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2014 - Monthly Energy Review

The document is the Monthly Energy Review published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). It provides a summary of recent and historical energy statistics including total energy production, consumption, trade, prices, and other data. The EIA collects, analyzes, and disseminates this energy data and information to fulfill its responsibility under the Department of Energy Organization Act. The Monthly Energy Review is intended to be used by Congress, federal and state agencies, energy analysts, and the public.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

72 views211 pages

2014 - Monthly Energy Review

Uploaded by

Zorance75

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 211

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Monthly Energy Review

The Monthly Energy Review (MER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA) primary
report of recent and historical energy statistics. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity,
nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international petroleum; carbon dioxide emissions; and data
unit conversions.
Release of the MER is in keeping with responsibilities given to EIA in Public Law 9591 (Department of Energy Organization Act), which states, in part, in Section 205(a)(2):
The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....
The MER is intended for use by Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, energy analysts,
and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding the content of the MER
and other EIA publications.
Related Monthly Publications: Other monthly EIA reports are Petroleum Supply
Monthly, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, Natural Gas Monthly, and Electric Power Monthly. For
more information, contact EIAs Office of Communications via email at infoctr@eia.gov.

Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, annual data are usually displayed only in
5-year increments between 1950 and 2000 in the tables in Portable Document Format (PDF) files;
however, all annual data are shown in the Excel and comma-separated values (CSV) files. Also,
only two to three years of monthly data are displayed in the PDF files; however, for many series,
monthly data beginning with January 1973 are available in the Excel and CSV files.
Comprehensive Changes: Each month, most MER tables and figures carry a new month
of data, which is usually preliminary (and sometimes estimated or even forecast) and likely to be
revised in the succeeding month.
Annual Data From 1949: In 2013, EIA expanded the MER to incorporate annual data as
far back as 1949 in those data tables that were previously published in both the Annual Energy
Review (AER) and MER. Analysts may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with the
AER which offers annual data beginning in 1949 for many related supplemental data series that are
not found in the MER. The AER is available at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual.

Electronic Access
The MER is available on
EIAs website in a variety of formats at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Full report and sections: PDF files
Report tables: PDF files
Table data (unrounded): Excel and CSV files
Graphs: PDF files
Note: PDF files display selected annual and monthly data; Excel and CSV files display all available
annual and monthly data, often at a greater level of precision than the PDF files.
Timing of Release: The MER is posted on the EIA website no later than the last work day of
the month at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.

Released: November 25, 2014

DOE/EIA-0035(2014/11)

Monthly Energy Review

November 2014

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the
U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIAs data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or
employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of
the Department of Energy or other federal agencies.

Contacts
The Monthly Energy Review is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Statistics, Office
of Survey Development and Statistical Integration, Integrated Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T.
Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments specifically related to the Monthly Energy
Review may be addressed to Alexander Sun, 202-287-5948 (alexander.sun@eia.gov).
For assistance in acquiring data, please contact EIAs Office of Communications at 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov).
Questions about the collection, processing, or interpretation of the information may be directed to the following subject
specialists:

Section

Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov

Section

Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov

Section

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick

202-586-6254
jennifer.barrick@eia.gov

Section

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

Section

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Neal Davis

Section

Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sundar Thapa

Section

Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey

Section

Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stan Kaplan

Section

Energy Prices

202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
202-586-6581
neal.davis@eia.gov
202-586-3836
sundar.thapa@eia.gov
202-586-2630
ronald.hankey@eia.gov
202-586-5114
stan.kaplan@eia.gov

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein

202-586-8013
maureen.klein@eia.gov

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov

Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Wong

Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rebecca Peterson
Section

10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stan Kaplan

Section

11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith

Section

12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom

202-586-7574
peter.wong@eia.gov
202-586-4509
rebecca.peterson@eia.gov
202-586-5114
stan.kaplan@eia.gov
202-586-6925
patricia.smith@eia.gov
202-586-0934
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Contents
Page
Section

Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Section

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Section

Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Section

Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Section

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Section

Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Section

Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Section

Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Section

Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Section

10.

Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Section

11.

International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Section

12.

Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Appendix

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Appendix

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Glossary

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

iii

Tables
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10

Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Primary Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Primary Energy Imports by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Energy Consumption by Sector

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3

Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3b Imports and Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3c Imports From OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.3d Imports From Non-OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Petroleum Consumption
3.7a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.7b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.7c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption
3.8a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.8b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.8c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

3.8

23
25
27
29
31
33

Section 4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

Natural Gas
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Trade by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas in Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 5.
5.1
5.2

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

69
70
71
72

Tables
Page
Section 6.
6.1
6.2
6.3

Coal
Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Coal Stocks by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Section 7.
7.1
7.2

7.5
7.6

Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Electricity Net Generation
7.2a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.2b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.2c Commercial and Industrial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
7.3a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.3b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
7.4a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.4b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.4c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Section 8.
8.1

Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10

Energy Prices
Crude Oil Price Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3

7.4

119
120
121
122
123
124
125
127
129
131

Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
10.2
Renewable Energy Consumption
10.2a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
10.2b Industrial and Transportation Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
10.2c Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10.4
Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Tables
Page

Section 11. International Petroleum

11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a OPEC Members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

150
151
153
155

Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

159
161
162
163
164
165
166

Appendix A.
A1.
A2.
A3.
A4.
A5.
A6.

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

171
172
173
174
175
176

Appendix B.
B1.
B2.
B3.

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figures
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Primary Energy Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Primary Energy Imports and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Primary Energy Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Energy Consumption by Sector

Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3

Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3b Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector, Monthly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8a
3.8b

22
24
26
28
30
32

36
38
40
42
46
48
50
52
56
57

Section 4.
4.1

Natural Gas
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Section 5.
5.1

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Section 6.
6.1

Coal
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and
Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

7.5
7.6

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

vii

Figures
Page

Section 8.
8.1

Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

Energy Prices
Petroleum Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118
126
128
130

Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Section 11. International Petroleum
11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b By Selected Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

148
149
152
154

Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

viii

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Energy

Overview

Figure 1.1

Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)

Overview, 19492013
120
100
Consumption
80
Production

60
40
20

Imports
Exports

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Overview, Monthly
12
10
Consumption
8
Production

6
4

Imports
2
Exports
0
J

F M A M

J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Overview, August 2014

J J
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J A
2014

S O N D

Net Imports, JanuaryAugust

12
10.955
8.248

7.375

10
8.820
8

7.201

6
6
4
4
1.961

1.090
0

0
Production

Imports

Exports

Consumption

2012

2013

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Source: Table 1.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

2014

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Production

Imports

Exports

Net
Importsc

2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.947
6.069
6.229
6.599
6.528
7.219
7.655
8.128
9.170

35.540
40.148
42.803
50.674
63.495
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
71.332
71.735
70.713
69.939
70.234
69.434
70.751
71.422
73.233
72.672
74.793
77.986

1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.260
28.973
30.157
29.408
31.061
33.544
34.709
34.679
34.704
32.993
29.706
29.877
28.720

1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.511
4.006
3.771
3.669
4.054
4.434
4.560
4.873
5.483
7.063
6.966
8.234
10.457

0.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.750
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.806
29.220
25.931
22.740
21.643
18.263

-1.372
-.444
-.427
-.722
-1.367
-1.065
-1.210
1.110
-.284
2.105
2.515
-1.953
1.193
.998
.817
.698
-.929
.675
.129
-.817
1.581
1.212

31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.259
84.731
82.902
83.699
84.014
85.819
85.794
84.702
86.211
83.551
78.487
81.412
79.991

0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269

2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.948
6.081
6.242
6.649
6.541
7.202
7.638
8.081
9.074

34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.943
100.161
100.282
99.629
101.317
99.292
94.596
98.016
97.461

.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062

.772
.693
.792
.765
.806
.772
.743
.712
.644
.678
.683
.766
8.826

R 6.939

2.361
2.142
2.296
2.211
2.392
2.371
2.354
2.361
2.199
2.176
2.119
2.093
27.075

.858
.830
.960
.987
.999
.985
.973
.940
.906
.944
.930
1.043
11.356

1.502
1.313
1.336
1.224
1.393
1.386
1.381
1.420
1.293
1.232
1.189
1.050
15.719

R .280

R 7.201

.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062

.751
.681
.785
.761
.803
.772
.744
.718
.643
.683
.684
.763
8.786

R 8.721

.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268

.794
.705
.770
.808
.857
.821
.813
.737
.695
.740
.759
.799
9.298

2.160
1.800
2.022
2.050
2.133
2.034
2.163
2.149
2.058
2.011
1.917
2.058
24.555

.888
.857
1.024
.910
1.002
.965
1.020
1.025
.962
1.069
.990
1.147
11.858

1.272
.943
.997
1.140
1.131
1.069
1.143
1.125
1.097
.941
.928
.912
12.697

.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268

.793
.706
.771
.810
.857
.823
.812
.735
.699
.743
.754
.795
9.298

.819
.702
.849
.857
.857
.853
.819
.751
6.508

R 7.227

1.040
.921
1.076
.988
1.017
1.032
1.081
1.090
8.245

.812
.699
.840
.854
.856
.848
.812
.751
6.474

R 9.620

7.375
57.175

2.041
1.788
1.963
1.935
1.966
1.815
1.978
1.961
15.446

6.306
6.055

54.392
52.788

16.512
18.488

7.691
7.533

6.307
6.014

65.034
63.778

....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................

32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
57.366
58.541
56.834
56.033
55.942
55.044
55.938
56.436
57.587
56.662
58.230
60.548

0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269

2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
September ...........
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................

R 5.409

2013 January ................

R 4.979
R 5.212
R 4.923
R 5.141
R 4.996
R 5.277
R 5.349
R 5.119
R 5.378
R 5.265
R 5.276
R 62.324
R 5.357
R 4.885
R 5.341
R 5.209
R 5.415
R 5.209
R 5.570
R 5.611
R 5.394
R 5.501
R 5.422
R 5.462
R 64.376

2014 January ................

R 5.643

5.879
45.128

.766
.656
.654
.591
.660
.714
.754
.745
5.540

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

42.597
41.286

5.489
5.447

R 5.088
R 5.676
R 5.597
R 5.774
R 5.614
R 5.858

Consumption

Total

Fossil
Fuelsa

Renewable
Energyb

1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Trade
Stock
Change
and
Otherd

Nuclear
Electric
Power

R 6.341
R 6.651
R 6.273
R 6.597
R 6.451
R 6.744
R 6.791
R 6.439
R 6.681
R 6.543
R 6.761
R 79.212
R 6.899
R 6.234
R 6.771
R 6.612
R 6.931
R 6.726
R 7.123
R 7.095
R 6.778
R 6.903
R 6.861
R 7.008
R 81.942

R 6.446
R 7.179
R 7.045
R 7.291
R 7.182
R 7.430

a Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
b See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and

see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Includes petroleum stock change and adjustments; natural gas net storage
withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change, losses, and unaccounted for;
fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.
e Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
f Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised.

Fossil
Fuelse

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Renewable
Energyb

R .357

R 6.651

R -.262

R 6.283

R -.232

R 5.907

R -.331

R 6.191

R -.058

R 6.310

R .213

R 6.851

R .068

R 6.813

R -.320

R 6.079

R -.295

R 6.297

R .080

R 6.521

R .626

R 6.944

R .127

R 78.048

R .862

R 7.478

R .878

R 6.692

R .659

R 6.982

R -.195

R 6.141

R -.396

R 6.136

R -.027

R 6.231

R .051

R 6.747

R -.009

R 6.709

R -.193

R 6.277

R -.072

R 6.354

R .387

R 6.727

R 1.201

R 7.566

R 3.145

R 80.041

1.000
.866
.886
.947
.949
.783
.897
.871
7.201

R 1.392

R 8.029

R 1.187

R 7.135

R .528

R 7.088

R -.391

R 6.146

R -.546

R 6.164

R -.133

R 6.256

R -.063

R 6.682

.002
1.974

6.734
54.233

.766
.656
.654
.591
.660
.714
.754
.745
5.540

8.820
10.955

1.822
.035

53.116
52.207

5.489
5.447

Totalf

R 8.011
R 7.725
R 7.266
R 7.659
R 7.779
R 8.338
R 8.279
R 7.412
R 7.618
R 7.812
R 8.437
R 95.058
R 9.033
R 8.056
R 8.427
R 7.557
R 7.667
R 7.767
R 8.316
R 8.211
R 7.681
R 7.772
R 8.176
R 9.121
R 97.785

R 8.499
R 8.593
R 7.601
R 7.693
R 7.832
R 8.264

8.248
66.350

Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

Energy Consumption," in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Production: Table 1.2. Trade: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. Stock
Change and Other: Calculated as consumption minus production and net imports.
Consumption: Table 1.3.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.2

Primary Energy Production

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Source, 19492013
25

Coal

20
Natural Gas
15
Crude Oil and NGPLa
10

Renewable Energy
Nuclear Electric Power

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Source, Monthly
2.5
Natural Gas
2.0
Coal
1.5
Crude Oil and NGPLa
1.0

Renewable Energy

0.5

Nuclear Electric Power

0.0
J

F M A M

J J
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

J J A
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J A
2014

S O N D

By Source, August 2014

70
60
52.788

54.392

57.175

2.257

Natural Gas

Crude Oil
and NGPLa

1.917

40
Coal

1.704

30
20
10

Renewable
Energy

0.751

Nuclear
Electric Power

0.745

0
2012

2013

2014

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Natural gas plant liquids.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.2.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

2.0

2.5

3.0

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya

Fossil Fuels

Coalb

Natural
Gas
(Dry)

Crude
Oilc

NGPLd

Total

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Hydroelectric
Powere

Geothermal

Solar/
PV

14.060
12.370
10.817
13.055
14.607
14.989
18.598
19.325
22.488
22.130
22.735
23.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
23.493
23.851
21.624
22.038
22.221

6.233
9.345
12.656
15.775
21.666
19.640
19.908
16.980
18.326
19.082
19.662
20.166
19.382
19.633
19.074
18.556
19.022
19.786
20.703
21.139
21.806
23.406

11.447
14.410
14.935
16.521
20.401
17.729
18.249
18.992
15.571
13.887
12.358
12.282
12.160
11.960
11.550
10.969
10.771
10.748
10.613
11.325
11.605
11.950

0.823
1.240
1.461
1.883
2.512
2.374
2.254
2.241
2.175
2.442
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
2.409
2.419
2.574
2.781
2.970

32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
57.366
58.541
56.834
56.033
55.942
55.044
55.938
56.436
57.587
56.662
58.230
60.548

0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269

1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.793
2.688
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
2.539
3.103

NA
NA
(s)
.002
.006
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.164
.164
.171
.173
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
.208
.212

2012 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................

1.935
1.747
1.745
1.575
1.662
1.665
1.757
1.848
1.664
1.732
1.714
1.632
20.677

R 2.095
R 1.922
R 2.062
R 1.990
R 2.065
R 1.986
R 2.105
R 2.094
R 2.039
R 2.111
R 2.046
R 2.095

1.106
1.053
1.132
1.096
1.140
1.088
1.149
1.136
1.144
1.248
1.226
1.273
13.791

.272
.256
.272
.263
.273
.258
.266
.271
.272
.286
.280
.276
3.246

R 5.409
R 4.979
R 5.212
R 4.923
R 5.141
R 4.996
R 5.277
R 5.349
R 5.119
R 5.378
R 5.265
R 5.276

.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062

.220
.193
.247
.250
.273
.254
.252
.219
.168
.157
.178
.219
2.629

2013 January ..............

1.721
1.577
1.674
1.605
1.699
1.630
1.767
1.800
1.658
1.644
1.606
1.606
19.988

R 2.084
R 1.891
R 2.086
R 2.037

R 24.991

1.273
1.152
R 1.289
R 1.281
R 1.310
R 1.260
1.344
R 1.344
R 1.348
R 1.381
R 1.391
R 1.424
R 15.797

.279
.264
.292
.285
.300
.289
.307
.319
.317
.325
.312
.312
3.601

R 5.357
R 4.885
R 5.341
R 5.209
R 5.415
R 5.209
R 5.570
R 5.611
R 5.394
R 5.501
R 5.422
R 5.462

.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268

2014 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
8-Month Total ...

1.740
1.549
1.700
1.682
1.691
1.624
1.723
1.704
13.414

RE 2.157
RE 1.940
RE 2.173
RE 2.115
RE 2.213
RE 2.152
RE 2.231
E 2.257
E 17.237

RE 1.436
RE 1.314
RE 1.475
RE 1.469
RE 1.531
RE 1.493
RE 1.544
E 1.555
E 11.817

.310
.285
.328
.331
.338
.346
.359
.362
2.659

R 5.643
R 5.088
R 5.676
R 5.597
R 5.774
R 5.614
R 5.858

2013 8-Month Total ...

2012 8-Month Total ...

13.473
13.935

16.536
16.319

10.253
8.900

2.335
2.132

R 24.610

2.107

R 2.030
R 2.152
R 2.148
R 2.071
R 2.151
R 2.113
R 2.119

Wind

Biomass

Total

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
.126
.171

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.057
.070
.105
.113
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
.923
1.168

1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.099
3.006
2.624
2.705
2.805
2.998
3.104
3.216
3.480
3.881
3.967
4.332
4.516

2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.947
6.069
6.229
6.599
6.528
7.219
7.655
8.128
9.170

35.540
40.148
42.803
50.674
63.495
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
71.332
71.735
70.713
69.939
70.234
69.434
70.751
71.422
73.233
72.672
74.793
77.986

.017
.016
.018
.017
.018
.017
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.019
.212

.017
.016
.018
.018
.020
.020
.021
.020
.020
.020
.019
.019
.227

.130
.105
.133
.121
.119
.114
.084
.081
.084
.120
.111
.138
1.340

.388
.363
.377
.358
.376
.367
.368
.375
.356
.363
.358
.372
4.419

.772
.693
.792
.765
.806
.772
.743
.712
.644
.678
.683
.766
8.826

R 6.939
R 6.341
R 6.651
R 6.273
R 6.597
R 6.451
R 6.744
R 6.791
R 6.439
R 6.681
R 6.543
R 6.761

.239
.195
.197
.236
.272
.260
.259
.207
.161
.165
.169
.203
2.561

.019
.017
.019
.018
.018
.018
.019
.019
.018
.019
.018
.019
.221

.022
.021
.025
.025
.026
.027
.027
.028
.027
.028
.025
.026
.307

.139
.132
.149
.165
.155
.131
.106
.091
.111
.131
.151
.134
1.595

.375
.339
.381
.365
.386
.385
.402
.392
.377
.398
.396
.417
4.614

.794
.705
.770
.808
.857
.821
.813
.737
.695
.740
.759
.799
9.298

.206
.166
.231
.239
.252
.246
.231
.188
1.758

.019
.017
.018
.018
.019
.018
.018
.018
.145

.029
.027
.034
.036
.039
.040
.039
.040
.285

.171
.133
.169
.178
.148
.149
.115
.097
1.161

.395
.359
.396
.386
.400
.400
.415
.408
3.158

.819
.702
.849
.857
.857
.853
.819
.751
6.508

R 7.227
R 6.446
R 7.179
R 7.045
R 7.291
R 7.182
R 7.430

5.879
45.128

.766
.656
.654
.591
.660
.714
.754
.745
5.540

42.597
41.286

5.489
5.447

1.864
1.907

.147
.139

.201
.150

1.068
.887

3.026
2.971

6.306
6.055

54.392
52.788

R 62.324

R 64.376

a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also
includes a small amount of refuse recovery. See Table 6.1.
c Includes lease condensate.
d Natural gas plant liquids.
e Conventional hydroelectric power.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. Totals may not equal

R 79.212
R 6.899
R 6.234
R 6.771
R 6.612
R 6.931
R 6.726
R 7.123
R 7.095
R 6.778
R 6.903
R 6.861
R 7.008

R 81.942

7.375
57.175

sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the

50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Natural Gas (Dry): Tables 4.1 and
A4. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids: Tables 3.1 and A2.
Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6 ("Nuclear Plants" heat rate).
Renewable Energy: Table 10.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.3

Primary Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Source,a 19492013
45
Petroleum

30
Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Source,a Monthly
4

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Coal
1

Renewable Energy
Nuclear Electric Power

0
J

M A

J J
2012

O N D

M A

J J A
2013

63.778

O N D

M A

J J
2014

O N D

By Source,a August 2014

Total, JanuaryAugust
70

65.034

66.350
Petroleum

3.043

50
2.005

Natural Gas
40
Coal

1.688

30
20
10

Renewable
Energy

0.751

Nuclear
Electric Power

0.745

0
2012

2013

2014

Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.3.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya

Fossil Fuels

Coal

Natural
Gasb

Petroleumc

Totald

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Hydroelectric
Powere

Geothermal

Solar/
PV

12.347
11.167
9.838
11.581
12.265
12.663
15.423
17.478
19.173
20.089
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
22.749
22.387
19.691
20.834
19.658

5.968
8.998
12.385
15.769
21.795
19.948
20.235
17.703
19.603
22.671
23.824
22.773
23.510
22.831
22.923
22.565
22.239
23.663
23.843
23.416
24.575
24.955

13.315
17.255
19.919
23.246
29.521
32.732
34.205
30.925
33.552
34.438
38.262
38.186
38.224
38.811
40.292
40.388
39.955
39.774
37.280
35.403
36.010
35.368

31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.259
84.731
82.902
83.699
84.014
85.819
85.794
84.702
86.211
83.551
78.487
81.412
79.991

0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269

1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.793
2.688
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
2.539
3.103

NA
NA
(s)
.002
.006
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.164
.164
.171
.173
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
.208
.212

2012 January ................

R 1.491

R 2.817
R 2.556

R 17.378

2.891
2.757
2.874
2.794
2.947
2.904
2.947
3.044
2.780
2.956
2.837
2.847
34.577

R 7.201

R 1.338

.758
.669
.647
.585
.651
.683
.724
.729
.676
.626
.594
.719
8.062

.220
.193
.247
.250
.273
.254
.252
.219
.168
.157
.178
.219
2.629

2013 January ................

1.575
1.418
1.484
1.293
1.369
1.570
1.727
1.705
1.523
1.406
1.395
1.619
18.084

.748
.644
.660
.595
.659
.696
.739
.748
.690
.662
.681
.747
8.268

2014 January ................

1.741
1.597
1.522
1.249
1.354
1.558
R 1.694
1.688
12.403

R 3.321

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

12.141
11.509

R 1.233
R 1.112
R 1.329
R 1.498
R 1.790
R 1.718
R 1.456
R 1.403
R 1.472
R 1.539

2.174
1.995
R 1.914
R 1.908
R 2.114
R 2.052
R 1.845
1.941
R 2.215
R 2.559
R 26.089
R 2.951
R 2.630
R 2.583
R 2.013
R 1.794
R 1.782
R 1.969
R 1.974
R 1.809
R 1.913
R 2.374
R 2.989
R 26.780

2.953
2.644
2.918
2.837
2.973
2.881
3.053
3.032
2.946
3.037
2.961
2.960
35.194

R 6.651
R 6.283
R 5.907
R 6.191
R 6.310
R 6.851
R 6.813
R 6.079
R 6.297
R 6.521
R 6.944
R 78.048
R 7.478
R 6.692
R 6.982
R 6.141
R 6.136
R 6.231
R 6.747
R 6.709
R 6.277
R 6.354
R 6.727
R 7.566
R 80.041
R 8.029

2.005
18.470

2.968
2.697
2.920
2.876
2.940
2.887
3.040
3.043
23.372

6.734
54.233

.766
.656
.654
.591
.660
.714
.754
.745
5.540

17.696
17.529

23.291
23.158

53.116
52.207

5.489
5.447

R 2.842
R 2.647
R 2.021
R 1.871
R 1.812
R 1.950

R 7.135
R 7.088
R 6.146
R 6.164
R 6.256
R 6.682

a Most data are estimates.

See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.
c Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil
burned as fuel. Does not include biofuels that have been blended with
petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
d Includes coal coke net imports. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
e Conventional hydroelectric power.
f Includes coal coke net imports and electricity net imports, which are not
separately displayed. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

Wind

Biomass

Total

Totalf

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
.126
.171

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.057
.070
.105
.113
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
.923
1.168

1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.101
3.008
2.622
2.701
2.807
3.010
3.117
3.267
3.492
3.865
3.950
4.285
4.420

2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.948
6.081
6.242
6.649
6.541
7.202
7.638
8.081
9.074

34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.943
100.161
100.282
99.629
101.317
99.292
94.596
98.016
97.461

.017
.016
.018
.017
.018
.017
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.019
.212

.017
.016
.018
.018
.020
.020
.021
.020
.020
.020
.019
.019
.227

.130
.105
.133
.121
.119
.114
.084
.081
.084
.120
.111
.138
1.340

.367
.351
.370
.354
.373
.367
.369
.380
.355
.368
.358
.369
4.379

.751
.681
.785
.761
.803
.772
.744
.718
.643
.683
.684
.763
8.786

R 8.721

.239
.195
.197
.236
.272
.260
.259
.207
.161
.165
.169
.203
2.561

.019
.017
.019
.018
.018
.018
.019
.019
.018
.019
.018
.019
.221

.022
.021
.025
.025
.026
.027
.027
.028
.027
.028
.025
.026
.307

.139
.132
.149
.165
.155
.131
.106
.091
.111
.131
.151
.134
1.595

.374
.340
.382
.367
.386
.387
.401
.391
.381
.401
.391
.413
4.613

.793
.706
.771
.810
.857
.823
.812
.735
.699
.743
.754
.795
9.298

.206
.166
.231
.239
.252
.246
.231
.188
1.758

.019
.017
.018
.018
.019
.018
.018
.018
.145

.029
.027
.034
.036
.039
.040
.039
.040
.285

.171
.133
.169
.178
.148
.149
.115
.097
1.161

.388
.356
.387
.383
.399
.395
.409
.408
3.124

.812
.699
.840
.854
.856
.848
.812
.751
6.474

R 9.620

1.864
1.907

.147
.139

.201
.150

1.068
.887

3.027
2.930

6.307
6.014

65.034
63.778

R 8.499
R 8.593
R 7.601
R 7.693
R 7.832
R 8.264

8.248
66.350

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes:

See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4.
Petroleum: Table 3.6. Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6
("Nuclear Plants" heat rate). Renewable Energy: Table 10.1. Net Imports of
Coal Coke and Electricity: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.4a Primary Energy Imports and Exports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports by Source, 19492013
35
Petroleum

30
25
20
15
10

Natural Gas

Othera
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Exports by Source, 19492013

8
7
Petroleum

6
5
4
3
2

Coalb

Natural Gas

Electricity

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Imports by Source, Monthly

2.5

1980

1985

Petroleum

1.0

0.4

Natural Gas

2010

0.0

Coalb

0.2

Natural Gas

Othera

Electricity

0.0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2 013
2014

2005

Petroleum

0.8

0.6

2000

Exports by Major Source, Monthly

1.5

1995

1.0

2.0

0.5

1990

Coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.

Includes coal coke.

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2 013
2014

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.4b Primary Energy Net Imports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 19492013
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, 19492013

Crude Oila
20
15
10
5

Petroleum Productsb

Natural Gas

Coal
-5
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Total, Monthly

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, Monthly

2.0

2.0
Crude Oila

1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5

Petroleum
Productsb

Natural Gas

0.0

Coal

-0.5
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

a
Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.
b
Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

blending components. Does not include biofuels.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Coal

Coal
Coke

Natural
Gas

Crude
Oila

Petroleum
Productsb

Total

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

0.009
.008
.007
.005
.001
.024
.030
.049
.067
.237
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
.566
.484
.327

0.011
.003
.003
.002
.004
.045
.016
.014
.019
.095
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
.009
.030
.035

0.000
.011
.161
.471
.846
.978
1.006
.952
1.551
2.901
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
4.723
4.084
3.845
3.834
3.555

1.056
1.691
2.196
2.654
2.814
8.721
11.195
6.814
12.766
15.669
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
21.914
21.448
19.699
20.140
19.595

0.830
1.061
1.802
2.748
4.656
4.227
3.463
3.796
4.351
3.211
4.749
5.051
4.754
5.159
6.114
7.157
7.084
6.868
6.237
5.383
5.231
5.010

1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
12.948
14.658
10.609
17.117
18.881
24.531
25.398
24.674
26.219
28.197
29.248
29.169
28.781
27.685
25.082
25.371
24.605

2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................

.018
.012
.016
.014
.023
.017
.021
.015
.020
.020
.018
.017
.212

.003
.002
.004
.007
.004
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
.002
.028

.288
.277
.272
.249
.265
.266
.288
.288
.264
.260
.240
.258
3.216

1.630
1.531
1.676
1.597
1.718
1.700
1.665
1.656
1.550
1.549
1.513
1.453
19.239

.407
.308
.312
.325
.361
.365
.351
.372
.339
.324
.323
.343
4.132

2013 January ..................

.015
.009
.009
.016
.020
.028
.020
.017
.019
.017
.020
.018
.208

(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.003

.285
.243
.254
.226
.240
.243
.242
.242
.250
.226
.224
.280
2.955

1.482
1.227
1.397
1.399
1.442
1.394
1.501
1.509
1.429
1.393
1.336
1.448
16.957

2014 January ..................

.025
.014
.019
.022
.030
.031
.022
.026
.188

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001

.303
.252
.240
.206
.212
.207
.206
.212
1.837

2013 8-Month Total .......

2012 8-Month Total .......

.135
.137

.003
.022

1.975
2.194

Electricity

Total

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
.012
.066
.055
.085
.027
.004
.019

0.007
.016
.018
.012
.021
.038
.085
.157
.063
.146
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
.150
.146
.175
.195
.178
.154
.178

1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.260
28.973
30.157
29.408
31.061
33.544
34.709
34.679
34.704
32.993
29.706
29.877
28.720

2.037
1.839
1.988
1.923
2.080
2.065
2.016
2.028
1.889
1.874
1.837
1.796
23.371

(s)
(s)
.002
.001
.002
.004
.004
.007
.007
.007
.007
.005
.045

.014
.012
.014
.017
.019
.018
.023
.022
.017
.015
.016
.015
.202

2.361
2.142
2.296
2.211
2.392
2.371
2.354
2.361
2.199
2.176
2.119
2.093
27.075

.358
.302
.337
.390
.407
.342
.370
.351
.335
.350
.310
.286
4.140

1.840
1.529
1.734
1.789
1.849
1.736
1.872
1.860
1.763
1.743
1.646
1.734
21.097

.003
.001
.006
.003
.004
.007
.007
.008
.008
.008
.010
.010
.075

.017
.016
.018
.016
.019
.020
.022
.022
.018
.017
.018
.017
.217

2.160
1.800
2.022
2.050
2.133
2.034
2.163
2.149
2.058
2.011
1.917
2.058
24.555

1.413
1.212
1.353
1.361
1.335
1.272
1.420
1.392
10.758

.282
.296
.331
.330
.368
.287
.307
.307
2.507

1.695
1.508
1.685
1.691
1.703
1.559
1.727
1.699
13.265

.001
.001
.002
.002
.005
.002
.003
.003
.019

.017
.014
.017
.015
.017
.017
.020
.021
.137

2.041
1.788
1.963
1.935
1.966
1.815
1.978
1.961
15.446

11.352
13.173

2.859
2.802

14.210
15.975

.040
.020

.148
.139

16.512
18.488

a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve, which began in 1977.
b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.
c Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.

Biofuelsc

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel

and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Coal Coke: U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report IM 145 and Table A5.
Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Tables
3.3b, 10.3, 10.4, and A2. Biofuels: Tables 10.3, 10.4 and A3. Electricity:
Tables 7.1 and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports
(Quadrillion Btu)
Net
Importsa

Exports
Petroleum
Coal

Coal
Coke

Natural
Gas

Crude
Oilb

Petroleum
Productsc

Total

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

0.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.761
2.421
2.438
2.772
2.318
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
2.101
2.751

0.010
.013
.009
.021
.061
.032
.051
.028
.014
.034
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
.032
.036
.024

0.027
.032
.012
.027
.072
.074
.049
.056
.087
.156
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
.830
.972
1.082
1.147
1.519

0.202
.067
.018
.006
.029
.012
.609
.432
.230
.200
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
.093
.088
.100

0.440
.707
.413
.386
.520
.427
.551
1.225
1.594
1.791
2.048
1.996
2.023
2.124
2.151
2.374
2.699
2.949
3.739
4.147
4.750
5.904

0.642
.774
.431
.392
.549
.439
1.160
1.657
1.824
1.991
2.154
2.039
2.042
2.151
2.208
2.442
2.751
3.007
3.800
4.240
4.838
6.004

2012 January ..................

.224
.208
.271
.308
.301
.313
.285
.260
.229
.231
.209
.247
3.087

.001
.002
.002
.001
.003
.001
.001
.001
.003
.004
.004
.002
.024

.132
.131
.142
.124
.134
.126
.119
.141
.139
.141
.144
.160
1.633

.014
.012
.013
.007
.015
.008
.014
.011
.012
.012
.013
.013
.143

.477
.467
.520
.535
.536
.526
.542
.519
.514
.547
.555
.613
6.350

2013 January ..................

.236
.212
.336
.240
.258
.226
.225
.248
.231
.242
.209
.232
2.895

.001
.001
.003
.002
(s)
.003
.002
.002
.001
.001
.003
.002
.021

.156
.134
.150
.127
.143
.135
.130
.131
.124
.124
.115
.118
1.587

.020
.021
.019
.024
.023
.022
.019
.013
.018
.021
.044
.040
.284

2014 January ..................

.210
.216
.257
.200
.190
.214
.177
.189
1.652

.001
.002
.001
.001
.002
.002
.002
.003
.013

.136
.140
.151
.123
.115
.121
.129
.116
1.031

2013 8-Month Total .......

2012 8-Month Total .......

1.980
2.170

.014
.012

1.106
1.050

Biofuelsd

Electricity

Total

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.005
.036
.089
.035
.047
.108

0.001
.002
.003
.013
.014
.017
.014
.017
.055
.012
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
.065
.083
.069
.083
.062
.065
.051

1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.511
4.006
3.771
3.669
4.054
4.434
4.560
4.873
5.483
7.063
6.966
8.234
10.457

0.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.750
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.806
29.220
25.931
22.740
21.643
18.263

.491
.479
.533
.542
.551
.534
.556
.530
.526
.559
.567
.625
6.493

.008
.007
.008
.007
.007
.007
.008
.006
.006
.006
.004
.005
.078

.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.041

.858
.830
.960
.987
.999
.985
.973
.940
.906
.944
.930
1.043
11.356

1.502
1.313
1.336
1.224
1.393
1.386
1.381
1.420
1.293
1.232
1.189
1.050
15.719

.468
.482
.508
.508
.567
.570
.637
.620
.578
.671
.606
.743
6.957

.488
.503
.527
.532
.590
.592
.655
.632
.596
.692
.650
.782
7.241

.005
.004
.005
.005
.006
.006
.005
.008
.007
.006
.010
.008
.076

.003
.003
.003
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.039

.888
.857
1.024
.910
1.002
.965
1.020
1.025
.962
1.069
.990
1.147
11.858

1.272
.943
.997
1.140
1.131
1.069
1.143
1.125
1.097
.941
.928
.912
12.697

.044
.039
.044
.047
.052
.069
.072
.070
.437

.637
.514
.609
.605
.650
.616
.690
.703
5.025

.681
.553
.653
.652
.702
.685
.763
.773
5.462

.008
.006
.008
.007
.005
.006
.007
.006
.054

.004
.004
.007
.005
.003
.004
.004
.003
.033

1.040
.921
1.076
.988
1.017
1.032
1.081
1.090
8.245

1.000
.866
.886
.947
.949
.783
.897
.871
7.201

.161
.094

4.360
4.121

4.520
4.215

.045
.057

.026
.029

7.691
7.533

8.820
10.955

a Net imports equal imports minus exports.

b Crude oil and lease condensate.
c Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending

components. Does not include biofuels.

d Through 2010, data are for biodiesel only. Beginning in 2011, data are for fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Coal Coke: U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report EM 545 and Table A5.
Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Tables
3.3b, 10.4, and A2. Biofuels: Tables 10.3, 10.4 and A3. Electricity: Tables
7.1 and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.5

Merchandise Trade Value

(Billion Dollarsa)

Imports and Exports, 19742013

Imports and Exports, Monthly

2,500

250

2,000

200

Total Imports

Total Imports
1,500

150

1,000

100

Total Exports

Total Exports
500

50
Energy
Exports

Energy Imports
Energy Exports

Energy Imports
0

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Trade Balance, 19742013

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

Trade Balance, Monthly

100

Energy

0
-100

-25
NonEnergy

Energy

-200
Non-Energy
-300

-50

-400
-500
-600

-75

Total

-700
-800
Total
-100

-900
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O ND
2012
2013
2014

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. S ee Nominal Dollars in Glossary.

http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.5.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value

(Million Dollarsa)
Petroleumb

Energyc

Exports

Imports

Balance

Exports

Imports

Balance

NonEnergy
Balance

792
907
2,833
4,707
6,901
6,321
10,192
8,868
8,569
10,209
13,130
19,155
28,171
33,293
61,695
44,509
64,753
b102,180

24,668
25,197
78,637
50,475
61,583
54,368
119,251
102,747
102,663
132,433
179,266
250,068
299,714
327,620
449,847
251,833
333,472
b431,866

-23,876
-24,289
-75,803
-45,768
-54,682
-48,047
-109,059
-93,879
-94,094
-122,224
-166,136
-230,913
-271,543
-294,327
-388,152
-207,324
-268,719
b-329,686

3,444
4,470
7,982
9,971
12,233
10,358
13,179
12,494
11,541
13,768
18,642
26,488
34,711
41,725
76,075
54,536
80,625
128,989

25,454
26,476
82,924
53,917
64,661
59,109
135,367
121,923
115,748
153,298
206,660
289,723
332,500
364,987
491,885
271,739
354,982
453,839

-22,010
-22,006
-74,942
-43,946
-52,428
-48,751
-122,188
-109,429
-104,207
-139,530
-188,018
-263,235
-297,789
-323,262
-415,810
-217,203
-274,357
-324,850

18,126
31,557
55,246
-73,765
-50,068
-110,050
-313,916
-302,470
-364,056
-392,820
-462,912
-504,242
-519,515
-485,501
-400,389
-286,379
-361,005
-400,597

99,437
108,856
225,566
218,815
393,592
584,742
781,918
729,100
693,103
724,771
818,775
905,978
1,036,635
1,148,199
1,287,442
1,056,043
1,278,495
1,482,508

103,321
99,305
245,262
336,526
496,088
743,543
1,218,022
1,140,999
1,161,366
1,257,121
1,469,704
1,673,455
1,853,938
1,956,962
2,103,641
1,559,625
1,913,857
2,207,954

-3,884
9,551
-19,696
-117,712
-102,496
-158,801
-436,104
-411,899
-468,263
-532,350
-650,930
-767,477
-817,304
-808,763
-816,199
-503,582
-635,362
-725,447

2012 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
November ......
December ......
Total ..............

8,363
8,370
9,570
9,659
9,222
8,874
8,798
8,866
9,485
9,759
9,932
11,052
111,949

36,539
30,763
37,642
37,735
37,467
34,680
33,509
34,484
32,275
33,940
31,185
28,290
408,509

-28,176
-22,393
-28,072
-28,076
-28,245
-25,806
-24,711
-25,618
-22,790
-24,181
-21,253
-17,238
-296,560

10,587
10,207
11,782
11,972
11,312
11,019
10,871
10,790
11,295
11,589
11,609
12,999
136,032

38,155
32,047
38,866
38,898
38,638
35,804
34,833
35,700
33,345
35,193
32,619
29,764
423,860

-27,568
-21,840
-27,084
-26,926
-27,326
-24,785
-23,962
-24,910
-22,050
-23,604
-21,010
-16,765
-287,828

-38,118
-26,377
-30,012
-35,126
-39,852
-34,427
-47,478
-41,465
-35,381
-41,537
-43,375
-29,621
-442,771

117,847
123,613
140,254
127,416
131,232
132,577
121,400
128,585
128,254
133,627
130,170
130,728
1,545,703

183,533
171,829
197,350
189,468
198,411
191,788
192,840
194,960
185,686
198,768
194,555
177,114
2,276,302

-65,686
-48,217
-57,096
-62,052
-67,178
-59,212
-71,440
-66,375
-57,431
-65,141
-64,385
-46,386
-730,599

2013 January ..........

8,786
9,028
8,909
8,593
9,684
9,845
10,874
10,796
10,468
11,518
11,403
13,466
123,368

32,448
26,828
29,265
31,204
32,590
29,678
33,328
32,053
30,747
31,590
26,227
27,195
363,152

-23,662
-17,800
-20,356
-22,611
-22,906
-19,833
-22,454
-21,257
-20,279
-20,072
-14,824
-13,729
-239,784

10,756
10,724
11,234
10,677
11,766
11,739
12,887
12,784
12,436
13,641
13,466
15,584
147,693

34,049
28,256
30,687
32,518
33,916
31,052
34,626
33,283
31,956
32,780
27,560
29,086
379,770

-23,293
-17,532
-19,453
-21,841
-22,150
-19,313
-21,739
-20,499
-19,520
-19,139
-14,094
-13,502
-232,077

-38,767
-29,290
-25,640
-39,255
-41,529
-30,822
-48,287
-40,007
-43,933
-43,777
-38,338
-37,007
-456,651

123,130
123,536
136,762
129,465
133,007
134,830
127,358
132,604
128,515
142,182
136,249
131,956
1,579,593

185,190
170,358
181,855
190,561
196,686
184,965
197,384
193,110
191,968
205,098
188,681
182,465
2,268,321

-62,060
-46,822
-45,093
-61,096
-63,679
-50,135
-70,026
-60,506
-63,453
-62,916
-52,432
-50,509
-688,728

2014 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
9-Month Total

11,565
8,967
10,411
10,371
11,444
11,042
12,144
12,389
10,096
98,428

29,460
25,663
29,001
30,513
29,206
27,667
30,427
27,569
26,812
256,319

-17,895
-16,696
-18,590
-20,142
-17,762
-16,625
-18,283
-15,180
-16,716
-157,889

13,806
11,303
13,229
13,131
13,900
13,218
14,319
14,467
12,256
119,629

31,377
27,879
30,959
32,119
30,872
29,278
31,895
28,859
28,113
271,350

-17,571
-16,576
-17,730
-18,988
-16,972
-16,060
-17,576
-14,392
-15,857
-151,722

-39,622
-29,361
-33,711
-47,712
-44,880
-42,986
-53,186
R -44,265
-53,407
-389,130

127,508
123,728
141,905
133,817
138,225
138,400
133,491
R 137,878
133,497
1,208,449

184,701
169,665
193,346
200,517
200,077
197,446
204,253
R 196,536
202,761
1,749,303

-57,193
-45,937
-51,441
-66,700
-61,852
-59,046
-70,762
R -58,657
-69,264
-540,854

2013 9-Month Total

2012 9-Month Total

86,981
81,207

278,141
315,094

-191,158
-233,887

105,002
99,835

290,343
326,286

-185,340
-226,451

-337,530
-328,236

1,169,206
1,151,179

1,692,077
1,705,865

-522,871
-554,686

1974 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b Through 2010, data are for crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied

propane and butane, and other mineral fuels. Beginning in 2011, data are for
petroleum products and preparations.
c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity.
R=Revised.
Notes: Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. See Note,
"Merchandise Trade Value," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of

Total Merchandise
Exports

Imports

Balance

components due to independent rounding. The U.S. import statistics reflect both
government and nongovernment imports of merchandise from foreign countries into
the U.S. customs territory, which comprises the 50 states, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1974.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.6

Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars

Costs, 19602013
30

Dollars per Million Btu

25
Residential Electricitya
20
15

Residential Heating Oilb

Motor Gasolinea

5
Residential Natural Gasa
0
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Residential Electricity,a Monthly

Costs, August 2014

18
16.03
Dollars per Kilowatthour

Dollars per Million Btu

15
11.97

12
9

7.11
6

2012

0
Motor
Gasolinea

Residential
Natural
Gasa

Motor Gasoline,a Monthly

1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25

2012

2013

2014

0.00

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

1.50
Dollars per Gallon

Residential Natural Gas,a Monthly

1.75

2
2012

2013

2014

0
J

Includes taxes.
b
Excludes taxes.
Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.

2014

0
Residential
Electricitya

2013

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Source: Table 1.6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars

Consumer Price Index,
All Urban Consumersa

Motor Gasolineb

Residential
Heating Oilc

Residential
Natural Gasb

Residential
Electricityb

Index
19821984=100

Dollars per
Gallon

Dollars per
Million Btu

Dollars per
Gallon

Dollars per
Million Btu

Dollars per
Thousand
Cubic Feet

Dollars per
Million Btu

Cents per
Kilowatthour

Dollars per
Million Btu

29.6
31.5
38.8
53.8
82.4
107.6
130.7
152.4
172.2
177.1
179.9
184.0
188.9
195.3
201.6
207.342
215.303
214.537
218.056
224.939

NA
NA
NA
NA
1.482
1.112
0.931
0.791
0.908
0.864
0.801
0.890
1.018
1.197
1.307
1.374
1.541
1.119
1.301
1.590

NA
NA
NA
NA
11.85
8.89
7.44
6.37
7.32
6.97
6.46
7.18
8.20
9.64
10.52
11.06
12.40
9.01
10.47
12.80

NA
NA
NA
NA
1.182
0.979
0.813
0.569
0.761
0.706
0.628
0.736
0.819
1.051
1.173
1.250
1.495
1.112
1.283
NA

NA
NA
NA
NA
8.52
7.06
5.86
4.10
5.49
5.09
4.52
5.31
5.91
7.58
8.46
9.01
10.78
8.02
9.25
NA

NA
NA
2.81
3.18
4.47
5.69
4.44
3.98
4.51
5.44
4.39
5.23
5.69
6.50
6.81
6.31
6.45
5.66
5.22
4.90

NA
NA
2.72
3.12
4.36
5.52
4.31
3.87
4.39
5.28
4.28
5.09
5.55
6.33
6.63
6.14
6.28
5.52
5.11
4.80

8.8
7.6
5.7
6.5
6.6
6.87
5.99
5.51
4.79
4.84
4.69
4.74
4.74
4.84
5.16
5.14
5.23
5.37
5.29
5.21

25.74
22.33
16.62
19.07
19.21
20.13
17.56
16.15
14.02
14.20
13.75
13.89
13.89
14.18
15.12
15.05
15.33
15.72
15.51
15.27

2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................

226.665
227.663
229.392
230.085
229.815
229.478
229.104
230.379
231.407
231.317
230.221
229.601
229.594

1.521
1.591
1.708
1.728
1.670
1.570
1.529
1.632
1.689
1.660
1.539
1.475
1.609

12.24
12.80
13.75
13.91
13.44
12.63
12.30
13.13
13.59
13.36
12.38
11.87
12.95

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

R 4.24
R 4.16
R 4.54
R 4.76
R 5.49
R 6.18
R 6.60
R 6.87
R 6.36
R 5.05
R 4.34
R 4.27
R 4.64

R 4.14
R 4.06
R 4.43
R 4.64
R 5.35
R 6.03
R 6.44
R 6.70
R 6.21
R 4.93
R 4.23
R 4.16
R 4.53

5.03
5.06
5.10
5.18
5.18
5.27
5.24
5.28
5.32
5.20
5.10
5.06
5.17

14.75
14.82
14.95
15.18
15.18
15.44
15.35
15.48
15.58
15.24
14.96
14.83
15.17

2013 January ....................

230.280
232.166
232.773
232.531
232.945
233.504
233.596
233.877
234.149
233.546
233.069
233.049
232.957

1.480
1.614
1.629
1.568
1.581
1.582
1.578
1.564
1.544
1.470
1.420
1.430
1.538

11.90
12.99
13.11
12.62
12.72
12.73
12.70
12.58
12.43
11.83
11.43
11.51
12.38

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

R 3.97

R 3.87
R 3.87

4.98
5.01
4.98
5.13
5.33
5.37
5.40
5.35
5.33
5.27
5.19
5.03
5.20

14.60
14.68
14.61
15.04
15.63
15.74
15.82
15.68
15.63
15.45
15.20
14.74
15.25

2014 January ....................

233.916
234.781
236.293
237.072
237.900
238.343
238.250
237.852
238.031
237.433

1.444
1.458
1.519
1.568
1.574
1.573
1.549
1.488
1.455
1.365

11.62
11.73
12.22
12.62
12.67
12.66
12.46
11.97
11.71
10.98

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

4.98
5.06
5.19
5.19
5.40
5.44
5.48
R 5.47
NA
NA

14.60
14.83
15.21
15.22
15.82
15.95
16.05
R 16.03
NA
NA

1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

a Data are U.S. city averages for all items, and are not seasonally adjusted.
b Includes taxes.
c Excludes taxes.

R=Revised. NA=Not available.

Notes: See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. Fuel costs are calculated by using
the Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) developed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.

3.98
R 4.02
R 4.49

5.41
R 6.43

6.98
7.03
6.70
R 5.30
R 4.31
3.93
4.43
3.96
4.16
R 4.54

5.00
5.76
R 6.75
R 7.22
R 7.31

NA
NA

3.91
R 4.36
R 5.27
R 6.26
R 6.79
R 6.83
R 6.52
R 5.16
R 4.19
R 3.82
R 4.31
3.86
R 4.05
R 4.41
R 4.86

5.61
R 6.56
R 7.02
R 7.11

NA
NA

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel

and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
beginning in 1995.
Sources: Fuel Prices: Tables 9.4 (All Grades), 9.8, and 9.10, adjusted by the
CPI; and Monthy Energy Review, September 2012, Table 9.8c. Consumer Price
Index, All Urban Consumers: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, series ID CUUR0000SA0. Conversion Factors: Tables A1, A3, A4,
and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 19492013
(Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollar)
20

Total

10
Petroleum and Natural Gas
5
Other Energya
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.7.

Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product
Energy Consumption
Petroleum and
Natural Gas

Other
Energya

Total

Billion Chained
(2009) Dollars

Quadrillion Btu
1950 ............................
1955 ............................
1960 ............................
1965 ............................
1970 ............................
1975 ............................
1980 ............................
1985 ............................
1990 ............................
1995 ............................
2000 ............................
2001 ............................
2002 ............................
2003 ............................
2004 ............................
2005 ............................
2006 ............................
2007 ............................
2008 ............................
2009 ............................
2010 ............................
2011 ............................
2012 ............................
2013 ............................

19.284
26.253
32.305
39.014
51.315
52.680
54.440
48.628
53.155
57.110
62.086
60.958
61.734
61.642
63.215
62.953
62.194
63.437
61.123
58.819
60.584
60.322
R 60.666
R 61.974

15.332
13.955
12.782
15.001
16.523
19.284
23.627
27.764
31.330
33.920
36.729
35.210
35.911
36.301
36.946
37.328
37.435
37.881
38.169
35.777
37.432
37.139
R 34.392
35.811

34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.943
100.161
100.282
99.629
101.317
99.292
94.596
98.016
97.461
R 95.058
R 97.785

a Coal, coal coke net imports, nuclear electric power, renewable energy, and
electricity net imports.
R=Revised.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Consumption" and "Real Dollars" in Glossary.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Gross
Domestic
Product
(GDP)

2,184.0
2,739.0
3,108.7
3,976.7
4,722.0
5,385.4
6,450.4
7,593.8
8,955.0
10,174.8
12,559.7
12,682.2
12,908.8
13,271.1
13,773.5
14,234.2
14,613.8
14,873.7
14,830.4
14,418.7
14,783.8
15,020.6
15,369.2
15,710.3

Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP

Petroleum and
Natural Gas

Other
Energya

Total

Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollar

8.83
9.58
10.39
9.81
10.87
9.78
8.44
6.40
5.94
5.61
4.94
4.81
4.78
4.64
4.59
4.42
4.26
4.27
4.12
4.08
4.10
4.02
3.95
3.94

7.02
5.09
4.11
3.77
3.50
3.58
3.66
3.66
3.50
3.33
2.92
2.78
2.78
2.74
2.68
2.62
2.56
2.55
2.57
2.48
2.53
2.47
R 2.24
2.28

15.85
14.68
14.50
13.58
14.37
13.36
12.10
10.06
9.43
8.95
7.87
7.58
7.56
7.38
7.27
7.05
6.82
6.81
6.70
6.56
6.63
6.49
6.18
R 6.22

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel

and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Gross Domestic Product:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and
Product Accounts (October 30, 2014), Table 1.1.6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 1.8

Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy, 19492012

(Miles per Gallon)

25
Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbasea
20

Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbaseb

Heavy-Duty Trucksc

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Source: Table 1.8.

Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
Light-Duty Vehicles,
Short Wheelbasea

Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
1950 ..........
1955 ..........
1960 ..........
1965 ..........
1970 ..........
1975 ..........
1980 ..........
1985 ..........
1990 ..........
1995 ..........
2000 ..........
2001 ..........
2002 ..........
2003 ..........
2004 ..........
2005 ..........
2006 ..........
2007 ..........
2008 ..........
2009 ..........
2010 ..........
2011 ..........
2012P .......

9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
9,309
8,813
9,419
10,504
11,203
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
a 10,710
10,290
10,391
10,650
11,150
11,265

Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
603
645
668
661
737
665
551
538
520
530
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
a 468
435
442
456
481
483

Miles per
Gallon
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
14.0
16.0
17.5
20.2
21.1
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
a 22.9
23.7
23.5
23.3
23.2
23.3

Light-Duty Vehicles,
Long Wheelbaseb

Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
8,676
9,829
10,437
10,506
11,902
12,018
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
b 14,970
15,256
15,252
15,474
12,007
11,882

Heavy-Duty Trucksc

Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
866
934
854
735
738
694
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
b 877
880
882
901
702
694

Miles per
Gallon
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
10.0
10.5
12.2
14.3
16.1
17.3
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
b 17.1
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.1

a Through 1989, data are for passenger cars and motorcycles. For 19902006,
data are for passenger cars only. Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty
vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a
wheelbase less than or equal to 121 inches.
b For 19662006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks,
vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a wheelbase greater than 121 inches.
c For 19491965, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires,
combination trucks, and other vehicles with 2 axles and 4 tires that are not
passenger cars. For 19652006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6
or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit
trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires (or a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding
10,000 pounds), and combination trucks.

Mileage

All Motor Vehiclesd

Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy

Mileage

Miles per
Vehicle

Gallons
per Vehicle

Miles per
Gallon

Miles per
Vehicle

10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
15,167
18,736
20,597
23,603
26,514
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
c 28,290
28,573
26,274
26,604
26,054
25,172

1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,722
3,447
3,570
3,953
4,315
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
c 4,398
4,387
4,037
4,180
4,128
3,960

8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.4

9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
9,627
9,458
10,020
11,107
11,793
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
11,915
11,631
11,631
11,866
11,652
11,705

Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle

Miles per
Gallon

725
761
784
787
830
790
712
685
677
700
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
693
667
661
681
665
664

12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.2
13.3
14.6
16.4
16.8
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.4
17.5
17.6

d Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.

e Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."

P=Preliminary.
Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase: 19901994U.S.
Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National
Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13.

All Other Data:

19491994Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics
Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. 1995 forwardFHWA, Highway Statistics,
annual reports, Table VM-1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

Cumulative
July through October

October
Percent Change
Normala

Census Divisions

2013

2014

Normal
to 2014

2013
to 2014

Percent Change
Normala

2013

2014

Normal
to 2014

2013
to 2014

New England
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont .............

467

405

361

-23

-11

657

604

549

-16

-9

Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania ............................

399

306

300

-25

-2

526

446

406

-23

-9

East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin .................................

424

399

414

-2

580

578

626

West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota ............................

424

455

399

-6

-12

607

578

583

-4

South Atlantic
Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland and
the District of Columbia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia,
West Virginia ............................

164

141

121

-26

-14

189

174

140

-26

-20

East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Tennessee ............

213

189

176

-17

-7

246

213

207

-16

-3

West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas .....................

Mountain
Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming .........................

360

373

230

-36

-38

543

448

306

-44

-32

Pacificb
California, Oregon,
Washington ...............................

186

172

-56

-53

294

207

109

-63

-47

U.S. Averageb ................................

282

257

221

-22

-14

383

343

308

-20

-10

a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

NM=Not meaningful (because "Normal" is less than 100 or ratio is

incalculable).
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Heating
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature
falls below 65 F. Cooling degree-days are the number of degrees that the
daily average temperature rises above 65 F. The daily average temperature
is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period.
For example, a weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40
F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling
degree-days). If a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78 F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree
days).
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary

for current data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary

for historical data.
Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published
here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,
Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries
and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major
weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded
at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages
based on population. The state figures are then aggregated into Census
Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently
used represent resident state population data estimated for the 2000 Census
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data
provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-1
(heating degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

Cumulative
January through October

October
Percent Change
Normala

Census Divisions

2013

2014

Normal
to 2014

2013
to 2014

Percent Change
Normala

2013

2014

Normal
to 2014

2013
to 2014

New England
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont .............

417

616

442

-28

Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania ............................

656

806

637

-3

-21

East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin .................................

709

749

640

-10

-15

West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota ............................

927

974

876

-6

-10

South Atlantic
Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland and
the District of Columbia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia,
West Virginia ............................

120

139

124

-11

1,876

1,967

2,001

East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Tennessee ............

1,538

1,578

1,596

West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas .....................

134

170

195

2,408

2,611

2,496

-4

Mountain
Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming .........................

1,239

1,492

1,385

-7

California, Oregon,
Washington ...............................

699

878

1,019

U.S. Averageb ................................

1,194

1,320

1,272

-4

Pacificb

a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

NM=Not meaningful (because "Normal" is less than 100 or ratio is

incalculable).
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Cooling
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature
rises above 65 F. Heating degree-days are the number of degrees that the
daily average temperature falls below 65 F. The daily average temperature
is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period.
For example, if a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78 F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating
degree-days). A weather station recording an average daily temperature of
40 F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling degreedays).
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary

for current data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary

for historical data.
Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published
here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,
Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries
and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major
weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded
at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages
based on population. The state figures are then aggregated into Census
Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently
used represent resident state population data estimated for the 2000 Census
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data
provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-2
(cooling degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Energy Overview
Note. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented
are based on the customs values. Those values do not
include insurance and freight and are consequently lower
than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are
also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data,
and imports data through 1980, are on a free alongside ship
(f.a.s.) basis.
Balance is exports minus imports; a positive balance
indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance
indicates a deficit trade value. Energy includes mineral
fuels, lubricants, and related material. Non-Energy Balance
and Total Merchandise include foreign exports (i.e.,
re-exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of
Defense Grant-Aid shipments. The Non-Energy Balance
is calculated by subtracting the Energy from the Total
Merchandise Balance.
Imports consist of government and nongovernment
shipments of merchandise into the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. They reflect the total arrival
from foreign countries of merchandise that immediately
entered consumption channels, warehouses, the Foreign
Trade Zones, or the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. They
exclude shipments between the United States, Puerto Rico,
and U.S. possessions, shipments to U.S. Armed Forces and
diplomatic missions abroad for their own use, U.S. goods
returned to the United States by its Armed Forces, and
in-transit shipments.

Table 1.5 Sources

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Foreign Trade Division:
Petroleum Exports
19741987: U.S. Exports, FT-410, December issues.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
19901992: U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final Report.
19932009: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revisions.
2010: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, 2012
Annual Revisions.
20112013: U.S. International Trade in Goods and
Services, 2013 Annual Revisions.
2014: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
FT-900, monthly.

Petroleum Imports
19741987: U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT-900, December
issues, 19751988.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
19901993: U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final Report.
19942009: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revisions.
2010: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, 2012
Annual Revisions.
20112013: U.S. International Trade in Goods and
Services, 2013 Annual Revisions.
2014: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
FT-900, monthly.
Energy Exports and Imports
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and
database printouts for adjustments.
1988: JanuaryJuly, monthly FT-900 supplement, 1989 issues.
AugustDecember, monthly FT-900, 1989 issues.
1989: Monthly FT-900, 1990 issues.
19901992: U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final Report.
19932009: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revisions.
2010: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, 2012
Annual Revisions.
20112013: U.S. International Trade in Goods and
Services, 2013 Annual Revisions.
2014: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
FT-900, monthly.
Petroleum, Energy, and Non-Energy Balances
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Total Merchandise
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and database
printouts for adjustments.
1988: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1988 Final
Revisions, August 18, 1989.
1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1989
Revisions, July 10, 1990.
1990: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final Report, May
10, 1991, and U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,
February 18, 1993, page 3.
1991: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report, May
12, 1993.
19922009: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revisions.
2010: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, 2012
Annual Revisions.
20112013: U.S. International Trade in Goods and
Services, 2013 Annual Revisions.
2014: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
FT-900, monthly.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

2. Energy Consumption
by Sector

Figure 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 19492013
40
Industrial
30
Transportation

Residential

20
Commercial
10

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

Transportation

Industrial

Residential
Commercial

0
J

M A

J J
2012

O N D

M A

J J
2013

S O N D

M A

J J
2014

O N D

By Sector, August 2014

4
Primary Consumption

3.613

Total Consumption

3
2.681
2.409

2.415

1.792

1.645

1.503

1
0.241

0.189

0
Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Transportation

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.

Source: Table 2.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Electric
Power

Table 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Residential

Commerciala

Industrialb

Transportation

Electric
Power
Sectorc,d
Balancing
Itemg

Primary
Totalh

Primarye

Totalf

Primarye

Totalf

Primarye

Totalf

Primarye

Totalf

Primarye

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
7,159
6,868
6,912
7,238
6,993
6,909
6,168
6,608
6,916
6,666
6,594
6,500

5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,519
20,425
20,042
20,791
21,125
21,092
21,626
20,688
21,542
21,695
21,111
21,853
21,411

2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,101
4,278
4,084
4,132
4,298
4,232
4,051
3,747
3,922
4,098
4,052
4,016
4,055

3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
17,175
17,137
17,345
17,346
17,659
17,857
17,710
18,256
18,405
17,890
18,056
17,973

13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,719
22,824
21,794
21,799
21,536
22,412
21,411
21,536
21,379
20,553
18,776
20,296
20,444

16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,971
34,664
32,720
32,662
32,555
33,519
32,446
32,401
32,404
31,362
28,488
30,543
30,833

8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,791
26,489
26,213
26,781
26,845
27,817
28,272
28,751
29,029
27,747
27,025
27,477
27,155

8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,846
26,548
26,275
26,842
26,919
27,895
28,353
28,830
29,116
27,829
27,108
27,558
27,236

4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
24,269
26,032
d 30,495
33,479
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,028
38,712
39,638
39,428
40,380
39,978
38,076
39,627
39,301

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
-1
-4
-9
3
2
-6
5
-1
-6
(s)
(s)
-1
1
(s)
7
8

34,616
40,208
45,086
54,015
67,838
71,965
78,067
76,392
84,485
91,029
98,814
96,168
97,645
97,943
100,161
100,282
99,629
101,317
99,292
94,596
98,016
97,461

2012 January ..................

974
820
548
402
288
243
229
236
238
365
619
822
R 5,784

2,273
1,913
1,560
1,297
1,360
1,531
1,862
1,749
1,419
1,343
1,630
2,041
19,971

544
470
335
268
208
189
182
198
198
271
375
467
R 3,704

1,630
1,483
1,379
1,293
1,386
1,426
1,540
1,509
1,356
1,389
1,433
1,578
17,403

R 1,847
R 1,734
R 1,727
R 1,649
R 1,698
R 1,659
R 1,678
R 1,733
R 1,645
R 1,781
R 1,772
R 1,817

R 2,664
R 2,527
R 2,555
R 2,472
R 2,598
R 2,536
R 2,600
R 2,634
R 2,460
R 2,621
R 2,592
R 2,653

2,147

R 2,154

R 2,084
R 2,232

R 8,721
R 8,011
R 7,725
R 7,266
R 7,659
R 7,779
R 8,338
R 8,279
R 7,412
R 7,618
R 7,812
R 8,437

R 20,741

R 30,915

3,209
2,905
2,888
2,749
3,156
3,408
3,919
3,731
3,160
2,941
2,896
3,173
38,136

R (s)
R -3
R -6
R -6

2,322
R 2,376
R 2,169
2,259
R 2,151
R 2,159
R 26,690

2,090
R 2,238
2,209
R 2,318
2,283
2,329
2,382
R 2,175
2,265
R 2,157
R 2,165
R 26,766

2013 January ..................

R 1,091
R 947
R 855

R 2,455
R 2,087
R 2,017

R 1,878
R 1,683
R 1,759
R 1,674
R 1,739
R 1,675

R 2,181
R 1,984
R 2,271
R 2,223
R 2,328
R 2,279
R 2,396
R 2,398
R 2,254
R 2,348
R 2,261
R 2,271

R 2,188
R 1,990
R 2,278
R 2,230
R 2,334
R 2,286
R 2,402
R 2,405
R 2,260
R 2,354
R 2,267
R 2,278

R 3,298
R 2,916
R 3,058

R -1

2014 January ..................

R 1,235
R 1,032
R 876

2013 8-Month Total .......

2012 8-Month Total .......

2,203
2,311
R 2,277

527

1,503

R 333
R 252

R 1,342

1,504

185

1,436

243
244
R 255
R 363
R 676
R 1,033
R 6,818

R 1,748

R 186

R 1,526

1,756

1,674
R 1,468
R 1,367
R 1,714
R 2,398
R 21,274

192
199
262
R 412
R 553
R 4,133

1,515
1,390
1,404
1,510
R 1,711
R 18,043

R 1,734
R 1,757
R 1,830
R 1,865
R 1,924

R 2,689
R 2,435
R 2,571
R 2,469
R 2,611
R 2,540
R 2,635
R 2,614
R 2,562
R 2,649
R 2,688
R 2,734

R 21,276

R 31,197

R 27,194

R 27,272

R 1,981
R 1,770
R 1,831
R 1,769
R 1,747
R 1,706
R 1,787

R 2,797
R 2,498
R 2,643
R 2,562
R 2,617
R 2,577
R 2,667

R 2,174
R 2,043
R 2,267
R 2,265
R 2,332
R 2,294
R 2,407

R 2,181
R 2,050
R 2,274
R 2,271
R 2,339
R 2,301
R 2,414

1,792
14,383

2,681
21,043

2,409
18,191

13,899
13,726

20,564
20,585

18,060
17,953

586

1,702

R 527
R 485
R 321
R 226

R 1,544

1,564
R 1,359
R 1,383

R 246

R 2,775
R 2,331
R 2,064
R 1,426
R 1,347
R 1,502
R 1,671

241
4,708

1,645
14,761

193
188
189
2,837

1,612
R 1,345
1,392
1,450
1,507
1,503
12,288

4,492
3,740

14,329
13,545

2,708
2,394

12,028
11,645

484
R 336

257

661

1,862

R 574
R 500

R 1,617

300
R 231

a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public.
d Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
f Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy
consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note
1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section.
g A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use

2,815
3,044
R 3,374

3,731
3,639
3,215
2,972
2,964
3,340
R 38,366

-2
3
R8
R5
R3

(s)
(s)
(s)
2
-1
R -2
R -4
-3
2
5
R4
R1
-2
-2
R1
R -1
R4
R2
R (s)

2,415
18,246

3,564
3,078
3,119
2,786
3,050
R 3,379
3,631
3,613
26,219

18,113
18,003

25,874
25,966

2
(s)

-3
-2
2
R5
4
12

R 95,058
R 9,033
R 8,056
R 8,427
R 7,557
R 7,667
R 7,767
R 8,316
R 8,211
R 7,681
R 7,772
R 8,176
R 9,121
R 97,785
R 9,620
R 8,499
R 8,593
R 7,601
R 7,693
R 7,832
R 8,264

8,248
66,350
65,034
63,778

sectors equals the sum of total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However,
total energy consumption does not equal the sum of the sectoral components due
to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for coal and natural gas.
h Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for the electric power sector. See Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.22.6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 2.2

Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 19492013

6
Natural Gas
5
4

Electricitya

3
2

Petroleum

Renewable Energy
Coal

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, Monthly

1.2

Natural Gas

0.9

Renewable
Energy

0.6
Electricitya
0.3
Petroleum
0.0
J

F M A M

J J
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

J J
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J
2014

S O N D

By Major Source, August 2014

16
14.329

14.761
0.461

Electricitya

13.545
12

Natural Gas

0.108

8
Renewable
Energy

0.074

4
Petroleum

0.059

0
2012

2013

2014

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

a
Electricity retail sales.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.
Source: Table 2.2.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

0.4

0.5

0.6

Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb

Fossil Fuels
Coal

Natural
Gasc

Petroleum

Total

1,261
867
585
352
209
63
31
39
31
17
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
NA
NA
NA
NA

1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,023
4,825
4,534
4,491
4,954
5,105
4,889
4,995
5,209
4,981
4,946
4,476
4,835
5,010
4,883
4,878
4,805

1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,374
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,547
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,330
1,161
1,125
1,052

2012 January ................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

R 813

107
92
81
64
66
64
64
74
64
65
73
82
896

2013 January ................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

2014 January ................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

R 1,066
R 874

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

NA
NA

677
412
285
167
126
110
108
121
245
493
R 686
4,242
R 899
R 772
R 682

Total

Total
Primary

Electricity
Retail
Salesd

Electrical
System
Energy
Lossese

Total

1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
580
520
420
370
380
400
410
430
380
420
470
500
440
450

1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
641
591
489
438
448
470
481
504
462
512
577
622
591
643

4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
7,159
6,868
6,912
7,238
6,993
6,909
6,168
6,608
6,916
6,666
6,594
6,500

246
438
687
993
1,591
2,007
2,448
2,709
3,153
3,557
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
4,708
4,656
4,933
4,855

913
1,232
1,701
2,367
3,852
4,817
5,866
6,184
7,235
8,026
9,197
9,074
9,562
9,534
9,691
10,079
9,909
10,183
10,070
9,789
10,326
10,057

5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,519
20,425
20,042
20,791
21,125
21,092
21,626
20,688
21,542
21,695
21,111
21,853
21,411

16
15
16
15
16
15
16
16
15
16
15
16
186

36
33
36
34
36
34
36
36
34
36
34
36
420

55
51
55
53
55
53
55
55
53
55
53
55
646

974
820
548
402
288
243
229
236
238
365
619
822
R 5,784

430
368
339
301
344
419
527
505
405
330
331
390
4,690

870
725
672
594
728
869
1,106
1,008
775
648
680
829
9,498

2,273
1,913
1,560
1,297
1,360
1,531
1,862
1,749
1,419
1,343
1,630
2,041
19,971

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40

19
17
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
219

49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580

71
64
71
69
71
69
71
71
69
71
69
71
839

R 1,091
R 947
R 855

448
385
381
325
324
402
489
470
413
337
334
438
4,746

916
755
780
R 651
685
850
1,016
960
800
668
704
927
9,710

R 2,455
R 2,087
R 2,017

21
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
168

49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
386

74
67
74
72
74
72
74
74
580

R 1,235
R 1,032
R 876

1,040
854
798
627
685
843
960
943
6,751

R 2,775
R 2,331
R 2,064
R 1,426
R 1,347
R 1,502
R 1,671

241
4,708

500
445
390
315
326
401
465
461
3,302

146
124

386
280

558
431

4,492
3,740

3,225
3,233

6,612
6,572

14,329
13,545

Geothermal

Solar/
PV

Biomass

3,824
4,833
6,024
6,811
7,922
7,564
6,589
6,138
5,916
6,345
6,670
6,430
6,464
6,768
6,513
6,406
5,706
6,097
6,340
6,044
6,003
5,857

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
114
153

R 920

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40

769

R 494

349
233
190
174
181
185
311
566
767
R 5,138

121
111
103
81
63
52
57
62
65
63
74
88
939

R 1,020
R 883
R 784

128
R 116
108
3,569

95
91
85
55
61
57
56
59
559

R 1,161
R 965
R 802
R 413
R 262
R 186
R 172

167
4,128

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
26

3,285
2,698

649
612

3,934
3,310

26
26

377

R 199
R 131
R 115

111

R 121
R 229
R 533
R 873

R 5,040

717

R 358
R 201

458
261

R 183
R 171
R 172
R 186
R 292
R 607
R 961

R 5,979

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
e Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

527

R 333
R 252

243
244

R 255
R 363
R 676

R 1,033
R 6,818

484

R 336

257

R 246

1,503

R 1,342

1,504
R 1,748
1,674
R 1,468
R 1,367
R 1,714
R 2,398
R 21,274

1,645
14,761

section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for electricity retail sales. See Note 2,
"Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 2.3

Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 19492013

5
Electricitya
4
Natural Gas
3

Petroleum
Coal

Renewable Energy

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, Monthly

0.8

0.6
Electricitya
0.4

Renewable
Energy

0.2

Natural Gas
Petroleum

0.0
J

F M A M

J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

J J
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J
2014

S O N D

By Major Source, August 2014

15
0.432

Electricitya
12

11.645

12.028

12.288
Natural Gas

0.139

9
Petroleum

0.035

6
Renewable
Energy

0.012

3
Coal

0.003

0
2012

2013

2014

0.0

0.1

0.2

Electricity retail sales.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.
Source: Table 2.3.
.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

0.3

0.4

0.5

Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb

Fossil Fuels

HydroGeoSolar/
electric
PV
Powere thermal

Coal

Natural
Gasc

Petroleumd

Total

1,542
801
407
265
165
147
115
137
124
117
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
81
73
70
62

401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,558
2,651
2,488
2,682
3,096
3,252
3,097
3,212
3,261
3,201
3,073
2,902
3,085
3,228
3,187
3,165
3,216

872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
807
790
726
842
809
761
663
649
664
663
651
641

2,815
2,547
2,711
3,168
4,229
4,051
4,084
3,708
3,798
3,982
4,150
3,984
4,028
4,185
4,113
3,932
3,629
3,805
3,973
3,923
3,886
3,919

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20

2012 January ................

5
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
44

456
396
267
214
152
134
127
136
145
217
315
400
2,960

71
59
53
41
42
41
41
48
40
39
45
51
571

533
459
325
257
197
178
171
187
187
260
364
455
3,574

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2013 January ................

5
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
4
4
41

489
438

80
74
67
52
39
31
33
38
40
35
45
53
586

574

2014 January ................

5
5
5
3
3
2
3
3
30

428
252
177
R 144
140
139
2,365

58
59
54
33
39
36
33
35
346

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

28
29

2,172
1,883

413
395

R 401
R 254

172
139
R 138

140
145
211
352
R 484
R 3,363
586
R 500

Total
Primary

Electricity
Retail
Salesf

Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesg

Total

Wind

Biomass

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)
(s)
(s)
1

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)
(s)
(s)

19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
94
113
119
92
95
101
105
105
103
103
109
112
111
115

19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
98
118
128
101
104
113
118
120
118
118
125
129
130
136

2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,101
4,278
4,084
4,132
4,298
4,232
4,051
3,747
3,922
4,098
4,052
4,016
4,055

225
350
543
789
1,201
1,598
1,906
2,351
2,860
3,252
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
4,558
4,460
4,539
4,531

834
984
1,344
1,880
2,908
3,835
4,567
5,368
6,564
7,338
8,942
8,990
9,104
8,958
9,229
9,455
9,529
9,774
9,749
9,378
9,501
9,388

3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
17,175
17,137
17,345
17,346
17,659
17,857
17,710
18,256
18,405
17,890
18,056
17,973

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
109

11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
131

544
470
335
268
208
189
182
198
198
271
375
467
R 3,704

359
341
350
345
378
403
439
437
398
377
347
355
4,528

727
672
694
681
799
834
919
873
760
741
711
756
9,170

1,630
1,483
1,379
1,293
1,386
1,426
1,540
1,509
1,356
1,389
1,433
1,578
17,403

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
119

12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
143

586

366
344
354
346
372
401
436
435
406
383
353
371
4,567

749
674
724
692
785
R 849
905
888
786
759
745
786
R 9,343

177
2,741

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
13

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
79

12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
96

193
188
189
2,837

390
357
365
349
374
405
430
432
3,102

811
685
747
696
787
R 852
889
882
6,349

2,613
2,307

(s)
(s)

13
13

2
1

(s)
(s)

79
72

95
87

2,708
2,394

3,054
3,051

6,266
6,199

R 516

473
R 310
R 214
173
R 174
180
187
R 249
401
R 541
R 3,990
649
564
R 488

288
R 219

181
R 176

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels
are included in "Biomass."
e Conventional hydroelectric power.
f Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
g Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.

Total

R 527
R 485
R 321
R 226

185
R 186

192
199
262
R 412
R 553
R 4,133
661
R 574
R 500

300
R 231

1,702
R 1,544

1,564
R 1,359
R 1,383
1,436
R 1,526
1,515
1,390
1,404
1,510
R 1,711
R 18,043
1,862
R 1,617

1,612
R 1,345
1,392
1,450
1,507
1,503
12,288
12,028
11,645

R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals beginning in 2008;
hydroelectric power; solar/PV; wind; and electricity retail sales beginning in 1979.
The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 2, "Energy
Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 2.4

Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 19492013

12
Petroleum
9
Natural Gas
6
Electricitya
3

Coal
Renewable Energy

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, Monthly

1.0
Natural Gas

0.8

0.6

Petroleum
Renewable Energy

0.4

Electricitya
0.2
Coal
0.0
J

F M A M

J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

J J A
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J A
2014

S O N D

By Major Source, August 2014

24
20.585

20.564

21.043

Natural
Gas

0.773

Petroleum

0.700

16
12

Electricitya

Renewable
Energy

0.292

0.195

4
Coal

0.127

0
2012

2013

2014

0.0

0.2

0.4

a
Electricity retail sales.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.
Source: Table 2.4.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

0.6

0.8

1.0

Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb

Fossil Fuels

Coal

Natural
Gasc

Petroleumd

Totale

Hydroelectric
Powerf

5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,667
3,155
2,760
2,756
2,488
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
1,793
1,392
1,631
1,561

3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
8,532
8,333
7,032
8,451
9,592
9,500
8,676
8,832
8,488
8,550
7,907
7,861
8,074
8,083
7,609
8,278
8,481

3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,586
9,075
9,178
9,168
9,230
9,825
9,633
9,770
9,451
8,588
7,814
8,171
8,108

13,288
15,434
16,277
19,260
21,911
20,339
20,962
17,492
19,463
20,727
20,896
20,075
20,079
19,811
20,559
19,538
19,606
19,414
18,506
16,791
18,075
18,161

69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
31
55
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
17

2012 January ................

R 129
R 129
R 134
R 124
R 125
R 120
R 123
R 127
R 119
R 125
R 128
R 131

R 803
R 749
R 742
R 708

R 1,513

714
670
658
630
672
661
658
694
637
733
709
706
8,140

R 1,648
R 1,548
R 1,536
R 1,468
R 1,507
R 1,474
R 1,491
R 1,542
R 1,461
R 1,593
R 1,584
R 1,623

2013 January ................

133
128
132
127
128
126
126
128
128
134
132
133
1,553

R 1,690
R 1,514
R 1,574
R 1,497
R 1,553
R 1,489

2014 January ................

127
126
131
124
125
126
R 123
127
1,008

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

1,027
1,010

709

R 694
R 710
R 722
R 706

739
750
786
R 8,819
R 819
R 752
R 796
R 739
R 735
R 700

722

R 736
R 714
R 757
R 796
R 853

R 9,120
R 882
R 806
R 842
R 782
R 767
R 742
R 768

739
634
648
633
690
666
713
683
736
752
751
741
8,386

R 18,476

1,559

R 1,545
R 1,577
R 1,642
R 1,676
R 1,725

R 19,042

Total

Total
Primary

Electricity
Retail
Salesg

Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesh

Totale

532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
1,944
2,026
1,963
2,201
2,261

602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,725
1,853
1,873
1,930
1,965
2,047
1,985
2,221
2,283

13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,719
22,824
21,794
21,799
21,536
22,412
21,411
21,536
21,379
20,553
18,776
20,296
20,444

500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,346
2,781
2,855
3,226
3,455
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
3,444
3,130
3,313
3,382

1,852
2,495
2,739
3,487
4,716
5,632
6,664
6,518
7,404
7,796
8,208
7,526
7,484
7,565
7,635
7,557
7,414
7,518
7,365
6,582
6,934
7,007

16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,971
34,664
32,720
32,662
32,555
33,519
32,446
32,401
32,404
31,362
28,488
30,543
30,833

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

196
184
188
180
188
183
186
189
181
186
185
192
2,238

199
186
191
182
191
185
187
191
183
188
188
194
2,265

R 1,847
R 1,734
R 1,727
R 1,649
R 1,698
R 1,659
R 1,678
R 1,733
R 1,645
R 1,781
R 1,772
R 1,817

270
267
277
276
289
285
298
301
280
283
269
267
3,363

547
525
550
546
611
591
624
600
535
556
552
569
6,811

R 2,664
R 2,527
R 2,555
R 2,472
R 2,598
R 2,536
R 2,600
R 2,634
R 2,460
R 2,621
R 2,592
R 2,653

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

184
165
182
174
182
183
194
186
178
186
187
196
2,197

187
169
186
177
186
186
197
189
180
189
189
199
2,234

R 1,878
R 1,683
R 1,759
R 1,674
R 1,739
R 1,675

267
254
266
265
280
278
286
289
274
275
265
260
3,258

545
498
545
530
592
588
593
590
530
545
558
550
6,664

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

186
168
184
184
189
188
194
193
1,486

190
171
187
186
192
190
196
195
1,506

R 1,981
R 1,770
R 1,831
R 1,769
R 1,747
R 1,706
R 1,787

551
479
546
528
590
590
593
596
4,473

R 2,797
R 2,498
R 2,643
R 2,562
R 2,617
R 2,577
R 2,667

1,792
14,383

265
250
266
265
280
281
287
292
2,186

3
3

(s)
(s)

1,451
1,494

1,477
1,512

13,899
13,726

2,184
2,264

4,480
4,595

20,564
20,585

Wind

Biomass

2
3
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)
(s)

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)

3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
22

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
32

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

R 1,791
R 1,599
R 1,644
R 1,584
R 1,555
R 1,516
R 1,591

773
6,363

784
669
672
680
665
649
702
700
5,519

1,597
12,877

3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
17

6,000
5,837

5,406
5,356

12,422
12,214

23
15

Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels
are included in "Biomass."
e Includes coal coke net imports, which are not separately displayed. See
Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Conventional hydroelectric power.
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
h Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

Solar/
PV

R 20,741

1,756

R 1,734
R 1,757
R 1,830
R 1,865
R 1,924

R 21,276

R 30,915
R 2,689
R 2,435
R 2,571
R 2,469
R 2,611
R 2,540
R 2,635
R 2,614
R 2,562
R 2,649
R 2,688
R 2,734

R 31,197

2,681
21,043

section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals; hydroelectric power in
19491978 and 1989 forward; solar/PV; wind; and electricity retail sales. The
industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and
Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 1.4a, 1.4b, 2.6, 3.8b, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 2.5

Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 19492013

Petroleum

25
20
15
10
Renewable
Energy

5
Natural Gas
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, Monthly

3.0
2.5
Petroleum
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5

Renewable
Energy

Natural Gas

0.0
J

F M A M

J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

J J A
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J A
2014

S O N D

Total, Monthly

3.0
18.003

18.113

18.246
2.5

2.0
12
1.5
8
1.0
4

0.5

2012

2014

0.0
2012

2013

2014

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.

Source: Table 2.5.
.

2013

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable
Energyb

Fossil Fuels
Coal
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

1,564
421
75
16
7
1
g
( )
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)

Electricity
Retail
Salese

Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesf

Petroleumd

Total

Biomass

Total
Primary

130
254
359
517
745
595
650
519
680
724
672
658
699
627
602
624
625
663
692
715
719
734

6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
22,955
25,682
25,412
25,913
25,987
26,925
27,309
27,651
27,763
26,230
25,375
25,683
25,264

8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
19,992
22,306
23,679
26,354
26,070
26,612
26,615
27,527
27,933
28,276
28,427
26,922
26,090
26,402
25,997

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
825
935
1,075
1,158

8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,791
26,489
26,213
26,781
26,845
27,817
28,272
28,751
29,029
27,747
27,025
27,477
27,155

23
20
10
10
11
10
11
14
16
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
27
26
26

86
56
26
24
26
24
27
32
37
38
42
43
42
51
54
56
54
60
56
56
55
54

8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,846
26,548
26,275
26,842
26,919
27,895
28,353
28,830
29,116
27,829
27,108
27,558
27,236

R 2,060
R 1,995
R 2,133

87
89
99
98
104
102
98
106
92
100
92
92
1,159

2,147

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
25

4
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
51

R 2,154

R 2,181
R 1,984
R 2,271
R 2,223
R 2,328
R 2,279
R 2,396
R 2,398
R 2,254
R 2,348
R 2,261
R 2,271

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26

5
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
53
5
5
5
4
5
4
5
4
37

R 2,181
R 2,050
R 2,274
R 2,271
R 2,339
R 2,301
R 2,414

36
34

18,113
18,003

Natural Gasc

2012 January ................

(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)

57
57
63
61
55
R 58
66
R 77
R 780

1,975
1,918
2,068
2,046
2,150
2,118
2,161
2,209
2,022
2,102
1,993
1,991
24,751

2013 January ................

(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)

R 102
R 91
R 89
R 69
R 61
R 61
R 67
R 68
R 62
R 65
R 82
R 103
R 920

1,987
1,807
2,081
2,052
2,160
2,110
2,222
2,226
2,084
2,167
2,073
2,054
25,022

2014 January ................

(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)

R 112
R 96
R 90
R 69
R 65
R 62
R 67

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

(g)
(g)

R 77
R 65
R 60

2,105
R 2,207
R 2,175
2,224
2,270
R 2,077
R 2,160
2,059
R 2,067
R 25,531

R 2,084
R 2,232

2,203
2,311
R 2,277
2,322
R 2,376
R 2,169
2,259
R 2,151
R 2,159
R 26,690

R 2,089
R 1,897
R 2,170
R 2,121
R 2,221
R 2,171
R 2,289
R 2,293
R 2,146
R 2,233
R 2,154
R 2,157

92
86
101
102
107
108
107
105
108
116
107
114
1,252

R 2,075
R 1,948
R 2,168
R 2,161
R 2,221
R 2,188
R 2,296

2,298
17,354

98
95
100
104
111
106
111
111
837

R 2,174
R 2,043
R 2,267
R 2,265
R 2,332
R 2,294
R 2,407

69
631

1,963
1,852
2,078
2,091
2,156
2,125
2,229
2,229
16,723

2,409
18,191

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
18

608
524

16,644
16,644

17,252
17,168

808
784

18,060
17,953

17
17

R 25,942

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuelssee Note 3,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. Data are for natural gas
consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small
amounts consumed as vehicle fuelsee Table 4.3.
d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels
are included in "Biomass."
e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

R 27,194

Total

2,090

R 2,238

2,209

R 2,318

2,283
2,329
2,382
R 2,175
2,265
R 2,157
R 2,165
R 26,766
R 2,188
R 1,990
R 2,278
R 2,230
R 2,334
R 2,286
R 2,402
R 2,405
R 2,260
R 2,354
R 2,267
R 2,278

R 27,272

2,415
18,246

section.
g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals through 1977; and electricity
retail sales beginning in 1979. See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and
Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 2.6

Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 19492013

24
Coal
20
16
12

Renewable Energy
Nuclear Electric Power

8
Natural Gas
4

Petroleum
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Major Source, Monthly

2.4

1.8
Coal

1.2
Natural Gas

Nuclear
Electric Power
0.6
Renewable Energy

Petroleum

0.0
J

F M A M

J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

J J
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J
2014

S O N D

By Major Source, August 2014

30
25.966

25.874

26.219

Coal

1.555

24
Natural
Gas
18

0.915

Nuclear
Electric
Power

0.745

12
Renewable
Energy

0.358

6
Petroleum

0.021

0
2012

2013

2014

0.0

0.5

1.0

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.

Source: Table 2.6.
.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

1.5

2.0

Table 2.6

Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb

Fossil Fuels

Electricity
Net
Importse

Total

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Hydroelectric
Powerd

Geothermal

Solar/
PV

472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
303

3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
18,534
18,767
20,859
22,523
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
28,470
27,810
25,638
27,039
26,050

0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,739
4,076
6,104
7,075
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,960
8,223
8,161
8,215
8,459
8,426
8,355
8,434
8,269

1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,749
2,655
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
2,521
3,085

NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
161
138
144
142
147
146
148
147
145
145
146
146
148
149

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
12
17

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,167

5
3
2
3
4
2
4
14
317
422
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
459
437

1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,411
3,339
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
4,064
4,855

6
14
15
(s)
7
21
71
140
8
134
115
75
72
22
39
85
63
107
112
116
89
127

4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
24,269
26,032
30,495
33,479
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,028
38,712
39,638
39,428
40,380
39,978
38,076
39,627
39,301

662
657
687
728
828
897
1,102
1,023
818
682
591
611
9,287

24
18
15
14
17
20
23
20
17
17
17
18
219

2,041
1,882
1,802
1,733
2,048
2,290
2,783
2,627
2,166
1,973
1,948
2,031
25,327

758
669
647
585
651
683
724
729
676
626
594
719
8,062

217
191
244
248
271
252
251
218
166
155
176
217
2,606

12
11
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
13
13
13
148

1
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
40

130
105
133
121
119
114
84
81
84
120
111
138
1,339

39
36
37
33
36
38
40
40
38
38
38
40
453

398
344
429
417
442
421
392
355
304
330
341
412
4,586

11
9
10
13
15
14
19
19
14
12
13
11
161

3,209
2,905
2,888
2,749
3,156
3,408
3,919
3,731
3,160
2,941
2,896
3,173
38,136

1,437
1,286
1,349
1,167
1,240
1,440
1,594
1,571
1,393
1,271
1,262
1,480
16,489

643
578
615
574
626
R 750
R 926
918
766
650
612
677
R 8,338

26
19
19
18
23
22
28
24
21
20
18
24
262

R 2,106

748
644
660
595
659
696
739
748
690
662
681
747
8,268

236
192
194
233
269
257
256
204
159
163
167
200
2,529

14
12
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
12
14
157

3
4
6
7
8
9
8
9
9
9
7
7
85

139
132
149
164
155
131
106
91
111
130
151
134
1,595

38
34
39
33
38
39
41
41
39
39
40
44
465

430
375
401
450
481
449
425
359
331
355
377
398
4,831

14
13
14
12
16
17
18
19
15
13
15
13
179

R 3,298

1,883
R 1,983
1,759
1,889
2,213
R 2,548
2,513
2,180
1,941
1,892
2,181
25,088

3,731
3,639
3,215
2,972
2,964
3,340
R 38,366

2014 January ..................

1,603
1,463
1,386
1,126
1,227
1,428
1,563
1,555
11,351

677
567
570
561
661
735
R 859
915
5,545

68
27
32
17
20
20
20
21
225

2,348
2,057
1,987
1,703
1,909
2,183
2,442
2,491
17,121

766
656
654
591
660
714
754
745
5,540

202
163
229
237
250
244
229
186
1,741

13
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
103

7
8
13
15
17
19
17
18
115

171
133
169
178
148
149
115
97
1,160

43
39
44
38
40
43
45
44
336

437
355
467
481
468
468
419
358
3,454

13
9
11
10
14
13
16
18
104

3,564
3,078
3,119
2,786
3,050
R 3,379
3,631
3,613
26,219

2013 8-Month Total .......

2012 8-Month Total .......

11,083
10,473

5,632
6,584

178
151

16,893
17,208

5,489
5,447

1,841
1,892

105
97

53
25

1,068
887

303
300

3,370
3,200

122
110

25,874
25,966

Coal

Natural
Gasc

Petroleum

1950 Total ......................

1955 Total ......................
1960 Total ......................
1965 Total ......................
1970 Total ......................
1975 Total ......................
1980 Total ......................
1985 Total ......................
1990 Totalf .....................
1995 Total ......................
2000 Total ......................
2001 Total ......................
2002 Total ......................
2003 Total ......................
2004 Total ......................
2005 Total ......................
2006 Total ......................
2007 Total ......................
2008 Total ......................
2009 Total ......................
2010 Total ......................
2011 Total ......................

2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
12,123
14,542
16,261
17,466
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
20,513
18,225
19,133
18,035

651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,778
3,135
3,309
4,302
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
6,829
7,022
7,528
7,712

2012 January ..................

1,356
1,207
1,100
991
1,204
1,373
1,658
1,585
1,331
1,275
1,340
1,403
15,821

2013 January ..................

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Conventional hydroelectric power.
e Net imports equal imports minus exports.
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal

Wind

Biomass

Total

Total
Primary

R 2,916
R 3,058

2,815
3,044
R 3,374

output.

The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See
Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Energy Consumption by Sector

Note 1. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical
system energy losses are calculated as the difference
between total primary consumption by the electric power
sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales (see Tables 7.6 and A6). Most of these
losses occur at steam-electric power plants (conventional
and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into
mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is
a thermodynamically necessary feature of the steamelectric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is
a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic,
and wind energy sources. In addition to conversion
losses, other losses include power plant use of electricity,
transmission and distribution of electricity from power
plants to end-use consumers (also called "line losses"),
and unaccounted-for electricity. Total losses are allocated
to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector's share
of total electricity sales. Overall, about two thirds of total
energy input is lost in conversion. Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use
and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.
Note 2. Energy Consumption Data and Surveys. Most
of the data in this section of the Monthly Energy Review

(MER) are developed from a group of energy-related

surveys, typically called "supply surveys," conducted by the
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Supply
surveys are directed to suppliers and marketers of specific
energy sources. They measure the quantities of specific
energy sources produced, or the quantities supplied to the
market, or both. The data obtained from EIA's supply
surveys are integrated to yield the summary consumption
statistics published in this section (and in Section 1) of the
MER.
Users of EIA's energy consumption statistics should be
aware of a second group of energy-related surveys, typically
called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather
information on the types of energy consumed by end users
of energy, along with the characteristics of those end users
that can be associated with energy use. For example, the
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey belongs to
the consumption survey group because it collects information directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments). There are important differences between the supply
and consumption surveys that need to be taken into account
in any analysis that uses both data sources. For information
on those differences, see Energy Consumption by End-Use
Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and
Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533, U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Washington, DC, April 6, 1990.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

3. Petroleum

Figure 3.1

Petroleum Overview
(Million Barrels per Day)

Overview, 19492013
25
Products Supplied
20

15
Net Imports
10
Total Field Productiona

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 19492013
12
10
8
Crude Oilb

6
4

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

2
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Total Field Production,a Monthly

Overview, JanuaryOctober
25

15
2012

2013

2014

18.5 18.9 19.0

9
11.5

9.9

8.8
7.6
6.5
5.1

3
2012

2014

0
Total Field
Productiona

Net
Imports

Products
Supplied

a
Crude oil, including lease condensate, and natural gas plant liquids field
production.
b
Includes lease condensate.

2013

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.

Source: Table 3.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.1 Petroleum Overview

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Productiona

Trade

Crude Oilb,c

Renewable
Fuels
and Oxygenatesf

Processing
Gaing

48
Statesd

Alaska

5,407
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
6,980
7,146
5,582
5,076
4,851
4,839
4,759
4,675
4,533
4,317
4,347
4,355
4,317
4,705
4,882
5,084

0
0
2
30
229
191
1,617
1,825
1,773
1,484
970
963
985
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
600
561

5,407
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
5,822
5,801
5,744
5,649
5,441
5,181
5,088
5,077
5,000
5,350
5,482
5,645

499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,633
1,573
1,609
1,559
1,762
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
1,784
1,910
2,074
2,216

5,906
7,578
7,965
9,014
11,297
10,007
10,170
10,581
8,914
8,322
7,733
7,670
7,624
7,369
7,250
6,898
6,827
6,860
6,783
7,260
7,556
7,861

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
746
907
1,016

2
34
146
220
359
460
597
557
683
774
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
993
979
1,068
1,076

850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436

2012 January ....................

5,560
5,680
5,730
5,744
5,796
5,759
5,976
5,914
6,072
6,395
6,491
6,526
5,971

593
582
567
552
546
493
415
404
502
547
553
555
526

6,153
6,262
6,297
6,296
6,342
6,252
6,391
6,318
6,574
6,941
7,044
7,081
6,497

2,384
2,401
2,385
2,379
2,393
2,338
2,327
2,371
2,462
2,507
2,536
2,415
2,408

8,537
8,662
8,682
8,675
8,735
8,590
8,717
8,689
9,036
9,448
9,580
9,496
8,905

1,022
1,013
991
1,002
1,017
1,003
928
954
920
901
913
904
964

1,053
1,064
1,074
1,027
1,089
1,100
1,065
1,045
1,001
1,006
1,032
1,152
1,059

2013 January ....................

R 6,533
R 6,555
R 6,636
R 6,840
R 6,768
R 6,757
R 6,982
R 7,046
R 7,235
R 7,160
R 7,457
R 7,374
R 6,947

549
541
533
523
515
486
493
428
511
521
536
546
515

R 7,082
R 7,096
R 7,169
R 7,362
R 7,284
R 7,243
R 7,474
R 7,474
R 7,747
R 7,681
R 7,993
R 7,920
R 7,462

2,379
2,490
2,485
2,513
2,556
2,542
2,618
2,715
2,791
2,766
2,747
2,660
2,606

R 9,461
R 9,585
R 9,653
R 9,876
R 9,840
R 9,784

R 10,093
R 10,189
R 10,538
R 10,447
R 10,740
R 10,580
R 10,068

891
905
950
971
1,011
1,034
1,021
1,004
998
1,052
1,083
1,102
1,002

2014 January ....................

RE 7,446
RE 7,577
RE 7,675
RE 7,903
RE 7,993
RE 8,095
RE 8,165
RE 8,250
E 8,351
E 8,458
E 7,994

E 542
E 515
E 530
E 537
E 524
E 485
E 422
RE 398
E 467
E 497
E 491

RE 7,987
RE 8,092
RE 8,205
RE 8,440
RE 8,517
RE 8,579
RE 8,587
RE 8,648
E 8,818
E 8,955
E 8,485

2,639
2,684
2,793
2,919
2,880
3,044
3,061
R 3,087
E 3,642
E 3,515
E 3,028

RE 10,626
RE 10,776
RE 10,998
RE 11,358
RE 11,398
RE 11,624
RE 11,648
RE 11,735
E 12,460
E 12,470
E 11,513

6,853
5,864

510
520

7,363
6,383

2,586
2,395

9,949
8,778

1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

2013 10-Month Average

2012 10-Month Average

Total

NGPLe

Totalc

Exports

Petroleum
Products
Supplied

Net
Importsi

Stock
Changej

Adjustmentsc,k

305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986

545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
9,441
8,450

-56
(s)
-83
-8
103
32
140
-103
107
-246
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
-148
195
109
49
-121

-51
-37
-8
-10
-16
41
64
200
338
496
532
501
529
509
542
510
536
640
803
229
258
357

6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882

10,910
10,490
10,605
10,611
11,117
11,424
10,794
10,880
10,475
10,047
10,181
9,644
10,598

2,870
2,994
3,116
3,272
3,207
3,216
3,237
3,081
3,164
3,255
3,404
3,636
3,205

8,041
7,496
7,489
7,339
7,910
8,208
7,556
7,798
7,312
6,793
6,777
6,008
7,393

726
-179
519
33
366
478
91
-401
631
-304
11
-85
158

377
229
446
201
204
434
339
268
454
254
236
475
327

18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490

1,061
966
1,012
1,093
1,039
1,087
1,132
1,115
1,136
1,085
1,126
1,179
1,087

10,089
9,286
9,534
10,168
10,174
9,882
10,300
10,249
10,036
9,608
9,385
9,539
9,859

2,881
3,280
3,111
3,235
3,472
3,594
3,851
3,725
3,632
4,074
3,967
4,602
3,621

7,208
6,007
6,423
6,933
6,703
6,288
6,449
6,524
6,405
5,535
5,419
4,938
6,237

98
-738
92
491
291
72
-37
162
353
-754
-688
-903
-127

R 227
R 442
R 585
R 203
R 476
R 685
R 525
R 455
R 528
R 440
R 435
R 281
R 440

18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961

1,002
1,019
1,025
1,044
1,058
1,088
1,092
R 1,035
E 1,005
E 991
E 1,036

1,118
1,080
1,009
1,080
1,027
1,125
1,108
R 1,162
E 1,133
E 1,080
E 1,092

9,264
9,151
9,240
9,584
9,380
8,815
9,472
R 9,309
E 8,990
E 8,829
E 9,205

4,021
3,611
3,858
3,966
4,121
4,156
4,479
R 4,533
E 3,822
E 3,995
E 4,061

5,243
5,540
5,382
5,618
5,260
4,659
4,994
R 4,776
E 5,168
E 4,834
E 5,143

-561
14
323
906
935
150
130
R 127
E 271
E -165
E 213

R 370
R 592
R 435
R 590
R 708
R 486
R 452
R 695
E -236
E -81
E 400

18,921
18,994
18,526
18,783
18,516
18,833
19,164
R 19,276
E 19,259
E 19,459
E 18,973

984
975

1,073
1,053

9,938
10,736

3,487
3,141

6,451
7,595

7
197

457
321

18,907
18,524

a Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum
gases, pentanes plus, and a small amount of finished petroleum products)
production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what was previously
classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in
"Adjustments."
b Includes lease condensate.
c Once a month, data for crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments are revised going back as far as the data year of the U.S. Energy
Information Administrations (EIA) last published Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA)these revisions are released at the same time as EIAs Petroleum Supply
Monthly. Once a year, data for these series are revised going back as far as 10
yearsthese revisions are released at the same time as the PSA.
d United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
e Natural gas plant liquids.
f Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.
g Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs.
See Table 3.2.
h Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See Table 3.3b.

Importsh

i Net imports equal imports minus exports.

j A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. The current month stock change estimate is based on the change
from the previous months estimate, rather than the stocks values shown in Table
3.4. Includes crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes
distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 3.4.
k An adjustment for crude oil, hydrogen, oxygenates, renewable fuels, other
hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blending components, finished motor gasoline, and
distillate fuel oil. See EIAs Petroleum Supply Monthly, Appendix B, "PSM
Explanatory Notes," for further information.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day
and greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.2

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production

(Million Barrels per Day)

Net Inputs and Net Production, 19492013

20
Total Net Production
15

Total
Net
Inputs

Crude Oil Net Inputsa

5
Other Net Inputsb
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Net Production, Selected Products, 19492013

Motor Gasolinec

Distillate Fuel Oild

Jet Fuele
Residual Fuel Oil

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Net Inputs and Net Production, Monthly

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Net Production, Selected Products, Monthly

25
Total Net Production

Motor Gasolinec
9

15
Crude Oil Net Inputsa

6
Distillate Fuel Oild

Total Net
Inputs

3
5

Jet Fuele

Other Net Inputsb

Residual Fuel Oil

0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2014
2012
2013

Includes lease condensate.

