1

VSB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL

CAMPUIS
COIMBATORE
Department of 3dBEECE
PAPER TITLE! BIOMETRIC SECURIT"
PAPER PRESENTED B"!
P#$AVI"ARSU %a&'o(a)*+,-ma*.#/om0
R#BALASUNDARAN %n*t'*&'1a.a23,-ma*.0
2
Name1:R.balasundaran
E-mail:nithishbala@gmail.com
PH .NO:750!71!
Name:".#a$i%arasu
E-mail:asho#a$i@gmail.com
Ph.No:7&05&'!5(


VSBCET
C
BIOMETRIC SECURITY
3
BIOMETRIC SECURITY SYSTEM
ABSTRACT:
Today we live in the age, where
security is an important parameter. Traditional ways
of security is password security. But there are
chances of password to be stolen or forgotten. So,
we would lie to give information on more secured
way, which is biometrics security.
!ith increasing incidences of
security threats and identity thefts, it is becoming
clear that, effective security will entail more
effective positive person identification and more
effective negative identification. Both of these tass
will necessarily involve biometrics as other
conventional means of persons identification that
are inherently effective because they mae strong
and "uestionable assumptions about relationship
between identity of a sub#ect and
nowledge$possessions associate with the sub#ect.
This paper proposes the multimodal
biometrics system for identity verification using five
traits i.e., face, fingerprint, iris, voice and signature.
The proposed system is designed for applications
where the training database contains a face, iris,
two fingerprint images, and one or two signature
image%s& for each individual.
$E"4ORDS!
BIOMETRICS, MULTIMODAL, FACE,
FINGERPRINT, IRIS, SIGNATURE, FUSION,
MATCHING SCORE
1 INTRODUCTION!
Biometrics me!s "i#e
mes$reme!t, %$t t&e term is $s$""' ssocite( )it&
t&e $se o# $!i*$e +&'sio"o,ic" c&rcteristics to
i(e!ti#' ! i!(i-i($". O!e o# t&e ++"ictio!s )&ic&
most +eo+"e ssocite )it& %iometrics is sec$rit'.
Ho)e-er, %iometrics i(e!ti#ictio! &s e-e!t$""'
m$c& %ro(er re"e-!ce s com+$ter i!ter#ce
%ecomes more !t$r". It is ! $tomte( met&o( o#
reco,!i/i!, +erso! %se( o! +&'sio"o,ic" or
%e&-ior" c&rcteristic. Amo!, t&e #et$res
mes$re( re0 #ce, #i!,er+ri!ts, &!( ,eometr',
&!()riti!,, iris, reti!", -ei!, -oice etc.
Biometrics is %est (e#i!e( s
mes$r%"e +&'sio"o,ic" !( 1 or %e&-ior"
c&rcteristics t&t c! %e $ti"i/e( to -eri#' t&e
i(e!tit' o# ! i!(i-i($". T&e' re o# i!terest i! !'
re )&ere it is im+ort!t to -eri#' t&e tr$e i(e!tit' o#
! i!(i-i($". No) (' t&e %iometrics tec&!o"o,' is
+re#erre( %' m!' or,!i/tio!s #or t&e sec$rit'
+$r+ose !( i! comi!, #$t$re )e )i"" see t&e sme
tec&!o"o,' i! ATM mc&i!e, te"e+&o!e tr!sctio!s,
i!ter!et tr!sctio!s !( so o!.
Biometrics re !ot #$t$re tec&!o"o,',
t&e' re c$rre!t tec&!o"o,', )it& %i,,er ro"e i!
t&e #$t$re. Biometrics )i"" !ot to re+"ce +ss)or(s,
s)i+e cr(s, or +i! !$m%ers etc, rt&er )or2 )it&
t&em i! e!&!ci!, sec$rit' i! sim+"e, re"i%"e, !(
cost e##ecti-e )'.
2 4HAT IS BIOMETRICS5
A %iometrics is mes$r%"e, +&'sic"
c&rcteristic or +erso!" %e&-ior" trit $se(
to reco,!i/e t&e i(e!tit' or -eri#' t&e c"ime(
i(e!tit' o# ! e!ro""e( $ser.
