Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication

Practical No:1
INTRODUCTION OF EPB(EDUCATIONAL PRACTISE BOARD):
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Embedded System !
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
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Practical No:2
INTRODUCTION OF IDE-51 COMPILER:
%nce the soft&are is installed' clic( on Start)Programs and you should see a ne& menu
o*tion +SP, Systems- I.E51/C01 &hen you select it' you should further see t&o sub/
o*tions2 +.ebugger0 and +I.E03 If you clic( on +.ebugger0' it &ill start the Simulator
*rogram3 If you clic( on +I.E0' it &ill start the I.E *rogram3 To create your first *ro4ect'
clic( on the +I.E03
%nce the I.E *rogram starts' it &ill usually ha5e automatically o*ened one of the
e6am*le *rograms3 To create your first *ro4ect' com*ile it and debug it' follo& these
sim*le ste*s3
17 Select Pro4ect)Close from the menu3 This &ill close the currently o*en *ro4ect of
the e6am*le *rogram3
27 Select 8ile)9e& 8ile from the menu3 This &ill create a blan( *rogram &indo&' in
&hich you can ty*e the *rogram3 :ou may ty*e the follo&ing2
;include <sfr313h=
;include <stdio3h=
;include <standard3h=
5oid main >7 ?
init@ser>7 1
&hile>17 ?
*rintf>+Aello &orldBCn07 1
D
D
37 Efter ty*ing the *rogram' select 8ile)Sa5e Es to sa5e the ne& *rogram file and
gi5e it a suitable name e3g3 first3c
47 Select 8ile)9e& Pro4ect from the menu3 Ty*e a name for your ne& *ro4ect e3g3
first3*r4 in the 8ilename bo6 and then clic( on the %*en button3
57 9o& you should see the Pro4ect Settings &indo& as sho&n in figure 13 9ear the
to* of this &indo&' you see the title +8iles in Pro4ect0 and 4ust belo& it' you &ill
see a &indo& &hich lists the files &hich are *art of this *ro4ect3 In this &indo&'
the I.E automatically inserts a file &ith the same name as your *ro4ect' but &ith
e6tension 3C3 So you &ill see the name +first3c0 already listed in this &indo&3
E5ery *ro4ect must ha5e one C file in it3 E *ro4ect can also o*tionally ha5e one
ESF *atch file and one GIH file3 If you need to add a file' you can clic( on the
+Edd a 8ile0 button3 Similarly' to remo5e a filename from the list' you may select
the filename and then clic( on +Iemo5e 8ile0 button3 8or our first *ro4ect' 4ust
one C file is enough3
7 8urther' there are se5eral other o*tions that you can set as *er your needs3
!7 This com*iler su**orts almost all micro/controllers from the "$51 family3 To set
some of the com*iler o*tions correctly' you may select a manufacturer from the
list and then you may select the desired chi* number from the list of micro/
controllers3 If you are not able to find the manufacturer ) micro/controller name in
the lists' still it is 5ery li(ely that the com*iler su**orts the chi* that you &ant to
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use3 In this case' select +%ther0 for manufacturer as &ell as for the micro/
controller3 8or our e6am*le' you may select Intel)"$313
"7 Jhen you select the desired manufacturer)micro/controller' the com*iler
automatically +(no&s0 &hether the selected chi* has 12" bytes internal IEF or
25 bytes3 Ao&e5er' if you ha5e selected +%ther0 as manufacturer and C' then
you may need to manually s*ecify &hether your C has 12" bytes or 25 bytes
Internal IEF3
#7 This C Com*iler su**orts t&o memory models K Garge >select this if e6ternal data
memory is a5ailable7 and Small >select this if e6ternal data memory is not
a5ailable73 8or our e6am*le' *lease select small memory model3
1$7 In case you selected Garge memory mode' you need to tell the com*iler ho&
much e6ternal data IEF is a5ailable >s*ecify e6ternal IEF start and end
addresses7 so the com*iler &ill *lace all your 5ariables &ithin this s*ace3
117 Code %ffset is the address from &here code &ill be generated3 Hy default' it is $
as "$51 reset 5ector is $3 Ao&e5er' if reLuired' you can ty*e a non/Mero code
offset3 8or e6am*le' if you &ant to do&nload the code into the IEF address
$62$$$ of target >li(e in our Fa6i51 e5aluation board7' you may need to enter
2$$$ as code offset3
127 The standard "$51 has 5 interru*t sources and their corres*onding 5ectors are at
addresses $6$$$3' $6$$$b' $6$$13' $6$$1b and $6$$233 So the com*iler must
lea5e these locations unused3 Hy default' the com*iler lea5es first $6$$5$
locations in *rogram memory for interru*t 5ectors3 Ao&e5er' some "$51
deri5ati5es *ro5ide many more interru*t sources' so their 5ector locations can be
beyond $6$$5$3 In such case' you can change the 5alue from $6$$5$ to &hate5er
you desire3
137 If you &ant to use the simulator' you must chec( the o*tion +Nenerate debug
info0 so the com*iler generates the files needed by the simulator' so it can
facilitate source le5el debugging3
147 Hy default' the com*iler generates only HI9ary file K that is I%F image file3 If
you &ant Intel AEO format file' chec( the o*tion +Nenerate AEO file03
157 Chec( +Nenerate GST file0 o*tion to generate the listing file3
17 The com*iler can insert C source lines >as comments7 in the generated ESF code'