Natural gas plant liquids and other liquids.
Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodieb
c

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

sel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Source: Table 3.2.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Refinery and Blender Net Inputsa

Refinery and Blender Net Productionb

LPGc

Crude
Oild

NGPLe

Other
Liquidsf

Total

Distillate
Fuel Oilg

Jet
Fuelh

5,739
7,480
8,067
9,043
10,870
12,442
13,481
12,002
13,409
13,973
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
15,156
14,648
14,336
14,724
14,806

259
345
455
618
763
710
462
509
467
471
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
505
485
485
442
490

19
32
61
88
121
72
81
681
713
775
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
1,337
2,019
2,082
2,219
2,300

6,018
7,857
8,583
9,750
11,754
13,225
14,025
13,192
14,589
15,220
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
16,999
17,153
16,904
17,385
17,596

1,093
1,651
1,823
2,096
2,454
2,653
2,661
2,686
2,925
3,155
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
4,133
4,294
4,048
4,223
4,492

(h)
155
241
523
827
871
999
1,189
1,488
1,416
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
1,493
1,396
1,418
1,449

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
234
269
295
404
503
583
556
572
570
584
540
543
562
519
537
560
552

80
119
212
293
345
311
330
391
499
654
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
655
630
623
659
619

2,735
3,648
4,126
4,507
5,699
6,518
6,492
6,419
6,959
7,459
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
8,358
8,548
8,786
9,059
9,058

1,165
1,152
908
736
706
1,235
1,580
882
950
788
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
673
620
598
585
537

947
1,166
1,420
1,814
2,082
2,097
2,559
2,183
2,452
2,522
2,705
2,651
2,712
2,780
2,887
2,782
2,827
2,728
2,561
2,431
2,509
2,518

6,019
7,891
8,729
9,970
12,113
13,685
14,622
13,750
15,272
15,994
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
17,994
18,146
17,882
18,452
18,673

2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................

14,374
14,615
14,476
14,609
15,097
15,637
15,665
15,325
14,910
14,843
15,085
15,330
14,999

512
532
445
451
432
442
439
436
523
622
627
646
509

1,644
1,627
2,008
2,208
2,317
2,182
2,149
2,436
2,003
1,997
1,747
1,627
1,997

16,531
16,774
16,929
17,269
17,846
18,261
18,253
18,197
17,436
17,462
17,460
17,604
17,505

4,500
4,408
4,263
4,352
4,547
4,632
4,660
4,600
4,566
4,510
4,669
4,884
4,550

1,437
1,402
1,412
1,434
1,469
1,610
1,613
1,560
1,450
1,419
1,374
1,466
1,471

531
542
545
558
568
585
569
543
522
541
550
579
553

421
503
688
835
858
841
848
779
553
470
364
390
630

8,385
8,606
8,705
8,720
8,950
9,157
9,073
9,237
8,888
9,176
9,156
9,051
8,926

500
548
577
525
509
538
486
495
508
481
458
388
501

2,341
2,372
2,359
2,430
2,603
2,583
2,640
2,571
2,474
2,414
2,471
2,578
2,487

17,584
17,838
18,004
18,295
18,936
19,360
19,319
19,242
18,438
18,468
18,492
18,756
18,564

2013 January ......................

14,567
14,230
14,703
14,864
15,305
15,833
16,042
15,793
15,636
14,991
15,633
16,069
15,312

543
506
490
429
379
426
427
444
560
567
595
589
496

1,727
2,270
2,108
2,342
2,683
2,443
2,358
2,471
2,006
2,398
1,935
1,791
2,211

16,838
17,007
17,301
17,636
18,367
18,702
18,827
18,708
18,202
17,956
18,163
18,449
18,019

4,480
4,281
4,284
4,416
4,767
4,792
4,934
4,930
4,888
4,815
5,050
5,122
4,733

1,414
1,402
1,461
1,524
1,450
1,522
1,561
1,605
1,544
1,426
1,491
1,586
1,499

543
536
559
561
574
566
575
584
574
542
557
600
564

410
477
648
814
860
841
858
829
630
418
301
376
623

8,718
8,926
8,971
9,042
9,299
9,472
9,374
9,340
9,190
9,484
9,476
9,495
9,234

395
504
569
508
488
469
481
417
434
420
466
455
467

2,481
2,383
2,379
2,424
2,542
2,694
2,750
2,702
2,652
2,478
2,505
2,594
2,550

17,898
17,973
18,312
18,729
19,407
19,789
19,959
19,823
19,338
19,041
19,290
19,628
19,106

2014 January ......................

15,300
15,122
15,126
15,867
15,945
15,818
16,532
R 16,455
E 16,018
E 15,318
E 15,755

524
531
495
433
427
430
415
R 426
F 501
F 551
E 473

1,555
1,919
2,605
2,620
2,757
2,808
2,694
R 2,432
RE 2,172
E 2,150
E 2,374

17,379
17,572
18,226
18,919
19,129
19,055
19,641
R 19,314
RF 18,691
F 18,018
E 18,602

4,656
4,572
4,754
4,980
5,020
4,889
5,014
R 5,030
E 4,900
E 4,586
E 4,842

1,477
1,450
1,417
1,496
1,468
1,519
1,637
R 1,672
E 1,646
E 1,498
E 1,529

584
573
564
600
597
597
614
R 602
RE 746
E 679
E 616

414
518
676
864
887
872
910
R 890
RF 639
F 496
E 718

8,999
9,259
9,533
9,733
9,823
9,890
10,052
R 9,734
E 9,390
E 9,479
E 9,592

480
428
463
422
455
456
402
R 439
E 418
E 415
E 438

2,471
2,426
2,393
2,504
2,504
2,553
2,733
R 2,712
RE 2,831
E 2,624
E 2,576

18,497
18,652
19,235
19,999
20,156
20,180
20,749
R 20,476
RE 19,824
E 19,098
E 19,694

2013 10-Month Average ...

2012 10-Month Average ...

15,204
14,956

477
483

2,281
2,059

17,961
17,499

4,662
4,504

1,491
1,481

562
550

680
680

9,184
8,891

468
516

2,550
2,479

19,035
18,551

a
b
c
d
e
f

See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.

See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Includes lease condensate.
Natural gas plant liquids (liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus).
Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981,
also includes aviation and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in
1993, also includes oxygenates (net), including fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2009,
also includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel).
g Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
h Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products.") For
19522004, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet
fuel is included in the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other
Products.")
i Includes propylene.
j Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and
special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor

Propanei

Total

Motor
Residual
Other
Gasolinej Fuel Oil Productsk

Total

gasoline.
k Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also
includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,
Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

Overview, August 2014

Million Barrels per Day

19.3

9.3

4.5

4.8

Exports

Net
Imports

3.3
1.8

0
Imports From
Persian Gulf

Imports From
OPEC

Total
Imports

Products
Supplied

Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf as Share of Total Imports, 19602013
80
68.0%
(1960)

Percent

OPEC
37.7%
(2013)

47.8%
(1973)
Persian Gulf

17.9%
(1960)

0
1960

20.4%
(2013)

13.6%
(1973)

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied, 19492013

Percent

50
34.8%
(1973)
32.9%
(2013)

25
5.5%
(1949)

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum .
Source: Table 3.3a.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

2005

2010

Table 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

As Share of
Products Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa

Imports
From
OPECb

Imports

Exports

Net
Imports

Products
Supplied

Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa

Imports
From
OPECb

Imports

Thousand Barrels per Day

As Share of
Total Imports

Net
Imports

Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa

Imports
From
OPECb

Percent

NA
NA
326
359
184
1,165
1,519
311
1,966
1,573
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
2,163
2,370
1,689
1,711
1,861

NA
NA
1,233
1,439
1,294
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
4,906
4,555

850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436

305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986

545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
9,441
8,450

6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882

NA
NA
3.3
3.1
1.3
7.1
8.9
2.0
11.6
8.9
12.6
14.1
11.5
12.5
12.0
11.2
10.7
10.5
12.2
9.0
8.9
9.9

NA
NA
12.6
12.5
8.8
22.1
25.2
11.6
25.3
22.6
26.4
28.1
23.3
25.8
27.5
26.9
26.7
28.9
30.5
25.4
25.6
24.1

13.2
14.8
18.5
21.4
23.3
37.1
40.5
32.2
47.2
49.8
58.2
60.4
58.3
61.2
63.4
65.9
66.3
65.1
66.2
62.3
61.5
60.6

8.4
10.4
16.5
19.8
21.5
35.8
37.3
27.3
42.2
44.5
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
57.0
51.5
49.2
44.8

NA
NA
17.9
14.5
5.4
19.2
22.0
6.1
24.5
17.8
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
14.4
14.5
16.3

NA
NA
68.0
58.3
37.8
59.5
62.2
36.1
53.6
45.3
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
44.4
46.1
40.9
41.6
39.8

2012 January ......................

2,158
1,948
2,209
2,236
2,628
2,395
2,154
2,071
2,071
2,142
2,100
1,751
2,156

4,159
3,989
4,301
4,402
4,730
4,655
4,387
4,385
4,272
4,187
4,228
3,556
4,271

10,910
10,490
10,605
10,611
11,117
11,424
10,794
10,880
10,475
10,047
10,181
9,644
10,598

2,870
2,994
3,116
3,272
3,207
3,216
3,237
3,081
3,164
3,255
3,404
3,636
3,205

8,041
7,496
7,489
7,339
7,910
8,208
7,556
7,798
7,312
6,793
6,777
6,008
7,393

18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490

11.8
10.4
12.2
12.3
14.1
12.7
11.6
10.8
11.4
11.5
11.3
9.7
11.7

22.7
21.4
23.7
24.2
25.4
24.7
23.7
22.9
23.6
22.4
22.8
19.6
23.1

59.6
56.3
58.4
58.3
59.8
60.6
58.3
56.8
57.9
53.7
55.0
53.2
57.3

43.9
40.2
41.2
40.3
42.6
43.5
40.8
40.7
40.4
36.3
36.6
33.2
40.0

19.8
18.6
20.8
21.1
23.6
21.0
20.0
19.0
19.8
21.3
20.6
18.2
20.3

38.1
38.0
40.6
41.5
42.5
40.7
40.6
40.3
40.8
41.7
41.5
36.9
40.3

2013 January ......................

1,798
1,838
2,087
1,804
2,135
1,894
1,927
2,160
2,146
1,933
2,143
2,225
2,009

3,866
3,115
3,741
3,799
4,064
3,837
3,789
3,901
3,921
3,411
3,535
3,613
3,720

10,089
9,286
9,534
10,168
10,174
9,882
10,300
10,249
10,036
9,608
9,385
9,539
9,859

2,881
3,280
3,111
3,235
3,472
3,594
3,851
3,725
3,632
4,074
3,967
4,602
3,621

7,208
6,007
6,423
6,933
6,703
6,288
6,449
6,524
6,405
5,535
5,419
4,938
6,237

18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961

9.6
9.9
11.3
9.7
11.4
10.1
10.0
11.3
11.1
10.0
11.0
11.7
10.6

20.6
16.7
20.2
20.4
21.6
20.4
19.7
20.4
20.4
17.7
18.1
19.0
19.6

53.8
49.8
51.5
54.7
54.2
52.5
53.5
53.6
52.1
49.8
48.2
50.3
52.0

38.4
32.2
34.7
37.3
35.7
33.4
33.5
34.1
33.3
28.7
27.8
26.0
32.9

17.8
19.8
21.9
17.7
21.0
19.2
18.7
21.1
21.4
20.1
22.8
23.3
20.4

38.3
33.5
39.2
37.4
39.9
38.8
36.8
38.1
39.1
35.5
37.7
37.9
37.7

2014 January ......................

2,187
2,172
2,117
2,274
1,929
1,941
2,145
R 1,778
NA
NA
NA

3,314
3,398
3,380
3,668
3,313
3,251
3,598
R 3,272
NA
NA
NA

9,264
9,151
9,240
9,584
9,380
8,815
9,472
R 9,309
E 8,990
E 8,829
E 9,205

4,021
3,611
3,858
3,966
4,121
4,156
4,479
R 4,533
E 3,822
E 3,995
E 4,061

5,243
5,540
5,382
5,618
5,260
4,659
4,994
R 4,776
E 5,168
E 4,834
E 5,143

18,921
18,994
18,526
18,783
18,516
18,833
19,164
R 19,276
E 19,259
E 19,459
E 18,973

11.6
11.4
11.4
12.1
10.4
10.3
11.2
R 9.2
NA
NA
NA

17.5
17.9
18.2
19.5
17.9
17.3
18.8
R 17.0
NA
NA
NA

49.0
48.2
49.9
51.0
50.7
46.8
49.4
R 48.3
E 46.7
E 45.4
E 48.5

27.7
29.2
29.0
29.9
28.4
24.7
26.1
R 24.8
E 26.8
E 24.8
E 27.1

23.6
23.7
22.9
23.7
20.6
22.0
22.6
R 19.1
NA
NA
NA

35.8
37.1
36.6
38.3
35.3
36.9
38.0
R 35.1
NA
NA
NA

2013 10-Month Average ...

2012 10-Month Average ...

1,974
2,203

3,750
4,348

9,938
10,736

3,487
3,141

6,451
7,595

18,907
18,524

10.4
11.9

19.8
23.5

52.6
58.0

34.1
41.0

19.9
20.5

37.7
40.5

a Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
b See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
See Table 3.3c for notes on which countries are included in the data.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes:

For the feature article "Measuring Dependence on

Imported Oil," published in the August 1995 Monthly Energy Review,
see
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/imported_oil.pdf.
Beginning in October 1977, data include Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports.
See Table 3.3b. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. U.S. exports include shipments to U.S. territories, and imports include

receipts from U.S. territories.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
unpublished revisions. 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports

(Million Barrels per Day)
Overview, 19492013
12
10
Crude Oil

8
6

Petroleum Products

4
2
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

OPEC and Non-OPEC, 19602013

10
Non-OPEC
8

6
OPEC
4

0
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

From Selected OPEC Countries, August 2014

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

From Selected Non-OPEC Countries,

August 2014

1.5

4.0
3.433

1.0

3.0
0.894

0.867
2.0
0.543

0.5
0.305

0.263

0.0

1.0

0.798
0.394

0.336

Russia

Colombia

0.0
Saudi
Arabia

Vene-

Iraq

Ecuador

Kuwait

Canada

Mexico

zuela

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 3.3b3.3d.

0.214

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Brazil

Table 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Imports
Crude Oila
SPRc

Total

Exports

LPGb
Distillate
Fuel Oil

Jet
Fueld

Propanee

Total

Motor
Residual
Gasolinef Fuel Oil Otherg

Total

Crude Petroleum
Oila
Products

Total

44
118
27

8
11
16

77
52
8
7
19
56

487
782
1,015
1,238
1,324
4,105
5,263
3,201
5,894
7,230
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
10,031
9,783
9,013
9,213
8,935

7
12
35
36
147
155
142
200
278
193
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
304
213
225
228
179

(d)
(d)
34
81
144
133
80
39
108
106
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
103
81
98
69

0
0
NA
NA
26
60
69
67
115
102
161
145
145
168
209
233
228
182
185
147
121
110

0
0
4
21
52
112
216
187
188
146
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
247
253
182
153
135

(s)
13
27
28
67
184
140
381
342
265
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
413
302
223
134
105

329
417
637
946
1,528
1,223
939
510
504
187
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
372
349
331
366
328

27
24
62
119
157
144
130
550
705
708
938
1,095
1,085
1,087
1,419
1,609
1,881
1,885
1,913
1,635
1,600
1,686

850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436

95
32
8
3
14
6
287
204
109
95
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
44
42
47

210
336
193
184
245
204
258
577
748
855
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
1,405
1,773
1,980
2,311
2,939

305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986

2012 January ..................

8,527
8,562
8,771
8,636
8,991
9,193
8,712
8,665
8,381
8,108
8,183
7,604
8,527

157
142
137
98
113
87
117
112
86
88
188
190
126

6
41
5
45
49
42
48
124
84
106
46
59
55

146
125
109
115
106
102
115
85
100
91
138
161
116

169
155
137
143
133
130
134
109
124
116
158
182
141

80
46
79
33
43
37
32
34
23
26
32
64
44

330
228
273
252
265
325
247
244
257
236
236
178
256

1,641
1,315
1,204
1,404
1,524
1,609
1,505
1,593
1,521
1,368
1,339
1,367
1,450

10,910
10,490
10,605
10,611
11,117
11,424
10,794
10,880
10,475
10,047
10,181
9,644
10,598

78
73
71
41
83
46
77
60
68
67
73
71
67

2,791
2,921
3,045
3,231
3,124
3,170
3,160
3,021
3,096
3,188
3,331
3,565
3,137

2,870
2,994
3,116
3,272
3,207
3,216
3,237
3,081
3,164
3,255
3,404
3,636
3,205

2013 January ..................

7,956
7,293
7,497
7,760
7,741
7,731
8,058
8,099
7,923
7,478
7,408
7,772
7,730

213
174
146
238
168
121
107
123
132
128
145
164
155

61
70
44
104
113
99
96
124
68
98
74
61
84

184
166
141
111
81
111
88
84
87
158
169
146
127

207
186
164
130
98
133
109
109
108
181
189
166
148

40
19
56
35
38
70
53
68
40
38
49
33
45

239
199
285
264
194
181
252
296
231
195
194
169
225

1,372
1,347
1,343
1,636
1,822
1,548
1,627
1,430
1,533
1,489
1,326
1,174
1,471

10,089
9,286
9,534
10,168
10,174
9,882
10,300
10,249
10,036
9,608
9,385
9,539
9,859

109
132
107
138
130
124
104
71
105
119
253
220
134

2,772
3,148
3,004
3,096
3,341
3,470
3,747
3,654
3,526
3,955
3,714
4,381
3,487

2,881
3,280
3,111
3,235
3,472
3,594
3,851
3,725
3,632
4,074
3,967
4,602
3,621

2014 January ..................

7,584
7,200
7,264
7,547
7,165
7,054
7,623
R 7,471
E 7,497
E 7,266
E 7,369

283
336
324
180
186
121
129
R 143
E 109
E 92
E 189

42
94
91
144
104
109
85
R 63
E 120
E 79
E 93

187
221
122
78
66
91
63
R 76
E 74
E 91
E 106

206
244
142
101
84
116
81
R 90
NA
NA
NA

42
11
36
57
47
51
60
R 73
E 44
E 60
E 48

122
221
156
177
175
150
177
R 166
E 175
E 224
E 174

985
1,046
1,227
1,377
1,619
1,215
1,317
R 1,302
NA
NA
NA

9,264
9,151
9,240
9,584
9,380
8,815
9,472
R 9,309
E 8,990
E 8,829
E 9,205

245
240
246
268
288
396
401
R 389
E 399
E 416
E 329

3,776
3,371
3,612
3,698
3,832
3,761
4,078
R 4,144
E 3,423
E 3,580
E 3,732

4,021
3,611
3,858
3,966
4,121
4,156
4,479
R 4,533
E 3,822
E 3,995
E 4,061

2013 10-Month Average

2012 10-Month Average

7,758
8,654

155
114

88
55

121
109

142
135

46
43

234
266

1,516
1,469

9,938
10,736

114
67

3,374
3,075

3,487
3,141

a Includes lease condensate.

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.

Through 2003, includes crude oil imports by SPR only; beginning in 2004, includes
crude oil imports by SPR, and crude oil imports into SPR by others.
d Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 19562004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Motor Gasoline." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.")
e Includes propylene.
f Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through
1980, also includes motor gasoline blending components.
g Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,
lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished
oils, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also

includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also
includes motor gasoline blending components. Beginning in 2005, also includes
naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. =No data
reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
unpublished revisions. 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.3c Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Libyae

Nigeriaf

Saudi
Arabiad

Venezuela

182
74
48
16
27
21
86
218
272
250
228
220
250
243
185
181
210
182
197
191

(e)
42
47
232
554
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
56
87
117
103
79
70
15

(f)
(f)
(f)
762
857
293
800
627
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
1,134
988
809
1,023
818

84
158
30
715
1,261
168
1,339
1,344
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
1,485
1,529
1,004
1,096
1,195

911
994
989
702
481
605
1,025
1,480
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
1,361
1,189
1,063
988
951

34
155
172
832
577
439
199
98
72
105
83
61
70
47
38
39
26
50
3
16

1,233
1,439
1,294
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
4,906
4,555

374
271
386
395
675
668
375
550
461
593
489
462
476

319
252
454
235
407
250
304
301
310
287
276
254
305

5
29
60
68
65
93
110
126
67
59
30
16
61

494
353
374
483
428
515
372
504
468
543
516
248
441

1,423
1,420
1,369
1,597
1,540
1,456
1,466
1,220
1,291
1,258
1,316
1,034
1,365

751
934
984
904
861
794
1,080
1,048
1,038
951
1,076
1,092
960

7
7
17
7

6
4
18

4,159
3,989
4,301
4,402
4,730
4,655
4,387
4,385
4,272
4,187
4,228
3,556
4,271

240
174
228
322
178
202
198
349
255
251
235
198
236

419
529
426
455
321
228
299
397
287
226
182
332
341

389
255
367
238
361
217
309
420
299
335
397
332
328

20
20
74
76
125
119
150
67
35
13

(s)
59

479
255
403
405
395
366
240
167
286
183
93
99
281

979
1,032
1,284
1,109
1,440
1,431
1,318
1,332
1,557
1,362
1,563
1,520
1,329

913
614
781
866
739
899
933
678
837
759
796
847
806

10
20
8

10
16

39
10

3,866
3,115
3,741
3,799
4,064
3,837
3,789
3,901
3,921
3,411
3,535
3,613
3,720

94
114
117
118
178
166
159
129
134

191
207
173
170
217
138
214
305
202

249
290
291
321
351
529
496
543
385

474
348
360
342
334
355
375
263
357

10
1

89
59
112
187
118
115
61
48
99

1,462
1,464
1,444
1,607
1,241
1,017
1,232
894
1,293

687
807
772
853
772
747
901
867
801

1
31
19
1
1
38
40
76
26

3,314
3,398
3,380
3,668
3,313
3,251
3,598
3,272
3,399

237
263

237
190

383
463

321
316

82
70

339
441

1,243
1,436

805
920

9
10

3,772
4,378

Algeriaa

Angolab

Ecuadorc

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

(a)
(a)
8
282
488
187
280
234
225
278
264
382
452
478
657
670
548
493
510
358

(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
508
513
460
393
346

22
16
0
2
28
46
518
0
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
484
627
450
415
459

2012 January ........................

269
256
325
259
300
236
213
303
175
186
199
179
242

385
230
175
253
249
378
285
153
237
183
157
116
233

100
244
174
201
199
248
176
180
218
122
151
155
180

2013 January ........................

195
17
74
160
168
88
112
105
136
66
144
110
115

223
198
98
167
328
271
228
376
226
207
125
136
216

2014 January ........................

68
79
92
69
102
147
118
137
102

2013 8-Month Average .......

2012 8-Month Average .......

116
270

Iraq

Kuwaitd

a Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 19601968, Algeria is included in "Total

Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
b Angola joined OPEC in January 2007. For 19602006, Angola is included in
"Total Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
c Ecuador was a member of OPEC from 19731992, and rejoined OPEC in
November 2007. For 19601972 and 19932007, Ecuador is included in "Total
Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
d Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Beginning in 1971, imports from the Neutral Zone are
reported as originating in either Kuwait or Saudi Arabia depending on the country
reported to U.S. Customs.
e Libya joined OPEC in 1962. For 1960 and 1961, Libya is included in "Total
Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
f Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 19601970, Nigeria is included in "Total
Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
g Includes these countries in the years indicated:
Gabon (19751994),
Indonesia (19622008), Iran (1960 forward), Qatar (1961 forward), and United Arab
Emirates (1967 forward).
=No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.

Otherg

Total
OPEC

Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in

Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on this table are included on
Table 3.3d. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19601972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.3d Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Brazil
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

Canada

Colombia

Mexico

Netherlands

Norway

Russiaa

United
Kingdom

U.S. Virgin
Islands

Other

Total
Non-OPEC

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

1
0
2
5
3
61
49
8
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
200
258
309
272
253

120
323
766
846
455
770
934
1,332
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
2,455
2,493
2,479
2,535
2,729

42
51
46
9
4
23
182
219
342
296
260
195
176
196
155
155
200
276
365
433

16
48
42
71
533
816
755
1,068
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
1,532
1,302
1,210
1,284
1,206

NA
1
39
19
2
58
55
15
30
43
66
87
101
151
174
128
168
140
108
100

NA
0
0
17
144
32
102
273
343
341
393
270
244
233
196
142
102
108
89
113

0
0
3
14
1
8
45
25
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
414
465
563
612
624

(s)
(s)
11
14
176
310
189
383
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
277
236
245
256
159

NA
0
189
406
388
247
282
278
291
268
236
288
330
328
328
346
320
277
253
186

NA
606
1,027
1,052
903
913
1,128
1,233
1,581
1,631
1,649
1,766
2,008
2,413
2,446
1,839
1,416
1,307
1,112
1,077

581
1,029
2,126
2,454
2,609
3,237
3,721
4,833
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
7,489
6,961
6,915
6,887
6,881

2012 January ........................

321
286
357
237
212
297
270
289
152
90
123
85
226

3,032
3,057
2,953
2,987
2,966
3,070
2,921
2,954
2,759
2,642
2,870
3,153
2,946

431
474
482
472
430
515
413
409
357
376
459
387
433

1,114
1,081
1,004
1,002
1,012
915
1,024
1,016
1,096
1,062
1,065
1,026
1,035

101
93
143
84
111
151
138
97
75
69
72
52
99

46
163
87
51
94
82
47
94
63
67
80
35
75

572
288
326
388
547
655
491
368
562
552
445
523
477

168
127
187
145
138
194
131
197
111
117
126
144
149

96
28
1
12
2
(s)
1

870
904
764
831
875
891
971
1,071
1,029
882
712
682
874

6,751
6,501
6,304
6,208
6,387
6,769
6,407
6,495
6,203
5,860
5,953
6,088
6,327

2013 January ........................

103
79
123
97
198
192
185
241
262
95
133
105
151

3,456
3,457
3,037
3,208
2,854
2,885
3,014
3,082
3,086
3,218
3,130
3,296
3,142

351
366
479
465
389
356
588
375
314
384
308
293
389

1,068
978
677
973
885
846
930
912
839
878
1,014
1,030
919

121
121
122
76
88
74
69
85
61
83
78
90
89

48
10
57
40
30
80
68
36
56
114
53
54
54

328
454
454
584
554
519
456
572
459
555
325
265
460

116
95
111
131
180
198
192
163
149
160
124
146
147

632
612
733
795
931
896
1,011
882
890
711
685
648
786

6,223
6,172
5,793
6,369
6,110
6,045
6,511
6,348
6,116
6,197
5,850
5,926
6,138

2014 January ........................

126
181
72
100
136
143
157
214
141

3,437
3,211
3,205
3,169
3,265
3,237
3,281
3,433
3,281

373
320
382
334
247
210
202
336
300

1,030
864
871
748
803
777
753
798
831

105
105
90
110
127
15
32
61
80

36
88
70
72
39
30
55
44
54

202
365
424
405
352
274
405
394
353

140
68
131
170
179
97
118
84
124

500
552
614
809
918
781
871
673
716

5,950
5,754
5,860
5,916
6,067
5,565
5,874
6,037
5,881

2013 8-Month Average .......

2012 8-Month Average .......

153
284

3,121
2,991

422
453

908
1,021

94
115

46
83

490
455

149
161

814
898

6,196
6,477

a Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the
former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in
Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on Table 3.3c are included
on this table. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50

states and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19601972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.4

Petroleum Stocks

Overview, 19492013
2.0
Total

BIllion Barrels

1.5

1.0

Crude Oil

Petroleum Products

0.5

0.0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

SPR and Non-SPR Crude Oil Stocks, 19492013

SPR

Million Barrels

750

500

Non-SPR
250

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

Overview, Monthly

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Selected Products, Monthly

2.0

300
Total
250

Motor Gasoline

Million Barrels

Billion Barrels

1.5

Crude Oil
1.0

Petroleum Products

200
150
100

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuela
Propaneb

0.5
50

Residual Fuel Oil

0.0

0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D

2012
a

2013

2014

Includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.

Includes propylene.
Notes: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Stocks are at end of
b

J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S OND

2012

2013

2014

period.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Source: Table 3.4.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks

(Million Barrels)
Crude Oila
SPRc

Non-SPRd,e

LPGb
Totale

Distillate
Fuel Oilf

Jet
Fuelg

Propaneh

Total

Motor
Gasolinei

Residual
Fuel Oil

Otherj

Total

.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................

108
493
586
592
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
727
727
696

248
266
240
220
276
271
358
321
323
303
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
326
325
333
331

248
266
240
220
276
271
466
814
908
895
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
1,028
1,052
1,060
1,027

72
111
138
155
195
209
205
144
132
130
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
166
164
149

(g)
3
7
19
28
30
42
40
52
40
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
43
43
41

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
82
65
39
49
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
50
49
55

2
7
23
30
67
125
120
74
98
93
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
96
113
102
108
112

116
165
195
175
209
235
261
223
220
202
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
218
214
223
219
223

41
39
45
56
54
74
92
50
49
37
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
37
41
34

104
123
137
181
188
188
205
174
162
165
164
166
152
147
153
157
169
156
162
153
158
164

583
715
785
836
1,018
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
1,750

2012 January ................

696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
695
695
695
695

343
348
373
383
388
388
373
362
370
376
379
365

1,039
1,044
1,069
1,079
1,084
1,084
1,069
1,058
1,065
1,071
1,074
1,061

147
139
134
125
121
120
126
127
127
119
118
135

42
41
39
40
40
38
40
43
44
45
41
40

48
43
45
50
56
62
69
73
76
75
73
68

101
96
103
116
133
147
160
170
175
168
158
141

234
231
219
211
205
208
210
201
201
203
215
231

34
36
37
35
33
37
36
34
36
37
37
34

175
180
184
179
180
177
173
166
172
167
167
167

1,773
1,767
1,783
1,784
1,796
1,810
1,813
1,801
1,819
1,810
1,810
1,808

2013 January ................

696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696

377
385
393
396
392
377
368
366
373
382
374
357

1,073
1,081
1,089
1,092
1,088
1,073
1,064
1,062
1,069
1,078
1,070
1,053

131
122
119
119
122
122
126
129
129
118
121
128

40
40
40
41
41
40
39
39
41
39
37
37

56
47
41
41
47
55
60
65
68
63
56
45

121
108
103
111
127
143
154
168
172
159
139
114

234
227
225
221
221
224
222
218
220
214
217
228

36
38
37
40
39
38
38
35
36
36
36
38

176
174
180
183
178
178
175
171
166
166
170
163

1,811
1,790
1,793
1,808
1,817
1,819
1,818
1,823
1,833
1,810
1,789
1,761

2014 January ................

696
696
696
693
691
691
691
691
E 691
E 691

364
373
384
393
394
384
369
R 361
E 360
E 380

1,060
1,069
1,080
1,086
1,085
1,075
1,060
R 1,052
E 1,051
E 1,071

115
113
115
117
122
122
126
R 128
E 126
E 119

38
38
36
38
39
36
35
R 36
E 41
E 37

31
28
28
35
47
57
68
R 77
E 80
E 80

88
81
85
102
125
149
172
R 187
RF 190
F 185

236
228
221
216
218
219
217
R 212
E 209
E 202

37
37
36
36
38
37
36
R 38
E 36
E 37

170
177
180
184
182
176
172
R 170
RE 174
E 171

1,743
1,743
1,753
1,780
1,809
1,814
1,818
R 1,822
E 1,828
E 1,822

1950 Year
1955 Year
1960 Year
1965 Year
1970 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year

a Includes lease condensate.

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.

Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or
commercial storage agreements.
d All crude oil stocks other than those in SPR.
e Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
f Excludes stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. Beginning in
2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel
oil.
g Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 19522004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.").
h Includes propylene.
i Includes finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components;
excludes oxygenates. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special
naphthas.
j Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,

lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished

oils, waxes, miscellaneous products, oxygenates, renewable fuels, and other
hydrocarbons. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in
1964, also includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in
2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,
Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.5

Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Million Barrels per Day)

Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline, 19492013

Total Petroleum

12
Motor Gasolinea
6

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Selected Products,19492013
12

Motor Gasolinea
9

6
Residual Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel Oilb

3
Jet Fuelc
Propaned

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Selected Products, Monthly

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Total Petroleum, JanuaryOctober

Motor Gasolinea
9

18.524

18.907

18.973

2012

2013

2014

Distillate Fuel Oilb

3 Residual Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Propaned
0

0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2014
2013
a

Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
c
Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
b

d
Includes propylene.
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Source: Table 3.5.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Asphalt
and
Aviation
Road Oil Gasoline

LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Jet
Fuelc

Kerosene

Propaned

Total

Lubricants

Motor
Gasolinee

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oil

Otherf

Total

180
254
302
368
447
419
396
425
483
486
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
362
355

108
192
161
120
55
39
35
27
24
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
15

1,082
1,592
1,872
2,126
2,540
2,851
2,866
2,868
3,021
3,207
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
4,196
3,945
3,631
3,800
3,899

(c)
154
371
602
967
1,001
1,068
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
1,432
1,425

323
320
271
267
263
159
158
114
43
54
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14
18
20
12

NA
NA
NA
NA
776
783
754
883
917
1,096
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
1,235
1,154
1,160
1,160
1,153

234
404
621
841
1,224
1,333
1,469
1,599
1,556
1,899
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
2,085
1,954
2,051
2,173
2,204

106
116
117
129
136
137
159
145
164
156
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
142
131
118
131
125

2,616
3,463
3,969
4,593
5,785
6,675
6,579
6,831
7,235
7,789
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
9,286
8,989
8,997
8,993
8,753

41
67
149
202
212
247
237
264
339
365
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
464
427
376
361

1,517
1,526
1,529
1,608
2,204
2,462
2,508
1,202
1,229
852
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
723
622
511
535
461

250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
1,343
1,272

6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882

2012 January ....................

201
220
234
327
383
455
464
497
445
374
282
201
340

12
11
14
14
17
13
20
13
15
14
10
9
14

3,861
3,923
3,715
3,719
3,756
3,732
3,557
3,743
3,674
3,852
3,848
3,529
3,741

1,308
1,351
1,381
1,350
1,409
1,546
1,468
1,470
1,378
1,353
1,381
1,381
1,398

6
27
7
2
8
2
(s)
(s)
4
3
3
2
5

1,436
1,358
1,134
1,005
1,037
1,033
990
1,043
1,095
1,239
1,277
1,452
1,175

2,497
2,439
2,232
2,098
2,086
2,037
2,058
2,136
2,149
2,344
2,390
2,548
2,251

121
139
110
125
122
108
107
110
106
112
121
92
114

8,190
8,598
8,582
8,741
8,979
8,996
8,810
9,154
8,561
8,701
8,483
8,389
8,682

403
304
317
345
385
385
345
411
374
309
378
366
360

452
393
412
423
317
364
458
401
376
311
323
196
369

1,253
1,238
1,160
1,067
1,128
1,219
1,228
1,221
1,010
1,331
1,309
1,408
1,215

18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490

2013 January ....................

224
215
236
290
308
406
453
464
461
377
262
180
323

11
8
12
12
15
15
16
14
11
11
14
7
12

4,062
3,984
3,769
3,854
3,749
3,663
3,621
3,693
3,725
4,039
3,893
3,887
3,827

1,311
1,344
1,393
1,444
1,459
1,454
1,546
1,524
1,417
1,455
1,429
1,428
1,434

11
2
15
5
1
1
1
1
4
1
(s)
19
5

1,701
1,605
1,390
1,174
973
949
1,074
1,052
1,112
1,345
1,401
1,543
1,275

2,757
2,775
2,493
2,283
2,081
2,048
2,279
2,181
2,276
2,607
2,689
2,822
2,440

127
127
127
113
128
141
122
120
119
116
100
115
121

8,331
8,395
8,641
8,855
9,033
9,078
9,146
9,124
8,946
8,944
8,923
8,670
8,843

404
281
292
267
397
403
374
401
402
315
393
308
354

341
297
440
272
244
287
363
409
370
267
361
170
319

1,171
1,214
1,114
1,189
1,363
1,311
1,336
1,192
1,521
1,178
1,426
1,377
1,282

18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961

2014 January ....................

177
205
218
282
350
402
463
R 458
RF 446
F 388
E 340

10
7
12
11
14
11
17
R 14
RF 15
F 12
E 12

4,272
4,182
4,046
3,972
3,937
3,880
3,860
R 3,817
E 3,766
E 3,611
E 3,932

1,371
1,373
1,440
1,446
1,404
1,560
1,543
R 1,516
E 1,447
E 1,527
E 1,463

18
5
(s)
2
1
(s)
12
R3
RF 5
F6
E5

1,703
1,442
1,223
983
764
927
898
R 993
E 1,148
E 1,253
E 1,132

2,916
2,600
2,378
2,149
1,909
2,049
2,066
R 2,310
RF 2,367
F 2,523
E 2,325

108
117
137
115
132
101
135
R 132
RF 123
F 127
E 123

8,206
8,699
8,684
8,979
9,016
9,034
9,220
R 9,287
E 8,690
E 8,956
E 8,879

432
299
227
327
373
347
395
R 378
RF 376
F 333
E 349

269
207
216
276
235
261
239
R 213
E 246
E 230
E 239

1,143
1,301
1,168
1,225
1,145
1,189
1,212
R 1,147
RE 1,779
E 1,746
E 1,305

18,921
18,994
18,526
18,783
18,516
18,833
19,164
R 19,276
E 19,259
E 19,459
E 18,973

344
360

12
14

3,815
3,753

1,436
1,402

4
6

1,235
1,136

2,376
2,207

124
116

8,853
8,732

354
358

330
391

1,259
1,186

18,907
18,524

2013 10-Month Average

2012 10-Month Average

a Liquefied petroleum gases.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
c Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 19522004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.").
d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual
fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500

barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
unpublished revisions. 2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system,
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data
system calculations.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Total, 19492013
50

Quadrillion Btu

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share of Total Energy Consumption, 19492013

Percent

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

By Product, October 2014

1.6
1.449

Quadrillion Btu

1.2

0.8

0.652

0.4
0.080
0.0
Asphalt
and
Road Oil

0.002
Aviation

Gasoline Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel

Kerosene
b

a
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
b
Includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

0.024

0.001
Distillate

0.310

0.278

0.268

Liquefied

Petroleum
Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline

0.062

0.045

Petroleum

Residual

Coke

Fuel Oil

Other d

All petroleum products not separately displayed.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 1.1 and 3.6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Trillion Btu)
Asphalt
and
Aviation
Road Oil Gasoline

LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Jet
Fuelc

Kerosene

Propaned

Total

Lubricants

Motor
Gasolinee

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oil

Otherf

Total

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
878
859

199
354
298
222
100
71
64
50
45
40
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
27
27

2,300
3,385
3,992
4,519
5,401
6,061
6,110
6,098
6,422
6,818
7,935
8,179
8,028
8,349
8,652
8,755
8,864
8,921
8,411
7,720
8,080
8,289

(c)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,047
2,190
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
2,963
2,950

668
662
563
553
544
329
329
236
88
112
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
67
30
36
41
25

NA
NA
NA
NA
1,086
1,097
1,059
1,236
1,284
1,534
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
1,729
1,620
1,624
1,624
1,614

343
592
912
1,232
1,689
1,807
1,976
2,103
2,059
2,512
2,945
2,697
2,852
2,748
2,824
2,682
2,700
2,733
2,574
2,664
2,821
2,839

236
258
259
286
301
304
354
322
362
346
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
313
291
262
291
276

5,015
6,640
7,631
8,806
11,091
12,798
12,648
13,098
13,872
14,825
16,155
16,373
16,819
16,981
17,379
17,444
17,622
17,689
17,168
17,135
17,127
16,670

90
147
328
444
465
542
522
582
745
802
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,156
1,133
1,148
1,077
1,022
938
826
794

3,482
3,502
3,517
3,691
5,057
5,649
5,772
2,759
2,820
1,955
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
1,659
1,432
1,173
1,228
1,058

546
798
947
1,390
1,817
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
2,800
2,676

13,315
17,255
19,919
23,246
29,521
32,732
34,205
30,925
33,552
34,556
38,402
38,333
38,400
39,051
40,593
40,732
40,420
40,358
38,101
36,321
37,082
36,464

2012 January ..................

41
42
48
65
79
91
95
102
89
77
56
41
827

2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
25

697
663
671
650
678
652
642
676
642
696
672
637
7,977

230
222
243
230
248
263
258
258
234
238
235
243
2,901

1
4
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
11

171
151
135
116
123
119
118
124
126
147
147
173
1,649

274
252
245
222
228
214
223
233
227
258
255
282
2,912

23
24
21
23
23
20
20
21
19
21
22
17
254

1,325
1,301
1,388
1,369
1,453
1,408
1,425
1,481
1,340
1,408
1,328
1,357
16,584

75
53
59
62
72
70
64
77
68
58
68
68
794

88
72
80
80
62
69
89
78
71
61
61
38
849

221
208
208
184
200
212
219
217
176
236
226
252
2,558

2,978
2,843
2,967
2,886
3,046
3,000
3,040
3,145
2,869
3,054
2,926
2,937
35,691

2013 January ..................

46
40
48
58
63
81
93
95
92
78
52
37
783

2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
22

733
650
681
674
677
640
654
667
651
729
680
702
8,138

230
213
245
246
256
247
272
268
241
256
243
251
2,969

2
(s)
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
3
11

202
172
165
135
116
109
128
125
128
160
161
183
1,785

306
279
277
244
228
217
251
239
240
287
287
312
3,167

24
22
24
21
24
26
23
23
22
22
18
22
268

1,348
1,227
1,398
1,387
1,462
1,422
1,480
1,476
1,401
1,447
1,397
1,403
16,849

75
47
54
48
74
73
70
75
73
59
71
58
778

66
52
86
51
47
54
71
80
70
52
68
33
731

208
196
197
204
241
223
241
212
258
211
243
244
2,677

3,042
2,728
3,015
2,935
3,076
2,985
3,156
3,137
3,049
3,143
3,063
3,065
36,392

2014 January ..................

36
38
45
56
72
80
95
R 94
RF 89
F 80
E 686

2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
F2
F2
E 19

771
682
731
694
711
678
697
R 689
E 658
E 652
E 6,963

241
218
253
246
247
265
271
R 266
E 246
E 268
E 2,522

3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
R (s)
F1
F1
E9

203
155
145
113
91
107
107
R 118
E 132
E 149
E 1,320

325
260
261
228
207
215
223
R 250
RF 253
F 278
E 2,499

20
20
26
21
25
18
25
R 25
F 22
F 24
E 226

1,328
1,271
1,405
1,406
1,459
1,415
1,492
R 1,503
E 1,361
E 1,449
E 14,089

81
50
42
59
70
63
74
R 71
RF 68
F 62
E 639

52
37
42
52
46
49
47
R 42
E 46
E 45
E 458

206
210
210
214
207
204
215
R 205
RE 292
E 310
E 2,272

3,065
2,788
3,017
2,978
3,045
2,989
3,145
R 3,148
E 3,038
E 3,172
E 30,383

2013 10-Month Total .....

2012 10-Month Total .....

694
729

19
22

6,755
6,667

2,474
2,424

7
10

1,441
1,330

2,568
2,376

229
214

14,048
13,899

649
658

630
749

2,190
2,080

30,265
29,829

a Liquefied petroleum gases.

Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5
trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.7

Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 19492013
16

Million Barrels per Day

Transportation

8
Industriala
4
Residential and Commerciala
Electric Power

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Sector, August 2014

Million Barrels per Day

13.895
12

4.610
4

0.429

0.231

0.112

0
Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Transportation

Electric Power

Sector Shares, 1949 and 2013

1949

2013

80
70

Percent

40
28

20
10

0
Residential

Commercial

a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.

Industrial

Transportation

Electric Power

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.

Sources: Tables 3.7a3.7c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.7a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Commercial Sectora

Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

Kerosene

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Total

Distillate
Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Motor
Gasolineb

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

390
562
736
805
883
850
617
514
460
426
424
427
404
438
433
402
335
342
354
276
266
248

168
179
171
161
144
78
51
77
31
36
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
13
14
9

104
144
217
275
392
365
222
224
252
282
395
375
384
389
364
366
318
345
394
391
379
362

662
885
1,123
1,242
1,419
1,293
890
815
742
743
865
849
817
861
839
809
685
708
758
680
659
619

123
177
232
251
276
276
243
297
252
225
230
239
209
233
221
210
189
181
181
187
185
186

23
24
23
26
30
24
20
16
6
11
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
2
2
2

28
38
58
74
102
92
63
68
73
78
107
102
101
112
108
94
88
87
113
99
100
105

52
69
35
40
45
46
56
50
58
10
23
20
24
32
23
24
26
32
24
28
28
24

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

185
209
243
281
311
214
245
99
100
62
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
33
31
31
27
23

411
519
590
672
764
653
626
530
489
385
415
406
376
434
416
389
343
337
351
348
343
339

2012 January ......................

380
319
259
190
188
195
182
228
184
163
215
238
228

4
19
5
1
6
1
(s)
(s)
3
2
2
2
4

317
310
284
267
265
259
262
271
273
298
304
324
286

701
648
548
458
459
455
443
500
460
463
521
564
518

280
235
191
140
138
143
134
168
135
120
158
176
168

1
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

109
106
97
91
91
89
90
93
94
102
104
111
98

22
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
23
23
23
23
23

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

23
19
15
11
11
12
11
14
11
10
13
14
14

434
387
328
266
266
268
258
300
264
256
299
324
304

2013 January ......................

434
446
350
271
171
125
122
158
178
128
201
240
234

8
2
11
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
(s)
14
4

350
353
317
290
264
260
290
277
289
331
342
359
310

792
800
677
564
437
386
412
435
470
460
543
612
548

320
328
257
200
126
92
90
116
131
94
148
177
172

1
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1

120
121
109
99
91
89
99
95
99
114
117
123
106

22
23
23
24
24
24
25
25
24
24
24
23
24

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

22
22
17
14
9
6
6
8
9
6
10
12
12

485
494
409
337
250
212
220
244
264
238
299
337
315

2014 January ......................

272
334
270
135
177
157
127
133
200

13
4
(s)
1
1
(s)
8
2
4

370
330
302
273
243
260
263
294
292

655
668
572
410
420
418
398
429
495

200
246
199
100
130
116
94
98
147

2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1

127
113
104
94
83
89
90
101
100

22
23
23
24
24
24
25
25
24

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
(s)
(s)
(s)

14
17
13
7
9
8
6
7
10

365
400
340
225
247
237
216
231
282

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

258
242

3
4

300
279

561
526

190
178

1
1

103
96

24
24

(s)
(s)

13
14

330
313

a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500
barrels per day.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term

"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products

Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.7b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

Distillate
Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Lubricants

Motor
Gasolineb

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oil

Otherc

Total

180
254
302
368
447
419
396
425
483
486
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
362
355

328
466
476
541
577
630
621
526
541
532
563
611
566
551
570
594
594
595
637
509
547
586

132
116
78
80
89
58
87
21
6
7
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
6
2
2
4
2

100
212
333
470
699
844
1,172
1,285
1,215
1,527
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,560
1,646
1,549
1,627
1,637
1,419
1,541
1,673
1,714

43
47
48
62
70
68
82
75
84
80
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
73
67
61
68
64

131
173
198
179
150
116
82
114
97
105
79
155
163
171
195
187
198
161
131
128
140
138

41
67
149
202
203
246
234
261
325
328
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
412
394
363
310
295

617
686
689
689
708
658
586
326
179
147
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
84
84
57
52
59

250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
1,343
1,272

1,822
2,387
2,708
3,247
3,808
4,038
4,842
4,065
4,304
4,594
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,918
5,222
5,100
5,193
5,056
4,559
4,272
4,500
4,484

2012 January ......................

201
220
234
327
383
455
464
497
445
374
282
201
340

721
808
631
619
598
513
393
454
552
699
722
524
602

1
5
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
1

2,041
1,994
1,825
1,715
1,705
1,665
1,683
1,746
1,757
1,917
1,954
2,084
1,841

62
71
57
64
63
55
55
56
55
58
62
47
59

122
128
128
130
134
134
131
136
127
129
126
125
129

338
250
288
317
351
347
304
368
332
272
338
327
319

38
33
35
36
27
28
36
33
31
27
27
15
30

1,253
1,238
1,160
1,067
1,128
1,219
1,228
1,221
1,010
1,331
1,309
1,408
1,215

4,777
4,747
4,358
4,275
4,389
4,417
4,293
4,510
4,310
4,808
4,821
4,731
4,536

2013 January ......................

224
215
236
290
308
406
453
464
461
377
262
180
323

756
625
531
581
577
513
461
464
555
826
734
717
612

2
(s)
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
4
1

2,254
2,269
2,038
1,866
1,702
1,675
1,863
1,784
1,861
2,132
2,199
2,308
1,995

65
65
65
58
66
73
63
62
61
60
51
59
62

124
125
129
132
134
135
136
136
133
133
133
129
132

350
229
241
219
331
333
306
331
336
256
345
251
294

27
24
36
22
20
24
29
34
30
22
30
13
26

1,171
1,214
1,114
1,189
1,363
1,311
1,336
1,192
1,521
1,178
1,426
1,377
1,282

4,973
4,766
4,392
4,358
4,502
4,470
4,647
4,466
4,959
4,984
5,179
5,037
4,727

2014 January ......................

177
205
218
282
350
402
463
458
321

992
863
782
810
693
617
618
571
742

3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
1

2,384
2,126
1,944
1,757
1,561
1,675
1,690
1,889
1,877

55
60
71
59
68
52
70
68
63

122
129
129
134
134
134
137
138
132

365
238
162
281
316
285
340
322
289

18
16
16
23
19
22
19
17
19

1,143
1,301
1,168
1,225
1,145
1,189
1,212
1,147
1,190

5,260
4,940
4,490
4,571
4,286
4,377
4,551
4,610
4,633

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

325
348

563
590

1
1

1,929
1,796

65
60

131
130

293
321

27
33

1,237
1,189

4,571
4,470

a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual
fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
(s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.

Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.7c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Electric Power Sectora

Transportation Sector
Aviation
Gasoline

Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Jet
Fuelc

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Lubricants

Motor
Gasolined

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

Distillate
Fuel Oile

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oilf

Total

108
192
161
120
55
39
35
27
24
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
15

226
372
418
514
738
998
1,311
1,491
1,722
1,973
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,629
2,783
2,858
3,017
3,037
2,738
2,626
2,764
2,849

2
9
13
23
32
31
13
21
16
13
8
10
10
13
14
20
20
16
29
20
21
24

64
70
68
67
66
70
77
71
80
76
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
69
64
57
64
61

2,433
3,221
3,736
4,374
5,589
6,512
6,441
6,667
7,080
7,674
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
8,887
8,948
9,029
9,093
8,834
8,841
8,824
8,591

524
440
367
336
332
310
608
342
443
397
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
433
402
344
389
338

3,356
4,458
5,135
6,036
7,778
8,951
9,546
9,838
10,888
11,668
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,286
13,720
13,957
14,178
14,287
13,621
13,297
13,508
13,303

15
15
10
14
66
107
79
40
45
51
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
42
34
33
38
30

NA
NA
NA
NA
9
1
2
3
14
37
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
78
70
63
65
66

192
191
231
302
853
1,280
1,069
435
507
247
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
173
104
79
67
41

207
206
241
316
928
1,388
1,151
478
566
334
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
293
209
175
170
137

2012 January ......................

12
11
14
14
17
13
20
13
15
14
10
9
14

2,454
2,538
2,614
2,748
2,804
2,852
2,818
2,869
2,782
2,848
2,728
2,564
2,719

1,308
1,351
1,381
1,350
1,409
1,546
1,468
1,470
1,378
1,353
1,381
1,381
1,398

29
29
26
25
25
24
24
25
25
28
28
30
27

59
67
54
61
59
52
52
53
52
55
59
45
56

8,047
8,447
8,431
8,587
8,821
8,838
8,656
8,993
8,410
8,548
8,334
8,241
8,530

357
314
333
348
251
279
359
317
305
243
255
138
291

12,267
12,757
12,853
13,133
13,385
13,605
13,397
13,741
12,966
13,088
12,795
12,408
13,034

27
23
20
23
28
29
30
24
21
22
24
27
25

65
55
29
28
34
38
41
43
42
37
40
38
41

34
27
29
28
28
45
52
38
29
31
28
28
33

126
105
77
79
91
112
123
105
92
90
92
93
99

2013 January ......................

11
8
12
12
15
15
16
14
11
11
14
7
12

2,519
2,561
2,610
2,781
2,848
2,910
2,914
2,934
2,839
2,972
2,787
2,721
2,784

1,311
1,344
1,393
1,444
1,459
1,454
1,546
1,524
1,417
1,455
1,429
1,428
1,434

32
33
29
27
25
24
27
26
27
31
32
33
29

62
62
62
55
62
69
59
59
58
56
48
56
59

8,185
8,248
8,489
8,700
8,875
8,918
8,985
8,964
8,789
8,787
8,766
8,517
8,688

242
214
358
207
187
225
280
334
302
211
295
106
247

12,363
12,470
12,953
13,225
13,471
13,614
13,828
13,854
13,442
13,524
13,371
12,868
13,253

32
24
21
22
26
22
34
22
22
19
24
32
25

54
52
51
49
66
70
68
70
66
59
48
57
59

50
37
28
29
28
32
48
33
30
28
27
39
34

136
113
100
99
120
124
150
125
117
106
99
128
118

2014 January ......................

10
7
12
11
14
11
17
14
12

2,649
2,692
2,748
2,907
2,912
2,967
3,001
2,992
2,860

1,371
1,373
1,440
1,446
1,404
1,560
1,543
1,516
1,457

34
31
28
25
23
24
24
27
27

52
57
67
56
64
49
66
64
59

8,062
8,546
8,532
8,821
8,857
8,875
9,058
9,124
8,736

100
119
130
218
183
205
182
157
162

12,278
12,824
12,956
13,484
13,457
13,691
13,891
13,895
13,313

159
46
47
19
25
22
21
22
45

67
60
64
46
58
62
55
56
58

138
55
57
28
24
27
32
34
49

363
162
168
93
106
111
108
112
153

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

13
14

2,762
2,713

1,435
1,411

28
26

61
57

8,675
8,603

257
320

13,230
13,144

25
25

60
41

36
35

121
102

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
c Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 19522004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.7b.)
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
no. 4.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5.
Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note
1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 19492013

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commerciala Sectors, Selected Products
3

2
Distillate Fuel Oil
1
Residual Fuel Oil
LPGb
Kerosene
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Industriala Sector, Selected Products

LPGb
2
Distillate Fuel Oil

1
Asphalt and
Road Oil
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

Transportation Sector, Selected Products

Motor Gasolinec

Distillate Fuel Oild

Jet Fuele

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
b
Liquefied petroleum gases.
c
Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodie-

1985

1990

1995

sel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 3.8a3.8c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commerciala Sectors, Selected Products
0.20

0.15

Distillate Fuel Oil

0.10

0.05

LPGb
Residual Fuel Oil

0.00
J

F M A M J J A S O N D
2012

F M A M J J A S O N D
2013

F M A M J J A S O N D
2014

Industriala Sector, Selected Products

0.3
LPGb
0.2

Distillate Fuel Oil

0.1

Asphalt and Road Oil

0.0
J

F M A M J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M J J
2013

S O N D

F M A M J J A
2014

S O N D

F M A M J J A
2014

S O N D

Transportation Sector, Selected Products

1.8
Motor Gasolinec
1.2

Distillate Fuel Oild

0.6

Jet Fuele
0.0
J

F M A M J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M J J A
2013

a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
b
Liquefied petroleum gases.
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into

S O N D

distillate fuel oil.

e
Includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 3.8a3.8c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora

Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Kerosene

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Total

Distillate
Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Motor
Gasolineb

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................

829
1,194
1,568
1,713
1,878
1,807
1,316
1,092
978
905
905
908
860
932
924
854
712
726
756
587
566
527

347
371
354
334
298
161
107
159
64
74
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
44
21
28
29
19

146
202
305
385
549
512
311
314
352
395
555
526
537
544
512
513
446
484
553
547
530
506

1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,374
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,547
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,330
1,161
1,125
1,052

262
377
494
534
587
587
518
631
536
479
491
508
444
496
470
447
401
384
387
398
394
395

47
51
48
54
61
49
41
33
12
22
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
4
4
5
3

39
54
81
103
143
129
88
95
102
109
150
143
141
157
152
131
123
121
158
139
140
146

100
133
67
77
86
89
107
96
111
18
45
37
45
60
45
46
49
61
46
53
53
45

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

424
480
559
645
714
492
565
228
230
141
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
75
71
71
62
54

872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
807
790
726
843
810
762
664
651
666
666
655
644

2012 January ....................

69
54
47
33
34
34
33
41
32
29
38
43
487

1
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
8

38
34
34
31
32
30
31
32
31
35
35
39
402

107
92
81
64
66
64
64
74
64
65
73
82
896

50
40
34
24
25
25
24
30
24
22
28
32
358

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

13
12
12
11
11
10
11
11
11
12
12
13
138

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

4
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
31

72
59
53
41
42
41
41
48
40
40
46
51
574

2013 January ....................

78
73
63
47
31
22
22
28
31
23
35
43
497

1
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
8

42
38
38
33
31
30
34
33
33
39
39
43
434

121
111
103
81
63
52
57
62
65
63
74
88
939

58
54
46
35
23
16
16
21
23
17
26
32
366

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

14
13
13
11
11
10
12
11
11
13
13
15
149

4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

4
4
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
27

80
74
67
53
39
31
33
38
40
36
45
53
589

2014 January ....................

49
55
49
24
32
28
23
24
283

2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
5

44
35
36
31
29
30
31
35
272

95
91
85
55
61
57
56
59
559

36
40
36
17
24
20
17
18
208

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

15
12
12
11
10
10
11
12
93

4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
30

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
(s)
(s)
(s)

3
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
15

58
59
55
33
39
36
33
35
348

2013 8-Month Total .........

2012 8-Month Total .........

365
344

5
6

279
261

649
612

269
254

1
1

96
90

30
30

(s)
(s)

20
22

415
397

a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption

and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.

See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil

Distillate
Fuel Oil

........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................

435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
878
859

698
991
1,016
1,150
1,226
1,339
1,324
1,119
1,150
1,131
1,200
1,300
1,204
1,171
1,214
1,264
1,263
1,265
1,359
1,081
1,163
1,246

274
241
161
165
185
119
181
44
12
15
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
13
4
4
7
4

156
323
507
712
953
1,123
1,559
1,664
1,582
1,990
2,228
2,014
2,160
2,028
2,141
2,009
2,104
2,106
1,823
1,950
2,121
2,152

94
103
107
137
155
149
182
166
186
178
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
161
150
135
149
142

251
332
381
342
288
223
158
218
185
200
150
295
309
324
372
356
376
306
250
244
267
262

2012 January ....................

41
42
48
65
79
91
95
102
89
77
56
41
827

130
136
114
108
108
90
71
82
97
126
126
95
1,283

(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

220
203
197
178
183
171
178
186
182
207
204
226
2,335

12
13
11
12
12
10
10
11
10
11
11
9
130

2013 January ....................

46
40
48
58
63
81
93
95
92
78
52
37
783

137
102
96
102
104
90
83
84
97
149
128
129
1,301

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2

247
225
223
196
183
174
201
192
192
231
231
251
2,544

2014 January ....................

36
38
45
56
72
80
95
94
517

179
141
141
142
125
108
112
103
1,050

1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

2013 8-Month Total .........

2012 8-Month Total .........

525
564

797
839

1
2

Kerosene

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Residual
Fuel Oil

Otherc

Total

90
147
328
444
446
540
516
575
714
721
796
858
842
825
934
889
934
906
868
799
682
648

1,416
1,573
1,584
1,582
1,624
1,509
1,349
748
411
337
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
193
194
130
120
135

546
798
947
1,390
1,817
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
2,800
2,676

3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,588
9,076
9,181
9,171
9,235
9,831
9,640
9,780
9,461
8,600
7,827
8,188
8,125

20
19
21
20
22
21
21
22
20
21
20
20
247

63
44
54
57
66
63
57
69
60
51
61
61
704

7
6
7
7
5
5
7
6
6
5
5
3
70

221
208
208
184
200
212
219
217
176
236
226
252
2,558

715
671
659
631
674
662
659
695
638
734
710
707
8,156

12
11
12
11
12
13
12
12
11
11
9
11
138

20
18
21
21
22
21
22
22
21
22
21
21
251

65
39
45
40
62
60
57
62
61
48
62
47
647

5
4
7
4
4
4
6
7
6
4
6
3
59

208
196
197
204
241
223
241
212
258
211
243
244
2,677

740
635
650
635
691
667
715
685
737
753
752
743
8,402

261
209
210
183
165
172
178
200
1,578

10
10
13
11
13
9
13
13
93

20
19
21
21
22
21
22
22
168

68
40
30
51
59
51
64
60
424

3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
29

206
210
210
214
207
204
215
205
1,670

785
670
673
681
666
650
703
701
5,530

1,640
1,516

95
89

167
166

429
471

41
51

1,721
1,669

5,417
5,367

a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual
fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.

Lubricants

Motor
Gasolineb

Petroleum
Coke

Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 3.8c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sectora

Transportation Sector
Aviation
Gasoline

Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Jet
Fuelc

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases

Lubricants

Motor
Gasolined

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

Distillate
Fuel Oile

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oilf

Total

........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................

199
354
298
222
100
71
64
50
45
40
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
27
27

480
791
892
1,093
1,569
2,121
2,795
3,170
3,661
4,195
5,165
5,292
5,392
5,590
5,932
6,076
6,414
6,457
5,837
5,584
5,876
6,057

(c)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,029
2,179
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
2,963
2,950

3
13
19
32
44
43
18
30
23
18
12
14
14
18
19
28
27
22
40
28
29
34

141
155
152
149
147
155
172
156
176
168
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
152
141
127
141
134

4,664
6,175
7,183
8,386
10,716
12,485
12,383
12,784
13,575
14,607
15,960
16,041
16,465
16,597
16,962
17,043
17,197
17,321
16,872
16,838
16,807
16,363

1,201
1,009
844
770
761
711
1,398
786
1,016
911
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
994
926
791
892
776

6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
23,070
25,820
25,557
26,085
26,222
27,219
27,645
28,105
28,335
27,038
26,277
26,736
26,341

32
32
22
29
141
226
169
85
97
108
175
171
127
161
111
115
74
89
73
70
80
64

NA
NA
NA
NA
19
2
5
7
30
81
99
103
175
175
222
243
214
171
154
139
144
146

440
439
530
693
1,958
2,937
2,459
998
1,163
566
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
397
240
181
154
93

472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
303

2012 January ....................

2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
25

443
429
472
480
506
498
509
518
486
514
477
463
5,796

230
222
243
230
248
263
258
258
234
238
235
243
2,901

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
37

11
12
10
11
11
10
10
10
9
10
11
8
123

1,302
1,278
1,364
1,344
1,427
1,384
1,400
1,455
1,317
1,383
1,305
1,333
16,293

70
57
65
66
49
53
70
62
57
47
48
27
671

2,061
2,003
2,159
2,136
2,247
2,212
2,253
2,308
2,109
2,198
2,080
2,079
25,847

5
4
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
53

12
10
5
5
6
7
8
8
8
7
7
7
90

7
5
6
5
6
9
10
7
6
6
5
6
77

24
18
15
14
17
20
23
20
17
17
17
18
219

2013 January ....................

2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
22

455
418
471
486
514
508
526
530
496
537
487
491
5,920

230
213
245
246
256
247
272
268
241
256
243
251
2,969

4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
40

12
11
12
10
12
12
11
11
11
11
9
10
130

1,324
1,206
1,374
1,362
1,436
1,397
1,454
1,451
1,376
1,422
1,373
1,378
16,553

47
38
70
39
36
42
55
65
57
41
56
21
567

2,074
1,889
2,177
2,148
2,260
2,212
2,323
2,330
2,186
2,272
2,173
2,157
26,201

6
4
4
4
5
4
6
4
4
3
4
6
53

10
9
9
9
12
13
13
13
12
11
9
11
130

10
6
6
6
5
6
9
6
6
5
5
8
78

26
19
19
18
23
22
28
24
21
20
18
24
262

2014 January ....................

2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
15

478
439
496
508
526
518
542
540
4,048

241
218
253
246
247
265
271
266
2,008

4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
25

10
10
13
10
12
9
12
12
88

1,305
1,249
1,381
1,381
1,433
1,390
1,466
1,476
11,081

19
21
25
41
36
39
35
31
247

2,059
1,941
2,173
2,191
2,258
2,226
2,332
2,331
17,512

29
7
8
3
4
4
4
4
64

12
10
12
8
11
11
10
10
86

27
10
11
5
5
5
6
7
75

68
27
32
17
20
20
20
21
225

2013 8-Month Total .........

2012 8-Month Total .........

16
18

3,909
3,856

1,978
1,952

26
24

90
84

11,003
10,955

392
491

17,414
17,380

36
36

88
61

55
54

178
151

1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
c Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 19522004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.8b.)
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of

petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
no. 4.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total heat content of
petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum
products supplied in Table 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of
petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption"
in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption. Total petroleum products supplied is the
sum of the products supplied for each petroleum product,
crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each of these except crude oil, product supplied
is calculated by adding refinery production, natural gas
plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,
imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock
additions, refinery inputs, and exports. Crude oil product
supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at
pipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813,
Monthly Crude Oil Report. Prior to 1983, crude oil
burned on leases and used at pipeline pump stations was
reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was
included as product supplied for these products. Petroleum product supplied (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6) is an
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term Petroleum Consumption in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
Note 2. Petroleum Survey Respondents. The U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses a number of
sources and methods to maintain the survey respondent lists.
On a regular basis, survey managers review such industry
publications as the Oil & Gas Journal and Oil Daily for
information on facilities or companies starting up or closing
down operations. Those sources are augmented by articles
in newspapers, communications from respondents indicating
changes in status, and information received from survey
systems.
To supplement routine frames maintenance and to provide
more thorough coverage, a comprehensive frames investigation is conducted every 3 years. This investigation results in
the reassessment and recompilation of the complete frame
for each survey. The effort also includes the evaluation of
the impact of potential frame changes on the historical time
series of data from these respondents. The results of this
frame study are usually implemented in January to provide a
full year under the same frame.
Note 3. Historical Petroleum Data. Detailed information
on petroleum data through 1993 can be found in Notes 16
on pages 60 and 61 in the July 2013 Monthly Energy Review
(MER) at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/archive/00351307.pdf.

The notes discuss:

Note 1, Petroleum Survey Respondents: In 1993, EIA
added numerous companies that produce, blend, store, or
import oxygenates to the monthly surveys.
Note 2, Motor Gasoline: In 1981, EIA expanded its
universe to include nonrefinery blenders and separated
blending components from finished motor gasoline as a
reporting category. In 1993, EIA made adjustments to
finished motor gasoline product supplied data to more
accurately account for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline
blending components blended into finished motor gasoline.

Note 3, Distillate and Residual Fuel Oils: In 1981, EIA

eliminated the requirement to report crude oil in pipelines or
burned on leases as either distillate or residual fuel oil.
Note 4, Petroleum New Stock Basis: In 1975, 1979,
1981, and 1983, EIA added numerous respondents to bulk
terminal and pipeline surveys; in 1984, EIA made changes
in the reporting of natural gas liquids; and in 1993, EIA
changed how it collected bulk terminal and pipeline stocks
of oxygenates. These changes affected stocks reported and
stock change calculations.
Note 5, Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil: In 1981, EIA began
to include data for stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
Note 6, Petroleum Data Discrepancies: In 1976, 1978,
and 1979, there are some small discrepancies between data
in the MER and the Petroleum Supply Annual.

Table 3.1 Sources

19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19761980:
U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports.
19812001: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual
reports.
2002 forward: EIA, PSA, annual reports, and unpublished
revisions; Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
revisions to crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments (based on crude oil production data from: state
government agencies; U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and
predecessor agencies; and Form EIA-182, Domestic Crude
Oil First Purchase Report); and, for the current two
months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.

Table 3.6 Sources

Asphalt and Road Oil, Aviation Gasoline, Distillate Fuel
Oil, Kerosene, Propane, Lubricants, Petroleum Coke,
and Residual Fuel Oil
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for these
petroleum products are from Table 3.5, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content
factors in Table A1.
Jet Fuel
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for
kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004, naphtha-type jet
fuel are from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Petroleum Supply
Monthly (PSM), and earlier publications (see sources for
Table 3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.
Total jet fuel product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Total

Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for the component products of
LPG
(ethane/ethylene,
propane/propylene,
normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) are from the
PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table
3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying
by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1. Total
LPG product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu
for the LPG component products.
For the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total LPG are from Table 3.5,
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the LPG
heat content factors in Table A3.
Motor Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for motor
gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu
by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in
Table A3.
Other Petroleum Products
Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for other petroleum products
are from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see
sources for Table 3.5). Other petroleum products
include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special
naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products; beginning in 1981, also includes negative
barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both
primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline
blending components; beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel; and beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. These data are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat
content factors in MER Table A1. Total Other petroleum product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for the individual products.
For the current two months, total Other petroleum
products supplied is calculated by first estimating total
petroleum products supplied (product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total petroleum from Table 3.5
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total
petroleum consumption heat content factor in Table A3),
and then subtracting data in trillion Btu (from Table 3.6) for
asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet
fuel, kerosene, total LPG, lubricants, motor gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil.
Total Petroleum
Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the products (except Propane) shown in
Table 3.6.

Tables 3.7a3.7c Sources

Petroleum consumption data for 19491972 are from the
following sources:
19491959: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.
19601972: EIA, State Energy Data System.
Petroleum consumption data beginning in 1973 are derived
from data for petroleum products supplied from the
following sources:
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports.
19761980: EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports.
19812013: EIA, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual
reports, and unpublished revisions.
2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Beginning in 1973, energy-use allocation procedures by
individual product are as follows:
Asphalt and Road Oil
All consumption of asphalt and road oil is assigned to the
industrial sector.
Aviation Gasoline
All consumption of aviation gasoline is assigned to the
transportation sector.
Distillate Fuel Oil
Distillate fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power
Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum (minus small amounts of kerosene
and kerosene-type jet fuel deliveries) consumed in gas
turbine and internal combustion plants. For 19802000,
electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed
to be the amount of light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, plus
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel) consumed.
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Annually
The aggregate end-use amount is total distillate fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric power
sector. The end-use total consumed annually is allocated to
the individual end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-0535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year are

based on the most recent Sales report.
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:
Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is
directly from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's
sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including
farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is
directly from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's
sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm)
in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the
sum of the sales for industrial, farm, oil company,
off-highway diesel, and all other uses. Through 1978,
each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial
category is split into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares,
and this estimated industrial portion is added to oil
company, off-highway diesel, and all other uses.
The transportation sector sales total is the sum of the sales
for railroad, vessel bunkering, on-highway diesel, and
military uses for all years.
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Monthly
Residential sector and commercial sector monthly
consumption is estimated by allocating the annual
estimates, which are described above, into the months in
proportion to each month's share of the year's sales of
No. 2 heating oil. (For each month of the current year,
the residential and commercial consumption increase
from the same month in the previous year is based on the
percent increase in that months No. 2 heating oil sales
from the same month in the previous year.) The years
No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following
sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly
Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the
American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating
Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum
Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users
and for Resale.
The transportation highway use portion is allocated into
the months in proportion to each month's share of the
year's total sales for highway use as reported by the
Federal Highway Administration's Table MF-25,
"Private and Commercial Highway Use of Special Fuels
by Months." Beginning in 1994, the sales-for-highwayuse data are no longer available as a monthly series; the
1993 data are used for allocating succeeding year's totals
into months.

A distillate fuel oil balance is calculated as total distillate

fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector, residential sector, commercial sector, and for
highway use.
Industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months distillate fuel oil balance by the
annual industrial consumption share of the annual distillate
fuel oil balance.
Total transportation sector monthly consumption is
estimated as total distillate fuel oil supplied minus the
amount consumed by the residential, commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
Jet Fuel
Through 1982, small amounts of kerosene-type jet fuel were
consumed by the electric power sector. Kerosene-type jet
fuel deliveries to the electric power sector as reported on
Form FERC-423 (formerly Form FPC-423) were used as
estimates of this consumption. Through 2004, all remaining
jet fuel (kerosene-type and naphtha-type) is assigned to the
transportation sector. Beginning in 2005, kerosene-type jet
fuel is assigned to the transportation sector, while naphthatype jet fuel is classified under Other Petroleum Products,
which is assigned to the industrial sector.
Kerosene
Kerosene product supplied is allocated to the individual
end-use sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial)
in proportion to each sectors share of sales as reported in
EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series
(DOE/EIA-0535), which is based primarily on data
collected by Form EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales Report (previously Form EIA-172).
Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is
directly from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's
sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is
directly from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's
sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the
sum of the sales for industrial, farm, and all other uses.
Through 1978, each year's sales category called "heating" is
allocated to the residential, commercial and industrial
sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares, and the estimated
industrial (including farm) portion is added to all other uses.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
The annual shares of LPG's total consumption that are
estimated to be used by each sector are applied to each
month's total LPG consumption to create monthly sector

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

consumption estimates. The annual sector shares are

calculated as described below.
Sales of LPG to the residential and commercial sectors
combined are converted from thousand gallons per year to
thousand barrels per year and are assumed to be the
annual consumption of LPG by the combined sectors.
Beginning in 2003, residential sector LPG consumption
is assumed to equal propane retail sales, with the remainder of the combined residential and commercial LPG
consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
Through 2002, residential sector LPG consumption is based
on the average of the state residential shares for 20032008,
with the remainder of the combined residential and commercial
LPG consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
The quantity of LPG sold each year for consumption in
internal combustion engines is allocated between the transportation and industrial sectors on the basis of data for
special fuels used on highways published by the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, in Highway Statistics. The allocations of LPG sold
for internal combustion engine use to the transportation
sector range from a low of 20 percent (in 2001) to a high of
80 percent (in 2008).
LPG consumed annually by the industrial sector is estimated
as the difference between LPG total product supplied and
the sum of the estimated LPG consumption by the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. The industrial
sector LPG consumption includes LPG used by chemical
plants as raw materials or solvents and used in the production of synthetic rubber; refinery fuel use; use as synthetic
natural gas feedstock and use in secondary recovery
projects; all farm use; LPG sold to gas utility companies for
distribution through the mains; and a portion of the use of
LPG as an internal combustion engine fuel.
Sources of the annual sales data for creating annual energy
shares are:
19731982: EIA's "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases
and Ethane" reports, based primarily on data collected by
Form EIA-174, Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases.
1983: End-use consumption estimates for 1983 are based
on 1982 end-use consumption because the collection of data
under Form EIA-174 was discontinued after data year 1982.
1984 forward: American Petroleum Institute (API), "Sales
of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,"
which is based on an LPG sales survey jointly sponsored
by API, the Gas Processors Association, and the National
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association. EIA adjusts the data
to remove quantities of pentanes plus and to estimate
withheld values.
Lubricants
The consumption of lubricants is allocated to the industrial
and transportation sectors for all months according to proportions developed from annual sales of lubricants to the two
64

sectors from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the

Census, Current Industrial Reports, "Sales of Lubricating and
Industrial Oils and Greases." The 1973 shares are applied to
1973 and 1974; the 1975 shares are applied to 1975 and 1976;
and the 1977 shares are applied to 1977 forward.
Motor Gasoline
The total monthly consumption of motor gasoline is
allocated to the sectors in proportion to aggregations of
annual sales categories created on the basis of the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Tables MF-21, MF-24, and
MF-25, as follows:
Commercial sales are the sum of sales for public
non-highway use and miscellaneous and unclassified uses.
Industrial sales are the sum of sales for agriculture,
construction, and industrial and commercial use as classified in the Highway Statistics.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use
(minus the sales of special fuels, which are primarily diesel
fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of
distillate fuel) and sales for marine use.
Petroleum Coke
Portions of petroleum coke are consumed by the electric
power sector (see sources for Table 7.4b) and the commercial
sector (see sources for Table 7.4c). The remaining petroleum
coke is assigned to the industrial sector.
Residual Fuel Oil
Residual fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power
Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of residual fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum consumed in steam-electric power
plants. For 19802000, electric utility consumption of
residual fuel oil is assumed to be the amount of heavy oil
(fuel oil nos. 4, 5, and 6) consumed.
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Annually
The aggregate end-use amount is total residual fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector. The end-use total consumed annually is
allocated to the individual end-use sectors (commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIAs Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year
are based on the most recent Sales report.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:

Beginning in 1979, commercial sales data are directly
from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's sales
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is
allocated to the commercial and industrial sectors in
proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, industrial sales data are the sum of
sales for industrial, oil company, and all other uses.
Through 1978, each year's sales subtotal of the heating
plus industrial category is allocated to the commercial
and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares,
and the estimated industrial portion is added to oil
company and all other uses.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for railroad,
vessel bunkering, and military uses for all years.
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Monthly
Commercial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
allocating the annual estimates, which are described
above, into the months in proportion to each month's
share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil. (For each month
of the current year, the consumption increase from the same
month in the previous year is based on the percent increase in
that months No. 2 heating oil sales from the same month in
the previous year.) The years' No. 2 heating oil sales totals
are from the following sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl
Corporation, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981
and 1982, the American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report
of Heating Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form
EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End
Users and for Resale.
A residual fuel oil balance is calculated as total residual
fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the
electric power sector, commercial sector, and by industrial
combined-heat-and-power plants (see sources for Table
7.4c).
Transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months residual fuel oil balance by the
annual transportation consumption share of the annual residual fuel oil balance.
Total industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated as
total residual fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by
the commercial, transportation, and electric power sectors.
Other Petroleum Products
Consumption of all remaining petroleum products is
assigned to the industrial sector.
Other petroleum
products include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,

special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and

miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes
negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil
reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from
both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as
gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also
includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

Table 3.8a Sources

Distillate Fuel Oil, Kerosene, Petroleum Coke, and
Residual Fuel Oil
Residential and/or commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for these petroleum products are
from Table 3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in
Table A1.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
Residential and commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for LPG are from Table 3.7a, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane
heat content factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7a, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor
gasoline heat content factors in Table A3.
Total Petroleum
Residential sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown
under Residential Sector in Table 3.8a. Commercial
sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Commercial Sector in Table 3.8a.

Table 3.8b Sources

Asphalt and Road Oil, Distillate Fuel Oil, Kerosene,
Lubricants, Petroleum Coke, and Residual Fuel Oil
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for these petroleum products are from Table 3.7b, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
Industrial sector consumption data for LPG are calculated
by subtracting LPG consumption data in trillion Btu for
the residential (Table 3.8a), commercial (Table 3.8a), and
transportation (Table 3.8c) sectors from total LPG
consumption (Table 3.6).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Motor Gasoline
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7b, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor
gasoline heat content factors in Table A3.
Other Petroleum Products
Industrial sector Other petroleum data are equal to the
Other petroleum data in Table 3.6.
Total Petroleum
Industrial sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown in
Table 3.8b.

Table 3.8c Sources

Aviation Gasoline, Distillate Fuel Oil, Lubricants, Petroleum Coke, and Residual Fuel Oil
Transportation and/or electric power sector consumption
data in thousand barrels per day for these petroleum
products are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in
Table A1.
Jet Fuel
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels

per day for kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004,

naphtha-type jet fuel (see sources for Table 3.7c) are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate
heat content factors in Table A1. Total transportation sector
jet fuel consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for
kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels
per day for LPG are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane heat content
factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels
per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor
gasoline heat content factors in Table A3.
Total Petroleum
Transportation sector total petroleum consumption is the
sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products
shown under Transportation Sector in Table 3.8c. Electric
power sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the
data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Electric Power Sector in Table 3.8c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
.

4. Natural
Gas

Figure 4.1 Natural Gas

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Overview, 19492013
30
25

Consumption

20
Dry Production
15
10
Net Imports

5
0
-5
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Consumption by Sector, 19492013

12
10
Industrial

Electric Power

Residential
4
Commercial

Transportation
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Overview, Monthly

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Consumption by Sector, Monthly

3.5

1.2
Electric Power

3.0

Consumption
Residential

0.9

2.5
2.0

0.6

Industrial
Commercial

1.5
Dry Production
1.0
0.3
Transportation

0.5
Net Imports
0.0

0.0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas.

Sources: Tables 4.1 and 4.3.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Gross
Withdrawalsa

Marketed
Production
(Wet)b

8,480
11,720
15,088
17,963
23,786
21,104
21,870
19,607
21,523
23,744
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
25,636
26,057
26,816
28,479

i 6,282
i 9,405
i 12,771
i 16,040
i 21,921
i 20,109

2012 January ................

2,571
2,360
2,524
2,417
2,491
2,377
2,465
2,374
2,410
2,557
2,471
2,524
29,542

2013 January ................

R 2,552
R 2,308
R 2,543
R 2,477
R 2,530
R 2,418
R 2,559
R 2,540
R 2,453
R 2,557
R 2,512
R 2,556

R 30,005

R 25,691

R 1,357

2014 January ................

RE 2,644
RE 2,374
RE 2,661
RE 2,581
RE 2,671
RE 2,601
RE 2,634
E 2,657
E 20,823

RE 2,218
RE 1,997
RE 2,241
RE 2,185
RE 2,284
RE 2,225
RE 2,308
E 2,335
E 17,792

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

19,926
19,580

16,999
16,766

NGPL
Dry Gas
Productionc Productiond

Supplemental
Gaseous
Fuelse

Trade

Net
Storage
Withdrawalsf

Imports

Exports

Net
Imports

Balancing ConsumpItemg
tionh

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
155
126
123
110
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
63
61
65
65
60

0
11
156
456
821
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
3,741
3,469

26
31
11
26
70
73
49
55
86
154
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
1,137
1,506

-26
-20
144
430
751
880
936
894
1,447
2,687
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
3,021
2,679
2,604
1,963

-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
23
235
-513
415
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
192
34
-355
-13
-354

-175
-247
-274
-319
-228
-235
-640
-428
307
396
-306
99
65
44
461
236
103
-203
2
-103
115
-94

5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,877
17,281
j 19,174
22,207
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
24,087
24,477
R 2,756
R 2,501
R 2,128

260
377
543
753
906
872
777
816
784
908
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
930
953
1,024
1,066
1,134

i 6,022
i 9,029
i 12,228
i 15,286
i 21,014
i 19,236

R 2,153
R 1,974
R 2,119
R 2,045
R 2,121
R 2,040
R 2,162
R 2,152
R 2,094
R 2,169
R 2,102
R 2,153

106
98
105
101
105
101
107
106
104
107
104
106
1,250

R 2,046
R 1,877
R 2,014
R 1,943
R 2,016
R 1,939
R 2,055
R 2,045
R 1,991
R 2,062
R 1,998
R 2,046

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
61

281
270
265
243
259
260
281
281
258
253
234
252
3,138

130
130
141
123
133
125
118
139
137
140
142
159
1,619

151
140
124
120
126
135
163
142
121
113
92
94
1,519

553
467
-38
-141
-288
-236
-137
-169
-295
-246
129
392
-9

R1
R 12
R 22
R 25
R 15
R 26
R -16
R -14
R -15
R -34
R -56
R -33
R -66

R 2,142
R 1,944
R 2,145
R 2,094

R 113
R 103
R 113
R 111
R 114
R 110
R 117

R 2,029
R 1,842
R 2,031
R 1,984
R 2,052
R 1,977
R 2,096
R 2,092
R 2,016
R 2,095
R 2,058
R 2,064

R5
R4
R5
R4

R 24,334

154
133
149
126
142
134
129
130
122
122
114
117
1,572

124
104
100
95
92
103
108
106
121
98
105
156
1,311

R 732
R 613
R 387
R -141
R -426
R -379
R -281
R -278
R -361
R -261
R 216
R 725
R 546

R -11

5
5
R 55

278
237
248
221
234
237
236
236
244
220
219
273
2,883

118
108
125
126
129
130
136
137
1,008

RE 2,100
RE 1,889
RE 2,115
RE 2,059
RE 2,155
RE 2,095
RE 2,172
E 2,198
E 16,784

5
6
4
5
5
5
5
3
37

295
245
234
201
R 207
202
201
207
1,792

135
139
150
122
114
120
127
115
1,022

161
107
85
79
R 93
82
74
91
770

898
829

16,101
15,937

36
41

1,927
2,140

1,097
1,041

831
1,100

20,180
17,270
18,594
19,506
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
19,410
20,196
21,112
21,648
22,382
24,036

R 25,283

2,166

R 2,087
R 2,212
R 2,208
R 2,129
R 2,211
R 2,173
R 2,179

117

R 112
R 117
R 115
R 115

19,403
16,454
17,810
18,599
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
19,266
20,159
20,624
21,316
22,902

R 24,033

a Gases withdrawn from natural gas, crude oil, coalbed, and shale gas wells.
Includes natural gas, natural gas plant liquids, and nonhydrocarbon gases; but
excludes lease condensate.
b Gross withdrawals minus repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed, and
vented and flared. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Production," at end of section.
c Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production, gaseous equivalent. This data
series was previously called "Extraction Loss." See Note 2, "Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production," at end of section.
d Marketed production (wet) minus NGPL production.
e See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
f Net withdrawals from underground storage. For 19802013, also includes net
withdrawals of liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. See Note 4, "Natural
Gas Storage," at end of section.
g See Note 5, "Natural Gas Balancing Item," at end of section. Beginning in
1980, excludes transit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural
gas delivered to its destination via the other country).
h See Note 6, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
i Through 1979, may include unknown quantities of nonhydrocarbon gases.
j For 19891992, a small amount of consumption at independent power

R4
R5

5
5

R -3
R 23
R 29
R 35
R -5
R2
R -15

-69

R -67
R -34

1,953
1,874

R 1,868
R 2,070
R 2,009
R 1,807

1,901
2,168

R 2,504

R 25,538
R 2,878
R 2,565
R 2,519
R 1,964
R 1,751
R 1,740
R 1,922
R 1,926
R 1,766
R 1,867
R 2,316

2,915

R -115

R 26,131

971
728
354
-217
-478
-462
-400
-373
123

R3
R 44
R 24
R 47
R 52
R 50
R 52

R 3,239
R 2,773
R 2,581
R 1,973
R 1,827
R 1,769
R 1,903

36
308

1,956
18,021

227
11

71
71

17,267
17,158

producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on
Table 4.3. See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000," at end of
section. Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia
(pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, for which underground storage is
excluded from "Net Storage Withdrawals" through 2012).
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Imports and Exports: Table 4.2. Consumption: Table 4.3.
Balancing Item: Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production,
supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net storage withdrawals. All Other
Data: 19492011U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual, annual reports. 2012 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly, October 2014,
Table 1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Imports

Algeriaa Canadab
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Egypta

Mexicob Nigeriaa

Exports

Qatara

Trinidad
and
Tobagoa Othera,c

Total

Canadab

Japana

Mexicob Othera,d

Total

0
0
0
0
1
5
86
24
84
18
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
77
0
0
0
0

0
11
109
405
779
948
797
926
1,448
2,816
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
3,783
3,589
3,271
3,280
3,117

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
115
55
160
73
35

0
(s)
47
52
(s)
0
102
0
0
7
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
28
30
3

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
13
42
2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
13
46
91

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
448
267
236
190
129

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
14
8
11
46
11
0
18
15
29
81
92

0
11
156
456
821
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
3,741
3,469

3
11
6
18
11
10
(s)
(s)
17
28
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
482
559
701
739
937

0
0
0
0
44
53
45
53
53
65
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
39
31
33
18

23
20
6
8
15
9
4
2
16
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
292
365
338
333
499

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
32
52

26
31
11
26
70
73
49
55
86
154
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
1,137
1,506

2012 January ................

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

265
250
246
235
243
251
266
262
246
243
220
235
2,963

0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
0
4
4
6
0
3
3
3
6
3
0
34

9
11
13
1
11
8
12
16
8
5
8
8
112

3
6
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
9
26

281
270
265
243
259
260
281
281
258
253
234
252
3,138

84
87
93
78
78
64
62
77
80
75
93
101
971

3
2
0
0
3
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
14

40
42
46
45
52
58
57
60
58
61
49
52
620

3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
6
14

130
130
141
123
133
125
118
139
137
140
142
159
1,619

2013 January ................

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

265
225
240
215
229
229
228
227
227
215
216
270
2,786

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3

0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7

11
8
5
5
6
8
8
6
9
3
3
0
70

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
6
3
0
3
17

278
237
248
221
234
237
236
236
244
220
219
273
2,883

99
84
92
71
82
76
66
68
70
70
60
73
911

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

56
49
56
55
60
58
62
62
53
53
54
44
661

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

154
133
149
126
142
134
129
130
122
122
114
117
1,572

2014 January ................

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

287
241
231
198
204
192
195
205
1,752

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

6
4
3
3
0
7
6
2
31

2
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
8

295
245
234
201
R 207
202
201
207
1,792

82
85
92
65
50
55
55
47
530

0
0
0
0
2
0
3
3
8

53
51
58
57
62
65
69
66
481

0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3

135
139
150
122
114
120
127
115
1,022

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

0
0

1,858
2,019

0
3

(s)
(s)

0
0

7
22

56
83

5
14

1,927
2,140

639
622

0
13

458
400

0
6

1,097
1,041

a
b

As liquefied natural gas.

By pipeline, except for small amounts of: liquefied natural gas (LNG) imported
from Canada in 1973, 1977, 1981, and 2013; LNG exported to Canada in 2007 and
2012 forward; compressed natural gas (CNG) exported to Canada in 2013 and
2014; and LNG exported to Mexico beginning in 1998. See Note 9, "Natural Gas
Imports and Exports," at end of section.
c Australia in 19972001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007;
Indonesia in 1986 and 2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 20022005; Norway in
20082013; Oman in 20002005; Peru in 2010 and 2011; United Arab Emirates in
19962000; Yemen in 2010 forward; and Other (unassigned) in 2004 and 2014.
d Brazil in 20102012 and 2014; Chile in 2011; China in 2011; India in
20102012; Portugal in 2012; Russia in 2007; South Korea in 20092011; Spain in
2010 and 2011; and United Kingdom in 2010 and 2011.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet.
Notes: See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section.

Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia (pounds
per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the pressure base
is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491954: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates
based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter.
19551971: Federal Power Commission data. 19721987: EIA, Form
FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
19882011: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2012 forward: EIA,
Natural Gas Monthly, October 2014, Tables 4 and 5; and U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

(Billion Cubic Feet)
End-Use Sectors
Industrial

Transportation

Other Industrial

Pipelinesd
and Distributione

Residential

Commerciala

Lease and
Plant Fuel

CHPb

Non-CHPc

Total

1,198
2,124
3,103
3,903
4,837
4,924
4,752
4,433
4,391
4,850
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
4,722
4,892
4,779
4,782
4,714

388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,508
2,611
2,432
2,623
3,031
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
2,832
3,013
3,153
3,119
3,103
3,155

928
1,131
1,237
1,156
1,399
1,396
1,026
966
1,236
1,220
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
1,142
1,226
1,220
1,275
1,286
1,323

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
1,055
1,258
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
1,029
1,063

2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 5,963
6,906
6,757
6,035
6,287
6,007
6,066
5,518
5,412
5,604
5,715
5,178
5,797
5,931

2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 7,018
8,164
8,142
7,344
7,527
7,150
7,256
6,601
6,527
6,655
6,670
6,167
6,826
6,994

3,426
4,542
5,771
7,112
9,249
8,365
8,198
6,867
8,255
9,384
9,293
8,463
8,640
8,273
8,354
7,713
7,669
7,881
7,890
7,443
8,112
8,317

126
245
347
501
722
583
635
504
660
700
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
621
648
670
674
688

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
5
13
15
15
18
21
23
24
25
26
27
29
30

2012 January ................

794
662
403
279
163
123
108
106
119
240
482
670
R 4,150

446
387
262
209
149
131
R 124
133
142
213
308
391
2,895

R 119
R 109
R 117
R 113
R 117
R 113
R 119
R 119
R 116
R 120
R 116

94
89
91
90
95
98
107
105
96
94
93
98
1,149

R 572

666
623

R 785
R 732
R 726
R 692
R 693

R 80

3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
30

2013 January ................

R 876
R 752
R 664
R 368

R 477
R 426
R 391
R 248

119
1,396
R 123
R 112
R 123
R 120
R 124
R 120
R 127
R 127
R 122
R 127
R 125
R 125

R 4,914

R 3,279

R 1,475

102
91
98
90
93
93
97
98
91
93
97
105
1,147

2014 January ................

R 1,039
R 852
R 699

349
196
125
R 113
105
3,479

R 571
R 487
R 417
R 246

135
2,306

RE 136
RE 123
RE 138
RE 134
RE 140
RE 137
RE 142
E 144
E 1,094

101
88
96
88
86
88
92
94
733

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

3,202
2,638

2,117
1,842

976
926

762
769

194

R 128
R 112
R 108
R 118
R 223
R 519
R 851

168
136

R 135

137

R 141
R 206
R 343
R 471

173
140

R 136

534

R 518

R 609
R 580

489
481
468
468
482
479
509
524
R 552
R 6,077

576
566
575
587
575
603
617
R 650
R 7,226

R 574
R 530
R 555
R 510
R 499
R 470
R 480
R 492
R 483
R 518
R 555
R 601

R 675
R 621
R 653
R 600
R 592
R 563
R 577
R 591
R 574
R 611
R 651
R 706

678
R 694
R 706
R 691
723
R 733
R 768
R 8,622
R 798

733

R 776
R 720

716

R 683
R 704
R 717
R 696
R 738
R 776
R 831

R 61
R 56

53
53
59
57
51
R 54
62
R 72
R 731
R 96
R 86
R 84
R 64
R 57
R 57
R 63
R 63
R 57
R 61
R 77
R 97

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
R 34

R 6,267

R 7,414

R 8,889

R 862

R 621
R 575
R 586
R 540
R 521
R 499
R 515

R 723
R 663
R 683
R 628
R 587
R 607

R 859
R 786
R 820
R 762
R 748
R 724
R 749

516
4,374

610
5,107

753
6,201

RE 106
RE 91
RE 85
RE 65
RE 60
RE 58
RE 63
E 64
E 592

4,110
4,012

4,872
4,782

5,848
5,707

569
491

a All commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Table
7.4c for CHP fuel use.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
electricity-only plants.
c All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and
"CHP."
d Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down.
e Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down.
f The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
h Included in "Non-CHP."
i For 19891992, a small amount of consumption at independent power
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector."
See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic
feet.
Notes: Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous

607

Vehicle
Fuel

Total

Electric
Power
Sectorf,g

Total

126
245
347
501
722
583
635
504
660
705
655
640
682
610
587
607
608
646
674
697
703
718

629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
i 3,245
4,237
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
7,387
7,574

5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,877
17,281
i 19,174
22,207
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
24,087
24,477

649
645
674
714
812
880
1,082
1,004
803
669
580
600
9,111

R 2,756
R 2,501
R 2,128

R 75

63
58
R 56
R 56
R 62
R 60
R 54
56
R 65
R 75
R 761
R 99
R 88
R 87
R 67
R 60
R 59
R 66
R 66
R 60
R 64
R 79

1,953
1,874

R 1,868
R 2,070
R 2,009
R 1,807

1,901
2,168

R 2,504

R 25,538
R 2,878
R 2,565
R 2,519
R 1,964
R 1,751
R 1,740
R 1,922
R 1,926
R 1,766
R 1,867
R 2,316

R 100
R 895

629
565
601
561
613
734
906
898
749
636
598
662
8,153

E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3

662
554
557
549
647
719
840
895
5,422

R 3,239
R 2,773
R 2,581
R 1,973
R 1,827
R 1,769
R 1,903

E 22

RE 109
RE 94
RE 88
RE 68
RE 63
RE 61
RE 65
E 67
E 614

22
20

592
511

5,508
6,460

17,267
17,158

2,915

R 26,131

1,956
18,021

fuels.
See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000," at end of section.
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7. Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Residential, Commercial, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial
Total and Pipelines and Distribution: 19492011U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions. 2012 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), October 2014, Table
2. Industrial CHP: Table 7.4c. Vehicle Fuel: 1990 and 1991EIA, NGA
2000, (November 2001), Table 95. 19921998EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional
Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to
Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for
compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in gasoline-equivalent gallons
were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversion factor
(see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor
(see Table A4). 19992011EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2012 forwardEIA,
NGM, October 2014, Table 2. Electric Power Sector: Table 7.4b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage

(Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas in
Underground Storage,
End of Period

Change in Working Gas

From Same Period
Previous Year

Storage Activity

Base Gas

Working Gas

Totala

Volume

Percent

Withdrawals

Injections

Netb,c

NA
863
NA
1,848
2,326
3,162
3,642
3,842
3,868
4,349
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
4,232
4,277
4,301
4,302

NA
505
NA
1,242
1,678
2,212
2,655
2,607
3,068
2,153
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
3,130
3,111
3,462

NA
1,368
2,184
3,090
4,004
5,374
6,297
6,448
6,936
6,503
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
7,073
7,407
7,412
7,764

NA
40
NA
83
257
162
-99
-270
555
-453
-806
1,185
-528
187
133
-61
435
-191
-39
290
-19
351

NA
8.7
NA
7.2
18.1
7.9
-3.6
-9.4
22.1
-17.4
-31.9
68.9
-18.2
7.9
5.2
-2.3
16.5
-6.2
-1.4
10.2
-.6
11.3

175
437
713
960
1,459
1,760
1,910
2,359
1,934
2,974
3,498
2,309
3,138
3,099
3,037
3,057
2,493
3,325
3,374
2,966
3,274
3,074

230
505
844
1,078
1,857
2,104
1,896
2,128
2,433
2,566
2,684
3,464
2,670
3,292
3,150
3,002
2,924
3,133
3,340
3,315
3,291
3,422

-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
14
231
-499
408
814
-1,156
468
-193
-113
55
-431
192
34
-349
-17
-348

2012 January ................

4,309
4,310
4,321
4,325
4,332
4,338
4,343
4,348
4,352
4,365
4,372
4,372
4,372

2,910
2,449
2,473
2,611
2,887
3,115
3,245
3,406
3,693
3,929
3,799
3,413
3,413

7,219
6,758
6,795
6,936
7,219
7,454
7,588
7,754
8,045
8,294
8,172
7,785
7,785

604
727
896
823
700
586
470
387
277
125
-44
-49
-49

26.2
42.2
56.8
46.0
32.0
23.2
16.9
12.8
8.1
3.3
-1.1
-1.4
-1.4

619
516
205
126
74
91
130
134
67
86
281
490
2,818

75
56
240
264
358
323
264
300
357
328
156
105
2,825

544
460
-35
-137
-284
-232
-134
-166
-290
-242
125
385
-7

2013 January ................

R 4,377
R 4,384
R 4,382
R 4,381
R 4,385

R 2,699
R 2,099
R 1,720
R 1,855
R 2,270
R 2,643

R 7,077
R 6,483
R 6,102
R 6,236
R 6,655

R -211
R -349
R -753
R -756
R -617

R -7.2
R -14.3
R -30.5
R -29.0
R -21.4

72
44

3,565
R 3,817
R 3,605
2,890
2,890

7,027
7,302
R 7,574
7,928
R 8,181
R 7,971
7,255
7,255

-473
-308
R -194
R -129
R -112
R -194
-523
-523

-15.2
-9.5
-5.7
-3.5
-2.9
-5.1
-15.3
-15.3

2014 January ................

4,363
4,360
4,350
4,357
4,353
4,358
4,361
4,366

1,925
1,200
857
1,066
1,548
2,005
2,402
2,769

6,288
5,560
5,207
5,423
5,901
6,364
6,763
7,136

R -774
R -899
R -863
R -789
R -722

R -28.7
R -42.8
R -50.2
R -42.5
R -31.8

-637
-535
-443

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

4,385
4,365
4,362
4,363
R 4,364
4,366
4,365
4,365

2,937

R 3,212

a For total underground storage capacity at the end of each calendar year, see
Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
b For 19802013, data differ from those shown on Table 4.1, which includes
liquefied natural gas storage for that period.
c Positive numbers indicate that withdrawals are greater than injections.
Negative numbers indicate that injections are greater than withdrawals. Net
withdrawals or injections may not equal the difference between applicable ending
stocks. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
R=Revised. =Not applicable. NA=Not available.
Notes: Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, which is excluded through 2012).
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data

793
648
49

R 468
R 441

102
66
R 84
366
808
R 3,702

R 374

421
340
155
94
R 3,156

721
604
380
R -137
R -419
-372
-275
R -272
-355
R -256
211
714
R 546

-24.1
-18.2
-13.8

1,039
833
488
105
51
44
63
73
2,696

68
104
134
323
529
506
463
446
2,573

971
728
354
-217
-478
-462
-400
-373
123

2,377
1,895

2,146
1,880

231
15

R 483
R 135

R 103

272

R 69
R 99

373

beginning in 1973.
Sources:

Storage Activity:
19491975U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 1994, Volume 2, Table 9.
19761979EIA, Natural Gas Production and Consumption 1979, Table 1.
19801995EIA, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through 2000, Table 11.
19962011EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly issues.
2012
forwardEIA, NGM, October 2014, Table 8.

All Other Data:

19541974American Gas Association, Gas Facts, annual issues. 1975 and
1976Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-G318-M-0, "Underground
Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1977 and 1978EIA, Form FEA-G318-M-0,
"Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 19791995EIA,
Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and FERC, Form FERC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 19962011EIA, NGM, monthly issues.
2012 forwardEIA, NGM, October 2014, Table 8.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Natural Gas
Note 1. Natural Gas Production. Final annual data are
from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA)
Natural Gas Annual (NGA).
Data for the two most recent months presented are
estimated. Some of the data for earlier months are also estimated or computed. For a discussion of computation and estimation procedures, see EIAs Natural Gas Monthly (NGM).
Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication
of the NGA. Preliminary monthly data are gathered from
reports to the Interstate Oil Compact Commission and the U.S.
Minerals Management Service.
Volumetric data are
converted, as necessary, to a standard pressure base of 14.73
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit.
Unless there are major changes, data are not revised until after
publication of the NGA.
Differences between annual data in the NGA and the sum of
preliminary monthly data (JanuaryDecember) are allocated
proportionally to the months to create final monthly data.
Note 2. Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Natural
gas plant liquids (NGPL) production is the reduction in
volume of natural gas resulting from the removal of natural
gas liquid constituents at natural gas processing
plantsthese natural gas plant liquids are transferred to
petroleum supply.
Annual data are from EIAs Natural Gas Annual (NGA),
where they are estimated on the basis of the type and quantity of liquid products extracted from the gas stream and the
calculated volume of such products at standard conditions.
For a detailed explanation of the calculations used to derive
estimated NGPL production, see the NGA.
Preliminary monthly data are estimated on the basis of NGPL
production as an annual percentage of marketed production.
This percentage is applied to each months marketed production to estimate monthly NGPL production.
Monthly data are revised and considered final after publication
of the NGA. Final monthly data are estimated by allocating
annual NGPL production data to the months on the basis of
total natural gas marketed production data from the NGA.
Note 3. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental
gaseous fuels are any substances that, introduced into or
commingled with natural gas, increase the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not
limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still
gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, and air or inert gases
added for Btu stabilization.
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from EIAs Natural
Gas Annual (NGA). Unknown quantities of supplemental
gaseous fuels are included in consumption data for 1979 and
earlier years. Monthly data are considered preliminary until
after publication of the NGA. Monthly estimates are based on
the annual ratio of supplemental gaseous fuels to the sum of dry

gas production, net imports, and net withdrawals from storage.