I! t&e (e-e"o+me!t o# %iometric i(e!ti#ictio!
s'stems, +&'sic" !( %e&-ior" #et$res #or
reco,!itio! re re*$ire( )&ic&3
re s $!i*$e s +ossi%"e, t&t is, !
i(e!tic" trit )o!4t ++er i! t)o
+eo+"e3 Un*67ene&&
occ$r i! s m!' +eo+"e s +ossi%"e3
Un*)er&a.*t8
(o!4t c&!,e o-er time3 Permanen/e
re mes$r%"e )it& sim+"e tec&!ic"
i!str$me!ts3 Mea&7ra1*.*t8
re es' !( com#ort%"e to mes$re3
U&er fr*end.*ne&&
4
3 FUNCTIONING OF THE S"STEM!
F*-7re 9# B*ometr*/ S8&tem
4 METHODS OF RECOGNITION!
T&e met&o(s o# reco,!itio! re (escri%e(
%e"o)3
Fi!,er reco,!itio!.
H!( ,eometr'.
Fce reco,!itio!.
5oice reco,!itio!.
Si,!t$re reco,!itio!
Iris reco,!itio!.
4.1 FINGER RECOGNITION!
T&is %iometric ++roc& $ses t&e ,eometric #orm o#
t&e &!( #or co!#irmi!, ! i!(i-i($"4s i(e!tit'.
Bec$se &$m! &!(s re !ot $!i*$e, s+eci#ic
#et$res m$st %e com%i!e( to ss$re ('!mic
-eri#ictio!. Some &!(6sc! (e-ices mes$re 7$st
t)o #i!,ers, ot&ers mes$re t&e e!tire &!(. T&ese
#et$res i!c"$(e c&rcteristics s$c& s #i!,er c$r-es,
t&ic2!ess !( "e!,t&0 t&e &ei,&t !( )i(t& o# t&e %c2
o# t&e &!(0 t&e (ist!ces %et)ee! 7oi!ts !( o-er""
%o!e str$ct$re. It s&o$"( %e !ote( t&t "t&o$,& t&e
%o!e str$ct$re !( 7oi!ts o# &!( re re"ti-e"'
co!st!t trits, ot&er i!#"$e!ces s$c& s s)e""i!, or
i!7$r' c! (is,$ise t&e %sic str$ct$re o# t&e &!(.
T&is co$"( res$"t i! #"se mtc&i!, !(
!o!6#"se mtc&i!,, &o)e-er t&e mo$!t o#
cce+t%"e (isti!cti-e mtc&es c! %e (7$ste( #or t&e
"e-e" o# sec$rit' !ee(e(.
To re,ister i! &!(6
sc! s'stem &!( is
+"ce( o! re(er4s
co-ere( #"t s$r#ce.
T&is +"ceme!t is
+ositio!e( %' #i-e
,$i(es or +i!s t&t
correct"' sit$te t&e
&!( #or t&e cmers.
A s$ccessio! o# cmers c+t$res 86D +ict$res o# t&e
si(es
!( %c2 o# t&e &!(. T&e tti!me!t o# t&e &!(6
sc! is #st !( sim+"e +rocess.
c! %e (etermi!e( %' t&e +tter! o# ri(,es !(
#$rro)s s Amo!, "" t&e %iometric tec&!i*$es,
#i!,er+ri!t6%se( i(e!ti#ictio! is t&e o"(est met&o(
)&ic& &s %ee! s$ccess#$""' $se( i! !$mero$s
++"ictio!s. E-er'o!e is 2!o)! to &-e $!i*$e,
imm$t%"e #i!,er+ri!ts. A #i!,er+ri!t is m(e o#
series o# ri(,es !( #$rro)s o! t&e s$r#ce o# t&e
#i!,er. T&e $!i*$e!ess o# #i!,er+ri!t )e"" s t&e
mi!$tie +oi!ts. Mi!$tie +oi!ts re "oc" ri(,e
c&rcteristics t&t occ$r t eit&er ri(,e %i#$rctio!
or ri(,e e!(i!,.
