 'schemeS'?JjeifaTnil)gto'generating units/stations shall
be responsibilityof CSEB.' ...,..,:,:.~~7":;+""''';'''"}'>'''"' ' '
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7~10 Data RequirementS '\ " , ' ",'~"~' ~~: " ",,'" , '.
'..;' ,'UsersshallprovldeSTUwith data for this section'a$'~p~cifiedOjn~heDataRegistration section.
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