The ratio is applied to the monthly sum of the three elements to
compute a monthly supplemental gaseous fuels figure.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels
consumed is known for 1980 forward, the amount consumed
by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA. These estimates
are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous
fuels) data for Tables 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 (note: to avoid
double-counting in these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are
accounted for in their primary energy category: Coal, Petroleum, or Biomass). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous
fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power
sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas used for lease
and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The
estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each
sector (residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power) is calculated as that sectors natural gas consumption
(see Table 4.3) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption
by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power sectors (see Table 4.3), and then multiplied by total
supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 4.1). For
estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels
in Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values
in cubic feet are multiplied by the End-Use Sectors conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in
cubic feet are multiplied by the Electric Power Sector conversion factors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels
consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of the Btu values
for the sectors.
Note 4. Natural Gas Storage. Natural gas in storage at
the end of a reporting period may not equal the quantity
derived by adding or subtracting net injections or withdrawals from the quantity in storage at the end of the previous
period. Injection and withdrawal data from the
FERC-8/EIA-191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to
data from Form EIA-176 for publication of EIAs Natural
Gas Annual (NGA).
Total underground storage capacity, which includes both
active and inactive fields, at the end of each calendar year
since 1975 (first year data were available), in billion cubic
feet, was:
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

6,280
6,544
6,678
6,890
6,929
7,434
7,805
7,915
7,985
8,043
8,087
8,145
8,124
8,124

1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

8,120
7,794
7,993
7,932
7,989
8,043
7,953
7,980
8,332
8,179
8,229
8,241
8,182
8,207

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

8,206
8,255
8,268
8,330
8,402
8,499
8,656
8,764
8,849
8,991
9,173

Through 1990, monthly underground storage data are

collected from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Form FERC-8 (interstate data) and EIA Form EIA-191
(intrastate data). Beginning in 1991, all data are collected on
the revised Form EIA-191. Injection and withdrawal data from
the EIA-191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to data from
Form EIA-176 following publication of EIAs Natural Gas
Annual (NGA).
The final monthly and annual storage and withdrawal data
for 19802013 include both underground and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) storage. Annual data on LNG additions and withdrawals are from Form EIA-176. Monthly
data are estimated by computing the ratio of each months
underground storage additions and withdrawals to annual
underground storage additions and withdrawals and
applying the ratio to the annual LNG data.
Note 5. Natural Gas Balancing Item. The balancing item
for natural gas represents the difference between the sum of
the components of natural gas supply and the sum of
components of natural gas disposition. The differences may
be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting
problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the
net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying
temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard
temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in
company accounting and billing practices; differences between
billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances
resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary
in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
Note 6. Natural Gas Consumption.
Natural gas
consumption statistics include data for the following: Residential Sector: residential deliveries; Commercial Sector:
commercial deliveries, including to commercial combinedheat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants; Industrial Sector: lease and plant fuel use, and
other industrial deliveries, including to industrial CHP and
industrial electricity-only plants; Transportation Sector:
pipelines and distribution use, and vehicle fuel use; and
Electric Power Sector: electric utility and independent
power producer use.
Final data for series other than Other Industrial CHP and
Electric Power Sector are from EIAs Natural Gas Annual
(NGA). Monthly data are considered preliminary until after
publication of the NGA. For more detailed information on the
methods of estimating preliminary and final monthly data, see
EIAs Natural Gas Monthly.
Note 7. Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992. Prior to
1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas
Supply and Disposition. As a result, for 19891992,
those volumes are probably included in both the industrial
and electric power sectors and double-counted in total

consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was

reported as delivered to nonutility generators.
Note 8. Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000. For
19932000, the original data for natural gas delivered to
industrial consumers (now Other Industrial in Table 4.3)
included deliveries to both industrial users and independent
power producers (IPPs). These data were adjusted to
remove the estimated consumption at IPPs from Other
Industrial and include it with electric utilities under Electric Power Sector. (To estimate the monthly IPP consumption, the monthly pattern for Other Industrial CHP in Table
4.3 was used.)
For 19962000, monthly data for several natural gas series
shown in EIAs Natural Gas Navigator (see
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm)
were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the
final annual data in EIAs Natural Gas Annual. In the
Monthly Energy Review, monthly data for these series were
adjusted so that the monthly data sum to the final annual
values. The Table 4.1 data series (and years) that were
adjusted are: Gross Withdrawals (1996, 1997), Marketed
Production (1997), NGPL Production (1997, 1998, 2000), Dry
Gas Production (1996, 1997), Supplemental Gaseous Fuels
(19972000), Balancing Item (19972000), and Total
Consumption (19972000). The Table 4.3 data series (and
years) that were adjusted are:
Lease and Plant Fuel
(19972000), Total Industrial (19972000), Pipelines and
Distribution (2000), Total Transportation (2000), and Total
Consumption (19972000).
Note 9. Natural Gas Imports and Exports. The United
States imports natural gas via pipeline from Canada and
Mexico; and imports liquefied natural gas (LNG) via
tanker from Algeria, Australia, Brunei, Egypt, Equatorial
Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Peru, Qatar, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. In addition, very small amounts of LNG
arrived from Canada in 1973 (667 million cubic feet),
1977 (572 million cubic feet), 1981 (6 million cubic feet),
and 2013 (555 million cubic feet). The United States
exports natural gas via pipeline to Canada and Mexico;
and exports LNG via tanker to Brazil, China, Chile, India,
Japan, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, Spain, and United
Kingdom. Also, small amounts of LNG have gone to
Mexico since 1998 and to Canada in 2007 and 20122014.
Small amounts of compressed natural gas have been
exported to Canada since 2013.
Annual and final monthly data are from the annual EIA
Form FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters
of Natural Gas, which requires data to be reported by
month for the calendar year.
Preliminary monthly data are EIA estimates. For a discussion
of estimation procedures, see EIAs Natural Gas Monthly.
Preliminary data are revised after publication of EIAs U.S.
Imports and Exports of Natural Gas.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development

Figure 5.1

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators

Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, 19492013

Thousand Rigs

3
Crude
Oil

2
Natural
Gas
Total

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, Monthly

1980

1985

1995

2000

2005

2010

Active Well Service Rig Count, Monthly

2.5

2.0

2.0
Thousand Rigs

Thousand Rigs

1990

Total

1.5

Crude Oil

1.0

0.5

Natural Gas

1.5
1.0
0.5
2012

0.0
2013

2014

0.0

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

2012

2013

20 14

Total Wells Drilled by Type, 19492010

Crude Oil
Wells

Thousand Wells

Natural Gas
Wells

30
20
10
Dry Wells

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude.

Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.2.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

2005

2010

Table 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements
(Number of Rigs)
Rotary Rigs in Operationa
By Site
Onshore
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

By Type
Offshore

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Totalb

Active
Well Service
Rig Countc

........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,554
2,678
1,774
902
622
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
1,046
1,514
1,846

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
106
231
206
108
101
140
153
113
108
97
94
90
72
65
44
31
32

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
532
323
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
278
591
984

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
464
385
720
939
691
872
1,025
1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
801
943
887

2,154
2,686
1,748
1,388
1,028
1,660
2,909
1,980
1,010
723
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
1,089
1,546
1,879

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,486
4,089
4,716
3,658
3,041
2,692
2,267
1,830
1,967
2,064
2,222
2,364
2,388
2,515
1,722
1,854
2,075

2012 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................

1,960
1,949
1,935
1,917
1,931
1,923
1,894
1,863
1,808
1,785
1,758
1,733
1,871

43
42
43
44
46
49
51
50
51
49
51
51
48

1,208
1,261
1,307
1,329
1,373
1,409
1,419
1,423
1,409
1,407
1,385
1,358
1,357

790
723
667
629
600
558
522
487
447
425
421
423
558

2,003
1,990
1,979
1,961
1,977
1,972
1,944
1,913
1,859
1,834
1,809
1,784
1,919

2,154
2,135
2,143
2,157
2,153
2,139
2,140
2,144
2,137
2,102
2,036
1,990
2,113

2013 January ..........................

1,704
1,708
1,705
1,707
1,715
1,706
1,708
1,720
1,695
1,683
1,698
1,710
1,705

52
54
51
49
52
55
58
61
65
61
58
61
56

1,318
1,332
1,339
1,374
1,407
1,404
1,396
1,388
1,364
1,364
1,384
1,396
1,373

434
426
413
374
353
352
364
386
389
374
366
373
383

1,756
1,762
1,756
1,755
1,767
1,761
1,766
1,781
1,760
1,744
1,756
1,771
1,761

2,112
2,024
2,033
2,039
2,099
2,049
2,039
2,055
2,052
2,061
2,175
2,024
2,064

2014 January ..........................

1,711
1,714
1,750
1,784
1,801
1,804
1,819
1,842
1,866
1,867
1,797

58
55
54
52
58
58
57
62
64
58
57

1,403
1,424
1,466
1,515
1,530
1,545
1,560
1,578
1,592
1,596
1,521

362
341
333
316
325
314
314
324
336
328
330

1,769
1,769
1,803
1,835
1,859
1,861
1,876
1,904
1,930
1,924
1,854

2,066
2,036
2,037
2,028
2,040
2,026
2,044
2,039
R 2,010
NA
NA

2013 10-Month Average .......

2012 10-Month Average .......

1,706
1,897

55
47

1,369
1,356

386
584

1,761
1,944

2,056
2,133

a Rotary rigs in operation are reported weekly. Monthly data are averages of 4or 5-week reporting periods, not calendar months. Multi-month data are averages
of the reported data over the covered months, not averages of the weekly data.
Annual data are averages over 52 or 53 weeks, not calendar years. Published data
are rounded to the nearest whole number.
b Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not
shown) drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells,
and stratigraphic tests. "Total" values may not equal the sum of "Onshore" and
"Offshore" due to independent rounding.
c The number of rigs doing true workovers (where tubing is pulled from the well),
or doing rod string and pump repair operations, and that are, on average, crewed
and working every day of the month.

R=Revised. NA=Not available.

Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
Rotary Rigs in Operation:
Baker Hughes, Inc.,
Houston, TX, "North America Rig Count," used with permission.
See
http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=79687&p=irol-reportsother. Active
Well Service Rig Count: Cameron International Corporation, Houston, TX. See
http://www.c-a-m.com/Forms/Product.aspx?prodID=cdc209c4-79a3-47e5-99c2fdeda6d4aad6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Wells Drilled
Exploratory
Crude
Oil

Natural
Gas

Dry

Development
Total

Crude
Oil

Natural
Gas

Dry

Total
Total

Crude
Oil

Natural
Gas

Dry

Total

Thousand
Feet

Number
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total

Total
Footage
Drilled

1,583
2,236
1,321
946
757
982
1,777
1,680
778
570
288
357
258
350
383
539
646
808

431
874
868
515
477
1,248
2,099
1,200
811
558
657
1,052
844
997
1,671
2,141
2,456
2,794

8,292
11,832
9,515
8,005
6,162
7,129
9,081
8,954
3,652
2,024
1,341
1,733
1,282
1,297
1,350
1,462
1,547
1,582

10,306
14,942
11,704
9,466
7,396
9,359
12,957
11,834
5,241
3,152
2,286
3,142
2,384
2,644
3,404
4,142
4,649
5,184

22,229
28,196
20,937
17,119
12,211
15,966
31,182
33,581
12,061
7,678
7,802
8,531
6,517
7,779
8,406
10,240
12,739
12,563

3,008
3,392
4,281
3,967
3,534
6,879
15,362
13,124
10,435
7,524
16,394
21,020
16,498
19,725
22,515
26,449
30,382
29,925

6,507
8,620
8,697
8,221
4,869
6,517
11,704
12,257
4,593
2,790
2,805
2,865
2,472
2,685
2,732
3,191
3,659
3,399

31,744
40,208
33,915
29,307
20,614
29,362
58,248
58,962
27,089
17,992
27,001
32,416
25,487
30,189
33,653
39,880
46,780
45,887

23,812
30,432
22,258
18,065
12,968
16,948
32,959
35,261
12,839
8,248
8,090
8,888
6,775
8,129
8,789
10,779
13,385
13,371

3,439
4,266
5,149
4,482
4,011
8,127
17,461
14,324
11,246
8,082
17,051
22,072
17,342
20,722
24,186
28,590
32,838
32,719

14,799
20,452
18,212
16,226
11,031
13,646
20,785
21,211
8,245
4,814
4,146
4,598
3,754
3,982
4,082
4,653
5,206
4,981

42,050
55,150
45,619
38,773
28,010
38,721
71,205
70,796
32,330
21,144
29,287
35,558
27,871
32,833
37,057
44,022
51,429
51,071

157,358
226,182
192,176
174,882
138,556
180,494
316,943
314,409
156,044
117,156
144,425
180,141
145,159
177,239
204,279
240,307
282,675
301,515

2008 January ................

88
82
66
68
88
63
79
67
52
80
97
67
897

208
230
216
189
206
195
163
165
166
243
192
172
2,345

144
107
127
130
124
139
171
144
164
173
160
132
1,715

440
419
409
387
418
397
413
376
382
496
449
371
4,957

1,111
1,080
1,132
1,177
1,317
1,428
1,439
1,448
1,488
1,549
1,361
1,206
15,736

2,321
2,261
2,363
2,415
2,449
2,540
2,695
2,735
2,667
2,841
2,418
2,196
29,901

272
247
271
281
240
299
344
379
355
373
334
313
3,708

3,704
3,588
3,766
3,873
4,006
4,267
4,478
4,562
4,510
4,763
4,113
3,715
49,345

1,199
1,162
1,198
1,245
1,405
1,491
1,518
1,515
1,540
1,629
1,458
1,273
16,633

2,529
2,491
2,579
2,604
2,655
2,735
2,858
2,900
2,833
3,084
2,610
2,368
32,246

416
354
398
411
364
438
515
523
519
546
494
445
5,423

4,144
4,007
4,175
4,260
4,424
4,664
4,891
4,938
4,892
5,259
4,562
4,086
54,302

25,306
24,958
26,226
26,920
27,947
28,739
29,140
28,942
28,960
31,505
29,276
26,222
334,141

2009 January ................

80
62
59
36
47
44
40
49
61
55
38
34
605

171
125
146
68
90
91
100
84
71
79
83
98
1,206

99
88
88
93
80
75
101
88
96
78
85
84
1,055

350
275
293
197
217
210
241
221
228
212
206
216
2,866

1,192
991
867
755
584
804
789
867
945
966
931
894
10,585

2,253
1,925
1,771
1,396
1,136
1,297
1,188
1,372
1,170
1,167
1,133
1,074
16,882

250
195
210
205
156
189
217
207
207
222
199
213
2,470

3,695
3,111
2,848
2,356
1,876
2,290
2,194
2,446
2,322
2,355
2,263
2,181
29,937

1,272
1,053
926
791
631
848
829
916
1,006
1,021
969
928
11,190

2,424
2,050
1,917
1,464
1,226
1,388
1,288
1,456
1,241
1,246
1,216
1,172
18,088

349
283
298
298
236
264
318
295
303
300
284
297
3,525

4,045
3,386
3,141
2,553
2,093
2,500
2,435
2,667
2,550
2,567
2,469
2,397
32,803

28,077
25,440
25,304
21,406
20,055
16,301
13,543
15,970
15,547
17,261
16,236
16,424
231,562

2010 January ................

55
44
59
49
48
61
46
56
57
75
62
57
669

91
71
85
78
107
100
103
104
73
87
114
92
1,105

81
67
88
77
86
90
105
94
88
117
103
70
1,066

227
182
232
204
241
251
254
254
218
279
279
219
2,840

898
871
1,062
1,173
1,282
1,385
1,386
1,434
1,374
1,502
1,400
1,317
15,084

1,264
1,096
1,224
1,152
1,208
1,250
1,443
1,402
1,358
1,463
1,352
1,379
15,591

169
144
216
249
255
302
390
314
268
283
263
243
3,096

2,331
2,111
2,502
2,574
2,745
2,937
3,219
3,150
3,000
3,248
3,015
2,939
33,771

953
915
1,121
1,222
1,330
1,446
1,432
1,490
1,431
1,577
1,462
1,374
15,753

1,355
1,167
1,309
1,230
1,315
1,350
1,546
1,506
1,431
1,550
1,466
1,471
16,696

250
211
304
326
341
392
495
408
356
400
366
313
4,162

2,558
2,293
2,734
2,778
2,986
3,188
3,473
3,404
3,218
3,527
3,294
3,158
36,611

15,304
16,862
15,102
17,904
17,987
19,408
20,847
22,923
23,037
22,123
24,561
23,189
239,247

Notes: Data are estimates. For 19601969, data are for well completion
reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year; for
all other years, data are for well completions in a given year. Through 1989,
these well counts include only the original drilling of a hole intended to discover or
further develop already discovered crude oil or natural gas resources. Other drilling
activities, such as drilling an old well deeper, drilling of laterals from the original
well, drilling of service and injection wells, and drilling for resources other than
crude oil or natural gas are excluded. Beginning in 1990, a new well is defined as
the first hole in the ground whether it is lateral or not. Due to the methodology used
to estimate ultimate well counts from the available partially reported data, the
counts shown on this page are frequently revised. See Note, "Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells," at end of section. Geographic

coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources:

19491965:
Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil,
"Forecast-Review" issue. 19661969: American Petroleum Institute (API),
Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United States, annual summaries and
monthly reports. 19701989: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
computations based on well reports submitted to the API. 1990 forward: EIA
computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc., Denver, CO.

Data for 2011 forward in this table have been removed while EIA evaluates the
quality of the data and the estimation methodology.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource

Development
Note. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and
Development Wells. Three well types are considered in the
Monthly Energy Review (MER) drilling statistics:
completed for crude oil, completed for natural gas, and
dry hole. Wells that productively encounter both crude
oil and natural gas are categorized as completed for crude
oil. Both development wells and exploratory wells (new
field wildcats, new pool tests, and extension tests) are
included in the statistics. All other classes of wells drilled in
connection with the search for producible hydrocarbons are
excluded. If a lateral is drilled at the same time as the original
hole it is not counted separately, but its footage is included.
Prior to the March 1985 MER, drilling statistics consisted of

completion data for the above types and classes of wells as

reported to the American Petroleum Institute (API) during a
given month. Due to time lags between the date of well
completion and the date of completion reporting to the API,
as-reported well completions proved to be an inaccurate
indicator of drilling activity. During 1982, for example,
as-reported well completions rose, while the number of
actual completions fell. Consequently, the drilling statistics
published since the March 1985 MER are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates produced by
statistically imputing well counts and footage based on the
partial data available from the API. These estimates are
subject to continuous revision as new data, some of which
pertain to earlier months and years, become available.
Additional information about the EIA estimation
methodology may be found in Estimating Well
Completions, a feature article published in the March 1985
MER.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

6. Coal

Figure 6.1

Coal
(Million Short Tons)

Overview, 19492013
1,400
Production

1,200
1,000

Consumption

800
600
400
200
Net Exports

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Consumption by Sector, 19492013

1,200
Electric Power

1,000
800
600
400
Residential, Commercial,a and Transportationb

200

Industriala

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Overview, Monthly

Electric Power Sector Consumption, Monthly

100

120
Production

100

80
60

Consumption

80
60

40
40
20

Net Exports

0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
20 13
2014
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number
of electricity-only-plants.
b
For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are
included in Industrial.

2012

2013

2014

0
J

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal.

Sources: Tables 6.16.2.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 6.1 Coal Overview

(Thousand Short Tons)
Productiona
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Waste
Coal
Suppliedb

Imports

Exports

Trade
Net Importsc

Stock
Changed,e

Losses and
Unaccounted
fore,f

Consumption

560,388
490,838
434,329
526,954
612,661
654,641
829,700
883,638
1,029,076
1,032,974
1,073,612
1,127,689
1,094,283
1,071,753
1,112,099
1,131,498
1,162,750
1,146,635
1,171,809
1,074,923
1,084,368
1,095,628

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,339
8,561
9,089
10,085
9,052
10,016
11,299
13,352
14,409
14,076
14,146
13,666
13,651
13,209

365
337
262
184
36
940
1,194
1,952
2,699
9,473
12,513
19,787
16,875
25,044
27,280
30,460
36,246
36,347
34,208
22,639
19,353
13,088

29,360
54,429
37,981
51,032
71,733
66,309
91,742
92,680
105,804
88,547
58,489
48,666
39,601
43,014
47,998
49,942
49,647
59,163
81,519
59,097
81,716
107,259

-28,995
-54,092
-37,719
-50,848
-71,697
-65,369
-90,548
-90,727
-103,104
-79,074
-45,976
-28,879
-22,726
-17,970
-20,718
-19,482
-13,401
-22,816
-47,311
-36,458
-62,363
-94,171

27,829
-3,974
-3,194
1,897
11,100
32,154
25,595
-27,934
26,542
-275
-48,309
41,630
10,215
-26,659
-11,462
-9,702
42,642
5,812
12,354
39,668
-13,039
211

9,462
-6,292
1,722
2,244
6,633
-5,522
10,827
2,796
-1,730
632
938
7,120
4,040
-4,403
6,887
9,092
8,824
4,085
5,740
14,985
182
11,506

494,102
447,012
398,081
471,965
523,231
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
1,048,514
1,002,948

2012 January ................

95,102
85,914
85,849
77,514
81,717
81,816
86,321
90,816
81,818
85,239
84,147
80,205
1,016,458

1,104
926
863
681
892
926
1,058
1,039
885
796
1,090
934
11,196

789
534
699
623
986
719
894
667
855
868
798
727
9,159

9,126
8,460
11,055
12,529
12,257
12,749
11,623
10,597
9,344
9,421
8,516
10,068
125,746

-8,337
-7,927
-10,356
-11,905
-11,271
-12,030
-10,729
-9,930
-8,489
-8,554
-7,718
-9,341
-116,586

3,832
7,905
9,618
7,132
419
-5,461
-15,082
-6,905
2,352
3,999
1,639
-2,545
6,902

7,745
2,542
3,663
2,260
2,905
-469
145
912
-2,615
1,709
562
-4,377
14,980

76,292
68,466
63,075
56,899
68,015
76,642
91,588
87,919
74,477
71,774
75,319
78,721
889,185

2013 January ................

84,658
77,602
82,277
79,111
83,560
80,150
86,894
88,664
81,760
81,077
79,163
78,933
983,849

933
869
1,063
676
940
934
1,040
840
608
626
618
1,047
10,194

654
385
390
672
870
1,213
874
710
815
707
850
766
8,906

9,572
8,627
13,637
9,754
10,478
9,194
9,125
10,073
9,391
9,855
8,511
9,443
117,659

-8,917
-8,242
-13,247
-9,082
-9,608
-7,981
-8,251
-9,363
-8,576
-9,148
-7,662
-8,676
-108,753

-8,189
-6,262
-5,516
2,486
5,308
-7,412
-9,336
-7,765
-2,482
672
2,376
-5,268
-41,386

4,291
3,956
-328
2,094
-424
181
675
674
-1,646
-23
-1,645
-6,238
1,569

80,571
72,535
75,936
66,125
70,008
80,335
88,344
87,231
77,919
71,906
71,388
82,810
925,106

2014 January ................

85,502
76,123
83,561
82,729
83,250
79,848
84,719
83,779
83,246
85,602
828,359

1,116
999
1,089
934
852
1,003
F 1,064
RF 1,064
NA
NA
NA

1,064
583
803
930
1,280
1,319
928
1,122
R 1,148
NA
NA

8,516
8,785
10,430
8,134
7,718
8,704
7,191
7,665
R 7,848
NA
NA

-7,452
-8,203
-9,627
-7,205
-6,439
-7,385
-6,264
-6,544
R -6,700
NA
NA

-16,063
-14,274
-1,742
10,679
8,171
-3,606
R -7,251
R -4,359
NA
NA
NA

6,184
1,482
-1,084
1,875
241
-2,651
R 129
R -3,705
NA
NA
NA

89,046
81,710
77,849
63,903
69,250
79,724
R 86,641
R 86,362
NA
NA
NA

2013 10-Month Total ...

2012 10-Month Total ...

825,752
852,106

8,529
9,171

7,291
7,633

99,705
107,161

-92,415
-99,528

-38,494
7,808

9,452
18,796

770,909
735,146

a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal

recaptured from a refuse mine and cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry
dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric
power and industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as
a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in
"Consumption."
c Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are
greater than imports.
d A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. See Table 6.3 for stocks data coverage.
e In 1949, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
f The difference between calculated coal supply and disposition, due to coal

quantities lost or to data reporting problems.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: For methodology used to calculate production, consumption, and
stocks, see Note 1, "Coal Production," Note 2, "Coal Consumption," and Note 3,
"Coal Stocks," at end of section. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector

(Thousand Short Tons)
End-Use Sectors
Commercial

Industrial
Other Industrial

Residential

CHPa

Otherb

Total

Coke
Plants

CHPc

Non-CHPd

Total

Transportation

Electric
Power
Sectore,f

Total

63,011
16,972
3,046
655
298
24
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
f 782,567
850,230
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
975,052
932,484

494,102
447,012
398,081
471,965
523,231
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
1,048,514
1,002,948

51,562
35,590
24,159
14,635
9,024
2,823
1,355
1,711
1,345
755
454
481
533
551
512
378
290
353
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)

(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
1,191
1,419
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,720
1,668

63,021
32,852
16,789
11,041
7,090
6,587
5,097
6,068
4,189
3,633
2,126
2,441
2,506
1,869
2,693
2,420
1,050
1,247
1,485
1,412
1,361
1,125

63,021
32,852
16,789
11,041
7,090
6,587
5,097
6,068
5,379
5,052
3,673
3,888
3,912
3,685
4,610
4,342
2,936
3,173
3,506
3,210
3,081
2,793

104,014
107,743
81,385
95,286
96,481
83,598
66,657
41,056
38,877
33,011
28,939
26,075
23,656
24,248
23,670
23,434
22,957
22,715
22,070
15,326
21,092
21,434

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
27,781
29,363
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
24,638
22,319

120,623
110,096
96,017
105,560
90,156
63,646
60,347
75,372
48,549
43,693
37,177
39,514
34,515
36,415
35,582
34,465
34,210
34,078
32,491
25,549
24,650
23,919

120,623
110,096
96,017
105,560
90,156
63,646
60,347
75,372
76,330
73,055
65,208
65,268
60,747
61,261
62,195
60,340
59,472
56,615
54,393
45,314
49,289
46,238

224,637
217,839
177,402
200,846
186,637
147,244
127,004
116,429
115,207
106,067
94,147
91,344
84,403
85,509
85,865
83,774
82,429
79,331
76,463
60,641
70,381
67,671

2012 January ................

(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)

155
135
128
102
108
109
120
120
107
101
124
141
1,450

100
87
82
30
32
32
16
16
14
51
62
71
595

256
222
210
132
141
141
136
136
121
152
186
212
2,045

1,701
1,687
1,895
1,783
1,857
1,657
1,676
1,816
1,552
1,647
1,715
1,766
20,751

2,015
1,832
1,684
1,481
1,563
1,553
1,712
1,703
1,535
1,587
1,649
1,751
20,065

1,726
1,921
2,020
1,910
1,807
1,811
1,781
1,780
1,960
2,045
2,030
1,982
22,773

3,741
3,753
3,704
3,391
3,370
3,365
3,493
3,483
3,495
3,632
3,679
3,734
42,838

5,442
5,440
5,599
5,173
5,226
5,021
5,169
5,299
5,047
5,279
5,393
5,500
63,589

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

70,594
62,804
57,266
51,593
62,648
71,480
86,283
82,484
69,309
66,343
69,740
73,009
823,551

76,292
68,466
63,075
56,899
68,015
76,642
91,588
87,919
74,477
71,774
75,319
78,721
889,185

2013 January ................

(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)

148
139
136
108
114
105
103
105
100
98
120
134
1,412

89
84
82
23
24
22
16
16
15
47
57
64
539

237
223
219
132
138
128
119
121
115
145
177
198
1,951

1,825
1,644
1,810
1,817
1,868
1,787
1,756
1,836
1,836
1,807
1,737
1,750
21,474

1,728
1,601
1,716
1,533
1,577
1,576
1,656
1,594
1,545
1,647
1,679
1,760
19,613

1,983
2,121
1,978
1,918
1,881
1,879
1,827
1,892
1,929
2,143
2,107
2,059
23,717

3,711
3,722
3,693
3,451
3,459
3,455
3,483
3,486
3,475
3,790
3,786
3,819
43,331

5,536
5,367
5,504
5,268
5,326
5,242
5,239
5,323
5,311
5,597
5,523
5,569
64,805

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

74,798
66,944
70,214
60,725
64,544
74,964
82,986
81,788
72,493
66,163
65,688
77,043
858,351

80,571
72,535
75,936
66,125
70,008
80,335
88,344
87,231
77,919
71,906
71,388
82,810
925,106

2014 January ................

(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)

149
147
142
111
94
90
100
92
926

99
98
94
29
25
24
F 46
F 61
E 474

247
245
236
140
118
114
F 146
F 153
E 1,400

1,605
1,543
1,687
1,648
1,730
1,758
RF 1,680
F 1,843
E 13,494

1,803
1,644
1,759
1,520
1,553
1,530
1,594
1,597
13,000

1,932
2,134
2,040
2,004
1,952
1,979
RF 1,842
F 1,819
E 15,702

3,735
3,778
3,799
3,524
3,505
3,509
F 3,436
F 3,416
E 28,702

5,339
5,321
5,486
5,172
5,236
5,267
RF 5,116
F 5,259
E 42,196

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

83,459
76,144
72,127
58,592
63,896
74,343
81,379
80,951
590,889

89,046
81,710
77,849
63,903
69,250
79,724
R 86,641
86,362
634,485

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

(i)
(i)

960
977

356
396

1,316
1,373

14,344
14,071

12,981
13,543

15,479
14,756

28,461
28,299

42,805
42,370

(h)
(h)

576,964
545,151

621,084
588,894

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of

commercial electricity-only plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7.
b All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial
CHP."
e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is
to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
g Included in "Commercial Other."

h Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

i Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are no longer collected
by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast.
Notes: CHP monthly values are from Table 7.4c; electric power sector monthly
values are from Table 7.4b; all other monthly values are estimates derived from
collected quarterly and annual data. See Note 2, "Coal Consumption," at end of
section. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from EIAs Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector

(Thousand Short Tons)
End-Use Sectors
Producers
and
Distributors

Residentiala
and
Commercial

Coke Plants

Otherb

Total

.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12,108
24,379
33,133
33,418
34,444
31,905
35,900
43,257
38,277
41,151
34,971
36,548
33,977
34,688
47,718
49,820
51,897

2,462
998
666
353
300
233
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
498
529
552
603

16,809
13,422
11,122
10,640
9,045
8,797
9,067
3,420
3,329
2,632
1,494
1,510
1,364
905
1,344
2,615
2,928
1,936
2,331
1,957
1,925
2,610

26,182
15,880
11,637
13,122
11,781
8,529
11,951
10,438
8,716
5,702
4,587
6,006
5,792
4,718
4,842
5,582
6,506
5,624
6,007
5,109
4,525
4,455

42,991
29,302
22,759
23,762
20,826
17,326
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,338
7,066
6,451
7,065

45,453
30,300
23,425
24,115
21,126
17,559
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,836
7,595
7,003
7,668

31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
d 102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
174,917
172,387

77,295
71,691
75,160
78,640
93,034
140,391
228,407
203,367
201,629
169,083
140,282
181,912
192,127
165,468
154,006
144,304
186,946
192,758
205,112
244,780
231,740
231,951

2012 January ................

48,318
49,743
51,141
51,283
50,726
50,374
49,120
47,499
46,231
45,830
45,550
46,157

587
572
557
566
575
585
589
592
596
592
587
583

2,507
2,403
2,300
2,299
2,297
2,295
2,329
2,363
2,396
2,438
2,480
2,522

4,280
4,104
3,929
4,025
4,122
4,219
4,318
4,418
4,518
4,504
4,489
4,475

6,786
6,508
6,229
6,324
6,419
6,514
6,647
6,781
6,914
6,942
6,970
6,997

7,374
7,080
6,786
6,890
6,995
7,099
7,236
7,373
7,510
7,534
7,557
7,581

180,091
186,866
195,380
202,265
203,137
197,924
183,958
178,537
182,020
186,396
188,291
185,116

235,783
243,688
253,307
260,439
260,858
255,397
240,314
233,409
235,761
239,760
241,398
238,853

2013 January ................

F 44,632

565
548
530
529
529
528
529
529
530
518
506
495

2,417
2,312
2,207
2,305
2,402
2,500
2,516
2,531
2,546
2,431
2,315
2,200

4,303
4,131
3,959
3,964
3,968
3,973
4,090
4,208
4,326
4,253
4,181
4,108

6,720
6,443
6,166
6,268
6,370
6,473
6,606
6,739
6,872
6,684
6,496
6,308

7,286
6,991
6,696
6,797
6,899
7,001
7,135
7,269
7,402
7,202
7,003
6,803

178,747
175,325
171,518
172,654
176,670
170,534
159,536
154,119
152,185
153,352
155,754
147,973

230,664
224,403
218,887
221,373
226,681
219,270
209,934
202,169
199,688
200,360
202,736
197,468

2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................

F 42,632

465
435
405
413
421
429
F 431
F 433

2,064
1,927
1,791
1,833
1,875
1,937
RF 1,904
F 1,879

3,921
3,733
3,545
3,579
3,613
3,647
F 3,895
F 4,138

5,984
5,660
5,336
5,412
5,488
5,584
RF 5,799
F 6,016

6,449
6,095
5,741
5,825
5,908
6,013
RF 6,230
F 6,449

132,324
118,949
117,974
128,321
136,218
132,885
125,389
121,042

181,404
167,131
165,388
176,067
184,239
180,633
R 173,382
169,023

F 42,087
F 40,673
F 41,922
F 43,112
F 41,735
F 43,263
F 40,782
F 40,100
F 39,805
F 39,979
F 42,692

F 42,087
F 41,673
F 41,922
F 42,112
F 41,735
F 41,763
F 41,532

Industrial

a Through 1979, data are for the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning
in 2008, data are for the commercial sector only.
b Through 1979, data are for manufacturing plants and the transportation sector.
For 19802007, data are for manufacturing plants only. Beginning in 2008, data
are for manufacturing plants and coal transformation/processing plants.
c The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andpower (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
d Excludes waste coal. Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only.
Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Electric power sector monthly values

Electric
Power
Sectorc,d

Total

are from Table 7.5; producers and distributors monthly values are estimates
derived from collected annual data; all other monthly values are estimates derived
from collected quarterly values. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Coal
Note 1. Coal Production. Preliminary monthly estimates
of national coal production are the sum of weekly estimates
developed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) and published in the Weekly Coal Production report.
When a week extends into a new month, production is allocated on a daily basis and added to the appropriate month.
Weekly estimates are based on Association of American
Railroads (AAR) data showing the number of railcars
loaded with coal during the week by Class I and certain
other railroads.
Through 2001, the weekly coal production model converted
AAR data into short tons of coal by using the average
number of short tons of coal per railcar loaded reported in
the Quarterly Freight Commodity Statistics from the
Surface Transportation Board. If an average coal tonnage
per railcar loaded was not available for a specific railroad,
the national average was used. To derive the estimate of
total weekly production, the total rail tonnage for the week
was divided by the ratio of quarterly production shipped by
rail and total quarterly production. Data for the corresponding quarter of previous years were used to derive this ratio.
This method ensured that the seasonal variations were
preserved in the production estimates.
Beginning in 2002, the weekly coal production model uses
statistical autoregressive methods to estimate national coal
production as a function of railcar loadings of coal, and
heating degree-days and cooling degree-days. On Thursday
of each week, EIA receives from the AAR data for the
previous week. The latest weekly national data for heating
degree-days and cooling degree-days are obtained from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations
Climate Prediction Center. The weekly coal model is run
and a national level coal production estimate is obtained.
The weekly coal model is refit every quarter after preliminary coal data are available.
When preliminary quarterly data become available, the
monthly and weekly estimates are adjusted to conform to the
quarterly figures. The adjustment procedure uses state-level
production
data
and
is
explained
at
http://www.eia.gov/coal/production/weekly/.
Initial estimates of annual production published in January of the
following year are based on preliminary production data
covering the first nine months (three quarters) and
weekly/monthly estimates for the fourth quarter. All quarterly, monthly, and weekly production figures are adjusted
to conform to the final annual production data published in
the Monthly Energy Review in the fall of the following year.
Note 2. Coal Consumption. Forecast data (designated by
an F) are derived from forecasted values shown in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA-0202) table titled
U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories. The
monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values, which
are released in March, June, September, and December. The
86

estimates are revised quarterly as collected data become available from the data sources. Sector-specific information
follows.
Residential and CommercialThrough 2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to
EIA for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount
consumed by the sectors individually. To create the
estimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-heated
housing unit consumes fuel at the same Btu rate as an oilheated housing unit. Then, for the years in which data are
available on the number of occupied housing units by heating source (19731981 and subsequent odd-numbered
years), residential consumption of coal is estimated using
the following steps: a ratio is created of the number of
occupied housing units heated by coal to the number of
occupied housing units heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed by the residential
sector to derive an estimate of the Btu quantity of coal
consumed by the residential sector; and, finally, the amount
estimated as the residential sector consumption is subtracted
from the residential and commercial sectors combined
consumption to derive the commercial sectors estimated
consumption. Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are not collected by EIA, and commercial coal
consumption data are taken directly from reported data.
Industrial Coke PlantsThrough 1979, monthly coke plant
consumption data were taken directly from reported data.
For 19801987, coke plant consumption estimates were
derived by proportioning reported quarterly data by using
the ratios of monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979,
the last year in which monthly data were reported. Beginning in 1988, monthly coke plant consumption estimates are
derived from the reported quarterly data by using monthly
ratios of raw steel production data from the American Iron
and Steel Institute. The ratios are the monthly raw steel
production from open hearth and basic oxygen process
furnaces as a proportion of the quarterly production from
those kinds of furnaces.
Industrial OtherThrough 1977, monthly consumption data
for the other industrial sector (all industrial users minus
coke plants) were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline consumption figures from the most recent Bureau
of the Census Annual Survey of Manufactures or Census of
Manufactures. For 1978 and 1979, monthly estimates
were derived from data reported on Forms EIA-3 and EIA6. For 19801987, monthly figures were estimated by
proportioning quarterly data by using the ratios of
monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last
year in which monthly data were reported on Form EIA-3.
Beginning in 1988, monthly consumption for the other
industrial sector is estimated from reported quarterly data
by using ratios derived from industrial production indices
published by the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System. Indices for six major industry groups are
used as the basis for calculating the ratios: food manufacturing, which is North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) code 311; paper manufacturing, NAICS

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

322; chemical manufacturing, NAICS 325; petroleum and

coal products, NAICS 324; non-metallic mineral products
manufacturing, NAICS 327; and primary metal manufacturing, NAICS 331. The monthly ratios are computed as the
monthly sum of the weighted indices as a proportion of the
quarterly sum of the weighted indices by using the 1977
proportion as the weights. Through 2007, quarterly
consumption data for the other industrial sector were
derived by adding beginning stocks at manufacturing plants
to current receipts and subtracting ending stocks at manufacturing plants. In this calculation, current receipts are the
greater of either reported receipts from manufacturing
plants (Form EIA-3) or reported shipments to the other
industrial sector (Form EIA-6), thereby ensuring that agriculture, forestry, fishing, and construction consumption
data were included where appropriate. Beginning in 2008,
quarterly consumption totals for other industrial coal
include data for manufacturing and mining only. Over
time, surveyed coal consumption data for agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction dwindled to about
2030 thousand short tons annually. Therefore, in 2008,
EIA consolidated its programs by eliminating agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction as surveyed sectors.
Electric Power SectorMonthly consumption data for electric power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 3. Coal Stocks. Coal stocks data are reported by
major end-use sector. Forecast data for the most recent
months (designated by an F) are derived from forecasted
values shown in EIAs Short-Term Energy Outlook
(DOE/EIA-0202) table titled U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories. The monthly estimates are based on
the quarterly values (released in March, June, September, and
December) or annual values. The estimates are revised as
collected data become available from the data sources.
Sector-specific information follows.
Producers and DistributorsThrough 1997, quarterly
stocks at producers and distributors were taken directly
from reported data. Monthly data were estimated by
using one-third of the current quarterly change to indicate
the monthly change in stocks. Beginning in 1998, endof-year stocks are taken from reported data. Monthly
stocks are estimated by a model.
Residential and CommercialThrough 1979, stock estimates for the residential and commercial sector were
taken directly from reported data. For 19802007, stock
estimates were not collected. Beginning in 2008, quarterly
commercial (excluding residential) stocks data are collected
on Form EIA-3 (data for Commercial and Institutional
Coal Users).
Industrial Coke PlantsThrough 1979, monthly stocks at
coke plants were taken directly from reported data. Beginning in 1980, coke plant stocks are estimated by using onethird of the current quarterly change to indicate the monthly

change in stocks. Quarterly stocks are taken directly from

data reported on Form EIA-5.
Industrial OtherThrough 1977, stocks for the other
industrial sector were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline figures from a one-time Bureau of Mines survey of
consumers. For 19781982, monthly estimates were derived
by judgmentally proportioning reported quarterly data based on
representative seasonal patterns of supply and demand. Beginning in 1983, other industrial coal stocks are estimated as indicated above for coke plants. Quarterly stocks are taken directly
from data reported on Form EIA-3 and therefore include only
manufacturing industries; data for agriculture, forestry, fishing,
mining, and construction stocks are not available.
Electric Power SectorMonthly stocks data at electric
power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 4. Coal Forecast Values. Data values preceded by F
in this section are forecast values. They are derived from EIAs
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS). The
model is driven primarily by data and assumptions about key
macroeconomic variables, the world oil price, and weather.
The coal forecast relies on other variables as well, such as alternative fuel prices (natural gas and oil) and power generation by
sources other than fossil fuels, including nuclear and hydroelectric power. Each month, EIA staff review the model output and
make adjustments, if appropriate, based on their knowledge of
developments in the coal industry.
The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web
at http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/.

Table 6.1 Sources

Production
1949September 1977: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry
Surveys.
October 1977 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Weekly Coal Production.
Waste Coal Supplied
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users; and,

for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System.
Imports and Exports
1949 forward: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, Monthly Reports IM 145 (Imports) and EM 545
(Exports).
Stock Change
1950 forward: Calculated from data in Table 6.3.
Losses and Unaccounted for
1949 forward: Calculated as the sum of production, imports,
and waste coal supplied, minus exports, stock change, and
consumption.
Consumption
1949 forward: Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 Sources

Residential and Commercial Total
Through 2007, coal consumption by the residential and
commercial sectors combined is reported to the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA). EIA estimates the sectors
individually using the method described in Note 2, Consumption, at the end of Section 6. Data for the residential and
commercial sectors combined are from:
19491976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of
Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400, Monthly
Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks. October
19771979: EIA, Form EIA-2, Monthly Coal Report, Retail
DealersUpper Lake Docks.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report,
quarterly.
19982007: DOI, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Form 7000-2, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportCoke Plants.
Commercial Total
Beginning in 2008, coal consumption by the commercial
(excluding residential) sector is reported to EIA. Data for total
commercial consumption are from:
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS).
Commercial CHP
1989 forward: Table 7.4c.
Commercial Other
1949 forward: Calculated as Commercial Total minus
Commercial CHP.

Industrial Coke Plants

1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook
and Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and
Coal ChemicalsMonthly/Annual Supplement.
19811984: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward:
EIA, Form EIA5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; and, for
forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial Total
1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and
Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771979: EIA, Form EIA-3, Monthly Coal
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, and Form EIA-6,
Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, Form EIA-6A, Coal
Distribution Report, annual, and Form EIA-7A, Coal
Production Report, annual.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and
Institutional Coal Users, and Form EIA-7A, Coal Production Report, annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial CHP
1989 forward: Table 7.4c.
Other Industrial Non-CHP
1949 forward: Calculated as Other Industrial Total minus
Other Industrial CHP.
Transportation
19491976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977:
DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
Electric Power
1949 forward: Table 7.4b.

Table 6.3 Sources

Producers and Distributors
19731979: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Form 6-1419Q, Distribution of Bituminous Coal and Lignite Shipments.
19801997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-6A, Coal Distribution Report,
annual.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-7A, Coal Production
Report, annual, and Form EIA-8A, Coal Stocks Report,

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated

Forecasting System (STIFS).
Residential and Commercial
19491976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977:
DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
October 19771979: EIA, Form EIA-2, Monthly Coal
Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Coke Plants
1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and
Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and Coal
ChemicalsMonthly/Annual.

19811984:
EIA, Form EIA 5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward: EIA, Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants and, for
forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Other
1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and
Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771979: EIA, Form EIA-3, Monthly Coal
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users; and, for forecast values,
EIA, STIFS.
Electric Power
1949 forward: Table 7.5.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

7. Electricity

Figure 7.1

Electricity Overview
(Billion Kilowatthours)

Overview, 2013
5,000
3,899

4,000

3,692

3,000
2,000
1,000
11

148

Commercial

Industrial

Imports

Exports

0
Electric
Power

Net Generation

139
Retail
Salesa

Trade

Net Generation by Sector, 19892013

Direct
Useb
End Use

Net Generation by Sector, Monthly

500

5,000

Totalc

400

4,000

Totalc
Electric Power

3,000

300
Electric Power

2,000

200

1,000

100
Industrial

Industrial

0
1990

1995

2000

2005

J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND

2010

2012

2013

2014

Trade, 19492013
70
Imports

60
50
40
30

Exports

20
10
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

a
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service providers.
b
See Direct Use in Glossary.

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Includes commercial sector.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.
Source: Table 7.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.1 Electricity Overview

(Billion Kilowatthours)
Net Generation
Electric
Power
Sectora
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Commercial
Sectorb

Trade

Industrial
Sectorc

Total

Importsd

Exportsd

Net
Importsd

T&D Lossese
and
Unaccounted
forf

End Use
Retail
Salesg

Direct
Useh

Total

329
547
756
1,055
1,532
1,918
2,286
2,470
2,901
3,194
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
4,005
3,974
3,810
3,972
3,948

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
8
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
10

5
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
c 131
151
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
143
137
132
144
142

334
550
759
1,058
1,535
1,921
2,290
2,473
3,038
3,353
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
4,157
4,119
3,950
4,125
4,100

2
5
5
4
6
11
25
46
18
43
49
39
37
30
34
44
43
51
57
52
45
52

(s)
(s)
1
4
4
5
4
5
16
4
15
16
16
24
23
19
24
20
24
18
19
15

2
4
5
(s)
2
6
21
41
2
39
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
34
26
37

44
58
76
104
145
180
216
190
203
229
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
298
287
261
265
255

291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,713
3,013
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
3,733
3,597
3,754
3,750

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125
151
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
126
132
127
132
133

291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,837
3,164
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
3,890
3,865
3,724
3,886
3,883

2012 January ................

326
297
296
283
324
348
400
381
322
299
293
321
3,890

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

12
12
12
11
12
12
13
13
12
12
12
13
146

340
309
309
295
337
361
415
396
335
312
306
335
4,048

4
4
4
5
5
5
7
6
5
4
5
4
59

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12

3
3
3
4
4
4
6
5
4
4
4
3
47

20
14
17
18
33
28
37
24
9
13
20
29
263

311
287
284
271
297
325
371
365
318
291
278
297
3,695

E 12
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 13
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 12

323
298
295
281
308
337
383
377
329
302
290
309
3,832

2013 January ................

335
297
312
286
309
343
380
370
327
302
301
338
3,899

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

13
12
13
11
12
12
13
13
12
12
12
13
148

348
309
325
298
322
356
394
384
340
315
314
352
4,058

5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
64

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

4
4
4
3
5
5
5
6
4
4
4
4
52

23
14
23
16
28
32
31
27
12
15
27
30
279

318
289
294
275
287
317
356
350
321
292
279
314
3,692

E 12
E 11
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12

E 139

330
300
306
285
298
329
368
363
332
303
291
326
3,831

2014 January ................

363
312
319
285
312
345
371
370
2,676

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8

13
11
12
11
11
12
12
12
95

377
324
332
297
324
357
385
383
2,779

5
4
5
4
5
5
6
6
40

1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
10

4
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
30

30
7
24
16
29
31
31
29
196

339
309
300
273
288
319
347
348
2,523

E 12
E 11
E 11
E 10
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 90

351
320
311
283
299
330
359
360
2,613

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

2,631
2,656

8
8

99
97

2,737
2,761

44
41

8
8

36
32

195
191

2,485
2,510

E 93
E 92

2,578
2,602

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
b Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants. Through 1988, data are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
d Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus
exports.
e Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the
point of generation and delivery to the customer). See Note 2, "Electrical System
Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
f Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning

138

in 1996, other energy service providers.

h Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 7.2

Electricity Net Generation

(Billion Kilowatthours)

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 19492013

2,500
Coal

2,000

1,500
Natural Gas

Renewable Energya

1,000

Nuclear Electric Power

500
Petroleum

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, Monthly

Electric Power Sector, Major Sources, 2013

200

2,000

Nuclear Electric
Power
Coal

2010

1,572

150

1,500

100

Natural Gas

1,020

1,000

789
50

487

500
Renewable Energya
Petroleum

Commercial Sector, Major Sources, 2013

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

Coal

Natural
Gas

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Renewable
Energya

Petroleum

Industrial Sector, Major Sources, 2013

100
6.4

87.4

6
80
5
60

4
3

2.5

27.7

2
20

0.8

13.0

0.2
0

3.4

2.5

0
Natural
Gas

Waste

Coal

Petroleum

a
Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar/PV,
and wind.
b
Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived
from fossil fuels.

8.9

Natural
Gas

Wood

Coal

Other
Gases b

Hydro- Petroleum
electric
Power c

Conventional hydroelectric power.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.
Sources: Tables 7.2a7.2c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

(Sum of Tables 7.2b and 7.2c; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels

Petroleumb

Coala

Natural
Gasc

Renewable Energy

Other
Gasesd

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Conventional
HydroHydroelectric
Pumped electric
Storagee Powerf

Biomass

Woodg

Wasteh

Geothermal

Solar/
PVi

Wind

Totalj

1950 Total ................

1955 Total ................
1960 Total ................
1965 Total ................
1970 Total ................
1975 Total ................
1980 Total ................
1985 Total ................
1990 Totalk ..............
1995 Total ................
2000 Total ................
2001 Total ................
2002 Total ................
2003 Total ................
2004 Total ................
2005 Total ................
2006 Total ................
2007 Total ................
2008 Total ................
2009 Total ................
2010 Total ................
2011 Total ................

154,520
301,363
403,067
570,926
704,394
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,594,011
1,709,426
1,966,265
1,903,956
1,933,130
1,973,737
1,978,301
2,012,873
1,990,511
2,016,456
1,985,801
1,755,904
1,847,290
1,733,430

33,734
44,559
37,138
95,285
47,987
157,970
64,801
221,559
184,183
372,890
289,095
299,778
245,994
346,240
100,202
291,946
126,460
372,765
74,554
496,058
111,221
601,038
124,880
639,129
94,567
691,006
119,406
649,908
121,145
710,100
122,225
760,960
64,166
816,441
65,739
896,590
46,243
882,981
38,937
920,979
37,061
987,697
30,182 1,013,689

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,383
13,870
13,955
9,039
11,463
15,600
15,252
13,464
14,177
13,453
11,707
10,632
11,313
11,566

0
0
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204

(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
-5,501
-6,421

100,885
116,236
149,440
196,984
250,957
303,153
279,182
284,311
292,866
310,833
275,573
216,961
264,329
275,806
268,417
270,321
289,246
247,510
254,831
273,445
260,203
319,355

390
276
140
269
136
18
275
743
32,522
36,521
37,595
35,200
38,665
37,529
38,117
38,856
38,762
39,014
37,300
36,050
37,172
37,449

NA
NA
NA
NA
220
174
158
640
13,260
20,405
23,131
14,548
15,044
15,812
15,421
15,420
16,099
16,525
17,734
18,443
18,917
19,222

NA
NA
33
189
525
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
15,219
15,316

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
1,212
1,818

6
2,789
3,164
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
94,652
120,177

334,088
550,299
759,156
1,058,386
1,535,111
1,920,755
2,289,600
2,473,002
3,037,827
3,353,487
3,802,105
3,736,644
3,858,452
3,883,185
3,970,555
4,055,423
4,064,702
4,156,745
4,119,388
3,950,331
4,125,060
4,100,141

2012 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................