if you chec( the corres*onding o*tion3
1!7 Chec( +Nenerate %F8 file0 o*tion if you need the %F8 file for debugging &ith
an In Circuit Emulator3
1"7 If you are using the PSH chi*s from Cy*ress)Enchor' the com*iler needs to
generate code little differently3 So &hen you select Cy*ress or Enchor as
manufacturer' the o*tion +Psing EQPSH chi*sR0 is automatically chec(ed3
Similarly' if any other manufacturer is selected' then this o*tion is automatically
9%T chec(ed3 Ao&e5er' if you select +%ther0 as manufacturer' then you must
manually either chec( or not chec( this o*tion3 Jhen you chec( this o*tion' the
com*iler assumes that the ne& S8I +FPENE0 at address $6#2 must be used to
hold the high byte of address &hile using the +mo56 SIi0 instructions3
1#7 Jhen you ha5e set all the o*tions correctly' clic( %(3
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8igure 1
2$7 Select Com*ile)Com*ile from the menu3 This &ill in5o(e the com*iler &ith
a**ro*riate o*tions3 The com*iling *rocess may ta(e a &hile3 Efter that' the
com*ilerTs out*ut &ill be dis*layed in UCom*iler %ut*ut Jindo&-3 Hro&se
through it' to ma(e sure that there are no errors in your *rograms3 >In case you
detect any error in your *rogram' 4ust double clic( on the error message in the
UCom*iler %ut*ut Jindo&-3 This &ill automatically mo5e the cursor into the
Program file onto the line containing error3 Correct the error and com*ile again37
217 Select Iun).ebugger from the menu3 This &ill start the Simulator >JSIF5173
227 The JSIF51/C &ill dis*lay four &indo&s2 Program Jindo&' C Variable Jatch
Jindo&' S8I Jatch Jindo&' Serial Jindo&3 The *rogram &indo& contains
your *rogram3 %*tionally you can o*en)close other &indo&s i3e3' E6ternal IEF
Jatch &indo&' Internal IEF Jatch &indo&' I% Jatch Jindo&3
237 Select Configuration ) Vie&)Change Configuration ) Femory Fodel ) Small from
the menu3 Je need to do this' because' &e had selected the small memory model
&hile com*iling our *rogram3
247 To single ste* through your *rogram' Select Iun)Single/Ste* from the menu or
*ress 8!3 Jhen you do so' a band a**ears on the first statement in the main>7
function3 In our e6am*le' it is the +init@ser>70 function call3 It means' &hen you
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*ress 8! again' this statement &ill be e6ecuted >actually simulated73 Press 8!
again and the band mo5es to the ne6t statement i3e3 the *rintf statement inside the
&hile>17 loo*3 The init@ser function initialiMes the serial *ort for 24$$ or 4"$$
baudrate >assuming 12 FAM crystal73 If you loo( inside the serial &indo&' you
can see the effect of the init@ser function call2 you &ill see the baudrate as 24$$ or
4"$$ and you &ill also see that serial in*ut is no& enabled3
257 Press 8! again3 9o& the *rintf statement &ill be e6ecuted3 The *rintf function
sends formatted out*ut to the standard out*ut de5ice3 The default standard out*ut
de5ice is the on/chi* serial *ort' so effecti5ely' this statement out*uts all
characters in the string +Aello &orldBCn0 to the on/chi* serial *ort3 Es an effect'
you can see the same string inside the serial out*ut &indo&3
27 Since the *rintf statement is inside an infinite loo*' it &ill (ee* e6ecuting again
and again' as long as you (ee* *ressing 8!3 To sto* the debugging' you may select
Iun)Terminate *rogram from the menu3
Starting the debuger:
To run the debugger' select Program)SP, Systems- I.E 51/C).ebugger from start menu3
The debugger &ill start and the screen should something li(e figure 23
:ou &ill see 5arious &indo&s as described belo& /
Prora! "i#$o%2 .is*lays the currently o*en file >if any73
C &aria'l( "atc) "i#$o%2 .is*lays the contents of the selected C 5ariables3>This
is &indo& &ill not be acti5ated in case of JSIF517
SFR "atc) "i#$o%2 .is*lays the contents of "$51 internal registers3
S(rial "i#$o%2 The Serial Jindo& dis*lays the out*ut of "$51-s on/chi* serial *ort3
The same can also be used to simulate in*ut to the on/chi* serial *ort3
IO "atc) "i#$o%2 Similarly the I)% Jatch Jindo& can dis*lay the status )
acti5ities of 5arious *eri*herals >if any are connected373
8igure 2
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E*t(r#al RAM "atc) %i#$o%2 This dis*lays the contents of selected locations of
the e6ternal IEF3
I#t(r#al RAM "atc) %i#$o%2 This dis*lays the contents of selected locations of
the internal IEF3
Running the example:
In order to run >i3e3 simulate7 a *rogram' t&o things are necessary3 The first is that you
must o*en the *rogram file3 The second is you must set the configuration to match &ith
the target hard&are3 To do this' select Configuration ) Vie&)Change Configuration from
the menu3 Change the configuration as *er your reLuirement3 Set the addresses of the
*eri*herals and a**ro*riate internal IEF siMe >12")25 bytes73 Jhen you are done'
select Sa5e Configuration from Configuration menu3 The configuration information is
sa5ed in a file &ith e6tension 3cfg and name same as the o*en *rogram file3 Jhen you do
this' you ha5e done *recisely the same t&o things necessary to run a *rogram' so you are
