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VSRD-IJEECE, Vol. 1 (2), 2011, 99-107

____________________________
12
Research Scholar,
3
Assistant Professor,
12
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
3
Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
*Correspondence : mynksoni@gmail.com
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Performance of BPSK Modulation Scheme
Using AWGN and Multipath Rayleigh Fading
Channel for WCDMA System
1
Mayank Soni*,
2
Kunvar Devanshu Singh and
3
Vikas Srivastava
ABSTRACT
This paper is concerned with the study of the performance of the BPSK (Binary phase shift keying) modulation
technique using AWGN (Additive white gaussian noise) and Multipath Rayleigh fading channel .We have taken
the BPSK modulation scheme as a BPSK system is less complex in nature and simple in design to perform Here
we studied the bit error rate of the WCDMA system by designing the WCDMA system using simulink tool of
Matlab 7.6 and studied the characteristics.
Keywords : BPSK, WCDMA , AWGN CHANNEL, MULTIPATH RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL
1. INTRODUCTION
WCDMA has a bandwidth of 5 Mhz or more. The nominal bandwidth for all third generation proposal is 5Mhz.
The reason behind this can be explained as the data rates of 144 and 384 KBPS, the main target of third
generation system are achieved within 5MHZ bandwidth and with reasonable capacity and 5MHZ bandwidth
can resolve(separate) more multipath than narrower bandwidth, increasing diversity and thus improving
performance.
[6]

2. SYSTEM MODEL
2.1. SIMPLE WCDMA MODEL
As for any communication system, there are some important parameter i.e. transmitter, channel and receiver that
plays an important role for the basic operation of the system.
Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
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The WCDMA system has the source , spreader and modulator which functioned on the transmitter side and the
transmitted signal passes through the channel and then reaches to the receiver end which consist of demodulator
and the de-spreader.
3. BPSK WCDMA SYSTEM

3.1. RANDOM INTEGER GENERATOR
The function of this program is to quickly give output of n random integers in the range from a to b and user
specifies whether output is sorted or random order in nature and user can specifies whether to remove duplicate
integers or to allow duplicate integers. It generates randomly distributed and uniformly distributed integers.
3.2. PN SQUENCE GENERATOR
The function of PN Sequence generator is to generate a pseudorandom noise sequence with the use of a linear
feedback shift register.
[12]

Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
Page 101 of 107

Fig : PN SEQUENCE GENERATOR
3.3. LOGICAL OPERATOR( XOR)
The main function of logical operators is that for a single input operators are applied across the input vector.
3.4. BPSK MODULATOR
The function of BPSK modulator baseband is that it modulates the input signals with the use of binary phase
shift keying.
[10]

3.5. AWGN CHANNEL
The AWGN channel function is to add white gaussian noise to the input signals. The term noise is the unwanted
electrical signals that are always present in electrical systems and the additivemeans the noise is superimposed
to the signal that tends to mask the signal where it will limit the receiver ability to make correct symbol
decisions.
[5]

3.6. MULTIPATH RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL
Here we have the multipath rayleigh fading channel for complex baseband channel. Since signal propagation
takes place in the atmosphere and near the ground, apart from insignificant effect of free path loss, the most
notable effect of signal degradation is multipath propagation. The effect can cause fluctuations in the received
signal's amplitude, phase and angle of arrival, giving rise to terminology multipath fading.
[7]

3.7. BPSK DEMODULATOR
The function of BPSK de-modulator baseband is to demodulate the input signals with the use of binary phase
shift keying.
[10]

Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
Page 102 of 107
4. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
4.1. EYE DIAGRAM
The eye diagram shown below is obtained from the discrete-time eye diagram scope whose function is to
display the multiple traces of a modulated signal and this is use to show the modulation characteristics. The
modulation characteristics can be like pulse shaping or the characteristics such as channel distortion of the
signals.
An Eye Diagram is viewed (or rather constructed) by taking the time-domain signal and overlapping the traces
for a certain number of symbols. The overlapped signals provide critical insights about the communication
system at hand, thus providing us a communication system-level perspective.