129,091
113,872
105,526
96,285
115,983
131,261
160,450
152,181
125,589
120,999
128,727
134,079
1,514,043

2,477
90,761
1,902
90,610
1,541
92,251
1,503
94,829
1,730
107,352
2,068
115,598
2,340
138,863
2,118
131,736
1,860
108,012
1,805
91,725
1,810
80,169
2,036
83,989
23,190 1,225,894

1,017
1,044
1,076
1,057
1,002
972
1,042
1,050
904
895
875
963
11,898

72,381
63,847
61,729
55,871
62,081
65,140
69,129
69,602
64,511
59,743
56,713
68,584
769,331

-348
-237
-281
-265
-371
-507
-619
-529
-431
-378
-409
-576
-4,950

23,107
20,283
25,909
26,294
28,643
26,659
26,491
23,034
17,604
16,501
18,732
22,984
276,240

3,314
3,111
3,034
2,704
2,937
3,081
3,352
3,370
3,227
3,113
3,190
3,365
37,799

1,601
1,504
1,623
1,583
1,654
1,612
1,721
1,726
1,626
1,716
1,684
1,773
19,823

1,263
1,193
1,285
1,248
1,304
1,277
1,321
1,304
1,300
1,329
1,347
1,390
15,562

95
135
231
319
463
527
510
461
458
431
347
349
4,327

13,632
11,052
14,026
12,709
12,541
11,972
8,822
8,469
8,790
12,636
11,649
14,524
140,822

339,528
309,389
309,091
295,228
336,518
360,826
414,640
395,700
334,585
311,651
305,975
334,635
4,047,765

2013 January ............

138,265
123,828
130,961
112,232
119,898
138,849
153,304
149,875
133,577
121,474
121,431
142,304
1,585,998

2,708
88,012
1,974
79,874
2,011
84,281
1,887
77,128
2,410
83,063
2,341
98,517
2,839
119,274
2,469
119,480
2,108
101,102
1,883
88,049
1,807
83,110
2,426
91,777
26,863 1,113,665

998
877
989
925
1,059
1,015
1,150
1,144
1,037
966
1,064
1,048
12,271

71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,017

-463
-300
-409
-288
-355
-355
-345
-454
-389
-320
-345
-402
-4,424

25,114
20,511
20,654
24,758
28,549
27,308
27,240
21,712
16,929
17,307
17,732
21,323
269,136

3,424
3,141
3,372
2,701
3,140
3,287
3,526
3,586
3,396
3,327
3,413
3,623
39,937

1,632
1,435
1,708
1,634
1,747
1,702
1,750
1,717
1,624
1,659
1,652
1,696
19,957

1,443
1,301
1,424
1,330
1,357
1,377
1,404
1,379
1,356
1,425
1,298
1,424
16,517

319
479
667
734
827
930
861
1,001
979
967
750
737
9,252

14,633
13,907
15,643
17,294
16,264
13,766
11,146
9,593
11,709
13,720
15,888
14,100
167,665

348,490
309,435
325,301
298,074
321,834
356,224
393,799
383,968
340,293
314,683
313,752
352,357
4,058,209

2014 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
8-Month Total

157,699
143,908
137,004
109,686
119,483
138,241
150,134
149,006
1,105,161

7,130
2,788
3,283
1,730
2,006
2,023
2,037
2,055
23,051

90,489
74,987
77,506
75,975
87,700
97,466
113,916
121,176
739,215

947
760
845
778
926
960
1,081
1,072
7,369

73,064
62,639
62,397
56,385
62,947
68,138
71,940
71,129
528,639

-263
-419
-398
-362
-603
-611
-467
-769
-3,892

21,616
17,430
24,243
25,075
26,442
25,854
24,268
19,786
184,714

3,635
3,271
3,574
3,219
3,373
3,634
3,788
3,712
28,207

1,583
1,344
1,628
1,608
1,628
1,597
1,738
1,741
12,866

1,396
1,257
1,376
1,359
1,385
1,336
1,364
1,357
10,829

774
858
1,355
1,607
1,880
2,061
1,874
1,937
12,346

17,989
14,001
17,779
18,747
15,532
15,691
12,096
10,187
122,022

377,019
323,662
331,595
296,766
323,731
357,419
384,839
383,494
2,778,525

2013 8-Month Total

2012 8-Month Total

1,067,212
1,004,649

18,638
15,679

749,627
861,998

8,156
8,261

523,765
519,781

-2,968
-3,157

195,846
200,420

26,177
24,904

13,325
13,024

11,015
10,196

5,818
2,741

112,247
93,223

2,737,125
2,760,919

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane.
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only;
hydroelectric data through 1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities.
Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers,
commercial plants, and industrial plants.
NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See sources for Tables 7.2b and 7.2c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels

Petroleumb

Coala

Natural
Gasc

Renewable Energy

Other
Gasesd

Nuclear
Electric
Power

Conventional
HydroHydroelectric
Pumped electric
Storagee Powerf

Biomass

Woodg

Wasteh

Geothermal

Solar/
PVi

Wind

Totalj

44,559
95,285
157,970
221,559
372,890
299,778
346,240
291,946
309,486
419,179
517,978
554,940
607,683
567,303
627,172
683,829
734,417
814,752
802,372
841,006
901,389
926,290

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
621
1,927
2,028
586
1,970
2,647
3,568
3,777
4,254
4,042
3,200
3,058
2,967
2,939

0
0
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204

(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
-5,501
-6,421

95,938
112,975
145,833
193,851
247,714
300,047
276,021
281,149
289,753
305,410
271,338
213,749
260,491
271,512
265,064
267,040
286,254
245,843
253,096
271,506
258,455
317,531

390
276
140
269
136
18
275
743
7,032
7,597
8,916
8,294
9,009
9,528
9,736
10,570
10,341
10,711
10,638
10,738
11,446
10,733

NA
NA
NA
NA
220
174
158
640
11,500
17,986
20,307
12,944
13,145
13,808
13,062
13,031
13,927
14,294
15,379
15,954
16,376
15,989

NA
NA
33
189
525
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
15,219
15,316

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
1,206
1,727

6
2,789
3,164
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
94,636
120,121

329,141
547,038
755,549
1,055,252
1,531,868
1,917,649
2,286,439
2,469,841
2,901,322
3,194,230
3,637,529
3,580,053
3,698,458
3,721,159
3,808,360
3,902,192
3,908,077
4,005,343
3,974,349
3,809,837
3,972,386
3,948,186

127,874
112,774
104,410
95,284
114,930
130,147
159,178
150,941
124,496
119,952
127,648
132,923
1,500,557

2,132
83,122
1,672
83,308
1,304
85,001
1,287
87,748
1,527
99,625
1,840
107,685
2,086
130,133
1,821
123,160
1,595
100,267
1,556
84,207
1,515
72,601
1,737
75,934
20,072 1,132,791

263
256
261
254
244
253
266
266
232
225
211
253
2,984

72,381
63,847
61,729
55,871
62,081
65,140
69,129
69,602
64,511
59,743
56,713
68,584
769,331

-348
-237
-281
-265
-371
-507
-619
-529
-431
-378
-409
-576
-4,950

22,830
20,041
25,672
26,113
28,427
26,482
26,352
22,880
17,443
16,306
18,518
22,795
273,859

971
912
892
716
813
935
1,047
1,060
949
876
911
968
11,050

1,353
1,250
1,353
1,317
1,386
1,369
1,444
1,432
1,362
1,422
1,389
1,478
16,555

1,263
1,193
1,285
1,248
1,304
1,277
1,321
1,304
1,300
1,329
1,347
1,390
15,562

91
129
221
305
445
508
492
445
439
415
335
339
4,164

13,624
11,045
14,019
12,702
12,535
11,967
8,818
8,465
8,785
12,628
11,642
14,517
140,749

326,186
296,790
296,498
283,182
323,599
347,760
400,315
381,494
321,586
298,905
293,046
320,996
3,890,358

2013 January ............

137,168
122,759
129,790
111,221
118,735
137,631
151,994
148,684
132,449
120,361
120,290
141,097
1,572,179

2,428
79,820
1,799
72,491
1,766
76,346
1,644
70,014
2,136
75,479
2,089
90,813
2,561
111,040
2,201
111,354
1,871
93,574
1,682
80,497
1,673
75,197
2,245
83,337
24,094 1,019,962

244
198
220
226
274
284
323
321
303
295
333
325
3,345

71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,017

-463
-300
-409
-288
-355
-355
-345
-454
-389
-320
-345
-402
-4,424

24,794
20,163
20,352
24,501
28,225
27,010
26,925
21,473
16,698
17,077
17,527
20,994
265,738

1,016
908
1,011
669
921
985
1,094
1,172
1,091
1,038
1,124
1,200
12,228

1,344
1,172
1,410
1,358
1,469
1,413
1,449
1,407
1,327
1,347
1,346
1,376
16,416

1,443
1,301
1,424
1,330
1,357
1,377
1,404
1,379
1,356
1,425
1,298
1,424
16,517

308
461
642
704
794
896
831
962
943
933
728
716
8,918

14,626
13,899
15,634
17,284
16,254
13,758
11,139
9,587
11,702
13,713
15,879
14,091
167,567

334,716
296,860
311,758
286,013
308,782
342,970
379,613
370,063
327,318
301,805
300,597
338,299
3,898,792

2014 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
8-Month Total

156,370
142,691
135,755
108,652
118,389
137,027
148,884
147,819
1,095,587

6,780
2,562
3,038
1,568
1,865
1,850
1,877
1,890
21,429

82,449
67,888
69,871
68,974
80,732
90,252
106,007
113,254
679,427

304
241
240
232
336
303
348
370
2,374

73,064
62,639
62,397
56,385
62,947
68,138
71,940
71,129
528,639

-263
-419
-398
-362
-603
-611
-467
-769
-3,892

21,268
17,179
24,034
24,889
26,241
25,654
24,094
19,579
182,939

1,263
1,112
1,225
937
1,017
1,272
1,286
1,302
9,414

1,281
1,098
1,343
1,317
1,355
1,315
1,427
1,438
10,573

1,396
1,257
1,376
1,359
1,385
1,336
1,364
1,357
10,829

754
841
1,321
1,565
1,831
2,008
1,826
1,890
12,036

17,977
13,991
17,767
18,733
15,520
15,676
12,085
10,178
121,927

363,189
311,554
318,574
284,793
311,611
344,815
371,291
370,060
2,675,887

2013 8-Month Total

2012 8-Month Total

1,057,982
995,538

16,623
13,669

687,356
799,782

2,089
2,063

523,765
519,781

-2,968
-3,157

193,443
198,797

7,777
7,346

11,021
10,905

11,015
10,196

5,597
2,636

112,182
93,176

2,630,774
2,655,824

1950 Total ................

154,520
301,363
403,067
570,926
704,394
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,572,109
1,686,056
1,943,111
1,882,826
1,910,613
1,952,714
1,957,188
1,992,054
1,969,737
1,998,390
1,968,838
1,741,123
1,827,738
1,717,891

2012 January ............

33,734
37,138
47,987
64,801
184,183
289,095
245,994
100,202
118,864
68,146
105,192
119,149
89,733
113,697
114,678
116,482
59,708
61,306
42,881
35,811
34,679
28,202

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilites and independent power producers.
NA=Not available.
Notes:

The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See
Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.2c Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Commercial Sectora

Industrial Sectorb

Biomass
Petroleumd

Coalc
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Natural
Gase

Wastef

Totalg

Coalc

Petroleumd

Natural
Gase

Other
Gasesh

Hydroelectric
Poweri

Biomass
Woodj

Wastef

Totalk

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
796
998
1,097
995
992
1,206
1,340
1,353
1,310
1,371
1,261
1,096
1,111
1,049

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
589
379
432
438
431
423
499
375
235
189
142
163
124
89

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,272
5,162
4,262
4,434
4,310
3,899
3,969
4,249
4,355
4,257
4,188
4,225
4,725
5,487

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
812
1,519
1,985
1,007
1,053
1,289
1,562
1,657
1,599
1,599
1,534
1,748
1,672
2,315

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,837
8,232
7,903
7,416
7,415
7,496
8,270
8,492
8,371
8,273
7,926
8,165
8,592
10,080

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
21,107
22,372
22,056
20,135
21,525
19,817
19,773
19,466
19,464
16,694
15,703
13,686
18,441
14,490

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7,008
6,030
5,597
5,293
4,403
5,285
5,967
5,368
4,223
4,243
3,219
2,963
2,258
1,891

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
60,007
71,717
78,798
79,755
79,013
78,705
78,959
72,882
77,669
77,580
76,421
75,748
81,583
81,911

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9,641
11,943
11,927
8,454
9,493
12,953
11,684
9,687
9,923
9,411
8,507
7,574
8,343
8,624

4,946
3,261
3,607
3,134
3,244
3,106
3,161
3,161
2,975
5,304
4,135
3,145
3,825
4,222
3,248
3,195
2,899
1,590
1,676
1,868
1,668
1,799

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25,379
28,868
28,652
26,888
29,643
27,988
28,367
28,271
28,400
28,287
26,641
25,292
25,706
26,691

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
949
900
839
596
846
715
797
733
572
631
821
740
869
917

4,946
3,261
3,607
3,134
3,244
3,106
3,161
3,161
130,830
151,025
156,673
149,175
152,580
154,530
153,925
144,739
148,254
143,128
137,113
132,329
144,082
141,875

2012 January ................

83
81
74
66
69
79
83
81
66
57
67
77
883

15
16
12
17
12
21
19
19
15
20
16
16
196

543
531
537
510
541
585
716
620
537
513
488
483
6,603

186
182
188
187
193
180
198
208
196
200
199
203
2,319

916
900
911
888
930
975
1,135
1,046
930
904
876
888
11,301

1,135
1,017
1,041
935
984
1,035
1,189
1,159
1,026
990
1,012
1,079
12,603

330
214
225
199
191
207
234
279
250
229
280
283
2,922

7,096
6,771
6,713
6,571
7,186
7,327
8,013
7,956
7,209
7,006
7,080
7,573
86,500

754
788
815
803
758
719
776
784
672
670
664
709
8,913

275
240
234
178
212
175
137
152
159
192
213
186
2,353

2,340
2,197
2,140
1,986
2,122
2,144
2,303
2,308
2,277
2,235
2,277
2,394
26,725

62
72
82
79
75
62
79
85
68
94
96
93
948

12,425
11,699
11,681
11,158
11,988
12,091
13,190
13,160
12,069
11,841
12,052
12,751
146,107

2013 January ................

76
83
72
55
67
75
77
66
54
54
51
69
799

34
25
16
16
18
17
27
17
16
16
16
30
248

558
503
516
440
491
512
606
587
543
500
528
566
6,351

202
184
217
195
200
205
213
218
212
218
209
222
2,496

980
904
955
841
909
948
1,065
1,041
972
923
928
1,014
11,480

1,020
986
1,099
956
1,097
1,142
1,233
1,125
1,075
1,059
1,090
1,138
13,020

246
150
229
227
256
235
251
251
221
185
117
151
2,521

7,634
6,880
7,419
6,674
7,093
7,192
7,628
7,539
6,984
7,052
7,385
7,873
87,352

755
678
769
700
785
731
827
823
734
671
731
722
8,926

317
345
298
253
320
295
312
235
230
228
204
326
3,363

2,406
2,230
2,359
2,029
2,218
2,300
2,429
2,412
2,303
2,288
2,285
2,418
27,678

86
79
81
81
78
84
88
92
85
95
97
98
1,044

12,795
11,671
12,589
11,220
12,143
12,306
13,121
12,864
12,003
11,955
12,227
13,044
147,937

2014 January ................

105
97
88
62
57
68
69
54
599

128
44
46
17
16
14
16
16
297

564
516
514
488
495
535
581
596
4,289

213
177
204
210
200
204
226
226
1,659

1,137
943
995
934
937
998
1,069
1,069
8,081

1,225
1,121
1,162
971
1,038
1,146
1,180
1,132
8,975

222
182
199
145
125
159
144
150
1,325

7,476
6,583
7,121
6,514
6,473
6,679
7,328
7,326
55,499

643
519
605
546
590
657
733
702
4,995

344
247
205
181
197
196
172
204
1,747

2,367
2,154
2,342
2,279
2,347
2,353
2,494
2,403
18,738

89
69
82
82
73
78
84
78
635

12,694
11,166
12,026
11,039
11,182
11,607
12,478
12,366
94,558

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

572
615

170
130

4,214
4,583

1,635
1,521

7,643
7,702

8,658
8,496

1,846
1,880

58,057
57,633

6,067
6,198

2,376
1,603

18,384
17,541

669
598

98,708
97,393

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
g Includes a small amount of conventional hydroelectric power, other gases,
photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, wood, and other, which are not separately
displayed.
h Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.

i Conventional hydroelectric power.
j Wood and wood-derived fuels.
k Includes photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001,
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 7.3

Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

Coal by Sector, 19892013

Petroleum by Sector, 19892013

300

1.2

250

Totala

Electric Power
Million Barrels

Billion Short Tons

0.9

0.6

200
150
Electric Power

100

0.3
50
Industrial

Industrial
0

0.0
1990

1995

2000

2005

1990

2010

1995

2000

2005

2010

Other Gasesb by Sector, 19892013

Natural Gas by Sector, 19892013

200

Totala

8
Total

Trillion Btu

Trillion Cubic Feet

150
a

Electric Power

100
Industrial
50

Electric Power
Industrial

0
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Wood by Sector, 19892013

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Waste by Sector, 19892013

400

750

300

Total

200

Electric Power

Totala

250

Industrial

Trillion Btu

500

100
Industrial

Electric Power
0

0
1990
a

1995

2000

2005

2010

Includes commercial sector.

Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas .
b

Commercial
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.

Sources: Tables 7.3a7.3c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c)
Petroleum
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons

Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Residual
Fuel Oilc

Other
Liquidsd

Thousand Barrels

Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee

Totale

Natural
Gasf

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Other
Gasesg

Woodh

Wastei

Otherj

Trillion Btu

1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................

91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
792,457
860,594
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
1,020,523
1,041,448
1,030,556
1,046,795
1,042,335
934,683
979,684
934,938

5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
18,143
19,615
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
20,163
20,651
13,174
15,683
12,832
12,658
14,050
11,231

69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
190,652
95,507
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
142,088
141,518
58,473
63,833
38,191
28,576
23,997
14,251

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
437
680
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
2,856
2,968
2,174
2,917
2,822
2,328
2,056
1,844

NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,914
3,355
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
7,677
8,330
7,363
6,036
5,417
4,821
4,994
5,012

75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
218,800
132,578
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
203,494
206,785
110,634
112,615
80,932
67,668
65,071
52,387

629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,692
4,738
5,691
5,832
6,126
5,616
5,675
6,036
6,462
7,089
6,896
7,121
7,680
7,884

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
112
133
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
97
84
90
91

5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
442
480
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
339
320
350
348

NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
211
316
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
267
272
281
279

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
36
42
46
160
191
193
183
173
172
168
172
170
184
205

2012 January ................

70,744
62,974
57,468
51,806
62,801
71,656
86,516
82,676
69,478
66,486
69,913
73,217
825,734

856
666
627
701
885
877
954
752
656
703
749
857
9,285

1,019
775
889
811
850
1,305
1,585
1,134
839
912
804
832
11,755

57
103
114
100
129
137
143
128
95
107
94
357
1,565

476
363
226
212
255
280
307
338
314
280
314
308
3,675

4,315
3,358
2,762
2,674
3,140
3,719
4,220
3,704
3,161
3,124
3,215
3,585
40,977

677
672
704
742
843
912
1,118
1,039
835
700
612
630
9,485

9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
8
8
8
103

35
33
31
28
30
32
35
35
33
32
32
35
390

24
22
24
23
24
24
25
25
24
25
25
26
290

17
16
17
16
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
204

2013 January ................

74,985
67,141
70,395
60,899
64,737
75,178
83,223
81,984
72,704
66,359
65,902
77,283
860,790

1,014
676
654
661
816
681
1,085
693
661
606
733
1,016
9,294

1,569
1,010
832
827
817
903
1,466
979
831
801
744
1,174
11,952

231
134
96
110
116
92
156
103
110
87
106
163
1,505

382
313
371
347
475
481
480
495
452
408
309
378
4,893

4,726
3,386
3,435
3,334
4,123
4,082
5,108
4,251
3,862
3,535
3,127
4,245
47,214

660
593
632
587
641
765
939
929
777
665
629
694
8,512

9
8
9
8
10
9
10
10
9
9
10
9
109

32
29
32
25
30
32
34
35
32
32
33
35
380

23
21
24
23
24
24
25
24
23
24
23
26
285

14
13
15
14
15
16
16
16
15
15
14
16
182

2014 January ................

83,710
76,350
72,320
58,747
64,097
74,579
81,631
81,210
592,645

4,918
1,294
1,469
599
783
681
656
708
11,106

4,426
1,552
1,759
782
678
743
920
977
11,837

1,032
179
294
81
83
52
91
81
1,894

446
376
439
313
384
409
369
369
3,106

12,607
4,905
5,718
3,028
3,464
3,521
3,514
3,610
40,367

689
573
585
575
673
745
870
923
5,634

9
7
8
7
9
9
10
10
67

36
33
36
31
33
36
37
37
279

23
20
24
23
23
23
25
25
187

14
12
15
14
15
15
16
16
119

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

578,541
546,641

6,279
6,319

8,401
8,368

1,038
912

3,345
2,459

32,445
27,892

5,747
6,707

73
71

247
259

188
192

121
136

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 19491979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 19491979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011,
propane.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
h Wood and wood-derived fuels.
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).
j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include
fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See sources for Tables 7.3b and 7.3c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Petroleum
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons

Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Residual
Fuel Oilc

Other
Liquidsd

Thousand Barrels

Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee

Totale

Natural
Gasf

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Other
Gasesg

Woodh

Wastei

Otherj

Trillion Btu

1950 Total ....................

91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
781,301
847,854
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
1,012,459
1,033,567
1,022,802
1,041,346
1,036,891
929,692
971,245
928,857

5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,394
18,066
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
18,793
19,450
12,578
15,135
12,318
11,848
13,677
10,961

69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
183,285
88,895
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
138,831
138,337
56,347
62,072
37,222
27,768
23,560
13,861

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25
441
403
374
1,243
1,937
2,511
2,591
1,783
2,496
2,608
2,110
1,848
1,655

NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,008
2,452
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
7,135
7,877
6,905
5,523
5,000
4,485
4,679
4,726

75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
204,745
119,663
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
195,809
199,760
105,235
107,316
77,149
64,151
62,477
50,105

629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,147
4,094
5,014
5,142
5,408
4,909
5,075
5,485
5,891
6,502
6,342
6,567
7,085
7,265

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
18
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
23
21
20
18

5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
106
106
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
159
160
177
166

NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
180
282
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
242
244
249
241

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
122
115
116
133

2012 January ................

70,305
62,572
57,053
51,427
62,417
71,251
86,036
82,209
69,074
66,104
69,521
72,791
820,762

809
649
607
683
868
853
926
726
634
681
728
835
9,000

965
735
848
778
803
1,278
1,547
1,099
807
868
769
795
11,292

38
80
93
82
112
121
127
110
80
88
78
331
1,339

389
307
168
157
200
222
244
257
241
220
229
226
2,861

3,759
2,997
2,388
2,328
2,784
3,364
3,821
3,222
2,726
2,735
2,722
3,092
35,937

621
619
650
689
785
852
1,052
974
777
644
556
571
8,788

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
19

15
14
14
11
13
15
16
16
15
13
14
15
171

20
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
20
21
21
22
250

11
10
11
10
11
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
132

2013 January ................

74,596
66,767
69,973
60,534
64,318
74,740
82,750
81,553
72,293
65,968
65,509
76,857
855,856

987
658
636
639
796
662
1,053
668
643
587
716
998
9,044

1,497
963
801
801
785
871
1,419
949
807
776
718
1,121
11,507

218
129
88
100
99
86
148
95
101
82
97
150
1,393

323
284
305
281
403
412
410
426
387
356
279
342
4,207

4,317
3,171
3,052
2,943
3,696
3,677
4,669
3,842
3,486
3,226
2,925
3,978
42,981

600
538
574
535
586
708
878
869
723
610
571
633
7,825

2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
26

15
14
15
10
14
15
17
17
16
16
17
18
184

20
17
20
20
21
21
22
20
20
20
20
23
244

10
9
11
10
11
11
12
11
11
10
10
12
127

2014 January ................

83,248
75,927
71,881
58,381
63,702
74,140
81,179
80,771
589,229

4,833
1,263
1,439
578
766
665
634
687
10,866

4,219
1,474
1,678
758
653
715
893
951
11,340

1,013
167
279
77
76
45
85
69
1,812

404
332
389
267
349
372
338
337
2,788

12,087
4,564
5,342
2,748
3,241
3,284
3,302
3,391
37,959

631
521
529
524
621
693
813
867
5,199

3
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
22

19
18
19
15
16
19
19
19
145

20
17
20
20
20
20
22
21
160

10
9
11
10
11
11
11
11
83

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

575,230
543,272

6,100
6,121

8,085
8,053

963
762

2,844
1,945

29,366
24,662

5,288
6,241

16
13

117
114

161
165

85
88

100

j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include
fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. The electric power sector comprises
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.3c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Commercial Sectora

Industrial Sectorb
Biomass

1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Biomass

Coalc

Petroleumd

Natural
Gase

Wastef

Coalc

Petroleumd

Natural
Gase

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Trillion
Btu

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Other
Gasesg

Woodh

Wastef

Otheri

Trillion Btu

417
569
514
532
477
582
377
377
347
361
369
317
314
347

953
649
823
1,023
834
894
766
585
333
258
166
190
172
137

28
43
37
36
33
38
33
34
35
34
33
34
39
47

15
21
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
23
24
31

10,740
12,171
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
7,687
7,504
7,408
5,089
5,075
4,674
8,125
5,735

13,103
12,265
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
6,919
6,440
5,066
5,041
3,617
3,328
2,422
2,145

517
601
640
654
685
668
566
518
536
554
520
520
555
572

104
114
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
73
62
70
74

335
373
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
179
160
172
182

16
13
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
5
4
8
7

36
40
45
44
43
46
41
46
45
41
39
42
55
57

2012 January ................

29
27
26
23
22
26
28
28
24
21
25
27
307

29
19
17
17
25
24
33
28
19
22
24
24
279

5
5
5
5
5
6
7
6
5
5
4
4
63

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
33

410
374
388
356
361
379
452
439
381
361
366
398
4,665

528
342
357
329
332
332
367
454
417
366
469
469
4,761

51
49
48
48
53
55
59
59
53
52
51
55
633

7
7
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
84

19
18
17
17
17
18
19
19
18
18
19
20
219

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8

4
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
54

2013 January ................

31
28
29
23
26
28
28
26
23
20
22
25
309

54
32
15
17
19
21
42
20
18
15
17
41
312

5
5
5
4
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
60

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
33

359
347
393
342
394
410
444
404
388
371
371
401
4,624

355
183
368
374
408
384
397
388
357
294
185
225
3,921

55
50
53
48
50
52
55
55
50
50
53
56
628

7
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
7
6
7
6
84

17
16
16
15
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
17
195

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
37

2014 January ................

34
32
29
21
20
24
24
22
206

210
68
72
20
20
19
19
20
448

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
40

3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
22

429
391
410
344
375
415
428
418
3,210

310
272
304
260
203
218
192
200
1,960

53
47
51
46
47
48
52
51
395

6
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
46

16
15
17
16
17
17
18
18
133

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5

3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
24

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

219
209

220
189

40
45

22
22

3,093
3,159

2,859
3,040

419
422

57
58

130
144

5
5

24
36

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
h Wood and wood-derived fuels.

i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Through 1988,
data are not available. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note
2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1989.
Sources: 19891997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

101

Figure 7.4

Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output

Coal by Sector, 19892013

Petroleum by Sector, 19892013

360

1.2
Totala

270

Electric Power
Million Barrels

Billion Short Tons

0.9

0.6

Totala
180
Electric Power
90

0.3

Industrial
Industrial

0.0
1990

1995

2000

2005

1990

2010

1995

2000

2005

2010

Other Gasesb by Sector, 19892013

Natural Gas by Sector, 19892013

400

Totala

Electric Power

300
Trillion Btu

Trillion Cubic Feet

Totala

Industrial
200

100

Electric Power

Industrial
0

0
1990

1995

2000

2005

1990

2010

Wood by Sector, 19892013

1995

2000

2005

2010

Waste by Sector, 19892013

1.6

500
Total

400
Total
Industrial

Trillion Btu

Quadrillion Btu

1.2

0.8

300

200

Electric Power

0.4
100

Commercial

Electric Power
0.0
1990
a

1995

2000

2005

2010

Includes commercial sector.

Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas .
b

102

Industrial

0
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.

Sources: Tables 7.4a7.4c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.4a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.4b and 7.4c)
Petroleum
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons

Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Residual
Fuel Oilc

Other
Liquidsd

Thousand Barrels

Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee

Totale

Natural
Gasf

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Other
Gasesg

Woodh

Wastei

Otherj

Trillion Btu

1950 Total ....................

91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
811,538
881,012
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
1,069,606
1,064,503
955,190
1,001,411
956,470

5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
20,194
21,697
34,572
33,724
24,749
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
17,042
14,137
14,800
15,247
11,735

69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
209,081
112,168
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
74,616
43,477
33,672
26,944
16,877

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,332
1,322
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
4,237
3,765
3,218
2,777
2,540

NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
2,832
4,590
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
7,299
6,314
5,828
6,053
6,092

75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
244,765
158,140
217,494
234,940
183,409
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
132,389
92,948
80,830
75,231
61,610

629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
4,346
5,572
6,677
6,731
6,986
6,337
6,727
7,021
7,404
7,962
7,689
7,938
8,502
8,724

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
288
313
356
263
278
294
353
348
341
329
300
259
262
282

5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
1,256
1,382
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
1,336
1,263
1,137
1,226
1,241

NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
257
374
401
263
289
293
282
289
300
304
328
333
346
340

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
86
97
109
229
252
262
254
237
247
239
212
228
237
261

2012 January ................

72,764
64,771
59,077
53,176
64,319
73,142
88,115
84,307
70,951
68,030
71,512
74,901
845,066

1,119
726
670
736
914
919
986
779
685
735
781
896
9,945

1,251
907
1,019
936
998
1,437
1,734
1,286
970
1,104
956
974
13,571

117
154
208
152
181
178
185
171
130
154
138
418
2,185

605
470
335
299
346
380
426
471
430
397
435
426
5,021

5,510
4,139
3,570
3,320
3,825
4,434
5,034
4,590
3,935
3,979
4,052
4,416
50,805

752
742
774
813
916
987
1,201
1,119
907
771
681
706
10,371

26
26
27
27
26
25
26
26
23
23
23
25
302

110
104
103
96
103
104
109
111
107
106
107
112
1,273

29
27
30
28
29
28
30
30
28
31
32
33
355

21
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
252

2013 January ................

76,673
68,685
72,066
62,367
66,235
76,646
84,745
83,487
74,138
67,909
67,487
78,938
879,377

1,079
733
711
721
870
737
1,148
759
701
647
778
1,062
9,946

1,745
1,185
983
988
986
1,060
1,633
1,134
969
950
887
1,352
13,871

274
158
124
150
155
119
180
127
139
110
130
207
1,872

525
440
476
451
526
538
551
562
520
517
420
511
6,037

5,724
4,278
4,196
4,115
4,639
4,605
5,715
4,831
4,411
4,292
3,895
5,174
55,874

740
664
708
659
714
835
1,013
1,006
849
738
704
777
9,407

25
23
25
24
25
24
27
26
25
25
24
25
298

111
99
108
96
103
106
117
112
105
106
109
114
1,286

30
27
30
28
29
30
31
29
28
30
29
33
355

17
16
18
17
18
18
19
18
18
17
16
18
209

2014 January ................

85,411
77,935
74,028
60,223
65,543
75,963
83,073
82,640
604,815

5,145
1,372
1,541
657
827
730
711
759
11,743

4,781
1,776
1,978
931
831
908
1,076
1,123
13,404

1,125
218
341
98
111
78
112
117
2,200

530
429
499
368
407
428
467
473
3,601

13,703
5,514
6,356
3,524
3,802
3,856
4,234
4,363
45,352

772
651
662
645
742
815
941
998
6,227

24
22
23
22
23
24
26
25
189

110
101
109
105
109
112
115
117
878

29
25
30
28
28
28
31
30
230

17
14
17
17
17
18
18
18
137

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

590,905
559,672

6,758
6,848

9,713
9,568

1,286
1,346

4,069
3,332

38,103
34,423

6,340
7,305

199
209

852
842

235
231

140
168

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).
j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See sources for Tables 7.4b and 7.4c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

103

Table 7.4b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Petroleum
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons

Distillate
Fuel Oilb

Residual
Fuel Oilc

Other
Liquidsd

Thousand Barrels

Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee

Totale

Natural
Gasf

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Other
Gasesg

Woodh

Wastei

Otherj

Trillion Btu

1950 Total ....................

91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
782,567
850,230
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
975,052
932,484

5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,567
18,553
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
15,327
12,547
12,035
13,790
11,021

69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
184,915
90,023
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
63,086
38,241
28,782
24,503
14,803

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
26
499
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
2,594
2,670
2,210
1,877
1,658

NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,008
2,674
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
5,685
5,119
4,611
4,777
4,837

75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
206,550
122,447
185,358
206,291
156,996
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
109,431
79,056
66,081
64,055
51,667

629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,245
4,237
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
7,387
7,574

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
24
25
15
33
41
58
84
65
61
61
55
52
50

5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
196
182

NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
188
296
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
264
255

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
124
131
124
124
143

2012 January ................

70,594
62,804
57,266
51,593
62,648
71,480
86,283
82,484
69,309
66,343
69,740
73,009
823,551

834
667
610
686
873
856
931
729
637
685
732
839
9,080

1,057
796
898
841
883
1,364
1,624
1,178
884
951
850
877
12,203

38
80
93
82
112
121
127
110
80
88
78
331
1,339

400
318
178
166
211
228
253
267
250
229
238
236
2,974

3,930
3,131
2,493
2,439
2,924
3,481
3,949
3,353
2,852
2,866
2,851
3,226
37,495

649
645
674
714
812
880
1,082
1,004
803
669
580
600
9,111

5
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
5
54

17
16
16
13
14
16
18
18
16
15
15
16
190

22
20
22
21
22
22
23
23
21
22
23
24
262

12
11
12
11
12
12
13
12
12
12
12
12
143

2013 January ................

74,798
66,944
70,214
60,725
64,544
74,964
82,986
81,788
72,493
66,163
65,688
77,043
858,351

997
672
644
646
803
668
1,059
673
648
593
722
1,005
9,131

1,547
1,028
882
882
870
950
1,503
1,033
895
866
799
1,207
12,464

218
129
88
101
99
86
148
95
101
82
97
150
1,394

333
293
315
291
412
418
419
436
395
366
288
351
4,317

4,429
3,293
3,190
3,084
3,830
3,794
4,805
3,980
3,618
3,370
3,060
4,117
44,572

629
565
601
561
613
734
906
898
749
636
598
662
8,153

4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
53

17
15
17
12
16
17
19
20
18
18
19
20
207

22
19
22
21
22
22
22
21
21
22
21
24
258

11
10
11
11
12
12
13
12
11
11
11
12
136

2014 January ................

83,459
76,144
72,127
58,592
63,896
74,343
81,379
80,951
590,889

4,914
1,280
1,449
584
772
670
639
692
11,001

4,275
1,549
1,765
837
737
798
983
1,041
11,986

1,050
167
286
78
76
45
85
70
1,856

413
339
397
276
357
372
343
345
2,842

12,302
4,690
5,487
2,878
3,371
3,372
3,421
3,528
39,051

662
554
557
549
647
719
840
895
5,422

4
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
33

22
20
22
18
19
23
22
22
168

21
18
21
21
21
21
23
22
168

11
9
12
11
11
11
12
12
89

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

576,964
545,151

6,163
6,188

8,696
8,641

963
762

2,917
2,022

30,407
25,700

5,508
6,460

35
37

133
127

171
172

91
95

104

The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.4c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Commercial Sectora

Industrial Sectorb
Biomass

Biomass

Coalc

Petroleumd

Natural
Gase

Wastef

Coalc

Petroleumd

Natural
Gase

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

Trillion
Btu

Thousand
Short Tons

Thousand
Barrels

Billion
Cubic Feet

1,191
1,419
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,720
1,668

2,056
1,245
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
752
671
521
437
333

46
78
85
79
74
58
72
68
68
70
66
76
86
87

28
40
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
36
43

27,781
29,363
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
24,638
22,319

36,159
34,448
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
22,207
13,222
14,228
10,740
9,610

1,055
1,258
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
1,029
1,063

275
290
331
248
245
253
295
264
277
268
239
204
210
232

1,125
1,255
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
1,148
1,084
955
1,029
1,057

41
38
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
36
35
35
47
43

86
95
108
101
92
103
94
94
102
98
60
82
91
94

2012 January ................

155
135
128
102
108
109
120
120
107
101
124
141
1,450

87
29
31
19
27
28
61
41
27
31
38
39
457

9
9
9
9
9
10
12
11
9
9
8
8
111

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45

2,015
1,832
1,684
1,481
1,563
1,553
1,712
1,703
1,535
1,587
1,649
1,751
20,065

1,493
979
1,047
863
873
925
1,024
1,197
1,056
1,082
1,163
1,151
12,853

94
89
91
90
95
98
107
105
96
94
93
98
1,149

21
21
22
22
22
21
21
22
19
18
19
21
249

94
88
87
83
89
88
92
93
91
91
92
96
1,082

3
4
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
47

7
7
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
7
7
7
81

2013 January ................

148
139
136
108
114
105
103
105
100
98
120
134
1,412

86
54
29
26
30
32
61
36
33
28
30
69
514

9
9
9
8
8
8
10
10
8
8
9
10
107

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
46

1,728
1,601
1,716
1,533
1,577
1,576
1,656
1,594
1,545
1,647
1,679
1,760
19,613

1,208
930
976
1,005
779
779
849
816
759
894
805
988
10,788

102
91
98
90
93
93
97
98
91
93
97
105
1,147

21
19
21
20
21
20
22
21
20
20
19
20
245

94
84
91
83
87
89
98
92
87
88
90
94
1,077

5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
51

4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
46

2014 January ................

149
147
142
111
94
90
100
92
926

318
110
117
34
32
28
29
40
708

10
9
9
8
8
9
9
10
71

4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
30

1,803
1,644
1,759
1,520
1,553
1,530
1,594
1,597
13,000

1,083
714
752
611
398
456
784
795
5,594

101
88
96
88
86
88
92
94
733

20
18
20
18
19
20
21
20
157

88
80
87
88
90
89
93
94
709

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
32

4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
30

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

960
977

354
322

70
76

31
30

12,981
13,543

7,342
8,401

762
769

164
172

718
713

33
29

31
54

1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
h Wood and wood-derived fuels.

Other
Gasesg

Woodh

Wastef

Otheri

Trillion Btu

i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1989.
Sources: 19891997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

105

Figure 7.5

Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal, 19492013
200

Million Short Tons

150

100

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Total Petroleum, 19492013

Million Barrels

150

100

0
1950

1955

1960

Coal, Monthly

Total Petroleum, Monthly

250

30
Million Barrels

Million Short Tons

200

150

100

50
2012

2013

2014

0
J

2012

2014

0
J

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.

Source: Table 7.5.

106

2013

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Petroleum
Coala

Distillate Fuel Oilb

Thousand Short Tons

Residual Fuel Oilc

Other Liquidsd

Thousand Barrels

Petroleum Cokee

Totale,f

Thousand Short Tons

Thousand Barrels

1950 Year .............................

1955 Year .............................
1960 Year .............................
1965 Year .............................
1970 Year .............................
1975 Year .............................
1980 Year .............................
1985 Year .............................
1990 Year .............................
1995 Year .............................
2000 Yearg ...........................
2001 Year .............................
2002 Year .............................
2003 Year .............................
2004 Year .............................
2005 Year .............................
2006 Year .............................
2007 Year .............................
2008 Year .............................
2009 Year .............................
2010 Year .............................
2011 Year .............................

31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
174,917
172,387

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16,432
30,023
16,386
16,471
15,392
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
18,395
17,761
17,886
16,758
16,649

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
108,825
105,351
57,304
67,030
35,102
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
24,136
21,088
19,068
16,629
15,491

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
1,902
1,955
2,257
2,319
2,707

NA
NA
NA
NA
239
31
52
49
94
65
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
554
739
1,394
1,019
508

10,201
13,671
19,572
25,647
39,151
125,413
135,635
73,933
83,970
50,821
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
47,203
44,498
46,181
40,800
37,387

2012 January ........................

180,091
186,866
195,380
202,265
203,137
197,924
183,958
178,537
182,020
186,396
188,291
185,116

16,682
16,500
16,413
16,371
16,290
16,248
16,700
16,123
16,059
16,019
16,031
16,433

15,242
15,150
15,324
15,154
14,814
14,600
13,872
13,668
13,524
13,406
13,221
12,999

2,736
2,780
2,815
2,850
2,868
2,899
2,930
2,827
2,734
2,757
2,793
2,792

409
374
453
457
406
458
406
336
353
406
416
495

36,704
36,300
36,817
36,661
36,002
36,038
35,534
34,302
34,081
34,212
34,126
34,698

2013 January ........................

178,747
175,325
171,518
172,654
176,670
170,534
159,536
154,119
152,185
153,352
155,754
147,973

16,329
16,315
16,209
16,009
15,894
15,898
15,696
15,637
15,511
15,652
15,793
15,735

12,161
11,935
12,869
12,451
12,412
12,134
11,677
12,157
12,212
12,384
12,911
12,863

2,673
2,631
2,600
2,592
2,588
2,594
2,551
2,534
2,493
2,451
2,466
2,446

442
442
406
455
442
407
394
260
309
291
338
390

33,373
33,090
33,710
33,326
33,105
32,663
31,895
31,628
31,760
31,941
32,858
32,994

2014 January ........................

132,324
118,949
117,974
128,321
136,218
132,885
125,389
121,042

14,605
15,384
15,436
15,707
15,447
15,616
15,487
15,430

9,923
10,623
10,538
10,527
10,609
10,698
10,284
10,475

2,242
2,278
2,241
2,272
2,308
2,290
2,151
2,138

298
265
349
514
457
407
381
388

28,260
29,609
29,960
31,078
30,647
30,641
29,825
29,982

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite; excludes waste

coal.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2 and 4. For 19731979, data are for gas turbine and internal

combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also
include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 19731979, data are for steam plant stocks of
petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of
waste oil.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
f Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. Beginning in 1970, also includes
petroleum coke. Beginning in 2002, also includes other liquids.
g Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
NA=Not available.
Notes:

The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Stocks
are at end of period. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report." October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 19821988: U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." 19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and
Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA,
Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 forward: EIA, Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

107

Figure 7.6

Electricity End Use

(Billion Kilowatthours)
Retail Salesa by Sector, August 2014

Electricity End Use Overview, 19892013

150

5,000

135.2
126.5
4,000
Total

100
85.6

3,000

Retail Salesa

2,000

1,000
Direct Useb

0.6

Residential
1990

1995

2000

2005

Commercial

Industrial

Transportationd

2010

Retail Salesa by Sector, 19492013

1,500

Residential
Commercialc

Industrial
1,000

500

Transportation d

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

Retail Salesa by Sector, Monthly

1985

1995

2000

2005

2010

2,800
Commercialc

Residential

2,510

2,485

2,523

2012

2013

2014

2,400

125

2,000

100

1,600

1990

Retail Salesa Total, JanuaryAugust

175
150

1980

Industrial

1,200
800

400
Transportation d

0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014
a
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by utilities and
other energy service providers.
b
See Direct Use in Glossary.
c
Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, inte r-

108

departmental sales, and other sales to public authorites.

d
Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.
Source: Table 7.6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 7.6 Electricity End Use

(Million Kilowatthours)
Discontinued
Retail Sales Series

Retail Salesa
Transportationd

Residential

Commercialb

Industrialc

72,200
128,401
201,463
291,013
466,291
588,140
717,495
793,934
924,019
1,042,501
1,192,446
1,201,607
1,265,180
1,275,824
1,291,982
1,359,227
1,351,520
1,392,241
1,379,981
1,364,474
1,445,708
1,422,801

E 65,971
E 102,547
E 159,144
E 231,126
E 352,041
E 468,296

E 6,793
E 5,826
E 3,066
E 2,923
E 3,115
E 2,974

558,643
689,121
838,263
953,117
1,159,347
1,190,518
1,204,531
1,198,728
1,230,425
1,275,079
1,299,744
1,336,315
1,335,981
1,307,168
1,330,199
1,328,057

146,479
259,974
324,402
428,727
570,854
687,680
815,067
836,772
945,522
1,012,693
1,064,239
996,609
990,238
1,012,373
1,017,850
1,019,156
1,011,298
1,027,832
1,009,300
917,442
970,873
991,316

2012 January ................

125,881
107,975
99,362
88,103
100,895
122,934
154,579
147,941
118,831
96,669
97,155
114,188
1,374,515

105,239
100,080
102,474
101,037
110,800
118,009
128,535
128,106
116,585
110,471
101,641
104,122
1,327,101

2013 January ................

131,354
112,857
111,784
95,297
94,978
117,708
143,438
137,734
121,114
98,656
97,812
128,357
1,391,090

2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
8-Month Total .....
2013 8-Month Total .....
2012 8-Month Total .....

Total
Retail Salese

Direct Usef

Total
End Useg

Commercial
(Old) h

Other
(Old) i

3,244
4,147
4,751
4,975
5,382
5,724
5,517
6,810
7,224
7,506
7,358
8,173
7,700
7,781
7,712
7,672

291,443
496,748
688,075
953,789
1,392,300
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,712,555
3,013,287
3,421,414
3,394,458
3,465,466
3,493,734
3,547,479
3,660,969
3,669,919
3,764,561
3,732,962
3,596,865
3,754,493
3,749,846

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
124,529
150,677
170,943
162,649
166,184
168,295
168,470
150,016
146,927
125,670
132,197
126,938
131,910
132,754

291,443
496,748
688,075
953,789
1,392,300
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,837,084
3,163,963
3,592,357
3,557,107
3,631,650
3,662,029
3,715,949
3,810,984
3,816,845
3,890,231
3,865,159
3,723,803
3,886,403
3,882,600

50,637
79,389
130,702
200,470
306,703
403,049
488,155
605,989
751,027
862,685
1,055,232
1,083,069
1,104,497

22,127
28,984
31,508
33,580
48,452
68,222
73,732
87,279
91,988
95,407
109,496
113,174
105,552

79,205
78,298
81,298
81,030
84,678
83,619
87,219
88,105
82,060
82,996
78,847
78,360
985,714

650
629
597
590
595
597
629
633
613
599
569
619
7,320

310,975
286,983
283,731
270,760
296,968
325,160
370,963
364,785
318,090
290,735
278,212
297,288
3,694,650

E 11,668
E 11,018
E 11,013
E 10,535
E 11,297
E 11,427
E 12,528
E 12,423
E 11,368
E 11,146
E 11,306
E 11,927

322,643
298,001
294,744
281,294
308,266
336,586
383,490
377,208
329,457
301,882
289,518
309,216
3,832,306

107,400
100,722
103,839
101,385
108,883
117,670
127,735
127,369
118,977
112,171
103,449
108,849
1,338,448

78,141
74,453
78,097
77,633
82,086
81,411
83,703
84,701
80,298
80,463
77,536
76,205
954,725

656
649
633
623
619
629
637
634
631
589
562
665
7,525

317,551
288,681
294,352
274,937
286,566
317,418
355,513
350,437
321,020
291,879
279,359
314,076
3,691,789

E 12,046
E 10,997
E 11,844
E 10,548
E 11,414
E 11,591
E 12,406
E 12,160
E 11,347
E 11,262
E 11,504
E 12,294
E 139,414

329,597
299,678
306,196
285,484
297,980
329,010
367,919
362,598
332,367
303,141
290,863
326,369
3,831,203

146,435
130,478
114,158
92,188
95,507
117,630
136,239
135,247
967,881

114,230
104,662
106,873
102,403
109,713
118,776
126,080
126,527
909,264

77,616
73,135
78,081
77,638
82,174
82,282
84,179
85,597
640,702

724
723
645
634
655
615
653
642
5,291

339,006
308,997
299,756
272,863
288,049
319,302
347,151
348,014
2,523,138

E 12,095
E 10,589
E 11,387
E 10,471
E 10,599
E 11,023
E 11,848
E 11,749
E 89,760

351,100
319,586
311,143
283,334
298,648
330,325
358,998
359,762
2,612,898

945,150
947,671

895,002
894,282

640,224
663,451

5,078
4,920

2,485,455
2,510,325

E 93,007
E 91,908

2,578,462
2,602,233

a Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
b Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
c Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning
in 2003, includes agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
e The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
f Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
g The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
h "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for the commercial

137,657

sector, excluding public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and
other sales to public authorities.
i "Other (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and
irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

109

Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through
1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions
(such as universities) and military facilities that generated
electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985,
data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military
facilities. Data for independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a
generator nameplate capacity of one megawatt or greater;
they exclude plants with a generator nameplate capacity
less than one megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity
statistics in Section 7 are data for residential and commercial self-generation from solar energy, except for the small
amount sold to the grid and included in data for the electric
power sector.

Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into EnergyUse Sectors. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only
and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use
sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a
NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power
Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11
(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining,
including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 3133
(manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and
22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned
to the Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are
assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report, asks respondents to
indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigning a
NAICS code from the list at
http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_860/instructions.pdf.

Table 7.1 Sources

Net Generation, Electric Power Sector
1949 forward: Table 7.2b.

Net Generation, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

1949 forward: Table 7.2c.

19841986: DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across

International Borders.
1987 and 1988: DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
1989: DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
19902000: National Energy Board of Canada; and DOE,
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form
FE-781R, Annual Report of International Electrical
Export/Import Data.
2001May 2011: National Energy Board of Canada; DOE,
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form
OE-781R, Monthly Electricity Imports and Exports
Report, and predecessor form; and California Independent
System Operator.
June 2011 forward: National Energy Board of Canada;
California Independent System Operator; and EIA estimates
for Texas transfers.

T&D Losses and Unaccounted for

1949 forward: Calculated as the sum of total net generation
and imports minus end use and exports.

End Use
1949 forward: Table 7.6.

Table 7.2b Sources

1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19821988:
U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.

Trade
1949September 1977:
Unpublished Federal Power
Commission data.
October 19771980: Unpublished Economic Regulatory
Administration (ERA) data.
1981: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Energy Emergency Operations, Report on Electric Energy
Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year
1981, April 1982 (revised June 1982).
1982 and 1983: DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across
International Borders.
110

Table 7.2c Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power, 19491988
1949September 1977:
Federal Power Commission
(FPC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report, for
plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and FPC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial Electric Generating
Capacity, for all other plants.
October 19771978: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10

megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial
Electric Generating Capacity, for all other plants.
1979:
FERC, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) estimates for all other plants.
19801988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation
over the 6-year period of 19741979.

All Data, 1989 Forward

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000:
EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.

and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant

Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."

Table 7.6 Sources

Retail Sales, Residential and Industrial
1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-5, Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue
and Income.
October 1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenue and Income.
March 19801982: FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement.
19842003: EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM),
October 2014, Table 5.1.

Table 7.3b Sources

Retail Sales, Commercial
1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19821988: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power
Plant Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.

