PGMEEnotes--ENTnotes

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Tu e sd ay , Jan u ary 17, 2006

ENT:-- Occasionally Asked Topics

1) "ABC / ABSOLUTE BONE CONDUCTION TEST--- shortened in SNHL / Perceptive deafness,"----(1)
2) "ACOUSTIC REFLEX DECAY TEST--- +VE in Lesions of Auditory Cortex,"----------------((1))
3) "ADENOID FACIES--- Fes.-- Open mouth, Pinching of nose, Crowding of teeth, "--------((1))
4) "ANOSMIA----complete-Responda to inhalation of ammonia,"--------------------((1))
5) "ANTRAL WASH---for drainage of maxillary sinus is thru. Inferior meatus,"--------------((1))
6) "AUDIOGRAM---U-shaped A.--congenital deafness, FLATTENED A.- serous Otitis
media,"--------((1))
7) "AUDIOMETRY---IMPEDANCE,"------------------((1))
8) ALLODYNIA---increased perception of Painful stimulus,----------------((1))
9) "BELL'S PALSY---Mx-Steroids & Surgical Decompression,"---------------(1))
10) "BRONCHOSCOPY---indicated in persisitent Wheeze,"------------------((1))
11) BLAST INJURY---most common organ affected -Ear Drum,---------------((1))
12) "CARHART'S NOTCH---seen at 2000 Hz., & in otosclerosis,"-------------((1))
13) "CHOANAL ATRESIA---BiLateral Complete-->life threatening complication,"-----------((1))
14) "CHORDITIS TUBEROSA---is due to Chronic Laryngitis,"--------------((1))
15) "CRICOID CARTILAGE---is Signet Ring shape, "-------------------((1))
16) "CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE---is supplied by SUPERIOR Laryngeal nerve( SLN ), & rest by

RLN.,"---------((1))
17) "CONE OF LIGHT---is formed on ANTERIO-INFERIOR Quadrant,"----------------((1))
18) "CSF.---is similar to PERI-LYMPH,"------------(1))
19) "DIPHTERIA---Membranes firmly Attached & Bleeds on Touch, " ----------((1))
20) "DYSPHAGIA---SIDEROPENIC DYSP.--seen in Iron Def. Anemia,"---------------((1))
21) "DYSPHONIA PLICA VENTRICULARIS---is producing sounds with false cord,"-----------((1))
22) "CAULIFLOWER EAR---is due to Hematoma of Auricle," -----------------((1))
23) "ENCEPHALOCELE---Herniation of Brain tissue with its Dural covering into the Nasal
cavity, "-----((1))
24) "EPITYMPANUM---includes--head of Malleolus , Body of Incus,"----------((1))
25) "FITZGERALD-HALLPIKE TEST---uses Temp. at 30oC& 44oC, also called as caloric test?,"-----((1))
26) "LE FORT'S FRACTURE---inv's ZYGOMA, MAXILLA, & NASAL BONES,"----------((1))
27) "Oblique & Horizontal Fracture of nasal septum--- is called as JARJAVAL FRACTURE,"-----------((1))
28) "GLOBUS HYSTERICUS---lump in throat not interfering with swallowing,"----------------((1))
29) "GROMMET INSERTION---is done in anteroinferior quadrant,"------------((1))
30) GELLE'S TEST---done in Otosclerosis,-----------------((1))
31) "Great Auricular Nr. ---supplies Skin at Angle of JAW,"---------------((1))
32) "GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NEURECTOMY--- Route of Approach -Tonsillectomy approach,"-----((1))
33) Hearing impairment due to noise starts at 4000 Hz.,----------------((1))
34) "HEMANGIOMA---Bleeding Polyp of nose--arises from septum,"-----------((1))
35) HYPERACUSIS---normal sound are heard as loud & painful.,--------------((1))

36) "HYPERNASALITY---caused by Cleft palate, Submucous celft, Bifed Uvula,"-------------------((1))

37) HYPOPHARYNEAL CANCER---predisposing factors -Plummer Vinson's Synd.,---------------((1))
38) "INVERTED PAPILLOMA---of Rt.side of nasal cavity -TOC.=Total Maxillectomy,"----------------((1))
39) "INNER AUDITORY MEATUS---facial nerve is lateral to superior vestibular nerve,"------------((1))
40) "JUVENILE PAPILLOMA---Rx-Surgical excision,"-----------------((1))
41) "KERATOSIS OBURANS---is a Premalignant condition,"------------------((1))
42) KOBARK TEST---used for Minimal Caloric Stimulation,-------------------((1))
43) "KARTAGENER'S SYND.---Ass.with Sinusitis, Dextrocardia, Bronchiectasis, "---------------((1))
44) "LARYGEAL MIRROR---warmed before use by placing glass surface on Flame,"-------------------((1))
45) "LARYNGOFISSURE---Opening the larynx in midline,"-------------------((1))
46) "LARYNGECTOMY---after laryngectomy Voice is from Oesophagus,"-------------------------((1))
47) "LARYNGOCELE---Gas filled sac in neck region after VALSALVA MANOEURVE,"-------------((1))
48) "ANAESTHESIA OF LARYNX---occurs with Diptheria, Lead Poisoning, Multiple sclerosis,"--------(1))
49) "LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN NECK --- is seen in SupraGlottic Ca., Ca.of Tonsil, Papillary
Ca.of thyroid, NEVER seen in Ca.of Vocal Cords, "--------------------((1))
50) "MASKING---is applied for inability to hear,"-----------------((1))
51) "MASTOID TEMPORAL BONE AIR CELL GROUPS---include Petrosae, Retrofacial,
Hypotympanic, Sublabyrinthine."-----------------((1))
52) "MASTOID TIP---appears by 2yrs. of age,"----------------((1))