Figure 2. Finger
Recognition System
5
F*-7re 3#Ar/'*te/t7re of Re/o-n*t*on S8&tem
4.2 FACE RECOGNITION!
Fce reco,!itio! is #ir"' 'o$!,
tec&!o"o,' com+re( to ot&er %iometrics. Reserc& i!
t&is #ie"( &s %ee! ,oi!, o! #or (ec(es, %$t it &s
%ee! i! t&e "st 9: to 9; 'ers t&t t&e ,retest
(-!ces &-e t2e! +"ce.
T&ere is !e) so#t)re )&ic& c!
reco,!i/e #ces )it&i! cro)( i! t&e ttem+t to
mtc& t&em to store( im,es o# 2!o)! crimi!"s.
<it& t&e rece!t terrorist ttc2s t&ere &s %ee!
treme!(o$s +$s& to im+"eme!t t&is tec&!o"o,' i!
-riet' o# +$%"ic +"ces s$c& s ir+orts, ,o-er!me!t
%$i"(i!,s, %or(er crossi!,s, !( ot&er -$"!er%"e
res.

Prior to t&e ttc2s, &o)e-er, t&is tec&!o"o,' )s sti""
%ei!, im+"eme!te( i! &i,& crime res "i2e t&e streets
o# Tm+, s
)e"" s ot&er
cities. F$t$re
$ses o# t&is
tec&!o"o,'
m' i!c"$(e
i(e!ti#ictio!
s'stems #or
s$c& t&i!,s
s sec$rit'
se!siti-e
res !(
ATMs.

T&e
e,er!ess to
(o+t #ce
reco,!itio! c! %e +rti""' e=+"i!e( %' its re"ti-e"'
c&e+ +rice. Reco,!itio! so#t)re c! r$! s c&e+ s
#e) t&o$s!( (o""rs, !( )it& t&e %i"it' to $ti"i/e
PC cmers t&e cost is si,!i#ic!t"' "o)er t&! ot&er
%iometrics &r()re.
F*-7re :#FACE RECOGNITION
4.3 VOICE RECOGNITION!
I! com+ri!, -oice to ot&er #orms o#
%iometrics, t&e #re*$e!c' "octio!s +"otte( o! t&e
-oice +ri!t t%"e re +ro+ortio!te to t&e +&'sic"
"octio!s o# mi!$tie $se( i! #i!,er+ri!t
i(e!ti#ictio!. T&e mi!$tie re t&e e!(+oi!ts !(
%i#$rctio!s o# t&e s)ir"s o# 'o$r #i!,er+ri!t.
T&e (-!t,e o# $si!, s+eec& is t&t
t&e !$m%er o# "octio!s is "most e!("ess. T&e
c+cit' to e=te!( (t co""ectio! o-er m$"ti+"e
)or(s #or e-e! %etter cc$rc' is (isti!ct (-!t,e
o-er im,e6%se( tec&!i*$es s$c& s #i!,er+ri!ts !(
reti!
sc!s
)&ere
o!"'
#i!ite
mo$!t o#
%iometric
(t is
-i"%"e.

A"t&o$,&
Figure 5.Voice Recognition
6
it is -irt$""' im+ossi%"e #or ! im+ostor to co+'
someo!e4s -oice, it is "so -er' (i##ic$"t #or someo!e
to re+et e=ct"' t&e +&rse ori,i!""' e!ro""e(. T&is
is -er' simi"r to t&e #ct it is (i##ic$"t to re+ro($ce
t&e e=ct -ersio! o# 'o$r si,!t$re o! 'o$r cre(it
cr(.
5oice %iometrics )or2s %' (i,iti/i!, +ro#i"e
o# +erso!4s s+eec& to +ro($ce store( mo(e" -oice
+ri!t, rt&er "i2e tem+"te, )&ic& is re#erre( to ec&
time t&t +erso! ttem+ts to ccess sec$re (t.