Table 7.4b Sources

1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission,
Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981:
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report.
19821988: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,

19492002: Estimated by EIA as the sum of Commercial

(Old) and the non-transportation portion of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003:
EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, EPM, October 2014, Table 5.1.

Retail Sales, Transportation

19492002: Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion
of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003:
EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, EPM, October 2014, Table 5.1.

Direct Use, Annual

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
20012012: EIA, Electric Power Annual 2012, December
2013, Table 2.2.
2013: Sum of monthly estimates.

Direct Use, Monthly

1989 forward: Annual shares are calculated as annual direct
use divided by annual commercial and industrial net generation (on Table 7.1). Then monthly direct use estimates are
calculated as the annual share multiplied by the monthly
commercial and industrial net generation values. For 2013
and 2014, the 2012 annual share is used.

Discontinued Retail Sales Series Commercial (Old)

and Other (Old)
19492002: See sources for Residential and Industrial.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

111

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

8. Nuclear
Energy

Figure 8.1

Nuclear Energy Overview

Electricity Net Generation, 19572013

5
Total
Trillion Kilowatthours

Nuclear Electric Power

0
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 19572013

Percent

0
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation

1985

Capacity Factor, Monthly

120
69.602

71.344

71.129

80
Percent

Billion Kilowatthours

100
60

60
40

20
20
0
August
2012

August
2013

August
2014

2012

2014

0
J

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear.

Sources: Tables 7.2a and 8.1.

114

2013

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview

1957 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Total
Operable
Unitsa,b

Net Summer
Capacity of
Operable Unitsb,c

Nuclear Electricity
Net Generation

Number

Million Kilowatts

Million Kilowatthours

Nuclear Share
of Electricity
Net Generation

Capacity Factord
Percent

..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................

1
3
13
20
57
71
96
112
109
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104

0.055
.411
.793
7.004
37.267
51.810
79.397
99.624
99.515
97.860
98.159
98.657
99.209
99.628
99.988
100.334
100.266
100.755
101.004
101.167
c 101.419

10
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204

(s)
.1
.3
1.4
9.0
11.0
15.5
19.0
20.1
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
20.2
19.6
19.3

NA
NA
NA
NA
55.9
56.3
58.0
66.0
77.4
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
91.8
d 91.1
90.3
91.1
89.1

2012 January ......................

104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104

101.602
101.602
101.602
101.602
101.625
101.625
101.747
101.856
101.856
101.856
101.885
101.885
101.885

72,381
63,847
61,729
55,871
62,081
65,140
69,129
69,602
64,511
59,743
56,713
68,584
769,331

21.3
20.6
20.0
18.9
18.4
18.1
16.7
17.6
19.3
19.2
18.5
20.5
19.0

95.8
90.3
81.7
76.4
82.1
89.0
91.3
91.8
88.0
78.8
77.3
90.5
86.1

2013 January ......................

104
103
103
103
102
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

E 101.923

71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,017

20.5
19.9
19.4
19.0
19.5
18.6
17.9
18.6
19.3
20.1
20.7
20.2
19.4

E 94.2

2014 January ......................

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

E 98.957

73,064
62,639
62,397
56,385
62,947
68,138
71,940
71,129
528,639

19.4
19.4
18.8
19.0
19.4
19.1
18.7
18.5
19.0

E 99.2

2013 8-Month Total ...........

2012 8-Month Total ...........

100
104

E 98.997

523,765
519,781

19.1
18.8

E 89.4

E 101.063
E 101.172
E 101.468
E 101.147
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 98.997
E 99.105
E 99.105

E 98.977
E 98.977
E 98.977
E 98.977
E 98.977
E 99.189
E 99.180
E 99.180

101.856

a Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent

permission to operate, at end of period. See Note 1, "Operable Nuclear Reactors,"
at end of section.
b At end of period.
c For the definition of "Net Summer Capacity," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity,"
at end of section. Beginning in 2011, monthly capacity values are estimated in two
steps: 1) uprates and derates reported on Form EIA-860M are added to specific
months; and 2) the difference between the resulting year-end capacity (from data
reported on Form EIA-860M) and final capacity (reported on Form EIA-860) is
allocated to the month of January.
d Beginning in 2008, capacity factor data are calculated using a new

E 90.5
E 83.6
E 77.7
E 83.4
E 93.2
E 95.8
E 96.9
E 92.3
E 85.8
E 91.2
E 96.7
E 90.1

E 94.1
E 84.6
E 79.0
E 85.4
E 95.6
E 97.5
E 96.4
E 91.5

87.3

methodology. For an explanation of the method of calculating the capacity factor,

see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity," at end of section.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05.
Notes: For a discussion of nuclear reactor unit coverage, see Note 1,
"Operable Nuclear Reactors," at end of section. Nuclear electricity net
generation totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1957 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U .S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

115

Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Operable Nuclear Reactors. A reactor is
generally defined as operable while it possessed a full-power
license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its
predecessor the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent
permission to operate, at the end of the year or month
shown. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude
units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine
shutdowns that for a time rendered them unable to generate
electricity. Examples are:
(a) In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA) units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and 3, and Sequoyah 1 and
2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage. All
five units were idle for several years, restarting in 2007,
1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively and were counted
as operable during the shutdowns.
(b) Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976
for conversion to a light-water breeder reactor, but is
counted as operable from 1957 until its retirement in 1982.
(c) Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for
replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as
operable during those years.
Exceptions to the definition are Shoreham and Three Mile
Island 2. Shoreham was granted a full-power license in
April 1989, but was shut down two months later and never
restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession
Only. Although not operable at the end of the year,
Shoreham is counted as operable during 1989. A major
accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although
the unit retained its full-power license for several years, it
is considered permanently shut down since that year.
The following nuclear generating units were retired in 2013:
Crystal River 3 in February; Kewaunee in May; and San
Onofre 2 and 3 in June.
Note 2. Nuclear Capacity. Nuclear generating units may
have more than one type of net capacity rating, including the
following:
(a) Net Summer CapacityThe steady hourly output that
generating equipment is expected to supply to system load,
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by test at the
time of summer peak demand. Auxiliary power of a typical
nuclear power plant is about 5 percent of gross generation.

116

(b) Net Design Capacity or Net Design Electrical Rating

(DER)The nominal net electrical output of a unit,
specified by the utility and used for plant design.
Through 2007, the monthly capacity factors are calculated
as the monthly nuclear electricity net generation divided
by the maximum possible nuclear electricity net
generation for that month. The maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation is the number of hours in the
month (assuming 24-hour days, with no adjustment for
changes to or from Daylight Savings Time) multiplied by
the net summer capacity of operable nuclear generating
units at the end of the month. That fraction is then
multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Annual capacity
factors are calculated as the annual nuclear electricity net
generation divided by the annual maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation (the sum of the monthly values for
maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation). For the
methodology used to calculate capacity factors beginning in
2008, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric
Power Monthly, Appendix C notes on Average Capacity
Factors.

Table 8.1 Sources

Total Operable Units and Net Summer Capacity of
Operable Units
19571982: Compiled from various sources, primarily U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Reactor Programs,
U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units:
Significant Milestones.
1983 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator
Report, and predecessor forms; Form EIA-860M,
Monthly Update to the Annual Electric Generator
Report; and monthly updates as appropriate. For a list
of operable units as of November 2011, see
http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/reactors/stats_table1.html.
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of
Electricity Net Generation
1957 forward: Table 7.2a.
Capacity Factor
19732007: Calculated by EIA using the method described
above in Note 2.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric
Generator Report; Form EIA-860M, Monthly Update to
the Annual Electric Generator Report; and Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report.

U. .S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

9. Energy
Prices

Figure 9.1 Petroleum Prices

Crude Oil Prices, 19492013
120

Dollarsaper
perBarrel
Barrel
Dollars

100
80
60
Composite Refiner
Acquisition Cost

40
20

Domestic First
Purchase Price

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly

150

Dollarsa per Barrel

125
100
75
50
25
0
J

F M A M J J A S O N D
2012

F M A M J J
2013

A S O N D

F M A M J J A S O N D
2014

Refiner Prices to End Users: Selected Products, August 2014

Dollarsa per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

4.0
3.408
3.013
3.012
3.0

2.913
2.471

2.0

1.038
1.0

0.0
No. 2
Fuel Oil

Finished Motor
Gasoline

No.2
Diesel Fuel

Kerosene-Type
Jet Fuel

Residual Fuel
Oil

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.
Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7.

118

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Propane
(Consumer Grade)

Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary

(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Refiner Acquisition Costb
Domestic First
Purchase Pricec

F.O.B. Cost
of Importsd

Landed Cost
of Importse

Domestic

Imported

Composite

2.51
2.77
2.88
2.86
3.18
7.67
21.59
24.09
20.03
14.62
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
56.35
74.71
95.73

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.18
32.37
25.84
20.37
15.69
26.27
20.46
22.63
25.86
33.75
47.60
57.03
66.36
90.32
57.78
74.19
101.66

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12.70
33.67
26.67
21.13
16.78
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
67.97
93.33
60.23
76.50
102.92

NA
NA
NA
NA
E 3.46
8.39
24.23
26.66
22.59
17.33
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
69.65
98.47
59.49
78.01
100.71

NA
NA
NA
NA
E 2.96
13.93
33.89
26.99
21.76
17.14
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
67.04
92.77
59.17
75.86
102.63

NA
NA
NA
NA
E 3.40
10.38
28.07
26.75
22.22
17.23
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
67.94
94.74
59.29
76.69
101.87

2012 January ....................

98.99
102.04
105.42
103.62
95.57
83.59
86.10
92.53
95.98
92.24
89.64
89.81
94.52

103.96
108.56
110.65
107.17
100.79
87.89
92.50
99.63
101.03
97.75
91.86
92.69
99.78

105.27
109.23
110.62
107.55
101.56
91.90
93.68
98.70
101.34
99.22
96.20
95.01
101.00

103.97
105.93
110.80
111.22
103.04
91.66
92.64
98.58
102.17
99.07
95.28
96.56
100.72

105.25
108.08
111.00
108.54
103.26
92.18
92.99
97.04
101.82
100.92
98.07
93.70
101.09

104.71
107.18
110.92
109.68
103.17
91.96
92.84
97.70
101.97
100.02
96.78
95.06
100.93

2013 January ....................

95.00
95.01
95.54
94.41
94.75
93.82
101.41
102.96
102.32
96.18
88.70
91.85
95.99

94.93
100.46
99.73
95.59
96.12
96.22
101.36
101.89
100.82
92.81
88.30
89.90
96.56

95.12
98.93
98.35
95.75
97.39
96.90
101.19
103.13
101.59
94.89
89.45
90.07
96.99

103.78
103.75
103.45
102.53
101.98
100.26
106.19
108.30
107.96
103.00
96.09
97.87
102.91

97.91
99.23
99.11
96.45
98.50
97.17
101.56
104.16
103.49
97.84
90.36
90.57
98.11

100.78
101.45
101.23
99.50
100.17
98.67
103.85
106.20
105.70
100.41
93.32
94.32
100.49

2014 January ....................

89.59
96.89
96.18
96.47
95.69
98.70
R 96.67
R 90.66
NA

90.93
92.76
93.06
94.18
96.17
R 97.57
R 93.83
R 90.90
NA

90.97
95.38
95.54
96.47
98.00
R 99.27
R 96.71
R 92.06
NA

97.17
102.33
102.61
102.42
102.36
104.18
R 103.20
R 97.75
E 93.75

89.63
96.04
97.04
97.30
98.44
100.17
R 98.66
R 93.24
E 89.92

93.52
99.32
100.05
100.07
100.57
102.45
101.18
R 95.70
E 91.85

a
b
c
d
e

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs," at end of section.
See Note 2, "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
See Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section.
See Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Costs," at end of section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Domestic first purchase prices and refinery acquisition costs for the
current two months are preliminary. F.O.B. and landed costs for the current three
months are preliminary. Through 1980, F.O.B. and landed costs reflect the

period of reporting; beginning in 1981, they reflect the period of loading. Annual
averages are the averages of the monthly prices, weighted by volume.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, and all U.S. Territories and Possessions.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

119

Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Selected Countries
Angola

Colombia

Mexico

Nigeria

Saudi
Arabia

United
Kingdom

Venezuela

Persian
Gulf
Nationsb

Total
OPECc

Total
Non-OPECc

1973 Averaged .................

1975 Average ..................
1980 Average ..................
1985 Average ..................
1990 Average ..................
1995 Average ..................
2000 Average ..................
2001 Average ..................
2002 Average ..................
2003 Average ..................
2004 Average ..................
2005 Average ..................
2006 Average ..................
2007 Average ..................
2008 Average ..................
2009 Average ..................
2010 Average ..................
2011 Average ..................

W
10.97
33.45
26.30
20.23
16.58
27.90
23.25
24.09
28.22
37.26
52.48
62.23
67.80
95.66
57.07
78.18
111.82

20.75
16.73
29.04
24.25
24.64
28.89
37.73
51.89
59.77
67.93
91.17
57.90
72.56
100.21

11.44
31.06
25.33
19.26
15.64
25.39
18.89
21.60
24.83
31.55
43.00
52.91
61.35
84.61
56.47
72.46
100.90

7.81
11.82
35.93
28.04
22.46
17.40
28.70
24.85
25.38
29.40
38.71
55.95
65.69
76.64
102.06
64.61
80.83
115.35

3.25
10.87
28.17
22.04
20.36
W
24.62
18.98
23.92
25.03
34.08
47.96
56.09
W
93.03
57.87
76.44
107.08

34.36
27.64
23.43
16.94
27.21
23.30
24.50
28.76
37.30
54.48
66.03
69.96
96.33
65.63
W

5.39
11.04
24.81
23.64
19.55
13.86
24.45
18.01
20.13
23.81
31.78
46.39
55.80
64.10
88.06
55.58
70.30
97.23

3.68
10.88
28.92
23.31
18.54
W
24.72
18.89
23.38
25.17
33.08
47.21
56.02
69.93
91.44
59.53
75.65
106.47

5.43
11.34
32.21
25.67
20.40
15.36
25.56
19.73
22.18
25.36
33.95
49.60
59.18
69.58
93.15
58.53
75.23
105.34

4.80
10.62
32.85
25.96
20.32
16.02
26.77
21.04
22.93
26.21
33.58
45.79
55.35
62.69
87.15
57.16
73.24
98.49

2012 January ....................

111.10
121.45
W
118.84
110.79
95.65
W
W
112.75
W
W

111.23

106.69
114.47
118.46
114.06
101.27
91.81
96.83
106.16
108.59
105.77
103.75
101.24
106.43

107.79
110.14
114.81
110.54
103.12
90.60
95.03
101.12
102.49
98.98
93.45
94.19
101.84

114.12
124.31
128.10
W
110.79
98.96
103.86
114.62
111.74
W

W
114.51

W
W
W
W
W
91.90
W
W
107.14
W
W
W
106.65

105.08
110.37
112.76
109.33
101.45
87.64
93.81
99.94
101.00
98.10
93.15
92.99
100.15

107.51
111.12
118.06
115.02
105.16
90.55
95.47
104.87
105.58
102.70
101.91
102.93
105.45

107.51
113.85
117.06
113.85
105.28
90.63
96.30
104.18
105.05
101.29
95.94
98.04
104.39

101.40
103.42
104.65
101.42
96.74
85.28
88.46
95.13
97.52
95.05
89.37
87.64
95.71

2013 January ....................

W
W
W
W
103.46
103.67
W
W
113.86

W
W
107.71

106.99
106.45
101.31
99.58
98.97
98.56
102.20
105.59
103.16
W
W
95.50
101.24

100.16
108.25
105.16
99.94
99.06
97.16
101.27
100.97
100.14
93.76
88.56
90.25
98.40

W
W
111.03
W
106.45
W
W
111.28
W

110.06

W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
103.53
98.96
91.38
95.97
101.16

97.15
104.06
101.60
95.01
95.48
95.71
100.32
101.12
100.37
95.72
91.79
92.46
97.52

105.30
105.22
108.10
100.50
98.46
97.42
101.21
104.10
103.22
98.48
92.02
94.88
100.62

102.42
106.93
105.77
98.68
98.72
98.45
102.36
103.69
104.44
97.38
93.23
94.41
100.57

91.11
96.65
94.09
93.14
93.99
94.59
100.54
100.42
98.42
89.45
84.76
87.24
93.67

2014 January ....................

W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W

95.84
96.04
W
98.61
98.75
99.03
R 100.11
91.57

89.30
91.77
91.38
93.22
95.35
98.20
R 94.65
91.27

W
W

99.21
102.26
101.25
99.76
100.58
R 104.95
R 105.23
99.71

89.69
92.88
92.27
95.49
96.67
98.19
R 92.49
89.23

98.44
100.70
100.67
99.02
98.89
R 102.49
R 103.77
98.96

94.86
97.51
97.19
99.30
98.29
R 100.67
R 97.39
93.62

87.56
89.73
90.59
90.49
94.59
R 95.67
R 91.46
88.73

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
individual company data.

120

Notes: The Free on Board (F.O.B.) cost at the country of origin excludes all
costs related to insurance and transportation. See "F.O.B. (Free on Board)" in
Glossary, and Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. Values for the
current two months are preliminary. Through 1980, prices reflect the period of
reporting; beginning in 1981, prices reflect the period of loading.
Annual averages are averages of the monthly prices, including prices not
published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are purchased on a "netback"
basis, or under similar contractual arrangements whereby the actual purchase price
is not established at the time the crude oil is acquired for importation into the United
States, are not included in the published data until the actual prices have been
determined and reported. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Selected Countries
Angola

Canada

Colombia

Mexico

Nigeria

Saudi
Arabia

United
Kingdom

Venezuela

Persian
Gulf
Nationsb

Total
OPECc

Total
Non-OPECc

1973 Averaged ...............

1975 Average ................
1980 Average ................
1985 Average ................
1990 Average ................
1995 Average ................
2000 Average ................
2001 Average ................
2002 Average ................
2003 Average ................
2004 Average ................
2005 Average ................
2006 Average ................
2007 Average ................
2008 Average ................
2009 Average ................
2010 Average ................
2011 Average ................

W
11.81
34.76
27.39
21.51
17.66
29.57
25.13
25.43
30.14
39.62
54.31
64.85
71.27
98.18
61.32
80.61
114.05

5.33
12.84
30.11
25.71
20.48
16.65
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
60.38
90.00
57.60
72.80
89.92

22.34
17.45
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
70.91
93.43
58.50
74.25
102.57

12.61
31.77
25.63
19.64
16.19
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
62.31
85.97
57.35
72.86
101.21

9.08
12.70
37.15
28.96
23.33
18.25
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
78.01
104.83
68.01
83.14
116.43

5.37
12.50
29.80
24.72
21.82
16.84
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
70.78
94.75
62.14
79.29
108.83

35.68
28.36
22.65
17.91
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
72.47
96.95
63.87
80.29
118.45

5.99
12.36
25.92
24.43
20.31
14.81
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
66.13
90.76
57.78
72.43
100.14

5.91
12.64
30.59
25.50
20.55
16.78
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
69.83
93.59
62.15
78.60
108.01

6.85
12.70
33.56
26.86
21.23
16.61
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
71.14
95.49
61.90
78.28
107.84

5.64
12.70
33.99
26.53
20.98
16.95
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
63.96
90.59
58.58
74.68
98.64

2012 January ..................

115.13
121.30
128.35
120.60
114.94
103.10
106.95
113.27
116.51
114.90
111.01
116.37
114.95

93.43
92.09
88.71
85.55
82.78
78.11
75.65
80.68
85.42
86.35
82.89
76.68
84.24

110.54
115.19
119.93
113.78
105.04
93.85
97.70
105.94
109.19
106.48
104.74
102.86
107.07

108.38
111.24
115.20
111.55
103.79
90.89
95.24
101.98
103.16
99.09
94.32
94.98
102.45

115.41
126.42
130.46
124.06
113.89
103.24
106.95
114.51
114.95
117.03
112.41
114.52
116.88

110.49
114.75
117.55
115.33
108.39
99.38
99.00
104.66
107.06
106.12
106.05
106.87
108.15

W
W

106.23
111.72
114.29
110.58
103.02
89.41
94.91
101.38
102.97
99.31
94.67
94.30
101.58

110.61
114.24
116.71
115.77
108.52
99.24
99.05
104.35
106.29
105.76
104.94
105.78
107.74

110.32
115.76
117.99
116.10
108.26
97.29
99.49
105.27
107.02
105.81
102.26
103.38
107.56

101.31
102.99
103.94
99.94
95.21
87.15
88.11
92.29
95.79
93.77
91.17
86.76
95.05

2013 January ..................

115.79
115.90
110.56
105.56
106.47
106.73
110.43
111.88
113.92
W
110.50
113.16
110.81

75.30
76.46
79.51
83.06
86.92
88.30
94.14
98.63
95.02
85.36
77.34
75.23
84.41

106.36
109.28
105.37
101.42
100.70
99.36
102.47
106.04
105.76
102.29
97.30
97.41
103.00

101.04
108.95
106.36
100.62
99.92
97.56
101.87
101.52
100.70
94.35
89.19
91.11
99.06

120.99
117.89
113.36
106.07
108.12
108.38
W
114.47
115.21

W
W
112.87

108.57
108.75
107.59
102.28
101.54
101.41
104.13
104.62
101.16
98.68
96.12
99.29
102.60

W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W

W
111.23

99.04
105.54
103.35
96.19
97.44
97.44
101.65
102.95
102.09
97.60
94.42
94.83
99.34

107.02
107.96
107.94
102.30
101.35
101.26
103.15
104.15
101.94
99.31
96.57
98.30
102.53

106.84
108.86
107.50
101.76
101.63
101.21
103.96
104.91
104.10
99.53
96.32
98.02
102.98

86.31
90.59
90.13
90.88
93.52
93.48
98.64
101.58
99.35
91.23
83.89
84.14
91.99

2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................

W
110.96
107.52
108.70
W
W
W
103.69

78.19
87.98
89.39
89.01
91.77
R 93.03
R 90.32
84.44

97.87
98.59
98.71
99.68
101.24
102.61
R 101.68
95.63

90.85
92.92
92.44
94.01
96.17
99.36
R 95.61
92.19

W
W
W
W

W
W

92.52
95.33
94.63
97.29
98.49
R 99.78
R 94.15
91.46

100.18
101.54
101.68
101.97
102.06
R 102.78
R 104.19
102.46

98.30
100.41
100.36
101.82
101.61
R 102.39
R 100.86
98.15

84.91
91.27
92.15
91.99
94.97
R 97.01
R 94.07
88.68

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

101.30
102.62
102.15
102.35
103.11
R 104.11
R 105.33
103.55

Through 1980, prices reflect the period of reporting; beginning in 1981, prices
reflect the period of loading. Annual averages are averages of the monthly
prices, including prices not published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are
purchased on a "netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements
whereby the actual purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is
acquired for importation into the United States, are not included in the published
data until the actual prices have been determined and reported. U.S. geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration,
Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." October 1977December
1977:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0,
"Transfer Pricing Report." 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2008,
Table 22. 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014,
Table 22.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

121

Table 9.4 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Including Taxes)
Platts / Bureau of Labor Statistics Data

U.S. Energy Information Administration Data

Motor Gasoline by Grade

Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type

Leaded
Regular

Unleaded
Regular

Unleaded
Premiumb

All Gradesc

Conventional
Gasoline Areasd

Reformulated
Gasoline Arease

All Areas

On-Highway
Diesel Fuel

0.268
.291
.311
.312
.357
.567
1.191
1.115
1.149

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.245
1.202
1.164
1.147
1.510
1.461
1.358
1.591
1.880
2.295
2.589
2.801
3.266
2.350
2.788
3.527

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.340
1.349
1.336
1.693
1.657
1.556
1.777
2.068
2.491
2.805
3.033
3.519
2.607
3.047
3.792

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.221
1.196
1.217
1.205
1.563
1.531
1.441
1.638
1.923
2.338
2.635
2.849
3.317
2.401
2.836
3.577

NA
1.103
1.462
1.384
1.313
1.516
1.812
2.240
2.533
2.767
3.213
2.315
2.742
3.476

NA
1.163
1.543
1.498
1.408
1.655
1.937
2.335
2.654
2.857
3.314
2.433
2.864
3.616

NA
1.111
1.484
1.420
1.345
1.561
1.852
2.270
2.572
2.796
3.246
2.353
2.782
3.521

NA
1.109
1.491
1.401
1.319
1.509
1.810
2.402
2.705
2.885
3.803
2.467
2.992
3.840

2012 January ................

3.399
3.572
3.868
3.927
3.792
3.552
3.451
3.707
3.856
3.786
3.488
3.331
3.644

3.663
3.840
4.138
4.194
4.062
3.825
3.726
3.991
4.140
4.079
3.782
3.626
3.922

3.447
3.622
3.918
3.976
3.839
3.602
3.502
3.759
3.908
3.839
3.542
3.386
3.695

3.330
3.517
3.774
3.837
3.643
3.465
3.379
3.668
3.801
3.653
3.380
3.256
3.552

3.486
3.711
4.017
4.032
3.919
3.695
3.565
3.834
3.949
3.939
3.603
3.424
3.757

3.380
3.579
3.852
3.900
3.732
3.539
3.439
3.722
3.849
3.746
3.452
3.310
3.618

3.833
3.953
4.127
4.115
3.979
3.759
3.721
3.983
4.120
4.094
4.000
3.961
3.968

2013 January ................

3.351
3.693
3.735
3.590
3.623
3.633
3.628
3.600
3.556
3.375
3.251
3.277
3.526

3.646
3.990
4.038
3.901
3.936
3.957
3.951
3.919
3.881
3.702
3.585
3.604
3.843

3.407
3.748
3.792
3.647
3.682
3.693
3.687
3.658
3.616
3.434
3.310
3.333
3.584

3.255
3.605
3.648
3.501
3.565
3.576
3.515
3.515
3.474
3.285
3.186
3.209
3.443

3.452
3.807
3.845
3.714
3.720
3.731
3.751
3.697
3.656
3.468
3.362
3.418
3.635

3.319
3.670
3.711
3.570
3.615
3.626
3.591
3.574
3.532
3.344
3.243
3.276
3.505

3.909
4.111
4.068
3.930
3.870
3.849
3.866
3.905
3.961
3.885
3.839
3.882
3.922

2014 January ................

3.320
3.364
3.532
3.659
3.691
3.695
3.633
3.481
3.403
3.182

3.651
3.694
3.858
3.986
4.020
4.027
3.976
3.835
3.758
3.547

3.378
3.422
3.590
3.717
3.745
3.750
3.690
3.540
3.463
3.241

3.252
3.305
3.474
3.590
3.601
3.626
3.539
3.425
3.354
3.120

3.438
3.464
3.658
3.809
3.824
3.831
3.763
3.616
3.516
3.277

3.313
3.356
3.533
3.661
3.673
3.692
3.611
3.487
3.406
3.171

3.893
3.984
4.001
3.964
3.943
3.906
3.884
3.838
3.792
3.681

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b The 1981 average (available in Web file) is based on September through

December data only.

c Also includes grades of motor gasoline not shown separately.
d Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
e "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated
gasoline (RFG). Areas are reclassified each time a shift in or out of an RFG
program occurs due to federal or state regulations.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. See "Motor
Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary. Geographic coverage: for
columns 14, current coverage is 85 urban areas; for columns 57, coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia; for column 8, coverage is the 48 contiguous

122

states and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade, Monthly Data: October 1973
forwardU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. City
Average Gasoline Prices.

Motor Gasoline by Grade, Annual Data:

19491973Platts Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974, 51st Edition. 1974
forwardcalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) as simple
averages of the BLS monthly data. Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type:
EIA, calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly
U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA,
calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly Retail
On-Highway Diesel Prices."

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Residual Fuel Oil
Sulfur Content Less
Than or Equal to 1 Percent

Residual Fuel Oil

Sulfur Content
Greater Than 1 Percent

Average

Sales for
Resale

Sales to
End Users

Sales for
Resale

Sales to
End Users

Sales for
Resale

Sales to
End Users

0.293
.608
.610
.472
.383
.627
.523
.546
.728
.764
1.115
1.202
1.406
1.918
1.337
1.756
2.389

0.314
.675
.644
.505
.436
.708
.642
.640
.804
.835
1.168
1.342
1.436
2.144
1.413
1.920
2.736

0.245
.479
.560
.372
.338
.512
.428
.508
.588
.601
.842
1.085
1.314
1.843
1.344
1.679
2.316

0.275
.523
.582
.400
.377
.566
.492
.544
.651
.692
.974
1.173
1.350
1.889
1.306
1.619
2.257

0.263
.528
.577
.413
.363
.566
.476
.530
.661
.681
.971
1.136
1.350
1.866
1.342
1.697
2.336

0.298
.607
.610
.444
.392
.602
.531
.569
.698
.739
1.048
1.218
1.374
1.964
1.341
1.713
2.401

2012 January ........................

2.591
2.739
2.921
2.805
2.589
2.275
2.271
2.586
2.558
2.464
2.385
2.341
2.548

2.965
3.070
3.159
3.201
3.170
3.083
2.926
3.041
2.970
2.969
2.895
2.814
3.025

2.480
2.632
2.717
2.624
2.501
2.186
2.224
2.457
2.491
2.393
2.283
2.248
2.429

2.452
2.556
2.601
2.596
2.652
2.179
2.221
2.442
2.473
2.382
2.346
2.275
2.433

2.512
2.654
2.772
2.670
2.527
2.211
2.234
2.483
2.501
2.409
2.300
2.268
2.457

2.620
2.705
2.784
2.731
2.784
2.476
2.406
2.579
2.582
2.496
2.492
2.431
2.592

2013 January ........................

2.530
2.571
2.479
2.354
2.316
2.285
2.282
2.331
2.359
2.338
2.296
2.315
2.363

2.874
3.017
2.949
2.875
2.839
2.785
2.768
2.759
2.839
NA
NA
NA
2.883

2.328
2.388
2.294
2.214
2.213
2.214
2.225
2.258
2.265
2.232
2.190
2.177
2.249

2.333
2.402
2.320
2.238
2.421
2.385
2.280
2.411
2.412
2.364
2.328
2.353
2.353

2.388
2.415
2.346
2.246
2.240
2.234
2.242
2.277
2.286
2.255
2.224
2.209
2.278

2.475
2.578
2.517
2.354
2.507
2.454
2.384
2.500
2.513
2.532
2.492
2.458
2.482

2014 January ........................

2.337
2.459
2.470
2.401
2.350
2.358
2.287
2.151

NA
NA
NA
NA
2.902
2.888
2.977
W

2.117
2.139
2.175
2.149
2.198
2.247
R 2.186
2.130

2.400
2.459
2.376
2.323
2.304
2.314
2.324
2.350

2.173
2.207
2.255
2.226
2.267
2.293
2.223
2.137

2.481
2.532
2.476
2.464
2.420
2.423
2.455
2.471

1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
individual company data.
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
commercial consumers. Values for the current month are preliminary.

Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

estimates.
See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1978 and monthly data
beginning in 1982.
Sources: 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 17.
2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 16.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

123

Table 9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Finished
Motor
Gasolineb

Finished
Aviation
Gasoline

KeroseneType
Jet Fuel

0.434
.941
.835
.786
.626
.963
.886
.828
1.002
1.288
1.670
1.969
2.182
2.586
1.767
2.165
2.867

0.537
1.128
1.130
1.063
.975
1.330
1.256
1.146
1.288
1.627
2.076
2.490
2.758
3.342
2.480
2.874
3.739

2012 January ........................

2.747
2.936
3.203
3.189
3.016
2.757
2.806
3.087
3.163
2.941
2.713
2.590
2.929

2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2014 January ........................
February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................

Kerosene

No. 2
Fuel
Oil

No. 2
Diesel
Fuel

Propane
(Consumer
Grade)

0.386
.868
.794
.773
.539
.880
.763
.716
.871
1.208
1.723
1.961
2.171
3.020
1.719
2.185
3.014

0.404
.864
.874
.839
.580
.969
.821
.752
.955
1.271
1.757
2.007
2.249
2.851
1.844
2.299
3.065

0.369
.803
.776
.697
.511
.886
.756
.694
.881
1.125
1.623
1.834
2.072
2.745
1.657
2.147
2.907

0.365
.801
.772
.694
.538
.898
.784
.724
.883
1.187
1.737
2.012
2.203
2.994
1.713
2.214
3.034

0.237
.415
.398
.386
.344
.595
.540
.431
.607
.751
.933
1.031
1.194
1.437
.921
1.212
1.467

3.576
3.788
4.052
4.157
4.004
3.883
3.877
4.124
4.269
4.002
3.508
3.518
3.919

3.059
3.186
3.296
3.255
3.076
2.747
2.850
3.129
3.245
3.182
3.015
2.982
3.080

3.197
3.293
3.306
3.243
3.008
2.697
2.936
3.195
3.236
3.250
3.221
3.145
3.163

3.027
3.166
3.211
3.153
2.976
2.635
2.774
2.988
3.128
3.155
3.049
3.003
3.031

3.018
3.163
3.308
3.252
3.039
2.741
2.907
3.206
3.278
3.265
3.117
3.022
3.109

1.341
1.282
1.293
1.163
.950
.762
.809
.875
.910
.979
.955
.894
1.033

2.676
3.020
2.987
2.853
2.951
2.882
2.942
2.890
2.792
2.632
2.544
2.581
2.812

3.685
4.058
4.085
3.962
4.068
3.950
4.017
4.025
3.854
3.656
3.467
3.508
3.869

3.093
3.250
3.036
2.884
2.763
2.784
2.899
2.995
3.017
2.928
2.868
2.978
2.953

3.334
3.474
3.137
2.889
2.793
2.806
2.996
3.055
3.057
3.029
2.995
3.164
3.084

3.069
3.168
2.977
2.793
2.708
2.741
2.894
2.954
2.973
2.955
2.910
3.011
2.966

3.046
3.259
3.082
2.969
2.958
2.923
3.015
3.084
3.095
3.006
2.949
2.998
3.028

.928
.953
.952
.949
.932
.861
.903
1.059
1.114
1.154
1.219
1.342
1.048

2.604
2.699
2.855
2.981
2.951
3.001
R 2.855
2.759

3.538
3.712
3.865
3.940
3.881
4.056
R 3.914
3.799

2.964
2.981
2.939
2.911
2.932
2.917
R 2.882
2.882

3.237
3.353
3.153
2.938
2.939
2.926
2.863
2.922

3.059
3.051
2.979
2.911
2.883
2.878
2.825
2.784

2.981
3.091
3.031
3.027
2.987
2.973
R 2.921
2.899

1.641
1.654
1.198
1.121
1.057
1.054
1.075
1.055

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.

R=Revised.
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are shown in Table 9.7; they are sales made
directly to ultimate consumers, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture,
industry, and electric utilities) and residential and commercial consumers. Values
for the current month are preliminary. Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy

124

Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1978 and monthly data
beginning in 1982.
Sources: 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 4.
2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 4.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Finished
Motor
Gasolineb

Finished
Aviation
Gasoline

KeroseneType
Jet Fuel

0.484
1.035
.912
.883
.765
1.106
1.032
.947
1.156
1.435
1.829
2.128
2.345
2.775
1.888
2.301
3.050

0.516
1.084
1.201
1.120
1.005
1.306
1.323
1.288
1.493
1.819
2.231
2.682
2.849
3.273
2.442
3.028
3.803

2012 January ........................

2.914
3.087
3.389
3.405
3.289
3.061
2.981
3.248
3.357
3.261
2.994
2.828
3.154

2013 January ........................

Kerosene

No. 2
Fuel
Oil

No. 2
Diesel
Fuel

Propane
(Consumer
Grade)

0.387
.868
.796
.766
.540
.899
.775
.721
.872
1.207
1.735
1.998
2.165
3.052
1.704
2.201
3.054

0.421
.902
1.030
.923
.589
1.123
1.045
.990
1.224
1.160
1.957
2.244
2.263
3.283
2.675
3.063
3.616

0.400
.788
.849
.734
.562
.927
.829
.737
.933
1.173
1.705
1.982
2.241
2.986
1.962
2.462
3.193

0.377
.818
.789
.725
.560
.935
.842
.762
.944
1.243
1.786
2.096
2.267
3.150
1.834
2.314
3.117

0.335
.482
.717
.745
.492
.603
.506
.419
.577
.839
1.089
1.358
1.489
1.892
1.220
1.481
1.709

3.732
W
4.133
4.313
W
W
W
4.091
4.262
4.064
3.561
3.599
3.971

3.087
3.206
3.337
3.283
3.100
2.768
2.856
3.123
3.283
3.211
3.045
3.008
3.104

3.848
3.874
3.919
3.916
3.741
3.753
3.612
3.575
3.771
3.864
3.854
3.789
3.843

3.345
3.495
3.522
3.509
3.258
2.982
3.041
3.256
3.361
3.486
3.403
3.321
3.358

3.093
3.224
3.378
3.342
3.163
2.912
2.989
3.265
3.367
3.364
3.206
3.115
3.202

1.655
1.518
1.470
1.352
1.080
.902
.972
.916
.932
.980
.926
.840
1.139

2.850
3.221
3.233
3.102
3.188
3.184
3.146
3.097
3.059
2.893
2.759
2.759
3.049

W
4.060
4.022
3.860
3.900
4.191
4.224
4.298
3.982
3.653
3.674
3.678
3.932

3.117
3.294
3.070
2.922
2.787
2.813
2.908
3.002
3.040
2.931
2.883
3.008
2.979

3.790
3.887
3.869
3.836
3.786
3.634
3.840
3.707
3.849
3.852
3.847
W
3.842

3.341
3.498
3.314
3.217
3.222
3.172
3.244
3.314
3.327
NA
NA
3.578
3.335

3.129
3.339
3.204
3.090
3.058
3.028
3.099
3.169
3.184
3.085
3.030
3.055
3.122

.891
.925
.943
.971
.953
.876
.935
1.074
1.115
1.169
1.222
1.322
1.028

2.816
2.913
3.104
3.214
3.245
3.265
R 3.128
3.013

W
4.142
W
W
W
W
W
W

2.987
2.994
2.942
2.931
2.965
2.945
R 2.906
2.913

W
W
4.067
4.108
4.056
W
3.965
3.903

3.591
3.687
3.621
3.572
3.546
3.493
3.428
3.408

3.024
3.139
3.115
3.109
3.081
3.064
R 3.030
3.012

1.457
1.513
1.137
1.122
1.056
1.072
1.063
1.038

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

individual company data.
Notes: Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers. Sales for resale are shown in Table 9.6;
they are sales made to purchasers other than ultimate consumers. Values for
the current month are preliminary. Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1978 and monthly data
beginning in 1982.
Sources: 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 2.
2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 2.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

125

Figure 9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour)
By Sector, 19602013
14
Residential

12
Commercial
10
8

Transportation
Otherb

6
4

Industrial

2
0
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Sector, Monthly
14
Residential
12
Transportation
10
Commercial
8
Industrial

6
4
2
0
J

F M A M

J J A
2012

S O N D

F M A M

Total, JanuaryAugust

14
9.86

S O N D

F M A M

J J
2014

S O N D

By Sector, August 2014

J J A
2013

10.10

13.01

10.48
12

11.07
10.37

7.38

6
6
4
4
2

0
2012

2013

2014

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Price in Glossary.
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agricultural and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
b

126

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Transportation

Note: Includes taxes.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.
Source: Table 9.8.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Residential

Commercialb

Industrialc

Transportationd

Othere

Total

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

2.60
2.40
2.20
3.50
5.40
7.39
7.83
8.40
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
10.65
11.26
11.51
11.54
11.72

2.40
2.20
2.10
3.50
5.50
7.27
7.34
7.69
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
9.65
10.36
10.17
10.19
10.23

1.10
1.00
1.00
2.10
3.70
4.97
4.74
4.66
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
6.39
6.83
6.81
6.77
6.82

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
9.70
10.74
10.65
10.57
10.46

1.90
1.80
1.80
3.10
4.80
6.09
6.40
6.88
6.56
7.20
6.75

1.80
1.70
1.70
2.90
4.70
6.44
6.57
6.89
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
9.13
9.74
9.82
9.83
9.90

2012 January ........................

11.41
11.51
11.70
11.92
11.90
12.09
12.00
12.17
12.30
12.03
11.75
11.62
11.88

9.84
9.94
9.84
9.82
9.96
10.39
10.39
10.39
10.50
10.08
9.89
9.81
10.09

6.44
6.45
6.46
6.38
6.53
6.89
7.13
7.08
6.97
6.62
6.50
6.52
6.67

9.78
9.61
9.95
10.11
9.97
10.33
10.70
10.53
10.74
10.13
10.41
10.28
10.21

9.61
9.58
9.52
9.47
9.64
10.13
10.30
10.32
10.26
9.74
9.58
9.64
9.84

2013 January ........................

11.47
11.63
11.60
11.93
12.42
12.54
12.61
12.51
12.49
12.31
12.09
11.72
12.12

9.79
10.07
10.02
9.96
10.26
10.70
10.76
10.72
10.56
10.30
10.12
9.98
10.29

6.45
6.61
6.59
6.53
6.70
7.13
7.32
7.25
7.14
6.80
6.59
6.62
6.82

10.24
10.23
9.83
9.95
10.16
10.39
10.57
10.38
10.60
10.41
10.40
10.17
10.28

9.66
9.79
9.71
9.67
9.95
10.47
10.70
10.59
10.43
10.01
9.83
9.88
10.08

2014 January ........................

11.65
11.88
12.26
12.31
12.84
12.97
13.05
13.01
12.48

10.34
10.70
10.68
10.40
10.51
10.94
11.16
11.07
10.74

6.96
7.12
6.99
6.75
6.76
7.30
7.49
7.38
7.10

10.29
10.19
10.29
10.06
9.89
10.53
10.49
10.37
10.26

10.13
10.35
10.32
10.01
10.21
10.75
11.01
10.92
10.48

2013 8-Month Average .......

2012 8-Month Average .......

12.10
11.85

10.32
10.09

6.83
6.68

10.22
10.12

10.10
9.86

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
b Commercial sector. For 19602002, prices exclude public street and highway

lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.

c Industrial sector. For 19602002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
e Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads
and railways.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by
"Transportation," and the categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been
redefined. Prices are calculated by dividing revenue by sales. Revenue may not
correspond to sales for a particular month because of energy service provider
billing and accounting procedures. That lack of correspondence could result in
uncharacteristic increases or decreases in the monthly prices. Prices include
state and local taxes, energy or demand charges, customer service charges,
environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing
operations. Prices do not include deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments,
such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from previous reporting periods.
Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only.

(Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B
utilities are those with operating revenues between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For
19801982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric operating
revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are
for a selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census
of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy service providers
selling to retail customers. See Note 7, "Electricity Retail Prices," at end of
section for plant coverage, and for information on preliminary and final values.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
beginning in 1976.
Sources: 1960September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5,
"Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." October
1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." March
19801982: FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric
Utility Company Monthly Statement." 19842010: EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual
Electric Power Industry Report." 2011 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
October 2014, Table 5.3.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

127

Figure 9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Costs, 19732013
25

Residual Fuel Oil

10
Natural Gas
5
Coal
0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Costs, Monthly
25
Residual Fuel Oil
20

10
Natural Gas

Coal
0
J

F M A M

J J
2012

S O N D

F M A M

19.86

19.89

J J A
2013

S O N D

F M A M

J J
2014

S O N D

By Fuel Type
25

23.38 23.16
21.95

August 2012

August 2013

August 2014

18.60

3.50

3.91

4.12
2.40

2.33

2.37

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

Prices are not adjusted for inflation.

Glossary.

128

2.23

1.95

0
a

2.45

See Nominal Dollars in

Natural Gas

Coal

Petroleum Coke

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.

Source: Table 9.9.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 9.9 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Petroleum
Coal

Residual Fuel Oilb

Distillate Fuel Oilc

Petroleum Coke

Totald

Natural Gase

All Fossil Fuelsf

1973 Average ....................

1975 Average ....................
1980 Average ....................
1985 Average ....................
1990 Average ....................
1995 Average ....................
2000 Average ....................
2001 Average ....................
2002 Averageg ...................
2003 Average ....................
2004 Average ....................
2005 Average ....................
2006 Average ....................
2007 Average ....................
2008 Average ....................
2009 Average ....................
2010 Average ....................
2011 Average ....................

0.41
.81
1.35
1.65
1.45
1.32
1.20
1.23
1.25
1.28
1.36
1.54
1.69
1.77
2.07
2.21
2.27
2.39

0.79
2.01
4.27
4.24
3.32
2.59
4.29
3.73
3.73
4.66
4.73
7.06
7.85
8.64
13.62
8.98
12.57
18.35

NA
NA
NA
NA
5.38
3.99
6.65
6.30
5.34
6.82
8.02
11.72
13.28
14.85
21.46
13.22
16.61
22.46

NA
NA
NA
NA
.80
.65
.58
.78
.78
.72
.83
1.11
1.33
1.51
2.11
1.61
2.28
3.03

0.80
2.02
4.35
4.32
3.35
2.57
4.18
3.69
3.34
4.33
4.29
6.44
6.23
7.17
10.87
7.02
9.54
12.48

0.34
.75
2.20
3.44
2.32
1.98
4.30
4.49
3.56
5.39
5.96
8.21
6.94
7.11
9.01
4.74
5.09
4.72

0.48
1.04
1.93
2.09
1.69
1.45
1.74
1.73
1.86
2.28
2.48
3.25
3.02
3.23
4.12
3.04
3.26
3.29

2012 January ......................

2.37
2.38
2.39
2.42
2.42
2.36
2.40
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.36
2.36
2.38

20.86
21.10
22.10
22.99
23.06
22.41
19.84
19.86
20.90
20.77
20.72
18.83
21.03

22.94
23.81
24.96
24.61
23.24
21.63
21.92
23.38
24.42
24.93
24.28
23.44
23.49

2.43
2.30
1.90
2.11
2.57
2.32
2.41
2.45
2.39
2.00
2.05
2.06
2.24

12.79
12.66
12.88
12.92
13.66
13.73
14.50
12.61
10.35
11.50
11.71
10.98
12.48

3.69
3.34
2.99
2.71
2.94
3.11
3.43
3.50
3.41
3.84
4.25
4.21
3.42

2.86
2.77
2.69
2.61
2.70
2.76
2.92
2.89
2.81
2.91
2.99
3.01
2.83

2013 January ......................

2.35
2.35
2.35
2.38
2.37
2.36
2.32
2.33
2.35
2.35
2.33
2.34
2.35

19.15
19.70
19.39
20.26
19.55
19.68
18.77
18.60
18.93
19.71
18.86
19.70
19.27

22.93
23.82
23.85
22.92
22.59
22.37
23.11
23.16
23.50
22.84
22.74
23.21
23.05

2.02
W
W
2.26
2.32
2.39
2.27
2.23
2.15
2.11
1.98
1.99
2.16

12.50
W
W
9.73
10.81
10.11
11.44
11.81
10.14
11.28
12.24
10.96
11.56

4.38
4.39
4.29
4.67
4.62
4.42
4.20
3.91
4.08
4.11
4.19
4.91
4.33

3.09
W
W
3.16
3.16
3.15
3.12
3.00
3.02
3.00
3.01
3.28
3.10

2014 January ......................

2.30
2.33
2.37
2.40
2.39
2.38
2.37
2.37
2.36

19.64
20.06
20.62
22.94
19.98
20.38
20.56
19.89
20.37

23.12
23.96
23.82
22.82
22.69
22.73
22.36
21.95
23.16

1.73
W
2.00
2.11
2.18
2.05
1.88
1.95
2.00

16.65
W
12.69
10.66
9.88
10.74
10.12
9.83
12.74

7.03
7.39
6.00
5.07
4.93
4.82
4.43
4.12
5.35

4.09
W
3.53
3.26
3.26
3.27
3.17
3.07
3.45

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

2.35
2.39

19.28
21.38

23.06
23.16

2.21
2.31

11.79
13.23

4.33
3.22

3.11
2.78

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b For 19732001, electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and

small amounts of fuel oil no. 4).

c For 19732001, electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2).
d For all years, includes residual fuel oil and distillate fuel oil. For 1990 forward,
also includes petroleum coke. For 19732012, also includes jet fuel, kerosene, and
waste oil. For 19832012, also includes other petroleum, such as propane and
refined motor oil.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. For
19732000, data also include a small amount of blast furnace gas and other gases
derived from fossil fuels.
f Weighted average of costs shown under "Coal," "Petroleum," and "Natural
Gas."
g Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers, and electric generating plants in the

commercial and industrial sectors.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company
data.
Notes: Receipts are purchases of fuel. Yearly costs are averages of
monthly values, weighted by quantities in Btu. For this table, there are several
breaks in the data series related to what plants and fuels are covered. Beginning in
2013, data cover all regulated generating plants; plus unregulated plants whose
total fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 megawatts or more for coal,
and 200 megawatts or more for natural gas, residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and
petroleum coke. For data coverage before 2013, see EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
Appendix C, Form EIA-923 notes, Receipts and cost and quality of fossil fuels
section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

129

Figure 9.4

Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Wellhead and Citygate, 19492013

10
Citygate

8
6
4
Wellhead

2
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Consuming Sectors, 19672013

14
12
10
8

Residentialb

Commercialb

6
4
2

Electric Powerb

Industrialb

Transportation

0
1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Consuming Sectors, Monthly

20
Residentialb

Commercialb

Industrialb

Electric Powerb

0
J

F M A M

S O N D

F M A M

2012
a
b

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Includes taxes.

130

S O N D

F M A M

2013

S O N D

2014

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.

