Intelsat, S.A. is a communications satellite services provider.

Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), it

wasfrom 1964 to 2001anintergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation
of communications satellites providing international broadcast services.
As of March 2011, Intelsat operates a fleet of 52 communications satellites, which is the world's
largest fleet of commercial satellites.
[1]

Contents
[hide]
1 History
o 1.1 Commercialization
o 1.2 Privatization
o 1.3 Current operation
2 Renaming of Satellites
3 Satellite details
o 3.1 Retired
o 3.2 Active
o 3.3 Satellites under construction
4 In-space refueling demonstration project
5 Launch vehicle
6 See also
7 External links
o 7.1 Data
8 References
History[edit]


INTELSAT I Early Bird


An Intelsat IVA Satellite
The Inter-Governmental Organization (IGO) began on August 20, 1964, with 11 participating countries.
On April 6, 1965, Intelsats first satellite, the Intelsat I (nicknamed Early Bird), was placed
in geostationary orbit above the Atlantic Ocean by a Delta D rocket.
In 1973, the name was changed and there were 80 signatories. Intelsat provides service to over 600
Earth stations in more than 149 countries, territories and dependencies. By 2001, INTELSAT had over
100 members. It was also this year that INTELSAT privatized and changed its name to Intelsat.
Since its inception, Intelsat has used several versions (blocks) of its dedicated Intelsat satellites.
INTELSAT completes each block of spacecraft independently, leading to a variety of contractors over
the years. Intelsats largest spacecraft supplier is Space Systems/Loral, having built 31 spacecraft (as
of 2003), or nearly half of the fleet.
The network in its early years was not as robust as it is now. A failure of the Atlantic satellite in the
spring of 1969
[when?]
threatened to stop the Apollo 11 mission; a replacement satellite went into a bad
orbit and could not be recovered in time; NASA had to resort to using undersea cable telephone
circuits to bring Apollo's communications to NASA during the mission.
[2]
Fortunately, during the Apollo
11moonwalk, the moon was over the Pacific Ocean, and so other antennas were used, as well as
INTELSAT III, which was in geostationary orbit over the Pacific.
[3]

Commercialization[edit]
Due to heavy lobbying by PanAmSat, a US satellite operator, the US congress passed the Open
Market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications (ORBIT) Act
[4]
to
privatize the international organization. In April 1998, to appease the US government, Intelsat's senior
management spun off five of its older satellites to a private Dutch entity, New Skies Satellites, which
became a direct competitor to INTELSAT. To avert the US government's interference with Intelsat,
Intelsat's senior management unsuccessfully considered relocating the IGO to another country.
[citation
needed]

Privatization[edit]
On July 18, 2001, Intelsat became a private company, 37 years after formation. Prior to Intelsat's
privatization in 2001, ownership and investment in INTELSAT (measured in shares) was distributed
among INTELSAT members according to their use of services. Investment shares determined each
members percentage of the total contribution needed to finance capital expenditures. The
organizations primary source of revenue was satellite usage fees which, after deduction of operating
costs, was redistributed to INTELSAT members in proportion to their shares as repayment of capital
and compensation for use of capital. Satellite services were available to any organization (both
INTELSAT members and non-members), and all users paid the same rates.
[citation needed]

Today, the number of Intelsat satellites, as well as ocean-spanning fibre-optic lines, allows rapid
rerouting of traffic when one satellite fails. Modern satellites are more robust, lasting longer with much
larger capacity.
[citation needed]

Intelsat Americas-7 (known formerly as Telstar 7 and now known as Galaxy 27) experienced a
several-day power failure on November 29, 2004.
[5]
The satellite returned to service with reduced
capacity.
[6]



The former Intelsat administrative headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Intelsat was sold for U.S. $3.1bn in January 2005 to four private equity firms: Madison Dearborn
Partners, Apax Partners, Permira andApollo Global Management. The company
acquired PanAmSat on July 3, 2006, and is now the world's largest provider of fixed satellite services,
operating a fleet of 52 satellites in prime orbital locations. In June 2007 BC Partners announced they
had acquired 76 percent of Intelsat for about 3.75 billion euros.
[7]