T&e +ositio! !( mo-eme!t o# t&e ,"ott"
tiss$es, "i+s, 7) !( to!,$e corres+o!( )it& s+eec&
mo-eme!ts i! t&e -oc" trct. Biometrics tec&!o"o,'
re($ces ec& s+o2e! )or( i!to se,me!ts3 s$%6)or(
"i2e s'""%"es, +&o!emes, tri+ &o!es or simi"r $!its
o# so$!(, com+ose( o# se-er" (omi!!t #re*$e!cies
c""e( #orm!ts, )&ic& remi! re"ti-e"' co!st!t
o-er t&t se,me!t. Ec& se,me!t &s t&ree or #o$r
(omi!!t to!es t&t c! %e c+t$re( i! (i,it" #orm
!( +"otte( o! t%"e or s+ectr$m. T&is t%"e o# to!es
'ie"(s t&e s+e2er4s $!i*$e -oice +ri!t.
T&e -oice +ri!t is store( s t%"e o#
!$m%ers, )&ere t&e +rese!ce o# ec& (omi!!t
#re*$e!c' i! ec& se,me!t is e=+resse( s %i!r'
e!tr'. Si!ce "" t%"e e!tries re eit&er 9 or :, ec&
co"$m! c! %e re( %ottom to to+ s "o!, %i!r'
co(e. <&e! +erso! s+e2s &is or &er +ss+&rse, t&e
co(e )or( or )or(s re e=trcte( !( com+re( to
t&e store( mo(e" #or t&t +erso!.
4.4 IRIS RECOGNITION!
Iris sc! %iometrics em+"o's t&e
$!i*$e c&rcteristics !( #et$res o# t&e &$m! iris
i! or(er to -eri#' t&e i(e!tit' o# ! i!(i-i($". T&e
iris is t&e re o# t&e e'e )&ere t&e +i,me!te( or
co"ore( circ"e, $s$""' %ro)! or %"$e, ri!,s t&e (r2
+$+i" o# t&e e'e.
T&e
iris6
sc!
+rocess %e,i!s )it& +&oto,r+&. A s+eci"i/e(
cmer, t'+ic""' -er' c"ose to t&e s$%7ect, !o more
t&! t&ree #eet, $ses ! i!#rre( im,er to i""$mi!te
t&e e'e !( c+t$re -er' &i,&6reso"$tio!
+&oto,r+&. T&is +rocess t2es o!"' o!e to t)o
seco!(s !( +ro-i(es t&e (eti"s o# t&e iris t&t re
m++e(, recor(e( !( store( #or #$t$re
mtc&i!,1-eri#ictio!.
F*-7re ;# IRIS RECOGNITION
E'e,"sses !( co!tct "e!ses +rese!t
!o +ro%"ems to t&e *$"it' o# t&e im,e !( t&e iris6
sc! s'stems test #or "i-e e'e %' c&ec2i!, #or t&e
!orm" co!ti!$o$s #"$ct$tio! i! +$+i" si/e.
T&e i!!er e(,e o# t&e iris is "octe( %' ! iris6
sc! ",orit&m )&ic& m+s t&e iris> (isti!ct +tter!s
!( c&rcteristics. A! ",orit&m is series o#
(irecti-es t&t te"" %iometric s'stem &o) to i!ter+ret
s+eci#ic +ro%"em. A",orit&ms &-e !$m%er o#
ste+s !( re $se( %' t&e %iometric s'stem to
(etermi!e i# %iometric sm+"e !( recor( is
mtc&.
Iris> re com+ose( %e#ore %irt& !(,
e=ce+t i! t&e e-e!t o# ! i!7$r' to t&e e'e%"", remi!
$!c&!,e( t&ro$,&o$t ! i!(i-i($">s "i#etime.
Iris +tter!s re e=treme"' com+"e=,
crr' ! sto!is&i!, mo$!t o# i!#ormtio! !( &-e
o-er ?:: $!i*$e s+ots. T&e #ct t&t ! i!(i-i($">s
ri,&t !( "e#t e'es re (i##ere!t !( t&t +tter!s re
es' to c+t$re, est%"is&es iris6sc! tec&!o"o,' s
o!e o# t&e %iometrics t&t is -er' resist!t to #"se
mtc&i!, !( #r$(.