ready to run >simulate7 the *rogram3
The first step:
9o& select Iun) Single ste* from the menu3 That &ill actually start the o*ened *rogram3
Elternately' you can *ress the 8! (ey3 :ou &ill see a greater than sign >=7 on a *articular
line of the *rogram3 Ectually' this is the first statement to be e6ecuted3 Jhen you *ress
8! again' this U=- statement &ill be e6ecuted3 It-s effect &ill be reflected in the 5arious
Jatch Jindo&s3 This is ho& you +i#l( +t(, through a *rogram3 If you are not interested
in *ausing after each statement' you may *ress Ctrl W 8!3 This &ill *ut you in co#ti#-o-+
(*(c-tio# mode3 9o& your *rogram is being run and you can see the results in Serial
Port ) Iegisters ) Femory Jatch ) I)% Jatch Jindo&s3
Simulating input:
The simulator simulates number of *eri*heral de5ices' and it allo&s you to simulate in*ut
to these *eri*herals3 8or e6am*le' "2!# is su**orted by this simulator3 The "2!# is used
for (eyboard and dis*lay interface3
To simulate (eyboard entry' "2!# must be added to configuration3 To do this select
Configuration)Vie& Change Configurations and add "2!# *eri*heral &ith a**ro*riate
address3 9o& right clic( in I)% Jatch Jindo&' select Edit from *o*/u* menu' select
"2!# from a dialog bo63 :ou &ill be *rom*ted to enter the scan/code e6*ected from
"2!#3 .o ty*e in a 5alue in the edit bo6 and *ress %X
Stop it !:
8inally &hen you are done' 4ust *ress Iun)Terminate3 This &ill bring you bac( to sto*
mode3 9o& you may o*en another *rogram' or change the configuration and so on3 If
you &ant to restart the ne& ) same *rogram' *lease remember to IESET first3 To do this
select Iun o*tion and then CPP Ieset or *ress Ieset button from the tool bar3 This &ill
simulate the action of a hard&are reset signal to the "$51 CPP3
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Thus you ha5e learnt a fe& things in this e6am*le3 9o& you can try your o&n *rograms3
If things are not clear' continue reading the ne6t cha*ters3 %ther&ise you may (ee* this
manual on your table' and refer to it as and &hen reLuired3
Configuring the target system
In order to simulate your "$51 based hard&are' the com*uter must (no& %)at i+ .o-r
)ar$%ar( li/(3 Jhen &e say +configuration0 &e mean +telling0 the com*uter about your
hard&are3 Jhen you select Co#0i-ratio# form main menu' you &ill see 4 sub/o*tions 2
+Goad0' +Sa5e0' +Vie&)Change0 and +Tab SiMe03 These are e6*lained in detail in this
cha*ter3
Load Configuration:
Ello&s the user to load a configuration file / a file in &hich all configuration *arameters
are stored3 If you ha5e already created a configuration file for your o&n hard&are' you
may load the file to set all configurable *arameters as *er your reLuirement3
Save Configuration:
Ello&s the user to sa5e the configuration information in a file3 %nce you ha5e set all the
configuration *arameters as *er your hard&are' you may choose this menu o*tion3 The
configuration information is sa5ed in a file &ith e6tension 3cfg and name same as the
o*en *rogram file3
View / Change Configuration:
Jhen you select this o*tion' you &ill further see a list of o*tions3 Aere &e &ill see all
of them one by one3
1223 Co#0i-ratio#:
This Soft&are simulates "2!# &hich is Programmable Xeyboard ) .is*lay Interface3 If
you are using "2!# in your target hard&are' select "2!# o*tion to configure it3 8irst' you
&ill ha5e to chec( connect chec(/bo6 and s*ecify the address of "2!#3 Ty*e the address
of "2!# data register in 4 digit AEO format3 Please note that' the address of "2!#
command register is assumed to be this address *lus one3 e3g3 su**ose you enter "2!#
address as $$$' then $$$ >AEO7 is treated as the "2!# data register address and $$1
>AEO7 is treated as the "2!# command register address3
Then' you may s*ecify the IIY connection for "2!#3 i3e3 in your hard&are' you might
connect the IIY out*ut of "2!# to "$51-s I9T$' or to I9T1 or you may not use the IIY
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out*ut at all3 :ou can s*ecify any one of these choices here3 Su**ose' you ha5e connected
"2!#-s IIY out*ut to "$51-s I9T1 interru*t in*ut3 Then s*ecify the same here3 So that'
&hen you simulate a (ey entry' I9T1 &ill be automatically generated3 >Pro5ided it is
enabled by your *rogram7
Psually "2!# is used for handling (eyboard and ! segment dis*lay3 8or such dis*lays' the
! segment code to character relation may be different de*ending on ho& you connect all
of the ! segments3 That means' there is no uni5ersal ! segment code for a character
>unli(e ESCII73 To define your ! segment codes &rite do&n the se5en segment code >in
code edit &indo&7' corres*onding character >in char edit &indo&7 and *ress add3 Ie*ear
the *rocedure for all the se5en segment code that your *rogram needs3 The ad5antage of
the facility is that' &hen you run your *rogram' you may *ut "2!# in I)% &atch' &hich
&ill sho& you the characters corres*onding to the code contained in "2!#-s dis*lay
IEF3
1155 Co#0i-ratio#:
"155 is an I)% Port3 To configure the "155' you ha5e to select the "155 menu o*tion3 If