Fig : EYE DIAGRAM
4.2. SIGNAL TRAJECTORY
The discrete-time signal trajectory function is to display the trajectory of a modulated signal in its signal space
and this is done by plotting its in-phase component versus its quadrature component.
[3]
The discrete-time signal
trajectory scope block accept the input such as complex scalar valued or input such as column vector input
signal.
Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
Page 103 of 107

Fig : SIGNAL TRAJECTORY
4.3. SCATTER PLOT
Scatter plots are obtain from the Discrete-time scatter plot scope and the use of the scatter plot is to visualize the
signal constellation associated with digital modulation.
[3]

The discrete-time scatter plot scope function is to display the constellation of a modulated signal in its signal
space and this is done by plotting its in-phase component versus its quadrature component.
The scatter plot is useful in its nature as it can be useful when comparing the performance of a system with
standards such as 3GPP.
Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
Page 104 of 107

Fig : SCATTER PLOT
4.4. Theoretical Plot of BPSK Modulation
In theoretical plot of BPSK modulation we have the plot in between Bit error rate(BER) and E
b
/N
o,
and the plot
is shown below.

Fig : Theoretical Plot of BPSK Modulation
BPSK
Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
Page 105 of 107
4.5. Semi Analytic BER Figure
The semi analytical BER figure is being evaluated by using the BER TOOL to generate it in the Matlab and we
get the plot in between the BER and E
b
/N
o
and the plot is shown below.

Fig : Semi Analytic BER Figure
4.6. Monte Carlo BER Plot
In the Monte carlo plot the plot is in between the simulated path of BER and E
b
/N
o
and it is being plot along
with the theoretical and semi analytical plot and it is being shown below.
BPSK
SEMIANALYTIC
Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
Page 106 of 107

Fig : Monte Carlo BER Plot
5. CONCLUSION
So, we have analyzed the performance of BPSK- WCDMA system under the AWGN channel and Multipath
Rayleigh Fading channel. The purpose of selecting the BPSK modulation technique was just to maintain the
simplicity of the system from designing point of view.
Thus the paper is concerned with the study of the performance of the BPSK modulated WCDMA system using
AWGN channel and Multipath Rayleigh Fading channel and it is found that the bit error rate of BPSK is quiet
low as compared to other modulation techniques.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Theodore S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communication: Principle and Practice", Pearson Educational
International, 2nd edition. 2002
[2] 2. Performance study on high data rates modulation techniques of W-CDMA in MULTIPATH FADING
CHANNEL, Muhammad Najib Bin Ismail.
[3] Communication Blockset Release Notes.
[4] AWGN Channel Capacity for Multi-Cell Interference Model in WCDMA-FDD Systems Ehab H.
Abdelhayt and Fayz W. Zaki.
[5] Bernard Sklar, "Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications", Prentice- Hall, 2nd Edition
[6] An overview of coma evolution toward wideband coma, Ramjee Prasad, Delft University of Technology,
Nokia Telecommunications.
BPSK
SEMIANALYTIC
SIMULATION
Mayank Soni et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 1 (2), 2011
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[7] Bernard Sklar, "Rayleigh Fading Channel in Mobile Digital Communication System Part 1:
Characterization", IEEE Communication Magazine
[8] J ohn G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 3rd Edition, 1995.
[9] Quantiser design for AWGN and Rayleigh fading BPSK channels with soft output decoding Bakus, J .
Khandani, A.K.,Dept. of Syst. Design, Univ. of Waterloo, Ont., Canada 1984
[10] Taub & Schilling Principles of Communication 2005.
[11] S. Haykin, Communication systems,J ohn Wiley& Sons.
[12] Dixon, R.C., Spread spectrum systems,2nd edition, john wiley and sons, new York.