In April 2013 the renamed Intelsat S.A. undertook an initial public offering on the New York Stock
Exchange, raising a net $550 million USD, of which $492 million was paid immediately to reduce
outstanding company debts of $15.9 billion USD. In May the company announced it would be
purchasing four new high-performance Boeing EpicNG 702 MP satellites.
[8][9]

Current operation[edit]
Intelsat maintains its corporate headquarters in Luxembourg, with a majority of staff and satellite
functions administrative headquarters located at the Intelsat Corporation offices in Washington,
DC. In 2012 Intelsat announced that they would relocate their US headquarters from Washington to
nearby Tysons Corner, Virginia by mid-2014.
[10]
A highly international business, Intelsat sources the
majority of its revenue from non-U.S. located customers. Intelsat's biggest teleport is the Teleport
Fuchsstadt in Germany.
Spacecraft operations are controlled through ground stations
in Hagerstown, Maryland (USA), Riverside, California (USA), and Fuchsstadt, Germany.
[11]

Renaming of Satellites[edit]
On February 1, 2007, Intelsat changed the names of 16 of its satellites formerly known under
the Intelsat Americas and PanAmSat brands to Galaxy and Intelsat, respectively.
[12][13]

Satellite details[edit]
Main article: List of Intelsat satellites
Satellite Coverage Map (HTML)
Retired[edit]
Name Manufacturer
Satellite
type
Payload
Launch
vehicle
Launch
date
Status
Intelsat
I (Early
Bird)
Hughes

Delta 30 6 April 1965 Retired
Intelsat II F-
1 (Blue
Bird)
*

Hughes

Delta 42
26 October
1966
**

Failed to achieve
geosynchronous orbit due to
short burn of apogee
engine
[14][15]

Intelsat II F-
2 (Lani Bird)
Hughes

Delta 44
11 January
1967
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat II F-
3 (Canary
Bird)
Hughes

Delta 47
23 March
1967
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat II F-
4
Hughes

Delta 52
27
September
1967
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-1
TRW

Delta 59
18
September
1968
Launch Failure
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-2
TRW

Delta 63
18
December
1968
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-3
TRW

Delta 66
5 February
1969
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-4
TRW

Delta 68
21 May
1969
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-5
TRW

Delta 71 25 July 1969 Launch Failure
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-6
TRW

Delta 75
14 January
1970
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-7
TRW

Delta 78
22 April
1970
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat III
F-8
TRW

Delta 79
23 July
1970
**

De-orbited?
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-1
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 35
22 May
1975
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-2
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 25
25 January
1971
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-3
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 26
19
December
1971
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-4
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 28
22 January
1972
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-5
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 29
13 June
1972
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-6
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 33
20 February
1974
Launch Failure
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-7
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 31
23 August
1972
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV
F-8
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 32
21
November
1974
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV-A
F-1
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 36
25
September
1975
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV-A
F-2
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 37
29 January
1976
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV-A
F-3
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 46
6 January
1978
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV-A
F-4
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 36
26 May
1977
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV-A
F-5
Hughes

Atlas-
Centaur 43
29
September
1977
Launch Failure
[citation needed]

Intelsat IV-A
F-6
Hughes
[citation
needed]


Atlas-
Centaur 48
31 March
1978
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
501
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas-
Centaur 56
23 May
1981
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
502
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas-
Centaur 54
6 December
1980
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
503
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas-
Centaur 55
15
December
Retired
[citation needed]

1981
Intelsat V -
504
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas-
Centaur 58
4 March
1982
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
505
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas-
Centaur 60
28
September
1982
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
506
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas-
Centaur 61
19 May
1983
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
507
Ford
Aerospace

Ariane 1 V7
18 October
1983
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
508
Ford
Aerospace

Ariane 1 V8
4 March
1984
Retired
[citation needed]

Intelsat V -
509
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas G 9 June 1984 Launch Failure
Intelsat V -
510
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas G
22 March
1985
Retired
Intelsat V -
511
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas G
29 June
1985
Retired
Intelsat V -
512
Ford
Aerospace