T&e
#"se cce+t!ce rte #or
iris reco,!itio! s'stems
is 9 i! 9.? mi""io!,
sttistic""' %etter t&!
t&e -er,e #i!,er+ri!t
reco,!itio! s'stem.
T&e re" %e!e#it is i!
t&e #"se6re7ectio! rte,
mes$re o# $t&e!ticte(
$sers )&o re re7ecte(.
Figure 8. Iris Recognition
System
7
Fi!,er+ri!t sc!!ers &-e 8 +erce!t #"se6
re7ectio! rte, )&eres iris sc!!i!, s'stems %ost
rtes t t&e : +erce!t "e-e".
Iris6sc! tec&!o"o,' &s %ee! +i"ote( i! ATM
e!-iro!me!ts i! E!,"!(, t&e US, @+! !(
Germ!' si!ce s er"' s 9AAB.
Air+orts &-e %e,$! to $se iris6sc!!i!, #or s$c&
(i-erse #$!ctio!s s em+"o'ee
i(e!ti#ictio!1-eri#ictio! #or mo-eme!t t&ro$,&
sec$re res !( ""o)i!, re,istere( #re*$e!t ir"i!e
+sse!,ers s'stem t&t e!%"es #st !( es'
i(e!tit' -eri#ictio! i! or(er to e=+e(ite t&eir +t&
t&ro$,& +ss+ort co!tro".
Ot&er ++"ictio!s i!c"$(e mo!itori!, +riso!
tr!s#ers !( re"eses, s )e"" s +ro7ects (esi,!e( to
$t&e!ticte o!6"i!e +$rc&si!,, o!6"i!e %!2i!,, o!6
"i!e -oti!, !( o!6"i!e stoc2 tr(i!, to !me 7$st
#e). Iris6sc! o##ers &i,& "e-e" o# $ser sec$rit',
+ri-c' !( ,e!er" +ece o# mi!( #or t&e co!s$mer.
A &i,&"' cc$rte tec&!o"o,' s$c& s iris6sc!
&s -st ++e" %ec$se t&e i!&ere!t r,$me!t #or !'
%iometric is, o# co$rse, i!crese( sec$rit'.
:#3 SIGNATURE RECOGNITION
Si,!t$re -eri#ictio! is t&e
+rocess $se( to reco,!i/e ! i!(i-i($">s &!(6
)ritte! si,!t$re. T&ere re t)o t'+es o# si,!t$re
reco,!itio! tec&!i*$es3 sim+"e !( ('!mic. T&ere is
! im+ort!t (isti!ctio! %et)ee! sim+"e si,!t$re
com+riso!s !( ('!mic si,!t$re -eri#ictio!.
Bot& c! %e
com+$teri/e(, %$t
sim+"e com+riso!
o!"' t2es i!to
cco$!t )&t t&e
si,!t$re "oo2s "i2e.
D'!mic si,!t$re
-eri#ictio! t2es
i!to cco$!t &o)
t&e si,!t$re )s
m(e. <it&
('!mic si,!t$re
-eri#ictio! it is !ot t&e s&+e or "oo2 o# t&e si,!t$re
t&t is me!i!,#$"0 it is t&e c&!,es i! s+ee(, +ress$re
!( timi!, t&t occ$r ($ri!, t&e ct o# si,!i!,.
T&ere )i"" ")'s %e s"i,&t -ritio!s i! +erso!>s
&!()ritte! si,!t$re, %$t t&e co!siste!c' crete( %'
!t$r" motio! !( +rctice o-er time cretes
reco,!i/%"e +tter! t&t m2es t&e &!()ritte!
si,!t$re !t$r" #or %iometric i(e!ti#ictio!.
3 ADVANTAGES
Biometric i(e!ti#ictio! +ro-i(es $!i*$e
i(e!ti#ictio!.
Biometrics is more re"i%"e !( e##icie!t i!
