Date: 18-02-2012

Linguistic Class # 4
Reference: The main focus in a conversation
Snonms: !or"s #ith the same meaning for e$am%le1:
&ountain-hill
'$am%le 2: !oman-female(
)omo%hones: The #or"s that ou #rite in "i*erent #a +ut
the have the same soun"(
,or e$am%le: Deer- Dear or Sun-Son(
)omogra%hs: !or"s that #ritten in the same #a +ut #ith
"i*erent %ronunciation e$am%les: tear -tir. - tear -tier.(
/ntonms: !or"s #ith "i*erent meaning for e$am%le: 0lac1-
!hite or angr-ha%% an" ugl-+eautiful(
&or%holog
&or%ho2 the +asic #ritten unit ho# ou use the #or"s3 /n"
ho# those #or"s are creative"3
!or" ,ormation
1( Coinage: !hen #e invent a #or" an" #e use that #or" as a
%art of the language( /lso it coul" +e a +ran" or a name of
%eo%le or all relate" matters #ith in"ustries4 com%anies an"
%ro"ucts( '$am%les: e-mail4 5ero$4 6o"a14 7lon4 8rlon4 9ell-84
San"#ich4 ro+ot4 :um+o4 an" gargantuan(
2( Derivation : #hen ou creative a #or" using a;$es- su;$es4
%re<$es an" in<$es. :
1-%re;$es e$am%le2 unim%ortant
2-Su*e$es e$am%le2#il"ness
=-in<$es -#or" in the mi""le. 2 hallefuc1ullian
'$am%les #ith %re<$es:
/-moral
/uto-+iogra%h
'$-#ife
Su%er-human
Re-%rint
Su+-minimal
'$am%les su;$es:
>icar-age
8l"-ish
>eget -/rian
,a"" -ist
&usic-an
)umanit -arain
=( Com%oun"2 t#o #or"s :oine" to form a ne# #or"
e$am%les2
7ote+oo1
0oo1shelf
?oliceman
,ireman
4-0len"ing: t#o #or"s together +ut some elements are losing
in those #or"s( @t is "i;cult to "istinguish the t#o #or"s(
'$am%les:
Smong 2 smo1er A fog
0runch 2 +rea1fast A lunch
&otel2motorA hotel
@nfomercial2information Acommercial
Brinalsis2urineAanalsis
?o"casting2?o" A casting
i?oD
Snort
Cocogator2 croco"ile A alligator
C- 0orro#ing: using #or"s that come to another language
e$am%les 2
Tcoon
,iancDe
?riest
Church
@nsult
?remium
Lasso
0ofrien"
S1scra%er
E-0ac1formation: #e are forming a #or" going +ac1 to the
+eginning(
'$am%les:
Communication 2 noun
Communicate2 ver+
Re%etition2 noun
Re%ete2 ver+
/ction2noun
/ct2ver+
'$em%tion2noun
'$em%t2ver+
Revision 2noun
Resive2ver+
F-Cli%%ing: !hen #e use one %art of the #or"(
'$am%les:
Gm2gmnasium
@nfo2information
0rach2
/"2a"vertisement
0i1e2+iccle
Gas2gasoline
&ath2mathematics
?hone2 tele%hone
0us2omni+us
>an2caravan
Dis2"isres%ect
Ra"2ra"ical
,a$2facsimile
?rof2 %rofessor
8-/cronms: / #or" #hen ever single letter has a meaning
-a++reviation.(
'$am%les:
C(R
B(S(/
7(/(S(/2 7ational aeronautics an" s%ace a"ministration(
C(C(S(S
&'?
L(/(S('(R
B(7('(S(C(82Bnite" 7ation e"ucational scienti<c an" cultural
organiHation
B(7(@(C('(,2 Bnite" 7ation international chil"ren emergenc
fun"
R(/(&2ran"om access memor
7(,(L2 7ational foot+all language
&(R(@2magic resonance imaging
G(B(@2 gra%hical user interface
?(D(/2?ersonal "igital assistant
&(?('(G2
&(?(=
B(C(L(/
I-Referencial: The same #or" using in "i*erent conte$t that
change the function of the #or"s for e$am%les: usage4
Jo#ers(
'$am%les:
She li1es Jo#ers 2 here Jo#ers - noun.