Atlas G
28
September
1985
Retired
Intelsat V -
513
Ford
Aerospace

Ariane 2 V23
17 May
1988
Retired
Intelsat V -
514
Ford
Aerospace

Ariane 2 V18
30 May
1986
Launch Failure
Intelsat V -
515
Ford
Aerospace

Ariane 2 V28
26 January
1989
Retired
Intelsat VI -
601
Hughes

Ariane 44L
V47
29 October
1991
Retired
Intelsat VI -
602
Hughes

Ariane 44L
V34
27 October
1989
Retired
Intelsat VI -
603
Hughes

Commercial
Titan III
14 March
1990
**

Spacecraft successfully re-
boosted during STS-
49 Mission, 7 May 1992
Intelsat VI -
604
Hughes

Commercial
Titan III
23 June
1990
Retired
Intelsat VI -
605
Hughes

Ariane 4 V45
14 August
1991
Retired
Intelsat K GE

Atlas IIA (AC-
105)
9 June 1992 Retired
Intelsat VII-
702
Space Systems
Loral

Ariane 44LP
V64
17 June
1994

Intelsat VII-
703
Space Systems
Loral

Atlas IIA (AC-
111)
6 October
1994

Intelsat VII-
704
Space Systems
Loral

Atlas IIA (AC-
113)
10 January
1995
Retired
Intelsat VII-
706
Space Systems
Loral

Ariane 44LP
V73
17 May
1995
?
Intelsat VII-
708
Space Systems
Loral

Long March
3B
15 February
1996
Launch Vehicle Failure
NOTE:
*
"F" denotes "flight" version. Initial satellites at Intelsat were designed and manufactured as
identical copies, where the flight number, for example Flight-2 (F-2) was used to differentiate individual
satellites of the series.
**
Titan upper stage failed to release.
Active[edit]
Name Manufacturer
Satellite
type
Payload
Orbital
location
Launch vehicle Launch date
Intelsat 701
Space Systems
Loral

180.0E Ariane 44LP V60
22 October
1993
Intelsat 705
Space Systems
Loral

50.0W
Atlas IIA (AC-
115)
22 March
1995
Intelsat 707
Space Systems
Loral

53.0W Ariane 44LP V84
14 March
1996
Intelsat 709
Space Systems
Loral

85.2E Ariane 44P V87 15 June 1996
Intelsat 801 Lockheed Martin LM-3000

31.5W Ariane 44P V94
28 February
1997
Intelsat 802 Lockheed Martin LM-3000

32.9E Ariane 4 V96 25 June 1997
Intelsat 803 Lockheed Martin LM-3000

Ariane 4 V100
23
September
1997
Intelsat 804 Lockheed Martin LM-3000

Ariane 4 V104
21 December
1997
Intelsat 805 Lockheed Martin LM-3000

55.5W
Atlas IIA (AC-
153)
18 June 1998
Intelsat 806 Lockheed Martin LM-3000

Atlas IIA (AC-151
27 February
1998
Intelsat 901
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

18.0W
Ariane 44L-3
V141
9 June 2001
Intelsat 902
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

62.0E
Ariane 44L-3
V143
29 August
2001
Intelsat 903
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

34.5W
Proton-K/Block
DM-3 #28L
30 March
2002
Intelsat 904
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

60.0E Ariane 44L V148
23 February
2002
Intelsat 905
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

24.5W Ariane 44L V152 6 June 2002
Intelsat 906
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

64.2E Ariane 44L V154
6 September
2002
Intelsat 907
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

27.5W Ariane 44L V159
15 February
2003
Intelsat 10-02 Astrium
Eurostar
E3000

1.0W Proton-M/Briz-M 16 June 2004
Galaxy 28 (Intelsat
Americas-8)
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

89.0W
Sea
Launch Zenit-3SL
23 June 2005
Galaxy 16
(PanAmSat 16)
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

99.0W
Sea
Launch Zenit-3SL
18 June 2006
Galaxy 17 Alcatel FS-1300

91.0W
Ariane 5-ECA
V176
5 May 2007
Galaxy 25

93.5W
Proton-K/Block
DM-4
24 May 1997
Intelsat-11 Orbital Sciences Star-2

43.1W Ariane 5GS V178
5 October
2007
Horizons-2 Orbital Sciences Star-2

74.0W Ariane 5GS V180
21 December
2007
Galaxy
18 (PanAmSat
Galaxy 18)
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

