ISSN (e): 2250 3005 || Vol, 04 || Issue, 8 || August 2014 ||

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)

Vehicle Theft Intimation Using GSM

1,

Minakshi Kumari, 2, Prof. Manoj Singh

1, 2,

Computer Science and Engineering (Information Security)

Disha institute of Management and Technology Raipur, India

ABSTRACT:
This project uses a wireless technology for automobiles using GSM modem. With the help of GSM
modem, we can stop the automobile engine when someone tries to steal the vehicle. When unauthorised
person tries to unlock the door of car, then a programmable microcontroller 8051 gets an interrupt and
order to GSM modem to send a SMS. GSM modem that stores owners number upon a miss call for the
first time sends an alert SMS to that authorized number. If owner reply to stop the engine then the
control instruction is given to the microcontroller through interface that the output from which activates
a relay driver to trip the relay that disconnects the ignition of the automobile resulting in stopping the
vehicle.

Keywords - Step down transformer 230/12V, Bridge Rectifier, Voltage Regulator 7805, Microcontroller
8051 and GSM modem.

I.

INTRODUCTION

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM differs from first generation wireless systems in that it uses
digital technology and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmission methods. GSM is a circuitswitched system that divides each 200kHz channel into eight 25kHz time-slots. GSM operates in the 900MHz
and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz and 850MHz bands in the US. The 850MHz band is also used for
GSM and 3GSM in Australia, Canada and many South American countries. GSM supports data transfer speeds
of upto 9.6 kbit/s, allowing the transmission of basic data services such as SMS (Short Message Service).
Another major benefit is its international roaming capability, allowing users to access the same services when
travelling abroad as at home. This gives consumers seamless and same number connectivity in more than 210
countries. GSM satellite roaming has also extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not
available Global System for Mobile Communications. The first European digital standard, developed to
establish cellular compatibility throughout Europe.
It's success has spread to all parts of the world and over 80 GSM networks are now operational. It operates at
900 MHz.
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication and is an open, digital cellular technology used
for transmitting mobile voice and data services.
The GSM emerged from the idea of cell-based mobile radio systems at Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s.
The GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile
telephone standard.
The GSM standard is the most widely accepted standard and is implemented globally.
The GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200kHz channel into eight 25kHz time-slots. GSM
operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz and 850MHz bands in the US.
The GSM is owning a market share of more than 70 percent of the world's digital cellular subscribers.
The GSM makes use of narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique for transmitting
signals.
The GSM was developed using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data
rates.
Presently GSM supports more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than 210 countries throughout
the world.

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Vehicle Theft Intimation Using GSM

The GSM provides basic to advanced voice and data services including Roaming service. Roaming is the
ability to use your GSM phone number in another GSM network.
Throughout the evolution of cellular telecommunications, various systems have been developed
without the benefit of standardized specifications. This presented many problems directly related to
compatibility, especially with the development of digital radio technology. The GSM standard is intended to
address these problems.
From 1982 to 1985 discussions were held to decide between building an analog or digital system. After
multiple field tests, a digital system was adopted for GSM. The next task was to decide between a narrow or
broadband solution. In May 1987, the narrowband time division multiple access (TDMA) solution was chosen.
1.

GSM Modem

Fig 1. GSM Modem

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular
communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European
mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system
operating at 900 MHz. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A
wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem
sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through
radio waves. The working of GSM modem is based on commands, the commands always start with AT (which
means ATtention) and finish with a <CR> character. For example, the dialing command is ATD<number>;
ATD3314629080; here the dialing command ends with semicolon. The AT commands are given to the GSM
modem with the help of PC or controller. The GSM modem is serially interfaced with the controller with the
help of MAX 232.

II.

NEW APPROACHES

Recently, a GPS based system is use for automobile security. This GPS system helps to find out the
exact location of the vehicle and find out the direction of the vehicle. This system uses geographic position and
time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The system has an "On-Board Module" which resides
in the vehicle to be tracked and a "Base Station" that monitors data from the various vehicles. But this system is
not able to give protection to the vehicle. To overcome this problem, a GSM Modem based project introduced in
this security system. The main aim of this project is to use a wireless technology for automobiles using GSM
modem. The main scope of this project is to stop the automobile engine with the help of GSM modem when any
person tries to steal the vehicle. When unauthorised person tries to unlock the door of car, then a programmable
microcontroller 8051 gets an interrupt and order to GSM modem to send a sms. GSM modem that stores
owners number upon a miss call for the first time, sends an alert sms to that authorized number. If owner reply
to stop the engine then the control instruction is given to the microcontroller through interface that the output
from which activates a relay driver to trip the relay that disconnects the ignition of the automobile resulting in
stopping the vehicle.
Global usage: Originally GSM had been planned as a European system. However the first indication
that the success of GSM was spreading further afield occurred when the Australian network provider, Telstra
signed the GSM Memorandum of Understanding.