53) "INFERIOR MEATUS OF NOSE---NasoLacrimal duct/ Frontonasal duct opens," ------------((1))

54) "MONOAURAL DISPLACUSIS---due to Lesions of Cochlea,"------------((1))
55) "MYIASIS OF NOSE---MAGGOTS OF NOSE, Rx-TOC.--CHLOROFORM Water,"---------((1))
56) "MYRINGITIS BULLOSA---caused by Virus,"--------------((1))
57) "NASAL DEPRESSED BRIDGE--- caused by Syphylis, Septal Abscess, Injury,"-------------------((1))
58) CROOKED NOSE---due to Deviated Tip & Septum ,---------------------((1))
59) "SADDLE SHAPED NOSE---due to Destruction of nasal septum," --------((1))
60) "OESOPHAGUS---cervical oesophagus receives its blood supply from Inf.Thyroid Artery, "----------(1)
61) "BENIGN NEOPLASMS OF OESOPHAGUS---commonest --is Intramural Tumour of oesophagus-LEIOMYOMA,"-------------------((1))
62) "CARCINOMA OF OESOPHAGUS---RAT TAIL APP. on Barium swallowing,"-----------------((1))
63) "OLFCTORY AREA---Looks YELLOW in colour,"-------------------((1))
64) "OSSICULAR RATIO = 1.3:1 , " -------------------((1))
65) "TUBERCULAR OTITIS MEDIA---Multiple perforations of T.M., "-------------((1))
66) "ACUTE NON SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA---Retracted drumhead with a hiar-line or air
bubbles on otoscopy," ------------------((1))
67) "OTOMYCOSIS---most common fugas aspergillus fumigatus,"----------((1))
68) CSF OTORRHOEA--- fracture of petrous ridge/ petrous temporal bone,--------------((1))
69) "PENDRED SYND.--Thyroid swelling + nerve deafness,"------------------((1))
70) PARAPHARYNGEAL ABCESS---swelling in post. Part of middle1/3 of sternomastoid & tonsil
is pused medially,----------------((1))
71) "PAROSMIA---PERVERSION OF SMELL,"------------((1))
72) "PHARYNGITIS- MEMBRANOUS---causes--streptococcal, ludwig's angina, diptheria, "----------

-((1))
73) PHARYNGOMAXILLARY ABSCESS---medial bulge of pharynx ,----------((1))
74) "PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA---most common tumour of parotid gland,"-------------((1))
75) PNEUMATOCELE--seen in fracture of frontal sinus,--------------((1))
76) PROCESSUS COCHLEARIFORMIS--attaches to handle of mallues,---------------((1))
77) "RESP.ALLERGY--house dust,"------------------((1))
78) "RANADIER'S OPERATION---done in Petrositis,"---------------((1))
79) CHRONIC RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS--due to caries spine,-----------((1))
80) "SICCA RHINITIS--anterior nares inv.,",------------------((1))
81) "RHINOLITH--- deposition of calcium around the F.B. in nose,"-----------((1))
82) RHINOPHYMA---hypertrophy of sebaceous gland,------------------((1))
83) "SINGERS NODULE---Voice abuse,"-------------------(1))
84) "SCALA MEDIA ---shows endolymph,"----------------((1))
85) "SCHIRMER'S TEST---for lacrimal secr. To test facial nerve,"------------((1))
86) "SEMICIRCULAR CANALS--senses Angular movements,"--------------((1))
87) "SCHWARTZ SIGN ---seen in otosclerosis,"----------------((1))
88) "SCHWARTZE OPERATION---done in CSOM,"-----------((1))
89) "SPEECH DISCRIMINATION SCORE---lowest in retrocochlear SND,"------------------------((1))
90) "ALPORT'S SYND.---SNHL+Hereditary nephritis,"--------------((1))
91) "TEMPORAL BONE---petrous part-inner ear,"------------------((1))
92) "TONE DECAY TEST---done to fineout retrocochlear lesions,"------------((1))
93) "TOBEY AYER TEST---Lateral sinus thrombosis,"----------------((1))
94) "TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE---double tube, made of Titanium silver alloy, cuffed tube is used

for IPPV, "--------((1))