123.0W
Sea
Launch Zenit-3SL
21 May 2008
Galaxy 19 (Intelsat
Americas 9)
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

97.0W
Sea
Launch Zenit-3SL
24
September
2008
Intelsat 14
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

315 EL Atlas V 431
24 November
2009
Intelsat 15
Orbital Sciences
Corp
Star 2

85 EL
Land
Launch Zenit-3SL
30 November
2009
Intelsat 16
Orbital Sciences
Corp
Star-2

58 West Proton
12 February
2010
Intelsat 17
Space Systems
Loral
FS-1300

66 East
Ariane 5ECA
V198
26 November
2010
Intelsat New Dawn
Orbital Sciences
Corporation (OSC)
Star-2.4
Bus

32.8E Ariane 5 22 April 2011
Intelsat 18
Orbital Sciences
Corporation (OSC)
Star-2.4
Bus

180 East Zenit-3SLB
5 October
2011
Intelsat 22
Boeing Space
702MP
BSS-
702MP

72.1 east Proton-M 25 Mar 2012
Intelsat 19
Space Systems
Loral
SS/L-1300

166 East Zenit-3SL
1 June 2012
*
Intelsat 19 failed to deploy one of two solar arrays in the day following launch.
[16]

Satellites under construction[edit]
As of June 2012, Intelsat has announced several upcoming satellite launches.
Name
Manufactur
er
Satellit
e type
Orbital
locatio
n
spacecra
ft Weight
spacecra
ft Dry
mass
spacecra
ft power
Service
Life
Launc
h date
Launc
h
vehicl
e
Payload
Intels
at 20
Space
Systems
Loral
SS/L-
1300
68.5
East
6,094 kg 2,989 kg
19.3KW
end of life
24Years
2Aug
2012
Ariane
-5ECA
24@36M
hz C-
band,
60@36M
hz Ku-
band, 1
KA-band
Intels
at 21
Boeing
Space
702MP
BSS-
702MP
302
East
5984KG

12KW 18Years
18Aug
2012
Zenit
3SL
36 Ku, 24
C
Intels
at 23
Orbital
Sciences
Corporation
(Star-2
Bus
2.4)
53
West
3200 KG

4.8KW 15Years
Aug
2012
Proton
-M
15 Ku, 24
C
Intels
at 27
Boeing
Space
702MP
BSS-
702MP
304.5
East
6241 KG

12KW
Destroye
d launch
failure
2/1/201
3
Zenit
3SL
24Ku
equivalen
t of
36 MHz,
24C
equivalen
t of
36 MHz,
20UHF
equivalen
t of
25 kHz
Intels
at 28
not under
contract

Intels
at 29
not under
contract

Intels
at 30
not under
contract

Intels
at 31
not under
contract

In-space refueling demonstration project[edit]
Main article: MDA Space Infrastructure Servicing vehicle
As of March 2011, Intelsat has agreed to purchase one-half of the 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb)
propellant payload that an MDA Corporation spacecraft satellite-servicingdemonstration project would
take to geostationary orbit. Catching up in orbit with four or five Intelsat communication satellites, a
fuel load of 200 kilograms (440 lb) of fuel delivered to each satellite would add somewhere between
two and four years of additional service life.
[17]
A near-end-of-life Intelsat satellite will be moved to a
graveyard orbit 200 to 300 kilometres (120190 mi) above the geostationary belt where the refueling
will be done, "without consequence" to the Intelsat business.
[1]

As of March 2010, the business model was still evolving. MDA "could ask customers to pay per
kilogram of fuel successfully added to [each] satellite, with the per-kilogram price being a function of
the additional revenue the operator can expect to generate from the spacecrafts extended operational
life."
[18]

The plan is that the fuel-depot vehicle would maneuver to several satellites, dock at the target
satellites apogee-kick motor, remove a small part of the target spacecrafts thermal protection blanket,
connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. "MDA officials estimate the docking
maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service for about 20 minutes."
[18]