you are using "155' chec( the connect chec(/bo6 and enter the correct base address3 i3e3
you should ty*e the address of "155 command register3 e3g3 if you enter it as "$$$ >AEO7'
then the simulator ) debugger &ill assume follo&ing addresses for "155 2
"$$$ /= "155 Command register
"$$1 /= Port E
"$$2 /= Port H
"$$3 /= Port C
"$$4 /= Timer Go& byte
"$$5 /= Timer Aigh byte
1255 Co#0i-ratio#:
If you ha5e as many as fi5e "255 chi*s connected to "$51 in your target hard&are' you
can configure it accordingly and simulate your *rogram3 To do this' chec( the connect
chec(/bo6 and enter the correct base address for the chi*3 e3g3 su**ose you enter the
address of "255 as "$$$' then the simulator &ill assume follo&ing address 2
"$$$ /= Port E
"$$1 /= Port H
"$$2 /= Port C
"$$3 /= Control register
1254 Co#0i-ratio#:
"253 is Programmable Inter5al Timer3 Similar to "255' you may enter the base address
for "253' if you &ant3
1251 Co#0i-ratio#:
"251 is Pni5ersal Synchronous)Esynchronous Iecei5er Transmitter3 Similar to "255' you
may enter the base address for "253' if you &ant3
LCD Co#0i-ratio#:
To connect GC. module to "$51 in your target hard&are' select this o*tion and chec( the
connect chec(/bo63
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Eddress 2 This is the base address of GC. as usual3 e3g3 if you enter the address as 4$$$'
then the simulator assumes follo&ing address 2
4$$$ /= GC. command register
4$$1 /= GC. data register
Ectual chars ) line 2 This is the logical number of characters *er line for the GC.3 e3g3 in
case of a 1 char O 1 line GC. module' this should be entered as "3 Hecause' e5en
though *hysically it is a single line dis*lay' it has 2 logical lines / each " characters &ide3
.is*lay chars ) line 2 This is the *hysical number of characters *er line3 e3g3 in case of a
1 char O 1 line dis*lay' this should be entered as 13
Ti!(r Co#0i-ratio#:
The timer &ill be selected only if one of the *eri*heral &ith a timer >i3e3 either "155 or
"2537 is included in the configuration' by gi5ing its address3 If any timer is used and this
item is selected' you &ill see a sub/menu from &hich you &ill select either "155 or one of
the "2533 e3g3 su**ose' you selected "155' then further you ha5e 2 o*tions 2
Prescaler 2 The simulator assumes that all these timers are getting cloc( in*ut at the same
freLuency as that of "$513 Hut' in reality' it may not be so3 e3g3 the cloc( freLuency in*ut
to "155 timer may be half that of "$51 crystal freLuency3 To simulate this e6actly' you
may enter the 5alue of *re/scaler as 23 In fact' you can change the *rescaler 5alue from 1
to ffff >Ae673 The default 5alue for *re/scaler is 13
%ut*ut connected to 2 The out*ut of this timer may or may not be connected to one of the
interru*ts of "$51 >i3e3 I9T$ or I9T17 in your target hard&are3 E6actly the same
connection can be s*ecified here3
M(!or. Ma,:
Jhen you select this item' you &ill see 3 o*tions 2
Program memory 2 Select this o*tion to s*ecify the amount of *rogram memory a5ailable
in the target hard&are3 :ou can s*ecify u* to 4 different ban(s of *rogram memory by
entering the starting and ending address3
.ata memory 2 Select this o*tion to s*ecify the amount of data memory a5ailable in the
target hard&are3 :ou can s*ecify u* to 4 different ban(s of data memory by entering the
starting and ending address3
%5erla* memory 2 Select this o*tion to s*ecify the amount of o5erla**ed memory
a5ailable in the target hard&are3 :ou can s*ecify u* to 4 different ban(s of o5erla**ed
memory by entering the starting and ending address3 %5erla**ed memory is that area of
e6ternal memory' &hich can be used as read)&rite memory >using mo56 instruction7 and
also as *rogram memory >using mo5c ) l4m* ) lcall instructions etc7
I#t(r#al RAM :
:ou can select either 12" bytes or 25 bytes Internal IEF3
M(!or. !o$(l :
Please note that' memory model s*ecified &hile com*iling and the memory model
s*ecified here must be same3 %ther&ise' the debugger may not be able to sho& the 5alues
of 5ariables correctly3
Please note that this o*tion is a5ailable' only if you ha5e *urchased the C cross com*iler
also3 %ther&ise this o*tion remains disabled3
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Running !rogram
Efter the com*ilation *rocess' user can e6ecute the *rogram and can see the out*ut of
that *rogram3 It is also *ossible to debug through the *rogram and set brea(*oints at
many *laces in the *rogram3 The R-# menu has fi5e o*tions &hich contains the facility
of adding brea(*oints' debugging' e6ecution of *rogram and CPP reset3
dding "rea#points:
E sim*lest &ay to add or remo5e a brea(*oint is to double clic( on a line &here you &ant
to add brea(*oint3 %ne can also select the Br(a/,oi#t sub/o*tion from R-# menu3 Efter
doing this' you &ill see a U5BR6 U brea(*oint characters on the line in the *rogram
&indo&3 Thus you can bro&se through the entire *rogram3 8or setting brea(/*oint at any
statement' mo5e the cursor to that line3 Then *ress F12 or $o-'l( clic/ on that line3 :ou