95) "TROTTER'S TRIAD---seen in nasopharyngeal ca.,"-----------((1))
96) "UMBO---most reliable landmark on otoscopy,"-------------((1))
97) "VERTIGO---peripheral/ labyrinthine V. fes--unidirectional nystagmus, marked vertigo,
ass.central abn.absent,"--------------((1))
98) "VESTIBULE---IS present in nose, larynx, pharynx,"--------------((1))
99) "VESTIBULAR SCHWANOMMA---IOC--GADOLINIUM ENHANCED MRI,"------------------((1))
100) VIDIAN NERVE---/ NERVE OF PTERYGOID CANAL---, ---------------((1))
101) "VOCAL NODULES---present at junction of anterior 1/3 & post. 2/3, "-------------------------((1))
102) "WOODRUFF'S AREA---post. End of inferior turbinate, "-----------------((1))
103) "WALDERYER'S RING ---inner w.group of L.N.=tonsils, lingual tonsils, adenoids,"----------------((1))
104) "WARTHIN'S TUMOUR---Rx superior paratidectomy,"------------------((1))
105) ZENKER'S DIVERTICULUM --- it's asymp.-------------------((1))
106) "AT BIRTH---following structures are of adult size--tympanic cavity, malleus, tympanic
ring , except -mastoid antrum,"-------------------((1))
107) "The ADDUCTION OF V.C. cannot occur while talking , but can occur with good cough --is
a condition ass. With functional aphonia,"--------(1))
108) "SUPRAGLOTTIS--- include -aryepiglottic folds, false cords, laryngeal surface of the
epiglottis,"---------------((1))
109) "TRANSBRONCIAL BIOPSY---is thru. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy,"----------------((1))
110) "NORMAL RANGE OF frequency of human haering = 20-20,000 hz,"--------------((1))
111) "AUDIBLE SOUND FOR NORMAL HUMANHEARING = 40-45 db,"---------------((1))
112) "PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO NOISE LEVELS > 85 db can impair hearing permanently,"--------------((1))

113) "RUPTURE OF T.M. /EAR DRUM occur at noise level > 160 db,"--------------((1))
114) "40 db COMPARED TO 20 DB is 100 TIMES,"-------------((1))
115) "RHINITIS SYNDROME---in mast cell mediator release category are categorised by
sneezing , marked postnasal discharge, lacrimation,"----------------((1))
116) "WATER'S VIEW ( OCCIPITOMENTAL )--- provides good visualization of maxillary sinus,
orbitofrontal sinus, frontal sinus,"--------------((1))
117) "CHILD WITH COMPRESSIBLE SWELLING ROOT OF NOSE---MENINGOMYELOCELE,"-----------((1))
118) "STRUCTURES PASSING between the upper border of the superior constrictor muscle &
base of the skull are levator palati muscle & the cartilagineous eustachain tube,"-------------------((1))
119) QUALITY OF VOICE--- not changed in total adductor palsy,-------((1))
120) "FAMILIAL PREDISPOSITION of malignancies--- are seen in -breast, leukaemia, thyroid,"---------------(1))
121) "GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE---supplies sensation to the middle ear mucous memb.,&
tongue (post1/3)"-------------((1))
122) "MICROPHONIC POTENTIALS ORIGINATING IN COCHLEA are resistant to Ischaemia,"-------------((1))
123) "IVORY OSTEOMA--- sen in fronto-ethmoidal region,"-------------((1))
124) "PLICA SEMILUNARIS---is situated in Tonsillar area,"----------((1))
125) "SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND SURGERY---may result in damage of 7,11,12 Cr.N.,"-------((1))
126) "MICROLARYNGOSCOPY---size of lens used is 400mm.,"------------((1))
127) "VOCAL FREMITUS ---decreased in Emphysema , thick pleura, Pleural effusion,"------------((1))
128) "common site of F.B. in lower respiratory tract is --Rt.Main Bronchus,"-------------------((1))
129) "IMPAIRMENT OF hearing due to noise starts at ---4000 hz.,/ 4khz.,"-----------------((1))
130) "EAM=24 mm, / 2.4 cm.,"-------------------((1))

131) "E.T / PT.TUBE=36 mm., / 3.6 cm.," -----------((1))

132) "U-SHAPED AUDIOGRAM---CONGENITAL DEAFNESS,"----------((1))
133) FLAT AUDIOGRAM---SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA,---------------((1))
134) "CARHART'S NOTCH ---2000 hz., / 2Khz.,"--------------((1))
135) "WAX IN EAR ---commonest cause of deafness,"-----------((1))
Dr.Krishnamurthy at 4:27 PM
0

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