Launch vehicle[edit]
On May 30, 2012 Intelsat signed a contract with Space Exploration technologies Corporation for the
first Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
[19]

See also[edit]
Eutelsat
Inmarsat
Intersputnik
Intelsat Americas
SES S.A.
COMSAT
Intelsat 708
External links[edit]
Intelsat, Ltd.
Market Developments in the Global Satellite Services Industry and the Implementation of the
ORBIT Act GAO-05-550T April 14, 2005
Data[edit]
Yahoo! - Intelsat, Ltd. Company Profile
Pacific Satellite Fails
Coordinates: 385630N 770349W
References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Intelsat.
1. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
de Selding, Peter B. (2011-03-18). "Intelsat Signs Up for MDAs Satellite Refueling
Service". Space News. Retrieved 2011-03-20. "the operator of the worlds largest fleet of commercial
satellites Intelsat has 52 in orbit. ... For this first demonstration mission, ... one of our satellites that is
at the end of its life and about to be decommissioned ... will be taken out of geostationary orbit without
consequence to our business, with the refueling done 200 to 300 kilometers above the geostationary
belt."
2. Jump up^ Donald E. Kimberlin (June 1, 1994). "Camelot on the Moon". Retrieved September 22, 2006.
3. Jump up^ "On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission" (PDF).
Astronomical Society of Australia. July 1, 2001. Retrieved September 22, 2006.
4. Jump up^ ORBIT Act
5. Jump up^ http://portal.wikinerds.org/node/152 Wikinerds.org posting concerning IA-7 outage
6. Jump up^ Gunter's Space Page - information on Galaxy 27
7. Jump up^ "BC Partners Wins Control Of Satellite Group Intelsat". SpaceDaily.
8. Jump up^ http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/04/18/intelsat-ipo-misses-target-on-launch/ Intelsat
IPO Misses Target on Launch
9. Jump up^ http://www.satellitetoday.com/st/feature/Intelsat-Signs-New-Major-Boeing-Deal-Releases-
First-Quarter-Results_41163.html Intelsat Signs New Major Boeing Deal, Releases First Quarter Results
10. Jump up^ Macerich's Tysons Tower Signs Intelsat as Anchor Office Tenant
11. Jump up^ http://www.intelsat.com/aboutus/careers/locations.aspx List of Intelsat locations
12. Jump up^ http://www.intelsat.com/network/satellite/new-names.asp Further renaming information at
Intelsat.
13. Jump up^ Satellite name change table, http://www.intelsat.com/network/satellite/conversion-table.asp
14. Jump up^ MSL-JPL, Intelsat 2
15. Jump up^ http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-2.htm
16. Jump up^ http://www.spacenews.com/satellite_telecom/120602-intelsat-19-satellite-fails-deploy-solar-
array.html, Intelsat 19 Satellite Fails To Deploy Solar Array
17. Jump up^ de Selding, Peter B. (2011-03-14). "Intelsat Signs Up for Satellite Refueling Service". Space
News. Retrieved 2011-03-15. "if the MDA spacecraft performs as planned, Intelsat will be paying a total
of some $200 million to MDA. This assumes that four or five satellites are given around 200 kilograms
each of fuel. ... The maiden flight of the vehicle would be on an International Launch Services Proton
rocket, industry officials said. One official said the MDA spacecraft, including its 2,000 kilograms of
refueling propellant, is likely to weigh around 6,000 kilograms at launch."
18. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Selding, Peter B. (2010-03-03). "MDA Designing In-orbit Servicing Spacecraft". Space
News. Retrieved 2011-03-14. "the refueling vehicle would dock at the target satellites apogee-kick
motor, peel off a section of the crafts thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and
deliver the propellant. MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications
satellite out of service for about 20 minutes. ... The servicing robot would have an in-orbit life of about
five years, and would carry enough fuel to perform 10 or 11 satellite-refueling or orbital-
cleanup missions."
19. Jump up^ http://www.satellitetoday.com/st/headlines/38899.html, SpaceX Signs Falcon Heavy Launch
Deal with Intelsat