&ill see UZHI[- on the left hand side3 This indicates that you ha5e set a brea(/*oint at that
line3 To remo5e a brea(/*oint' you may use the same *rocedure 2 i3e3 *ressing F12 or
double clic( actually toggles the brea(/*oint state3
Single Stepping :
Single ste**ing is another mode of e6ecuting your *rogram3 Through single ste**ing'
each instruction is e6ecuted one by one3 The contents of system registers are continuously
dis*layed in Iegister &indo&3 Simultaneously user can see the memory and I)% &atch3
To single ste* through a *rogram' select the sub/o*tion Si#l( St(,3 Elternately' you may
4ust *ress F2 (ey for single ste**ing through the *rogram3 E colored band &ill be
dis*layed on the 5ery first e6ecutable instruction of your *rogram3 The ne6t time you
*ress F2' the statement dis*layed &ith a colored band gets e6ecuted and the band mo5es
ahead >or sometimes e5en bac(7 to the ne6t statement3
Continuous Run :
Jhen this o*tion is selected' the *rogram is run continuously3 %ff/course' you may sto*
the *rogram e6ecution any time by selecting Iun)Terminate Program3 %ther&ise' the
*rogram e6ecution continues till a brea(/*oint is encountered3 Jhen that ha**ens' the
*rogram e6ecution sto*s automatically and you are bac( to single ste* mode3 Jhile the
*rogram is being run' 5arious &atch &indo&s are u*dated at the end of each statement3
C!$ Reset :
This o*tion acts li(e a reset signal to "$513 It sets all the system registers of "$51 to the
5alue &hich is actually set after resetting "$513 Elso all the *eri*herals are set to their
reset condition3
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
%ther &enu options while running a program :
Jhile your *rogram is being run >either in continuous mode or in single ste* mode7' you
may need to add some &atch 5ariables' edit some memory locations' edit some 5ariables3
Aere is the descri*tion of all these to do these2
A$$i# M(!or. "atc) :
Clic( on the 789 button from tool to get the E6ternal Femory Jatch Jindo&3 8or the
Internal Femory Jatch Jindo& clic( on 7IM9 button of tool bar3 Elternati5ely' you can
select Vie&)E6ternal memory &atch or Vie&)Internal memory &atch from the menu3
Jhen you do this' screen loo(s li(e figure 33 To add a &atch in e6ternal ) internal
memory &atch &indo&' right clic( inside the &indo&3 E menu &ill *o*/u*3 Select Edd
from the menu3 :ou &ill be *rom*ted to enter the memory address >Ae67' ty*e it and
*ress enter or clic( %(3 The same address &ill a**ear in the memory &atch &indo&'
follo&ed by 1 5alues in AEO follo&ed by their ESCII eLui5alent characters3 These are
the contents of 1 consecuti5e locations starting from the address you entered3
A$$i# SFR "atc) "i#$o% :
If you &ant to see the contents of a S*ecial 8unction Iegister >S8I7' select this o*tion
from 7&i(%9 menu or 4ust clic( 7R9 button of tool bar3 Jhen you do this' S8I Jatch
Jindo& &ill a**ear3 To modify the contents of a S8I' double clic( on the desired S8I3
The name of the S8I &ill no& a**ear in a ne& edit &indo&3 It &ill dis*lay the current
contents in AEO' follo&ed by the binary re*resentation3 :ou can change the contents and
clic( %( to sa5e the ne& 5alue3
A$$i# C :aria'l(+ :
If you &ant to see the 5alue of a 5ariable declared in your *rogram' select this o*tion
from UVie&- menu or clic( 7C9 button of tool bar3 Then you &ill get the UC Variable
Jatch Jindo&-3 To add the C 5ariable' 4ust do the right mouse clic( on the dis*layed
message3 Then select declared UC- 5ariable from the dro* do&n list of all C 5ariables' and
cloc( UEdd-3 Please note' that the list contains the 5ariables that are global 5ariables and
5ariables that are c-rr(#tl. i# acti:( +co,(3 e3g3 if you are in the middle of a function'
then 5ariable list contains global 5ariables and local 5ariables declared in the c-rr(#t
0-#ctio# or it may be a *arameter to the c-rr(#t 0-#ctio#3 Ao&e5er' if you selected a
local 5ariable' it-s 5alue &ill be dis*layed' only so long as your *rogram is inside the
function3 The moment you return from the function' the debugger &ill be unable to
dis*lay it-s 5alue3 The debugger &ill flash the message +%ut of sco*e0 in front of the
5ariable name in the &atch &indo&3
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
8igure 3
The 5ariable name &ill a**ear in the &atch &indo&' follo&ed by it-s 5alue3 Please note'
that the debugger (no&s the ty*e of the 5ariable' so it &ill dis*lay it-s 5alue a**ro*riately
de*ending on it-s ty*e3 e3g3 int and long int 5ariables are dis*layed as decimal 5alues
follo&ed by it-s AEO eLui5alent in a *air of *arenthesis3 char 5ariables are dis*layed as
ESCII character3 Errays of char are dis*layed as a character string enclosed in double
Luotes3
Please note that you can add C Variable Jatch Jindo& only if you ha5e loaded a 3C file
to debugger3 If you ha5e loaded a binary >3bin7 or Ae6 >3he67 file' you can not add C
Variable Jatch Jindo& and hence can not obser5e 5alues of C 5ariables for an ob5ious
reason that these files do not contain 5ariable information3
Ao&e5er if you ha5e *urchased JSIF51' i3e3 Jindo&s based Simulator' you can not