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Vehicle Theft Intimation Using GSM

Frequencies: GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM
frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or
1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for
example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some
countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems. Most 3G networks in Europe operate in the
2100 MHz frequency band. For more information on worldwide GSM frequency usage, see GSM frequency bands.
Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for individual phones. This allows eight fullrate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or burst periods) are grouped into a
TDMA frame. Half-rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is
270.833 kb/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts
in GSM 850/900 and 1 watt in GSM 1800/1900.

III.

GSM NETWORK

The network architecture of GSM can be broadly divided into these main areas

Mobile station
Base-station subsystem
Network and switching subsystem
Operation and support subsystem.

Fig 3.GSM Network

GSM is a cellular network, which means that cell phones connect to it by searching for cells in the
immediate vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM networkmacro, micro, pico, femto, and
umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells
can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average
rooftop level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average rooftop level; they are typically used
in urban areas. Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen metres; they are mainly used
indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the
service providers network via a broadband internet connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed
regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.
Cell horizontal radius varies depending on antenna height, antenna gain, and propagation conditions from a couple
of hundred metres to several tens of kilometres. The longest distance the GSM specification supports in practical use is 35
kilometres (22 mi). There are also several implementations of the concept of an extended cell, where the cell radius could be
double or even more, depending on the antenna system, the type of terrain, and the timing advance. Indoor coverage is also
supported by GSM and may be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station, or an indoor repeater with distributed
indoor antennas fed through power splitters, to deliver the radio signals from an antenna outdoors to the separate indoor
distributed antenna system. These are typically deployed when significant call capacity is needed indoors, like in shopping
centers or airports. However, this is not a prerequisite, since indoor coverage is also provided by in-building penetration of
the radio signals from any nearby cell.

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Vehicle Theft Intimation Using GSM

IV.

SPECIFICATIONS OF GSM

The GSM specification is listed below with important characteristics.

A.

Modulation:
Modulation is a form of change process where we change the input information into a suitable format
for the transmission medium. We also changed the information by demodulating the signal at the receiving end.
The GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation method.
B.

Access Methods:
GSM chose a combination of TDMA/FDMA as its method. The FDMA part involves the division by
frequency of the total 25 MHz bandwidth into 124 carrier frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth. One or more
carrier frequencies are then assigned to each BS. Each of these carrier frequencies is then divided in time, using
a TDMA scheme, into eight time slots. One time slot is used for transmission by the mobile and one for
reception. They are separated in time so that the mobile unit does not receive and transmit at the same time.
C.

Transmission Rate:
The total symbol rate for GSM at 1 bit per symbol in GMSK produces 270.833 K symbols/second. The
gross transmission rate of the time slot is 22.8 Kbps. GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270
kbps.
D.

Frequency Band:
The uplink frequency range specified for GSM is 933 - 960 MHz (basic 900 MHz band only). The
downlink frequency band 890 - 915 MHz (basic 900 MHz band only).
E.
Channel Spacing:
This indicates separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 kHz.
F.

Speech Coding:
GSM uses linear predictive coding (LPC). The purpose of LPC is to reduce the bit rate. The LPC
provides parameters for a filter that mimics the vocal tract. The signal passes through this filter, leaving behind a
residual signal. Speech is encoded at 13 kbps.
G.

Duplex Distance:
The duplex distance is 80 MHz. Duplex distance is the distance between the uplink and downlink
frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHz apart.
H.
Misc:
Frame duration: 4.615 ms
Duplex Technique: Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) access mode previously known as WCDMA.
Speech channels per RF channel: 8.

V.

COMPARISONS:

GPS based System

Definition

Technolog
y

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GPS stands for

Global positioning
System. It is a
satellite-based
navigation system
that was developed
by the United States
Department of
Defence.
Triangulation to at
least three or four of
the 24 satellites that
orbit the earth.