She is Jo#ering her gar"en2here Jo#ering -ver+.(
&or%hological:
1( ,ree &or%heme: @t has meaning + itself for e$am%le: chair4
he4 its(
,ree &or%hemes Le$ical: 7ouns4 ver+s4 a"ver+s4 a":ectives(
,ree &or%hemes ,unctional: ?re%ositions4 con:unctions an"
articles(
2( 0oun" &or%hemes: @t nee"s to +e attache" the #or" in other
to un"erstan" the meaning: ful4 er4 al4 tion4 un an" in(
0oun" &or%heme DerivationalK change the function of the
#or"s an" a"" meaning in a #or" #ith the termination l4 al 4
cation for e$am%le: nature -noun. natural -a":ective.4 +o
-noun. +oish -a":ective.4 health -noun. healthful -a":ective.4
alcohol -noun. alcoholic -a":ective.4 moral-noun.
moraliHe-ver+.4s%eci<c -a":ective. s%eci<cit-noun.4
a+stract-a":ective. a+straction -noun. 4 frien"-noun.
frien"shi%-noun.4 human-noun. humanit-noun.4 recover4
%urif
0oun" &or%heme @nJectional: @t a""s information to the #or"
+oth are the same #or" for it coul" %luralit or %ossession
e$am%le: &ar4 &arLs an" #Lor1 or #or1s
?ractice
1- She is a girlMs "og is reall +eautiful(
She 2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
@s 2 free &or%heme Nle$ical(
Gir2free &or%hemeNle$ical(
S2+oun" &or%hemeNinJectional(
Dog2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
Rea2free &or%hemeNle$ical
L2+oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
0eau2free &or%heme Nle$ical(
ti2 +oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
,ul2 +oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
2-the +os are "rin1ing #ater from the +ottles(
The2 free mor%heme Nfunctional(
0o2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
S2 +oun" &or%hemeNinJectional(
/re2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
Drin12 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
@ng2 +oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
!ater2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
,rom2 free mor%heme Nfunctional(
The 2 free mor%heme Nfunctional(
0ottles2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
=-these %eo%le are o+serving the shee% that are eating(
These2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
?eo%le2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
8+ser2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
>ing2 +oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
The 2 free mor%heme Nfunctional(
Shee%2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
That 2free mor%heme Nfunctional(
'at2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
@ng2 +oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
4- To see that cring +a+ has +een an unforgetta+le
e$%erience(
To2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
See2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
That 2 free mor%heme Nfunctional(
Cr2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
@ng2 +oun" &or%hemeN"erivational(
0a+2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
)as2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
0een2 free &or%hemeNle$icalN%ast %artici%le(
/n2 free mor%heme Nfunctional(
Bnforget2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
Ta+le2 +oun" &or%hemeNinJectional(
'$%erience2 free &or%hemeNle$ical(
!or" formation classi<es the ne$t #or"s:
1-chil"ren2 "erivation
2-humi"2+orro#ing
=-Concentrate2 +ac1formation
4-con"o2cli%%ing
C-7lon2Coinage
E-%re"icta+le2"erivational
F-+eautiful2"erivationalN+orro#ing french
8-un1no#2"erivational
I-e$%ecte"2 "erivational
10-rene#2 "erivational
11-ra"ioactive2com%oun"N"erivational
12chival2 "erivationalN+orro#ing
1=-omen2+orro#ing Latin
14-su%erman2 com%oun"N"erivational
1C-suicital2+orro#ingN"erivational ,rench
1E-natural2"erivationalN+orro#ing
1F-greatest2 "erivational
18-%schological2+orro#ingNcom%oun"(
1I-consciouness2"erivationalN+orro#ing Latin(