load C file at all3 Aence C Variable Jatch Jindo& is disabled3
A$$i# I;O "atc) :
Select I)% Jatch sub/o*tion from UVie&- menu3 Egain' do the right clic( to add' delete or
edit an I)% &atch3
Jhen you clic( to add a &atch' a list of connected *eri*herals a**ears on the screen3 i3e3
a list of *eri*herals for &hich you ha5e s*ecified some 5alid address in the configuration
&ill a**ear3 :ou may select the desired *eri*heral from the list and then *ress <Enter=3 It
&ill be dis*layed in the I)% &atch &indo&3 .e*ending on the ty*e of *eri*heral selected'
it-s information &ill be dis*layed in different format3 e3g3 if you select "2!#' the contents
of 1 >or "7 locations of it-s dis*lay IEF &ill be dis*layed in the I)% &atch &indo&3 If
you select GC.' &hate5er message is out*ut to the GC. &ill be dis*layed3 If you select
Embedded System 23
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
"155' the contents of PE' PH and PC &ill be dis*layed along &ith their *ort directions
>In*ut ) %ut*ut73
E*(c-ti# o#( +tat(!(#t :
Select Iun)Single Ste* >or Press F27 to do this3
S%itc)i# to co#ti#-o-+ r-# !o$( :
Select Iun)Iun >or Press Ctrl F2) to do this3
Si!-lati# (*t(r#al i#t(rr-,t (INT<;INT1) :
Select 7I#t(rr-,t <9 or 7I#t(rr-,t 19 sub/o*tion from 7CPU9 menu to simulate I9T$ or
I9T1 res*ecti5ely3 Elternati5ely' you can clic( on the I$ or I1 buttons on the toolbar3
Please note' that &hen you do this' the *rogram control &ill immediately transfer to the
5ector location of the interru*t >Pro5ided it is enabled by your *rogram73
Si!-lati# +(rial ,ort i#,-t :
Ecti5ate the Serial Jindo& using US- tool on toolbar >or select 7S(rial "atc)9 sub/o*tion
from 5ie& menu37 The Serial Jindo& contains 5arious &indo&s to dis*lay mode' baud/
rate' out*ut and edit &indo&s to gi5e in*uts to serial *ort3 These are described belo&3
Mo$(;Ba-$ Rat( "i#$o%2 This dis*lays a mode and baud/rate at &hich the *ort is
o*erating3
=(* I#,-t S(ctio#2 Fany times you need to gi5e he6 in*ut to serial *ort3 In that case you
may need use this section3 This contains the three controls2
%ne small button >&ith ca*tion $ or 137 This button is used to gi5e #
th
bit in*ut to
*rocessor3 This is reLuired in case of multi*rocessor communication mode3
Edit Jindo&2 Enter the a he6 code to gi5e in*ut to serial *ort3
Ecce*t Ae6 In*ut2 Jhen you ha5e entered the Ae6 code and #
th
bit' *ress this button3
Jhen this button is *ressed the in*ut you ha5e ty*ed in' goes to *rocessor3
9ote that all these controls &ill be disabled if you ha5e not enabled recei5er in your
soft&are3
ASCII I#,-t "i#$o%2 This &indo& is used to gi5e ESCII in*ut to serial *ort3 %f course
you can use Ae6 in*ut &indo& to do this' but in that case you need to ty*e he6 code of
the character you &ant to in*ut3 In ESCII In*ut &indo&' 4ust ty*e the character you &ant
to in*ut' it is automatically sent to serial *ort of the micro/controller3 Please note that
debugger &ill ta(e the last character in this &indo& and send it to serial *ort3 If your
ty*ing s*eed is 5ery fast' you &ill miss some characters3
This &indo& &ill be disabled if you ha5e not enabled a recei5er of "$51 in your *rogram3
Si!-lati# i#,-t to ,(ri,)(ral+ :
To simulate in*ut to *eri*herals i3e3 "2!#)"155)"255)"251)"253' right clic( in I% Jatch
Jindo& and select Edit from *o* u* menu3 Select the *eri*heral to &hich you &ant to
gi5e in*ut3 Jhen you do this' you &ill be *rom*ted to enter the in*ut 5alue for the
corres*onding *eri*heral3 e3g3 if you select "2!#' you &ill be *rom*ted to enter the
e6*ected scan/code of the desired (ey in AEO3 Similarly if you select the "155' you &ill
be *rom*ted to enter the in*ut e6*ected on PE' PH' PC *orts of "155' de*ending on
&hich of them are in*ut *orts3
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Mo$i0.i# t)( co#t(#t+ o0 E*t(r#al RAM :
Iight clic( in E6ternal IEF Jatch Jindo& and Select edit from *o*/u* menu3 E
+Fodify Femory Contents0 dialog bo6 a**ears as sho&n in figure 43
8igure 4
This dis*lays the current contents of the memory3 No to the location you &ant using
UPage P*-' UPage .o&n-' UChange Eddress- buttons3 Enter the ne& contents in the
corres*onding edit &indo& and clic( %X3
Mo$i0.i# t)( co#t(#t+ o0 I#t(r#al RAM :
Iigth clic( in Internal IEF Jatch Jindo& and Select edit from *o*/u* menu3 E
+Fodify Femory Contents0 dialog bo6 a**ears3
This dis*lays the current contents of the memory3 No to the location you &ant using
UPage P*-' UPage .o&n-' UChange Eddress- buttons3 Enter the ne& contents in the
corres*onding edit &indo& and clic( %X3
Mo$i0.i# t)( :al-( o0 a C la#-a( :aria'l( :
Iight clic( in C Variable Jatch Jindo& and select Edit from *o*u* menu3 Then select
the name of the 5ariable from the dro* do&n list and *ress %X3 Then you &ill get the ne&
&indo& &ith the current 5alue of that 5ariable' and you may change it to &hate5er you
&ant3 8inally' clic( %X' so that the ty*ed 5alue is stored in that 5ariable3
This o*tion is a5ailable' only if you ha5e *urchased the JSIF51/C also3 %ther&ise' this
o*tion remains disabled3