(isti!,$is&i!, %et)ee! s+eci#ic i!(i-i($"
!( ! im+oster.
Biometric i(e!ti#ictio! +rotects c$stomers
,i!st t&e#t !( #r$(.
I(e!ti#ictio! o# t&e i!(i-i($"s is %se( o!
t&e i!(i-i($">s $!i*$e +&'sic" !(
%io"o,ic" *$"ities t&t c! !ot %e tr(e(,
s&re(, "ost or sto"e!.
De,ree o# t&e e##icie!c' is too m$c& i! t&e
%iometric tec&!i*$e.
< DISADVANTAGES
A Biometric s'stem c! est%"is& ! i(e!tit'
o!"' to certi! "e-e" o# cc$rc'.
FAR CF"se cce+t!ce rteD is +ro%%i"it' %'
)&ic& s'stem c! cce+t im+oster s ,e!$i!e
i!(i-i($".
FRR C#"se re7ectio! rteD is +ro%%i"it' %'
)&ic& s'stem c! re7ect ,e!$i!e i!(i-i($".
Cost o# t&e im+"eme!ttio! too"s is too &i,&
Cs$c& s #i!,er +ri!t se!sors re e=treme"'
e=+e!si-eD.
T&e cost o# t&e stori!, %iometric tem+"tes
!( o# t&e com+$ti!, +o)er re*$ire( to
+rocess !( mtc& %iometric mes$reme!t is
*$ite &i,&.
; APPLICATIONS
T&e %iometrics sec$rit' s'stem is $se( #or
se-er" +$r+oses. T&e' re
Time Atte!(!ce
I(e!ti#ictio! cr(
Immi,rtio! c&ec2s
Figure 9. Signature
Recognition
8
Po"ice recor(s
C$stomer i(e!ti#ictio!, Lo'"t' +ro,rms
Sec$rit' s'stems
Pre-e!ti!, i(e!tit' t&e#t
Mem%ers&i+ m!,eme!t i! c"$%s, "i%rries
etc.
E!ter+rise !et)or2 sec$rit'
Tr!sctio! m!,eme!t
B!2i!,, ATMs
= CONCLUSION
At its i!#!c', c$rre!t %iometric
tec&!o"o,' is sti"" co!si(ere( immt$re to com+"ete"'
re+"ce +ss)or( !( ot&er $t&e!tictio! sc&emes.
Sec$rit' )ise, %iometric tec&!o"o,' s&o)s
-$"!er%i"ities t&t c! %e esi"' e=+"oite( #or
)ro!,#$" +$r+oses. Biometrics itse"# is %' !t$re
com+"icte( !( (isti!cti-e"' sec$re( to ec& $!i*$e
i(e!tit'. It is t&e im+er#ect (esi,! o# t&e s'stem !(
its e"eme!ts t&t +ro($ces t&e sec$rit' &o"es. He!ce,
to c&ie-e &i,&er sec$rit' +er#orm!ce, t&e (esi,! o#
%iometric s'stem s&o$"( t2e i!to co!si(ertio! t&e
+ossi%"e -$"!er%i"ities o# t&e +rocesses !(
",orit&ms o# t&e s'stem #or t&e )&o"e "i#e c'c"e,
!me"' (t co""ectio!, (t tr!smissio!, stor,e,
tem+"tes com+riso! !( s$sce+ti%i"it' o# t&e s'stem
to +&'sic" &$m! ttc2.
># FUTUTRE SCOPE
T&e #$t$re +ro($cts o# %iometric
s'stem c! co!ce!trte o! im+ro-isi!, t&e memor'
s+ce #or stori!, t&e sc!!e( (t, im+ro-e t&e rte
o# cc$rc', re($ce FAR !( i!crese( com+$ti!,
+o)er. T&ese #et$res )o$"( &e"+ $s to o-ercome t&e
(is(-!t,es i! o$r +ro+ose( %iometric s'stem.
92 REFERENCES
)1* ))).si!$%iometrics.com
)* ))).%iometrics.com
)&* ))).irisi!#o.com
)(* ))).%iometrici!#o.com