Vehicle Theft
Intimation Using
GSM Modem
It is a specification of
wireless network
infrastructure. The
system has been
developed by the
European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute.
An objects position is
determined using
signal strength and
triangulation from
base stations.

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Vehicle Theft Intimation Using GSM

Features

GPS system helps

to find location and
tracking of the
vehicle

Vehicle
Tracking

Digital maps, etc.

are used to track the
location in real
time.

Accuracy

Comparatively
difficult in area
surrounded by tall
buildings.

Advantage

Provides the
exact location
Provides the
exact latitude and
longitude
Helps in
searching the local
area for nearby
amenities
Assists in
improving the
accuracy for
weather forecasts.

VI.

This project can stop

the vehicle when
unauthorised person
tries to steal the
vehicle.
Phones international
mobile equipment
identity number, etc.
are used to track the
location of a vehicle.
Base stations are
capable of providing
locations in areas like
tunnel and dense
areas.
World wide
roaming
The facilities of
GSM are highly
protected
Reasonable
Devices and Facilities
The GSM
expertise usages five
bands of MHz rate;
450, 850, 900, 1800
and 1900 MHz.

FUTURE WORK

Vehicle tracking system is becoming increasingly important in large cities and it is more secured than
other systems. Now a days vehicle Stealing is rapidly increasing. Nowadays, GPS tracking system is used in
the vehicle. But this security is not enough for security. Due to this reason, this project is introducing the
wireless technology effectively for the automotive environments by using the GSM Modem. It is used in
sending sms intimation to owner in case of theft of vehicle. When a person trying to steal the vehicle. At that
time, programmable microcontroller 8051 gets an interrupt and microcontroller that stores owners number upon
a miss call for the first time, sends an alert sms to that authorized number. When someone tries to steal the car
then microcontroller gets an interrupt and orders GSM Modem to send the sms, the owner receives a SMS that
his car is being stolen then the owner sends back the SMS to the GSM modem to stop the engine, while the
vehicle will be stopped. The control instruction is given to the microcontroller through interface, the output from
which activates a relay driver to trip the relay that disconnects the ignition of the automobile resulting in
stopping the vehicle. This project can be more effective when this is use in bank for security purpose. When
unauthorized person tries to unlock bank locker then a security locker which is also available in bank locker
automatically get locked. So that theft cannot able to open the bank locker. For this, we can also provide
security in the bank.

VII.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

For fast development of the country transportation of men & materials is urgently require. For
transportation of men & material in very large amount large numbers vehicle is of high capacity is required
.The cost high capacity vehicle is very high .The Chances of theft vehicle is also increased due to high cost of
vehicle, non availability of garage ,guards & parking space in the town or city. To stop the theft of the car
/vehicle is urgently required for fast movement of the vehicle/car & also to control criminal activity. At present
we are using GPS system for tracking the theft vehicle. GPS system is not full prove system for arresting the
theft of vehicle or car. It only track the theft vehicle/car after theft.GPS system is also very costly system and
needs internet connection for tracking the vehicles.

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Vehicle Theft Intimation Using GSM

My project is based on GSM modem, which is a full prove system for arresting the theft of vehicles
without using GPS system and internet connection. My system is based on wireless technology. This project is
to use wireless technology to intimate the owner of the vehicle about any unauthorized door entry into the
vehicle. This is done by sending an auto-generated SMS to the owner. An added advantage of this project is
that, the owner can send back the SMS to the system, which will disable the ignition of the vehicle. Theft
intimation of the vehicle over SMS using GSM modem by user programmable number upon a miss-call , to the
owner, while unauthorized door entry is made in the vehicle. Owner can send command through his mobile to
the system to stop the engine by activating the relay interfaced to a microcontroller along with the GSM modem
used for the purpose. My system can be used remotely for stoppage the ignition of engine of the vehicles which
will completely stop the theft of vehicle .The cost of my GSM modem system is very low in comparison to
present GPS system and it is also very handy and light weighted. The circuit of my GSM modem is very simple,
which can be repaired very easily. In my GSM modem system, we are providing separate power system through
12v battery. There will be no any connection in my GSM system through car/vehicle battery. It will be a hidden
system fitted in the car/vehicles.

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An Introduction to GSM (Mobile Communications Library) by Siegmund H. Redl, Matthias Weber, Malcolm W. Oliphant
GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology and Implementation (Mobile Communications Library) by Gunnar Heine
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Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation
GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance: Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS
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