Mo$i0.i# t)( co#t(#t+ o0 a# SFR :
.ouble clic( on the desired S8I from the S8I Jatch Jindo&3 Then the current contents
of that S8I &ill be dis*layed' and you may change it to &hate5er you &ant3 8inally'
cloc( %X' so that the ty*ed 5alue is stored in that S8I3
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Mo$i0.i# t)( co#t(#t+ o0 a r(i+t(r :
.ouble clic( on any of the register i3e3 I$/I!' ECC' PSJ' .PTI' P$/P3 and SP' in S8I
Jatch Jindo&3 Then the current contents of that register &ill be dis*layed' and you may
change it to &hate5er you &ant3 8inally' *ress <Enter=' so that the ty*ed 5alue is stored
in that register3
'riting Simple ssembly Language Sub(routines :
It may be sometimes 5ery con5enient to &rite small functions in assembly language
and call these functions from C language *rogram3 This section describes e6actly ho&
to do it3 Get us ta(e a sim*le e6am*le / it may not be useful in real life' but it
nonetheless illustrates the method to be follo&ed3 This is ho& our e6am*le function
goes 2
_exmpl_func:
; Example function written in assembly language
mov a,p0 ; read P0 data
rlc a ; rotate left through Carry
mov p0,a ; write bac to P0
ret
In your C *rogram' you might call this function' sim*ly by &riting 2
exmpl_func!" ;
Jriting assembly language functions is as sim*le as that3 :ou only need to remember a
fe& rules 2
En assembly language function must start &ith a label' &hich is same as the name
of the function *receded by an underscore character >T@T73
Jhile calling such a function from C language *rogram' you must omit the
underscore character3
The assembly language function may modify the contents of any of the registers >I$
through I!7 and Ecc3
9e5er s&itch register ban(3
9e5er change the contents of Stac( Pointer >SP73 Fa(e sure that the PPSAs and
P%Ps are e6actly matching3
9e5er &rite into any location in internal or e6ternal data memory3
9e5er access any location in internal ) e6ternal data memory by using hardcoded
addresses3 El&ays define global 5ariable in your C *rogram' so that the reLuired
s*ace gets allotted to them3 Pse only the names of these 5ariables as internal )
e6ternal data memory addresses3 e3g3 if you &ant to use a byte location in e6ternal
data memory' you should declare a unsigned char ty*e global 5ariable in your C
*rogram as 2
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
unsigned char asm_var ;
In your assembly language function' you can use it as 2
mov dptr,#_asm_var ; load the addr$ in %P&'
movx a,(dptr ; read the value
; do some processing
movx (dptr,a ; write bac the value
If you stic( to these rules' chances of \system crash\ &ill be far too less B
ssembly Language )un*tion+s return value :
Su**ose you &ant the assembly language function to return some 5alue' follo& these
guidelines3 In your C *rogram you must *ut the functionTs declaration3 e3g3
unsigned char some_func !" ;
Then you may call this function as and &hen reLuired3 e3g3
value ) some_func!" * +, ;
In assembly language you &rite'
_some_func:
; some code here
; finally compute the return value in -cc,
; and then store
mov myacc,a
; the return value put in proper place
ret
9ote that the return 5alue should be al&ays *ut in the internal IEF location /
myacc3 .e*ending on the ty*e of return 5alue' you may &rite 1 to 4 bytes from location
on&ards3 e3g3 in case of int ty*e return 5alue' you should &rite the GSHyte of the return
5alue at myacc and the FSHyte should be &ritten at >myacc W 173
Please note that if a function-s return 5alue is of ty*e Ubit- then you should use the bit
location Ubit@acc- instead of internal IEF location Umyacc-3 e3g3 if you &ant to return 1
>bit ty*e7' then you must &rite 2
setb bit_acc
ret
at the end of the function3
Embedded System 2!
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
ssembly Language )un*tions with parameters :
If you &ant the assembly language function to ta(e *arameters' you must start and end
the function in a s*ecific manner3 Egain this is different for large model and small
model *rograms3 Get us consider large model *rograms first3
Acc(++i# ,ara!(t(r+ i# lar( !o$(l ,rora!+ :
Et the beginning' you must &rite these four lines 2
push bpl
push bph
mov bpl,spl
mov bph,sph
Et the end' you must &rite these fi5e lines 2
mov spl,bpl
mov sph,bph
pop bph
pop bpl
ret
Jhen a function is called from C language *rogram' itTs *arameters are *ushed
onto EOTEI9EG STECX &hich resides in e6ternal data memory3 The last *arameter
is *ushed first3 To access these *arameters' you should ma(e use of b*l and b*h3 8or
e6am*le consider this C language statement 2
some_func.!par.,par+" ;
Get us assume that *ar1 is of int ty*e and *ar2 is of unsigned char ty*e3 The first
*arameter can be al&ays found at the address contained in b*h and b*l *lus 13 e3g3 to
load the 5alue of *ar1 in I3/I2 >FSHyte in I37' you may &rite 2
mov a,bpl
add a,#.
mov dpl,a
mov a,bph
addc a,#0
mov dph,a ; %P&' ) !bph"!bpl" * . ) addr of par.
movx a,(dptr ; read lo byte of par.
mov r+,a ; put it in '+
inc dptr
movx a,(dptr ; read hi byte of par.
mov r/,a ; put it in '/
Embedded System 2"
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
9ote that Tlo&er byte at lo&er addressT *hiloso*hy is follo&ed e5ery&here3 The
remaining *arameters are stored at consecuti5e locations3 e3g3 *ar2 can be found at >b*h7
>b*l7 W 33 Please note that you must ne5er modify the contents of b*l' b*h' s*l or
s*h3
Acc(++i# ,ara!(t(r+ i# +!all !o$(l ,rora!+ :
Et the beginning' you must &rite these t&o lines 2
push bp
mov bp,sp
Et the end' you must &rite these three lines 2
mov sp,bp
pop bp
ret
Jhen a function is called from C language *rogram' itTs *arameters are *ushed
onto stac(3 The first *arameter is *ushed first3 To access these *arameters' you should
ma(e use of b*3 8or e6am*le consider this C language statement 2
some_func.!par.,par+" ;
Get us assume that *ar1 is of int ty*e and *ar2 is of unsigned char ty*e3 The last byte of
the first *arameter can be al&ays found at the address >>b*7 / 373 e3g3 to load the 5alue
of *ar1 in I3/I2' you may &rite 2
mov a,bp
clr c
subb a,#0
mov r0,a ; '0 ) !bp" 1 0 ) addr of par.
mov a,(r0 ; read 234yte of par.
mov r+,a ; put it in '+
inc r0
mov a,(r0 ; read 534yte of par.
mov r/,a ; put it in '/
9ote that Tlo&er byte at lo&er addressT *hiloso*hy is follo&ed e5ery&here3 The
remaining *arameters are stored at consecuti5e locations / bac(&ard3 e3g3 *ar2 can be
found at >b*7 / 53
Please note that you must ne5er modify the contents of b* or s*3
Embedded System 2#
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Calling C fun*tions from assembly language :
:ou can sim*ly call C language function from assembly language by name' but by
*receding it by an underscore character3 e3g3 if your C function is defined as 2
void some_func !" ;
:ou can call it from assembly language as 2
lcall _some_func
Pa++i# ,ara!(t(r+ (lar( !o$(l ,rora!+) :
If the C function ta(es any *arameters' you should ma(e use of s*l and s*h to *ass
*arameters3 Get us modify the abo5e e6am*le and redefine the same function &ith
*arameters as 2
void some_func !int par., unsigned char par+" ;
8or sim*licity' let us assume that 5alue of *ar1 is in I3/I2 >FSHyte in I37 and 5alue
of *ar2 is in I43 The last *arameter >*ar2 in this case7 is *ushed first3 i3e3 *arameters
are *ushed in the re5erse seLuence3 >s*h7>s*l7 *oints to the To* of Stac( >ToS7 minus
13 8irst you should *ush the *arameters into the e6ternal stac(' then you call the
function' then you should ad4ust the e6ternal stac(3 8or the abo5e e6am*le' this is
ho& you do it 2
mov a,spl
clr c
subb a,#+
mov dpl,a
mov a,sph
subb a,#0
mov dph,a
; %P&' ) !sph"!spl" 1 total no$ of bytes re6uired
; for -22 parameters * .
mov a,r+ ; lo byte of par.
movx (dptr,a
inc dptr
mov a,r/ ; hi byte of par.
movx (dptr,a
inc dptr
mov a,r0 ; par+
movx (dptr,a
; thus all parameters pushed
; now ad7ust stac pointer !sph,spl"
mov a,spl
Embedded System 3$
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
clr c
subb a,#/ ; decrement !sph"!spl" by total no$ of
mov spl,a ; byte re6uired for -22 parameters
mov a,sph
subb a,#0
mov sph,a
; now call the function
lcall _some_func
; now read7ust the stac pointer !sph,spl"
mov a,spl
add a,#/ ; increment !sph"!spl" by total no$ of
mov spl,a ; byte re6uired for -22 parameters
mov a,sph
addc a,#0
mov sph,a ; that is all 8
Pa++i# ,ara!(t(r+ (+!all !o$(l ,rora!+) :
If the C function ta(es any *arameters' you should ma(e use of s* to *ass
*arameters3 Get us modify the abo5e e6am*le and redefine the same function &ith
*arameters as 2
void some_func !int par., unsigned char par+" ;
8or sim*licity' let us assume that 5alue of *ar1 is in I3/I2 >FSHyte in I37 and 5alue
of *ar2 is in I43 The last *arameter >*ar2 in this case7 is *ushed first3 i3e3 *arameters
are *ushed in the re5erse seLuence3 8irst you should *ush the *arameters onto stac('
then you call the function' then you should ad4ust the stac(3 8or the abo5e e6am*le'
this is ho& you do it 2
mov a,r0
push acc
mov a,r+
push acc
mov a,r/
push acc
lcall _some_func
mov a,sp
clr c
subb a,#/ ; decrement sp by total no$ of
mov sp,a ; bytes re6uired for -22 parameters
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Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: 1
INTERFACIN> OF LED:
Embedded System 32
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 33
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: 2
INTERFACIN> OF S"ITC= AND LED:
Embedded System 34
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 35
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: 4
INTERFACIN> OF LED AND T"O S"ITC=:
Embedded System 3
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 3!
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No:?
INTERFACIN> OF SE&EN SE>MENT DISPLA@:
Embedded System 3"
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 3#
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No:5
Embedded System 4$
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: A
INTERFACIN> OF LCD:
Embedded System 41
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 42
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: 2
Embedded System 43
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: 1
INTERFACIN> OF ADC:
Embedded System 44
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 45
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 4
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Practical No: 3
SIN>LE BIT COUNTER:
Embedded System 4!
Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communication
Embedded System 4"