Source: Table 9.10.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 9.10 Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Consuming Sectorsb
Commercialc

Residential

Industriald

Transportation

Electric Powere

Wellhead
Pricef

Citygate
Priceg

Priceh

Percentage
of Sectori

Priceh

Percentage
of Sectori

Priceh

Percentage
of Sectori

Vehicle Fuelj
Priceh

Priceh

Percentage
of Sectori,k

0.07
.10
.14
.16
.17
.44
1.59
2.51
1.71
1.55
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
6.39
6.25
7.97
3.67
4.48
3.95

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.75
3.03
2.78
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
8.16
9.18
6.48
6.18
5.63

NA
NA
NA
NA
1.09
1.71
3.68
6.12
5.80
6.06
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
13.73
13.08
13.89
12.14
11.39
11.03

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.2
99.0
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.1
98.1
98.0
97.5
97.4
97.4
96.3

NA
NA
NA
NA
.77
1.35
3.39
5.50
4.83
5.05
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
12.00
11.34
12.23
10.06
9.47
8.91

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
86.6
76.7
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
80.8
80.4
79.7
77.8
77.5
67.3

NA
NA
NA
NA
.37
.96
2.56
3.95
2.93
2.71
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
7.87
7.68
9.65
5.33
5.49
5.13

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68.8
35.2
24.5
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.6
24.0
23.4
22.2
20.4
18.8
18.0
16.3

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.39
3.98
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
8.72
8.50
11.75
8.13
6.25
7.48

NA
NA
NA
NA
.29
.77
2.27
3.55
2.38
2.02
4.38
4.61
e 3.68
5.57
6.11
8.47
7.11
7.31
9.26
4.93
5.27
4.89

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
96.1
96.9
94.0
76.8
71.4
50.5
40.2
83.9
91.2
89.8
91.3
93.4
92.2
101.1
101.1
100.8
101.2

2012 January ......................

E 2.89
E 2.46
E 2.25
E 1.89
E 1.94
E 2.54
E 2.59
E 2.86
E 2.71
E 3.03
E 3.35
E 3.35
E 2.66

4.85
4.73
4.84
4.19
4.30
4.63
4.88
5.13
4.76
4.65
4.79
4.79
4.73

R 9.62
R 9.47
R 10.41
R 10.94
R 12.61
R 14.18
R 15.13
R 15.82
R 14.72
R 11.68
R 9.99
R 9.80
R 10.65

R 96.3
R 96.2
R 96.2
R 95.5
R 95.4
R 95.5
R 95.5
R 94.9
R 95.0
R 95.1
R 95.3
R 95.7
R 95.8

R 8.04
R 7.76

71.5
70.1

R 4.58

R 16.1

8.10

65.2

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.04

3.82
3.46
3.09
2.81
3.05
3.21
3.54
3.61
3.54
4.00
4.43
4.35
3.54

95.0
95.3
95.2
96.4
96.0
95.8
95.8
95.2
96.0
95.9
94.3
94.4
95.5

2013 January ......................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

4.52
4.56
4.75
5.16
R 5.55
5.74
5.51
R 5.24
R 5.21
R 4.88
R 4.78
4.91
4.88

R 9.15

R 95.9

R 7.75
R 7.79
R 7.78
R 8.15
R 8.71
R 9.07
R 9.03
R 9.04

R 70.5
R 70.0
R 69.1
R 66.5
R 62.9
R 58.7
R 57.0
R 56.5
R 56.9
R 60.8
R 66.0

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R 9.76

4.56
4.59
4.50
4.84
4.79
4.56
4.34
4.03
4.19
4.26
4.36
5.11
4.49

95.2
94.5
94.9
95.3
95.4
95.1
94.6
94.6
95.1
94.9
93.9
94.9
94.9

2014 January ......................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

R 5.59

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

E 2.43

6.31

9.24

R 9.36

R 10.43

12.61

R 15.02
R 16.30
R 16.43

15.69
R 12.38
R 10.05
9.15
R 10.32
R 9.27
R 9.77
R 10.72

95.6

R 95.4
R 95.0
R 95.1
R 94.8

94.8

R 94.7
R 94.8
R 95.0
R 95.4

95.7

R 95.6

R 8.10
R 8.68
R 9.41
R 9.49
R 9.65
R 9.80
R 9.91

R 13.71
R 16.08
R 17.19

5.30
5.98

17.39
10.98

4.87
4.71

10.33
10.69

95.4
96.0

11.85

7.86

R 8.08

R 5.86
R 5.96
R 5.95

5.63

8.80

R 8.28
R 7.94

R 95.4

95.0
95.1
R 94.9
R 95.0
R 95.1
R 94.3
95.3
95.2

R 6.57

8.16

R 8.04
R 8.14
R 8.44
R 8.52
R 8.71
R 8.35
R 8.07
R 7.99
R 8.18

R 68.1
R 62.8

59.2

R 59.1
R 57.9
R 55.9
R 56.4
R 59.9
R 65.3
R 67.6

69.8

R 66.1

71.1

R 71.0

9.65
9.00

69.5
65.5
R 60.8
R 58.6
R 56.5
55.7
66.8

8.11
8.09

66.5
65.9

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b See Note 8, "Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
c Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
e The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers.
f See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
g See "Citygate" in Glossary.
h Includes taxes.
i The percentage of the sectors consumption in Table 4.3 for which price data
are available. For details on how the percentages are derived, see Table 9.10
sources at end of section.

4.19
3.71
3.21
3.02
3.34
3.60
3.83
3.56
R 3.94
4.46
R 4.73
R 3.88

16.2

R 16.0

15.5

R 15.6
R 15.6
R 16.1
R 16.6
R 16.5

16.3

R 16.9
R 17.0

16.2

4.58
4.54
R 4.59
R 4.95
R 5.00
R 4.90
R 4.47
R 4.31
R 4.36
R 4.37
R 4.62
4.98
R 4.64

R 17.0
R 17.0
R 16.8

R 5.63
R 6.57
R 6.35
R 5.76
R 5.65
R 5.38
R 5.34

4.88
5.73

16.5
17.0
16.9
16.0
R 15.9
15.8
R 15.8
15.6
16.2

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

7.46
7.78
6.28
5.25
5.08
4.98
4.57
4.25
5.56

95.1
93.2
94.9
95.4
94.7
95.3
94.9
95.3
94.9

4.66
3.71

16.5
16.0

NA
NA

4.49
3.34

94.9
95.6

16.9

R 16.2
R 16.0
R 15.8
R 15.9
R 16.3
R 16.6
R 16.9

17.4

R 16.6

j Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to
fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the
prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in the operation of fleet
vehicles.
k Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are
greater than reported natural gas consumptionthis can occur when
combined-heat-and-power plants report fuel receipts related to non-electric
generating activities.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental
gaseous fuels. Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 8, "Natural
Gas Prices," at end of section. Wellhead annual and year-to-date prices are
simple averages of the monthly prices; all other annual and year-to-date prices are
volume-weighted averages of the monthly prices. Geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1976.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

131

Energy Prices
Note 1. Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs. Beginning with January 1981, refiner acquisition costs of crude
oil are from data collected on U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) Form EIA-14, Refiners Monthly
Cost Report. Those costs were previously published from
data collected on Economic Regulatory Administration
(ERA) Form ERA-49, Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements
Program Refiners Monthly Report. Form ERA-49 was
discontinued with the decontrol of crude oil on January 28,
1981. Crude oil purchases and costs are defined for Form
EIA-14 in accordance with conventions used for Form
ERA-49. The respondents for the two forms are also essentially the same. However, due to possible different interpretations of the filing requirements and a different method for
handling prior period adjustments, care must be taken when
comparing the data collected on the two forms.
The refiner acquisition cost of crude oil is the average
price paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in accordance with accounting procedures generally
accepted and consistently and historically applied by the
refiners concerned. Domestic crude oil is that oil produced
in the United States or from the outer continental shelf as
defined in 43 USC Section 1331. Imported crude oil is
either that oil reported on Form ERA-51, Transfer Pricing
Report, or any crude oil that is not domestic oil. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Form ERA-49
excluded unfinished oils but included the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Crude oil costs and volumes reported
on Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report, included
unfinished oils but excluded SPR. Imported averages
derived from Form ERA-49 exclude oil purchased for SPR,
whereas the composite averages derived from Form ERA-49
include SPR. None of the prices derived from Form EIA-14
include either unfinished oils or SPR.

Note 4. Crude Oil Landed Costs. The landed cost of

imported crude oil from selected countries does not represent the total cost of all imported crude. Prior to April 1975,
imported crude costs to U.S. company-owned refineries in
the Caribbean were not included in the landed cost, and
costs of crude oil from countries that export only small
amounts to the United States were also excluded. Beginning
in April 1975, however, coverage was expanded to include
U.S. company-owned refineries in the Caribbean. Landed
costs do not include supplemental fees.
Note 5. Motor Gasoline Prices. Several different series of
motor gasoline prices are published in this section. U.S. city
average retail prices of motor gasoline by grade are calculated monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the
development of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These
prices include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the
time of sale. Prior to 1977, prices were collected in 56 urban
areas. From 1978 forward, prices are collected from a new
sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to
represent all urban consumersabout 80 percent of the total
U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially,
and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service
stations in the current sample include those providing all
types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-serve).
Regular motor gasoline prices by area type are determined
by EIA in a weekly survey of retail motor gasoline outlets
(Form EIA-878, Motor Gasoline Price Survey). Prices
include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the time of
sale. A representative sample of outlets by geographic area
and size is randomly selected from a sampling frame of
approximately 115,000 retail motor gasoline outlets.
Monthly and annual prices are simple averages of weighted
weekly estimates from "Weekly U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices,
Regular Grade." For more information on the survey methodology, see EIA, Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Appendix B, Weekly Petroleum Price Surveys section.

Note 2. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. The

average domestic first purchase price represents the average
price at which all domestic crude oil is purchased. Crude oil
domestic first purchase prices were derived as follows: for
19491973, weighted average domestic first purchase
values as reported by state agencies and calculated by the
Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of
a sample survey of major first purchasers purchases; for
1976 forward, weighted averages of all first purchasers
purchases. The data series was previously called Actual
Domestic Wellhead Price.

Refiner prices of finished motor gasoline for resale and to

end users are determined by EIA in a monthly survey of
refiners and gas plant operators (Form EIA-782A). The
prices do not include any federal, state, or local taxes paid at
the time of sale. Estimates of prices prior to January 1983
are based on Form FEA-P302-M-1/EIA-460, Petroleum
Industry Monthly Report for Product Prices, and also
exclude all federal, state, or local taxes paid at the time of
sale. Sales for resale are those made to purchasers who are
other-than-ultimate consumers. Sales to end users are sales
made directly to the consumer of the product, including bulk
consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers.

Note 3. Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs. F.O.B. literally means

Free on Board. It denotes a transaction whereby the seller
makes the product available with an agreement on a given
port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to
arrange for the transportation and insurance.

Note 6. Historical Petroleum Prices. Starting in January

1983, Form EIA-782, Monthly Petroleum Product Sales
Report, replaced 10 previous surveys. Every attempt was
made to continue the most important price series. However,
prices published through December 1982 and those

132

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

published since January 1983 do not necessarily form

continuous data series due to changes in survey forms, definitions, instructions, populations, samples, processing
systems, and statistical procedures. To provide historical
data, continuous series were generated for annual data
19781982 and for monthly data 1981 and 1982 by estimating the prices that would have been published had Form
EIA-782 survey and system been in operation at that time.
This form of estimation was performed after detailed adjustment was made for product and sales type matching and for
discontinuity due to other factors. An important difference
between the previous and present prices is the distinction
between wholesale and resale and between retail and end
user. The resale category continues to include sales among
resellers. However, sales to bulk consumers, such as utility,
industrial, and commercial accounts previously included in
the wholesale category, are now counted as made to end
users. The end-user category continues to include retail
sales through company-owned and operated outlets but
also includes sales to the bulk consumers such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities. Additional information may be found in Estimated Historic Time Series for
the EIA-782, a feature article by Paula Weir, printed in
the December 1983 [3] Petroleum Marketing Monthly,
published by EIA.
Note 7. Electricity Retail Prices. Average annual retail
prices of electricity have the following plant coverage:
Through 1979, annual data are for Classes A and B
privately owned electric utilities only. For 19801982,
annual data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric
operating revenues were $100 million or more during the
previous year. For 1983, annual data are for a selected
sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for
a census of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, annual
data also include energy service providers selling to retail
customers.
Average monthly retail prices of electricity have the
following plant coverage: Through 1985, monthly data are
derived from selected privately owned electric utilities
and, therefore, are not national averages. Beginning in
1986, monthly data are based on a sample of publicly and
privately owned electric utilities. Beginning in 1996,
monthly data also include energy service providers selling
to retail customers.
Preliminary monthly data are from Form EIA-826,
"Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report With State
Distributions Report," which is a monthly collection of
data from approximately 450 of the largest publicly and
privately owned electric utilities as well as a census of
energy service providers with retail sales in deregulated
states; a model is then applied to the collected data to estimate for the entire universe of U.S. electric utilities.
Preliminary annual data are the sum of the monthly revenues divided by the sum of the monthly sales. When final
annual data become available each year from Form EIA861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," their ratios

to the preliminary Form EIA-826 values are used to derive

adjusted final monthly values.
Note 8. Natural Gas Prices. Natural gas prices are
intended to include all taxes. Instructions on the data
collection forms specifically direct that all federal, state,
and local taxes, surcharges, and/or adjustments billed to
consumers are to be included. However, sales and other
taxes itemized on more than 3,000 consumers bills are
sometimes excluded by the reporting utilities. Deliveredto-consumers prices for 1987 forward represent natural
gas delivered and sold to residential, commercial, industrial, vehicle fuel, and electric power consumers. They do
not include the price of natural gas delivered on behalf of
third parties to residential, commercial, industrial, and vehicle
fuel customers except for certain states in the residential and
commercial sectors for 2002 forward. Volumes of natural gas
delivered on behalf of third parties are included in the
consumption data shown in Table 4.3. Additional information
is available in EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, Appendix C.

Table 9.1 Sources

Domestic First Purchase Price
19491976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: Federal Energy Administration, based on Form FEAP124, Domestic Crude Oil Purchasers Monthly Report.
19782011: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1.
2012 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 1.
F.O.B. and Landed Cost of Imports
October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form FEA-F701-M-0,
Transfer Pricing Report.
19782011: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table
1.
2012 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 1.
Refiner Acquisition Cost
19681973: EIA estimates. The cost of domestic crude oil
was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the
reported average domestic first purchase price. The cost of
imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean
transport cost based on the published "Average Freight Rate
Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" value
published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
19741976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: JanuarySeptember, FEA, based on Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
OctoberDecember, EIA, based on Form FEA-P110-M-1,
Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

133

19782011: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table

1.
2012 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 1.

Table 9.2 Sources

October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
October 1977December 1977: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer
Pricing Report.
19782011: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table
21.
2012 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2014, Table 21.

Table 9.9 Sources

1973September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants.
October 1977December 1977: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost
and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
1978 and 1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and
Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
19801989: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, May issues.
19902000: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2003,
Table 26.
20012007: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2008,
Table 4.1; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels
for Electric Utility Plants; and EIA, Form EIA-423,
Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2014,
Table 4.1; and Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.

Table 9.10 Sources

All Prices Except Vehicle Fuel and Electric Power
19492011: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions.
2012 forward: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), October
2014, Table 3.
Vehicle Fuel Price
1989 forward: EIA, NGA, annual reports.

134

Electric Power Sector Price

19671972: EIA, NGA, annual reports.
19731998: EIA, NGA 2000, Table 96.
19992002: EIA, NGM, October 2004, Table 4.
20032007: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants, and EIA, Form EIA-423 Monthly
Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report.
2008 forward: Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.
Percentage of Residential Sector
19892011: EIA, Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
2012 forward: EIA, Form EIA-857, Monthly Report of
Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers.
Percentage of Commercial Sector
19872011: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to commercial
consumers minus the amount delivered for the account of
others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to
commercial consumers.
2012 forward: EIA, NGM, October 2014, Table 3.
Percentage of Industrial Sector
19822011: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to industrial consumers
minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then
divided by the total amount delivered to industrial consumers.
2012 forward: EIA, NGM, October 2014, Table 3.
Percentage of Electric Power Sector
19732001: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC-423,
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms) divided by the quantity of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973
1988, see Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table 7.3b; for
19892001, see MER, Table 7.4b).
20022007: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report
of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants,"
and EIA-423, Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Plants Report, divided by the quantity of natural
gas consumed by the electric power sector (see MER,
Table 7.4b).
2008 forward: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, divided by the quantity of natural gas
consumed by the electric power sector (see MER, Table
7.4b).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

10. Renewable
Energy

Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total and Major Sources, 19492013
10
8

Total

6
Biomassa

4
2

Hydroelectric Powerb
Otherc

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

By Source, 2013

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Sector, 2013

6
2.6
4.8

2.1

2.0

4
1.6

2.2

1.3

0.5
0.3

0
Hydro- Wood
electric
Powerb

Biofuelsa

Wind

Waste

Solar/
PVa

0.8

0.2

0.1

Geothermala

Residential Commercial

Industrial Transportation Electric

Power

Compared With Other Resources, 19492013

100
80

Fossil Fuels

60
40

Nuclear Electric Power

20
Renewable Energy

0
1950

1955

1960

See Table 10.1 for definition.

Conventional hydroelectric power.
c
Geothermal, solar/PV, and wind.
a
b

136

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.110.2c.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source

(Trillion Btu)
Productiona
Biomass

Consumption

Biofuelsb

Totalc

Total
Renewable
Energyd

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93
111
198
233
254
308
402
487
564
720
978
1,387
1,584
1,884
2,044

1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,099
3,006
2,624
2,705
2,805
2,998
3,104
3,216
3,480
3,881
3,967
4,332
4,516

2,978
2,784
2,928
3,396
4,070
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,558
6,104
5,164
5,734
5,947
6,069
6,229
6,599
6,528
7,219
7,655
8,128
9,170

1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
3,155
2,900
2,970
3,046
3,205
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,793
2,688
2,703
2,869
2,446
2,511
2,669
2,539
3,103

2012 January ................

177
164
171
164
173
165
157
162
151
153
150
155
1,942

388
363
377
358
376
367
368
375
356
363
358
372
4,419

772
693
792
765
806
772
743
712
644
678
683
766
8,826

2013 January ................

152
139
161
161
171
169
172
168
164
179
178
187
2,000

375
339
381
365
386
385
402
392
377
398
396
417
4,614

2014 January ................

172
158
175
173
181
179
186
179
1,403

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

1,293
1,333

Biomass
Hydroelectric
Powere

Wastej

Biofuelsk

Total

Total
Renewable
Energy

1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,429
1,497
2,474
2,687
2,216
2,370
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
2,137
2,099
2,089
2,059
1,931
1,981
2,010

NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
236
408
531
511
364
402
401
389
403
397
413
435
452
468
462

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93
111
200
236
253
303
404
499
577
771
990
1,370
1,568
1,837
1,948

1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,101
3,008
2,622
2,701
2,807
3,010
3,117
3,267
3,492
3,865
3,950
4,285
4,420

2,978
2,784
2,928
3,396
4,070
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,560
6,106
5,163
5,729
5,948
6,081
6,242
6,649
6,541
7,202
7,638
8,081
9,074

130
105
133
121
119
114
84
81
84
120
111
138
1,340

173
162
166
157
165
165
172
173
168
168
167
174
2,010

38
36
40
37
38
37
39
39
37
41
41
42
467

156
152
164
160
170
165
158
168
150
159
150
152
1,902

367
351
370
354
373
367
369
380
355
368
358
369
4,379

751
681
785
761
803
772
744
718
643
683
684
763
8,786

22
21
25
25
26
27
27
28
27
28
25
26
307

139
132
149
165
155
131
106
91
111
131
151
134
1,595

183
164
180
166
175
176
190
184
175
178
179
187
2,138

41
36
40
38
40
40
41
40
38
40
39
43
476

151
139
162
163
171
171
170
167
168
182
173
183
2,000

374
340
382
367
386
387
401
391
381
401
391
413
4,613

793
706
771
810
857
823
812
735
699
743
754
795
9,298

19
17
18
18
19
18
18
18
145

29
27
34
36
39
40
39
40
285

171
133
169
178
148
149
115
97
1,161

183
166
182
175
181
182
188
189
1,445

40
35
40
38
38
38
41
40
310

165
155
166
170
180
174
180
179
1,369

388
356
387
383
399
395
409
408
3,124

812
699
840
854
856
848
812
751
6,474

147
139

201
150

1,068
887

1,419
1,333

315
306

1,294
1,292

3,027
2,930

6,307
6,014

Geothermalf

Solar/
PVg

Windh

Woodi

NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
171
152
164
164
171
173
178
181
181
186
192
200
208
212

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
59
69
66
64
63
62
63
63
68
76
89
98
126
171

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,168

220
193
247
250
273
254
252
219
168
157
178
219
2,629

17
16
18
17
18
17
18
18
18
18
18
19
212

17
16
18
18
20
20
21
20
20
20
19
19
227

794
705
770
808
857
821
813
737
695
740
759
799
9,298

239
195
197
236
272
260
259
207
161
165
169
203
2,561

19
17
19
18
18
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
221

395
359
396
386
400
400
415
408
3,158

819
702
849
857
857
853
819
751
6,508

206
166
231
239
252
246
231
188
1,758

3,026
2,971

6,306
6,055

1,864
1,907

a Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except

biofuels.
b Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
c Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
d Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and
biomass.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
f Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
g Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.
h Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
i Wood and wood-derived fuels.

j Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
k Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation
sectors are estimates. See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. See
Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 10.2a10.4.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

137

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora

Residential Sector
Biomass
Geothermalb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Solar/
PVc

Biomass

Woodd

Total

Hydroelectric
Powere

Geothermalb

Solar/
PVf

Windg

Woodd

Wasteh

Fuel
Ethanoli

Total

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
114
153

1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
580
520
420
370
380
400
410
430
380
420
470
500
440
450

1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
641
591
489
438
448
470
481
504
462
512
577
622
591
643

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)
(s)
(s)
1

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)
(s)
(s)

19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
66
72
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
70
73
73
72
69

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
28
40
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
36
43

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3

19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
94
113
119
92
95
101
105
105
103
103
109
112
111
115

19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
98
118
128
101
104
113
118
120
118
118
125
129
130
136

2012 January ................

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40

16
15
16
15
16
15
16
16
15
16
15
16
186

36
33
36
34
36
34
36
36
34
36
34
36
420

55
51
55
53
55
53
55
55
53
55
53
55
646

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
61

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
109

11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
131

2013 January ................

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40

19
17
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
219

49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580

71
64
71
69
71
69
71
71
69
71
69
71
839

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
70

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
46

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
119

12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
143

2014 January ................

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
26

21
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
168

49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
386

74
67
74
72
74
72
74
74
580

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
13

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
47

4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
30

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
79

12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
96

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

26
26

146
124

386
280

558
431

(s)
(s)

13
13

2
1

(s)
(s)

47
40

31
30

2
2

79
72

95
87

a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
c Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
Includes distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
d Wood and wood-derived fuels.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
f Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1
megawatt or greater.
g Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).

138

h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
i The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
consumed by the commercial sector.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes:
Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV,
hydroelectric power, wind, and waste. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora

Transportation Sector
Biomass

Hydroelectric
Powerb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Geothermalc

Solar/
PVd

Winde

Woodf

Wasteg

Biomass

Losses
Fuel
and CoEthanolh productsi

Total

Fuel
Ethanolj

Biodiesel

Total

69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
31
55
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
17

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
3
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)
(s)

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

(s)

532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,645
1,442
1,652
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
1,472
1,413
1,339
1,178
1,273
1,309

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
230
192
195
145
129
146
142
132
148
130
145
143
154
168
165

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
2
1
3
3
4
6
7
10
10
12
13
17
17

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
49
86
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
377
532
617
742
771

532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
1,944
2,026
1,963
2,201
2,261

602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,725
1,853
1,873
1,930
1,965
2,047
1,985
2,221
2,283

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
141
168
228
286
327
442
557
786
894
1,041
1,045

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
3
12
33
45
39
41
33
113

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
825
935
1,075
1,158

2012 January ................

3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
22

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

115
108
109
105
111
109
113
115
112
113
113
117
1,339

13
13
14
13
13
12
13
13
12
14
14
15
159

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16

67
61
63
61
64
61
58
60
56
57
57
59
724

196
184
188
180
188
183
186
189
181
186
185
192
2,238

199
186
191
182
191
185
187
191
183
188
188
194
2,265

82
82
88
86
92
90
88
95
83
91
83
86
1,045

6
8
11
12
12
12
10
11
9
8
9
6
114

87
89
99
98
104
102
98
106
92
100
92
92
1,159

2013 January ................

3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
32

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

111
99
108
100
104
106
116
110
103
105
107
111
1,281

15
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
14
15
14
15
171

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16

57
52
59
59
63
62
62
61
59
65
64
68
729

184
165
182
174
182
183
194
186
178
186
187
196
2,197

187
169
186
177
186
186
197
189
180
189
189
199
2,234

83
77
89
89
93
93
92
91
90
94
89
92
1,073

9
9
12
13
13
15
15
13
18
22
17
22
179

92
86
101
102
107
108
107
105
108
116
107
114
1,252

2014 January ................

3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
17

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

105
96
104
104
107
106
110
112
844

15
13
14
14
14
14
15
14
112

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

65
58
65
64
67
66
68
66
519

186
168
184
184
189
188
194
193
1,486

190
171
187
186
192
190
196
195
1,506

87
82
87
91
94
92
95
94
723

11
13
13
13
17
15
16
17
114

98
95
100
104
111
106
111
111
837

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

23
15

3
3

(s)
(s)

853
885

114
103

11
11

473
495

1,451
1,494

1,477
1,512

707
702

100
82

808
784

a Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
c Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
d Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1
megawatt or greater.
e Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
f Wood and wood-derived fuels.
g Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,

consumed by the industrial sector.

i Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the
production of fuel ethanol and biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
j The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and
E85, consumed by the transportation sector.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in
19491978 and 1989 forward, solar/PV, and wind. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

139

Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Hydroelectric
Powera

Biomass
Geothermalb

Solar/PVc

Windd

Woode

Wastef

Total

1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalg ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................

1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,749
2,655
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
2,521
3,085

NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
161
138
144
142
147
146
148
147
145
145
146
146
148
149

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
12
17

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,167

5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
196
182

NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
188
296
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
264
255

5
3
2
3
4
2
4
14
317
422
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
459
437

1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,411
3,339
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
4,064
4,855

2012 January ................

217
191
244
248
271
252
251
218
166
155
176
217
2,606

12
11
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
13
13
13
148

1
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
40

130
105
133
121
119
114
84
81
84
120
111
138
1,339

17
16
16
13
14
16
18
18
16
15
15
16
190

22
20
22
21
22
22
23
23
21
22
23
24
262

39
36
37
33
36
38
40
40
38
38
38
40
453

398
344
429
417
442
421
392
355
304
330
341
412
4,586

2013 January ................

236
192
194
233
269
257
256
204
159
163
167
200
2,529

14
12
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
12
14
157

3
4
6
7
8
9
8
9
9
9
7
7
85

139
132
149
164
155
131
106
91
111
130
151
134
1,595

17
15
17
12
16
17
19
20
18
18
19
20
207

22
19
22
21
22
22
22
21
21
22
21
24
258

38
34
39
33
38
39
41
41
39
39
40
44
465

430
375
401
450
481
449
425
359
331
355
377
398
4,831

2014 January ................

202
163
229
237
250
244
229
186
1,741

13
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
103

7
8
13
15
17
19
17
18
115

171
133
169
178
148
149
115
97
1,160

22
20
22
18
19
23
22
22
168

21
18
21
21
21
21
23
22
168

43
39
44
38
40
43
45
44
336

437
355
467
481
468
468
419
358
3,454

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

1,841
1,892

105
97

53
25

1,068
887

133
127

171
172

303
300

3,370
3,200

a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
b Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6).
c Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
d Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
e Wood and wood-derived fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).

140

g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes:

The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 7.2b, 7.4b, and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Traded

1981 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Feedstocka

Losses
and Coproductsb

Denaturantc

TBtu

Mbbl

Net
Stock
Importse Stocksd,f Changed,g

Productiond
Mbbl

MMgal

TBtu

Mbbl

Consumption
Minus
Denaturanth

Consumptiond
Mbbl

MMgal

TBtu

13
93
111
198
233
253
307
400
484
552
688
914
1,300
1,517
1,839
1,919

6
42
49
86
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
376
531
616
742
769

40
294
356
647
773
841
1,019
1,335
1,621
1,859
2,326
3,105
4,433
5,688
6,506
6,649

1,978
14,693
17,802
32,325
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
155,263
221,637
260,424
316,617
331,646

83
617
748
1,358
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
6,521
9,309
10,938
13,298
13,929

7
52
63
115
138
150
182
238
289
331
414
553
790
928
1,127
1,181

NA
NA
NA
387
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
12,610
4,720
-9,115
-24,365

NA
NA
NA
2,186
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
10,535
14,226
16,594
17,941
18,238

NA
NA
NA
-207
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
1,775
3,691
2,368
1,347
297

1,978
14,693
17,802
32,919
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
163,945
230,556
262,776
306,155
306,984

83
617
748
1,383
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
6,886
9,683
11,037
12,858
12,893

7
52
63
117
140
148
176
240
301
344
465
584
821
936
1,090
1,093

7
51
62
114
137
144
171
233
293
335
453
569
800
910
1,061
1,065

2012 January ..............

167
154
159
152
159
153
145
150
140
144
142
147
1,814

67
61
63
61
63
61
58
60
56
57
57
59
722

584
531
518
495
520
502
503
526
496
528
527
534
6,264

29,038
26,647
27,548
26,346
27,616
26,513
25,236
26,092
24,376
24,976
24,744
25,582
314,714

1,220
1,119
1,157
1,107
1,160
1,114
1,060
1,096
1,024
1,049
1,039
1,074
13,218

103
95
98
94
98
94
90
93
87
89
88
91
1,120

-1,773
-1,778
-1,591
-1,549
-1,013
-597
-489
654
699
614
1,011
-79
-5,891

21,475
22,393
22,583
22,050
21,635
21,239
20,224
19,180
19,921
18,626
19,992
20,350
20,350

3,237
918
190
-533
-415
-396
-1,015
-1,044
741
-1,295
1,366
358
2,112

24,028
23,951
25,767
25,330
27,018
26,312
25,762
27,790
24,334
26,885
24,389
25,145
306,711

1,009
1,006
1,082
1,064
1,135
1,105
1,082
1,167
1,022
1,129
1,024
1,056
12,882

86
85
92
90
96
94
92
99
87
96
87
90
1,092

83
83
89
88
94
91
89
96
84
93
84
87
1,064

2013 January ..............

143
130
148
148
157
154
155
152
147
161
161
170
1,825

57
52
59
59
62
61
62
60
59
64
64
68
726

503
461
511
515
537
509
519
494
499
538
532
563
6,181

24,778
22,494
25,620
25,601
27,197
26,722
26,923
26,279
25,564
27,995
27,915
29,405
316,493

1,041
945
1,076
1,075
1,142
1,122
1,131
1,104
1,074
1,176
1,172
1,235
13,293

88
80
91
91
97
95
96
94
91
100
99
105
1,126

-767
-727
-169
-551
-400
130
624
413
-187
-767
-1,902
-1,459
-5,761

19,894
19,009
18,410
17,370
16,804
16,428
17,072
16,945
15,986
15,750
15,569
16,424
16,424

-456
-885
-599
-1,040
-566
-376
644
-127
-959
-236
-181
855
-3,926

24,467
22,652
26,050
26,090
27,363
27,228
26,903
26,819
26,336
27,464
26,194
27,091
314,658

1,028
951
1,094
1,096
1,149
1,144
1,130
1,126
1,106
1,153
1,100
1,138
13,216

87
81
93
93
97
97
96
95
94
98
93
96
1,120

85
79
90
90
95
95
93
93
91
95
91
94
1,092

2014 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
8-Month Total ...

163
146
162
160
167
166
169
165
1,301

65
58
65
64
67
66
67
66
518

551
491
538
543
559
545
609
534
4,370

28,344
25,401
28,116
27,837
29,039
28,759
29,413
28,665
225,574

1,190
1,067
1,181
1,169
1,220
1,208
1,235
1,204
9,474

101
90
100
99
103
102
105
102
803

-2,044
-1,561
-2,065
-1,128
-702
-1,331
-1,496
-1,283
-11,609

17,086
16,834
17,349
17,356
18,117
18,664
18,665
18,471
18,471

i 667

-252
515
7
761
547
1
-194
2,052

25,633
24,092
25,536
26,702
27,576
26,881
27,916
27,576
211,913

1,077
1,012
1,073
1,121
1,158
1,129
1,172
1,158
8,900

91
86
91
95
98
96
99
98
754

89
84
89
93
96
93
97
96
735

2013 8-Month Total ...

2012 8-Month Total ...

1,185
1,240

472
494

4,049
4,179

205,614
215,036

8,636
9,032

732
766

-1,446
-8,136

16,945
19,180

-3,405
942

207,573
205,958

8,718
8,650

739
733

720
715

a Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol
used for fuel ethanol.
b Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel
ethanolthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
d Includes denaturant.
e Through 2009, data are for fuel ethanol imports only; data for fuel ethanol
exports are not available. Beginning in 2010, data are for fuel ethanol imports
minus fuel ethanol (including industrial alcohol) exports.
f Stocks are at end of period.
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
h Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus
denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables
10.110.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.

i Derived from the preliminary 2013 stocks value (16,419 thousand barrels), not
the final 2013 value (16,424 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."
NA=Not available.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate
heat content of fuel ethanolsee Table A3. Through 1980, data are not
available. For 19811992, data are estimates. For 19932008, only data for
feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates.
Beginning in 2009, only data for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are
estimates. See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1981.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

141

Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview

Trade

2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Feedstocka

Losses
and Coproductsb

TBtu

Production
Mbbl

MMgal

TBtu

Net
Stock
Importsc Stocksd Changee

Imports

Exports

Mbbl

Balancing
Itemf
Mbbl

Consumption
Mbbl

MMgal

TBtu

1
1
2
4
12
32
63
88
67
44
125

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2

204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
11,662
16,145
12,281
8,177
23,035

9
10
14
28
91
250
490
678
516
343
967

1
1
2
4
12
32
62
87
66
44
123

81
197
97
101
214
1,105
3,455
7,755
1,906
564
890

41
57
113
128
213
856
6,696
16,673
6,546
2,588
1,799

40
140
-17
-27
1
250
-3,241
-8,918
-4,640
-2,024
-908

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
672
2,012

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
-39
g 1,035

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
733
0
0

244
390
322
639
2,163
6,213
8,422
7,228
7,663
6,192
21,092

10
16
14
27
91
261
354
304
322
260
886

1
2
2
3
12
33
45
39
41
33
113

2012 January ................

10
10
12
12
13
12
12
12
11
10
7
8
128

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

1,751
1,887
2,251
2,237
2,428
2,223
2,127
2,176
1,949
1,792
1,363
1,406
23,588

74
79
95
94
102
93
89
91
82
75
57
59
991

9
10
12
12
13
12
11
12
10
10
7
8
126

48
72
25
32
75
132
166
55
108
60
9
71
853

258
125
189
230
320
392
426
403
295
209
65
143
3,056

-210
-53
-164
-198
-245
-260
-260
-348
-187
-149
-56
-72
-2,203

2,510
2,895
2,893
2,783
2,710
2,348
2,262
2,011
2,059
2,183
1,865
2,083
2,083

499
384
-1
-111
-73
-362
-86
-250
47
124
-318
219
72

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1,042
1,450
2,088
2,149
2,256
2,325
1,953
2,079
1,715
1,519
1,624
1,114
21,314

44
61
88
90
95
98
82
87
72
64
68
47
895

6
8
11
12
12
12
10
11
9
8
9
6
114

2013 January ................

9
9
13
14
14
15
17
17
16
18
17
17
176

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

1,640
1,672
2,412
2,548
2,645
2,699
3,072
3,086
3,025
3,272
3,080
3,217
32,368

69
70
101
107
111
113
129
130
127
137
129
135
1,359

9
9
13
14
14
14
16
17
16
18
17
17
173

38
88
439
372
410
698
358
385
781
1,177
1,641
1,765
8,152

16
37
176
371
563
587
429
687
511
415
408
476
4,675

22
51
263
1
-153
111
-71
-302
270
762
1,233
1,289
3,477

2,090
2,093
2,491
2,588
2,598
2,565
2,793
3,099
3,051
2,970
4,029
4,506
4,506

7
3
398
97
10
-33
228
306
-48
-81
1,059
477
2,422

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1,655
1,720
2,276
2,452
2,482
2,843
2,773
2,478
3,344
4,116
3,254
4,029
33,423

70
72
96
103
104
119
116
104
140
173
137
169
1,404

9
9
12
13
13
15
15
13
18
22
17
22
179

2014 January ................

9
12
13
12
13
13
17
14
102

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

1,612
2,183
2,325
2,219
2,409
2,454
3,119
2,510
18,830

68
92
98
93
101
103
131
105
791

9
12
12
12
13
13
17
13
101

233
175
257
146
563
233
493
571
2,671

135
141
91
261
208
263
320
264
1,683

98
34
166
-115
355
-30
173
307
988

4,171
3,928
4,074
3,764
3,334
2,995
3,358
2,998
2,998

h -338

-243
146
-310
-431
-339
363
-360
-1,512

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2,048
2,461
2,345
2,414
3,195
2,763
2,929
3,177
21,330

86
103
98
101
134
116
123
133
896

11
13
13
13
17
15
16
17
114

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

107
93

1
1

19,774
17,079

831
717

106
92

2,788
605

2,866
2,343

-78
-1,738

3,099
2,011

1,016
(s)

0
0

18,681
15,341

785
644

100
82

a Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
b Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include

natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of
biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Stocks are at end of period. Through 2010, includes stocks at bulk terminals
only. Beginning in 2011, includes stocks at bulk terminals and biodiesel production
plants.
e A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
f Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data
sources, Balancing Item is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.
g Derived from the final 2010 stocks value for bulk terminals and biodiesel
production plants (977 thousand barrels), not the final 2010 value for bulk terminals
only (672 thousand barrels) that is shown under Stocks.

142

h Derived from the preliminary 2013 stocks value (4,509 thousand barrels), not
the final 2013 value (4,506 thousand barrels) that is shown under Stocks.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu
per barrel (the approximate heat content of biodieselsee Table A3). Through
2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. Beginning in 2014,
biodiesel production data are estimated by EIA, and are only partially based on
survey data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 2001.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and 10.1, renewable energy
consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6); geothermal electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate
see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat ratesee Table A6); wood and wood-derived
fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste
from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass) consumption; fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and
losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol
and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 10.1, renewable
energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all
renewable energy sources except biofuels (biofuels
production comprises biomass inputs to the production of
fuel ethanol and biodiesel).

Table 10.2a Sources

Residential Sector, Geothermal
1989 forward: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center. Monthly estimates are created by dividing the
annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then
multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The
annual estimates for 20122014 are set equal to that of
2011.)

Residential Sector, Solar/PV

19892009: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
estimates based on Form EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal
Collector Manufacturers Survey, and Form EIA-63B,
Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.
Monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
2010 forward: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-63B,
Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report; Form
EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey (pre-2010 data); and SEIA/GTM Research, U.S.
Solar Market Insight: 2010 Year in Review. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the
number of days in the year and then multiplying by the
number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for 2014
is 15.0% higher than that of 2013, based on the growth rate for
residential/commercial solar/PV in EIAs Annual Energy
Outlook, Table 17.)

Residential Sector, Wood

19491979:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457, Residential Energy
Consumption Survey; and EIA estimates based on Form
EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by
the number of days in the year and then multiplying by
the number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for
2014 is set equal to that of 2013.)

Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

1989 forward: Commercial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms, are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6.

Commercial Sector, Geothermal

1989 forward: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center. Monthly estimates are created by dividing the
annual estimates by the number of days in the year and
then multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The
annual estimates for 20122014 are set equal to that of
2011.)

Commercial Sector, Solar/PV

2008 forward: Commercial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from EIA, Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, are converted to
Btu by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6.

Commercial Sector, Wind

2009 forward: Commercial sector wind electricity net
generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.

Commercial Sector, Wood

19491979:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
19801983:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA estimate based on the 1983 value.
19851988: Values interpolated.
1989 forward: EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables
7.4a7.4c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871,
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Data for wood consumption at commercial combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants are calculated as total wood
consumption at electricity-only and CHP plants (MER,
Table 7.4a) minus wood consumption in the electric power
sector (MER, Table 7.4b) and at industrial CHP plants

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

143

(MER, Table 7.4c). Annual estimates for wood consumption at other commercial plants are based on Form EIA-871
(the annual estimate for 2014 is set equal to that of 2013);
monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.

Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c.

Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7a, and 10.3.
Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7a) divided by total motor gasoline product
supplied (Table 3.5), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).

Table 10.2b Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power
1949 forward: Industrial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from Table 7.2c are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.

Industrial Sector, Geothermal

1989 forward: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center. Monthly estimates are created by dividing the
annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then
multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The
annual estimates for 20122014 are set equal to that of
2011.)

Industrial Sector, Solar/PV

2010 forward: Industrial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-923,
"Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.

1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United

States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989 forward: EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table
7.4c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-846,
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. Data for
wood consumption at industrial combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates
for wood consumption at other industrial plants are based on
Form EIA-846 (the annual estimate for 2014 is set equal to
that of 2013); monthly estimates are created by dividing the
annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then
multiplying by the number of days in the month.

Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste

1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption.
1982 and 1983: EIA estimates for total waste consumption
based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption.
1988: Value interpolated.

Industrial Sector, Wind

2011 forward: Industrial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.

Industrial Sector, Wood

19491979:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
19801983:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c; and EIA estimates

based on information presented in Government Advisory
Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane
Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane
Outreach Program. Data for waste consumption at industrial
CHP plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates for
waste consumption at other industrial plants are based on
the non-EIA sources listed above (the annual estimate for
2014 is set equal to that of 2013); monthly estimates are
created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days
in the month.

1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 1.

Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.

1981 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7b, and 10.3.

Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption

144

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

(Table 3.7b) divided by total motor gasoline product

supplied (Table 3.5), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).

Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and
co-products (Table 10.3) plus biodiesel losses and
co-products (Table 10.4).

Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus

Denaturant)
1981 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7c, and 10.3.
Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7c) divided by total motor gasoline product
supplied (Table 3.5), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).

Transportation Sector, Biodiesel

2001 forward: EIA, MER, Table 10.4. Transportation sector
biodiesel consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel
consumption.

Table 10.3 Sources

Feedstock
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in
thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and then multiplied by
the fuel ethanol feedstock factorsee Table A3.

Losses and Co-products

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus
denaturant minus fuel ethanol production.

Denaturant
19812008:
Data in thousand barrels for petroleum
denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2
percent of fuel ethanol production; these data are converted
to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the
estimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and
conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).
20092013: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1.
Data in thousand barrels for net production of pentanes plus
at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by
-1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620
million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production
of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are
multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat
content of conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is
the sum of the values for pentanes plus, conventional motor
gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly
reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net production

of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are

multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the approximate
heat content of pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for
net production of conventional motor gasoline and motor
gasoline blending components at renewable fuels and
oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are
converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per
barrel (the approximate heat content of conventional motor
gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for
pentanes plus, conventional motor gasoline, and motor
gasoline blending components.

Production
19811992: Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal
fuel ethanol consumptionsee sources for "Consumption."
19932004: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus
fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports.
These data differ slightly from the original production data
from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report,"
and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and
updated to be consistent with the final balance.
20052008:
Report."

EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate

20092013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for net

production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.
2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data for net
production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate
plants.

Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change

19922013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.
2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.

Consumption
19811989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption
1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983,
1985, 1986, and 1988.
19901992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy
Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated value for
1991.
19932004: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16.
Calculated as 10 percent of oxygenated finished motor
gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).
20052008: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15.
Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments
(Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1),
plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

145

20092013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1. Calculated

as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel
ethanol adjustments.

20112013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual

reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel
ethanol.

2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as

fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel
ethanol adjustments.

2014: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly

reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel
ethanol.

Consumption Minus Denaturant

Trade

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption

minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed.
Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel
ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.

Table 10.4 Sources

Feedstock
2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production in
thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel
(the biodiesel feedstock factorsee Table A3).

Losses and Co-products

2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus
biodiesel production.

20012011: For imports, U.S. Department of Agriculture,

data for the following Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes:
3824.90.40.20, Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable Mixture
(data through June 2010); and 3824.90.40.30,
Biodiesel/Mixes (data for July 20102011). For exports,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following
Schedule B codes: 3824.90.40.00, Fatty Substances
Animal/Vegetable/Mixture (data through 2010); and
3824.90.40.30, Biodiesel <70% (data for 2011). (The
data above are converted from pounds to gallons by dividing by 7.4.) Although these categories include products
other than biodiesel (such as biodiesel coprocessed with
petroleum feedstocks; and products destined for soaps,
cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest component. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesel
trade, EIA sees these data as good substitutes.
2012 and 2013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 25 and
31, data for biomass-based diesel fuel.

Production
20012005: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity
Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual
data are derived from quarterly data. Monthly data are
estimated by dividing the annual data by the number of days
in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the
month.
2006: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
M311KFats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and
Stocks, data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel). In addition, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow
grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2007: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
and
Oils:
Production,
Census,
M311KFats
Consumption, and Stocks, data for all fats and oils
consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2008: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009 (release date October 2010), Table 11. Monthly
data for 2008 are estimated based on U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, M311K data, multiplied
by the EIA 2008 annual values share of the M311K 2008
annual value.

2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Tables 37 and 49, data

for biomass-based diesel fuel.

Stocks and Stock Change

20092013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for
renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
2014: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.

Balancing Item
2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel consumption and
biodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production and
biodiesel net imports.

Consumption
20012008: Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
January and February 2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for
refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except
fuel ethanol.
March 2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production
plus biodiesel net imports minus biodiesel stock change.

2009 and 2010: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production

Report, monthly reports, Table 1.

146

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

11. International
Petroleum

Figure 11.1a World Crude Oil Production Overview

(Million Barrels per Day)
World Production, 19732013

World Production, Monthly

80
World

World

Non-OPEC

40
OPEC

OPEC

Persian Gulf Nations

20
Persian Gulf Nations

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Selected Producers, 19732013

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

Selected Producers, Monthly

Russia
Saudi
Arabia

Saudi Arabia

United States

6
Russia

United
States

6
China

Iran
Iran

China

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Notes: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting

Countries. The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Production from
the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is included in Per-

148

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

sian Gulf Nations.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Sources: Tables 11.1a and 11.1b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Figure 11.1b World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country

(Million Barrels per Day)

3.471
3.408

Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Canada

August 2013
August 2014

4.075
4.118

China
0.510
0.474

Egypt

2.554
2.455

Mexico
1.546
1.541

Norway

10.064
10.056

Russia
0.630
0.470

United Kingdom

7.474

United States

8.648
1.470
1.420

Algeria

1.770
1.740

Angola
0.537
0.558

OPEC Countries

Ecuador
Iran

3.097
3.230

Iraq

3.275
3.205
2.650
2.650

Kuwait
0.590
0.530

Libya

2.370
2.520

Nigeria
1.553
1.583

Qatar

10.240
9.740

Saudi Arabia
2.820
2.820

United Arab Emirates

2.300
2.300

Venezuela

Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting C ountries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Sources: Tables 11.1a and 11.1b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

149

Table 11.1a World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members

(Thousand Barrels per Day)

Qatar

Saudi
Arabiaa

United
Arab
Emirates

Venezuela

Total
OPECb

Iran

Iraq

Kuwaita

209
161
204
281
285
392
396
388
375
373
395
412
393
411
528
532
536
511
505
486
486
500

5,861
5,350
1,662
2,250
3,088
3,643
3,686
3,664
3,634
3,557
3,696
3,724
3,444
3,743
4,001
4,139
4,028
3,912
4,050
4,037
4,080
4,054

2,018
2,262
2,514
1,433
2,040
560
579
1,155
2,150
2,508
2,571
2,390
2,023
1,308
2,011
1,878
1,996
2,086
2,375
2,391
2,399
2,626

3,020
2,084
1,656
1,023
1,175
2,057
2,062
2,007
2,085
1,898
2,079
1,998
1,894
2,136
2,376
2,529
2,535
2,464
2,586
2,350
2,300
2,530

2,175
1,480
1,787
1,059
1,375
1,390
1,401
1,446
1,390
1,319
1,410
1,367
1,319
1,421
1,515
1,633
1,681
1,702
1,736
1,650
1,650
465

2,054
1,783
2,055
1,495
1,810
1,993
2,001
2,132
2,153
2,130
2,165
2,256
2,118
2,275
2,329
2,627
2,440
2,350
2,165
2,208
2,455
2,550

570
438
472
301
406
442
510
550
696
665
742
730
709
807
901
978
996
1,083
1,198
1,279
1,459
1,571

7,596
7,075
9,900
3,388
6,410
8,231
8,218
8,362
8,389
7,833
8,404
8,031
7,634
8,775
9,101
9,550
9,152
8,722
9,261
8,250
8,900
9,458

1,533
1,664
1,709
1,193
2,117
2,233
2,278
2,316
2,345
2,169
2,368
2,205
2,082
2,348
2,478
2,535
2,636
2,603
2,681
2,413
2,415
2,679

3,366
2,346
2,168
1,677
2,137
2,750
2,938
3,280
3,167
2,826
3,155
3,010
2,604
2,335
2,557
2,565
2,511
2,490
2,464
2,319
2,216
2,300

29,661
25,790
25,383
15,367
22,498
25,500
26,003
27,274
28,346
27,199
28,944
28,129
26,465
27,977
30,432
31,897
31,607
31,354
32,672
30,834
31,799
32,019

1,850
1,900
1,750
1,850
1,800
1,750
1,700
1,800
1,700
1,750
1,730
1,750
1,777

504
503
499
500
498
502
508
512
506
503
504
503
504

3,850
3,800
3,750
3,600
3,525
3,350
3,200
3,134
3,173
3,018
3,150
3,110
3,387

2,675
2,575
2,725
2,965
2,925
2,975
3,075
3,175
3,275
3,075
3,225
3,125
2,983

2,650
2,650
2,640
2,640
2,640
2,630
2,625
2,625
2,610
2,610
2,650
2,650
2,635

1,000
1,200
1,350
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,450
1,500
1,500
1,450
1,350
1,367

2,520
2,580
2,520
2,640
2,580
2,580
2,580
2,640
2,460
2,340
2,280
2,520
2,520

1,660
1,660
1,560
1,550
1,520
1,515
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,526
1,551

9,840
10,040
10,030
9,930
9,730
10,020
10,015
10,015
9,800
9,800
9,540
9,240
9,832

2,720
2,720
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,804

2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300

33,119
33,478
33,494
33,745
33,288
33,386
33,295
33,545
33,220
32,724
32,658
32,379
33,192

1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,370
1,470
1,462

1,840
1,790
1,890
1,855
1,890
1,870
1,790
1,770
1,810
1,800
1,820
1,840
1,831

505
506
504
516
522
524
530
537
535
540
545
548
526

3,088
3,115
3,139
3,124
3,064
3,105
3,130
3,097
3,065
3,127
3,136
3,169
3,113

3,075
3,075
3,075
3,175
3,075
3,100
3,100
3,275
2,825
2,975
2,975
2,925
3,054

2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650

1,350
1,400
1,350
1,450
1,420
1,130
1,000
590
360
550
220
230
918

2,410
2,320
2,420
2,400
2,420
2,260
2,390
2,370
2,420
2,370
2,270
2,350
2,367

1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553

9,140
9,140
9,140
9,440
9,640
9,840
10,040
10,240
10,140
9,840
9,840
9,840
9,693

2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820

2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300

32,201
32,139
32,311
32,753
32,824
32,622
32,773
32,672
31,948
31,995
31,499
31,695
32,288

2014 January ......................

1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420

1,690
1,760
1,700
1,770
1,710
1,690
1,690
1,740
1,718

550
551
557
560
554
555
558
558
556

3,270
3,260
3,230
3,230
3,230
3,230
3,230
3,230
3,239

3,125
3,425
3,325
3,300
3,325
R 3,325
R 3,195
3,205
3,276

2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650

510
380
250
210
230
235
435
530
348

2,470
2,420
2,320
2,420
2,320
2,470
2,470
2,520
2,426

1,563
1,563
1,563
1,573
1,573
1,573
1,583
1,583
1,572

9,940
9,890
9,690
9,690
9,690
9,690
9,840
9,740
9,770

2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820

2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,300

32,308
32,439
31,825
31,943
31,822
R 31,958
R 32,191
32,296
32,095

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

1,470
1,549

1,837
1,799

518
503

3,108
3,524

3,119
2,888

2,650
2,637

1,208
1,325

2,375
2,580

1,553
1,564

9,582
9,952

2,820
2,795

2,300
2,300

32,541
33,417

Algeria

Angola

1,097
983
1,106
1,036
1,180
1,162
1,227
1,259
1,226
1,177
1,214
1,265
1,349
1,516
1,582
1,692
1,699
1,708
1,705
1,585
1,540
1,540

162
165
150
231
475
646
709
714
735
745
746
742
896
903
1,052
1,239
1,398
1,724
1,946
1,867
1,899
1,746

2012 January ......................

1,550
1,550
1,550
1,550
1,550
1,544
1,546
1,548
1,550
1,482
1,483
1,485
1,532

2013 January ......................

1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average

Ecuador

a Except for the period from August 1990 through May 1991, includes about
one-half of the production in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. Kuwaiti Neutral
Zone output was discontinued following Iraqs invasion of Kuwait on August 2,
1990, but was resumed in June 1991. In August 2014, Neutral Zone production by
both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia totaled about 300 thousand barrels per day. Data for
Saudi Arabia include approximately 150 thousand barrels per day from the Abu
Safah field produced on behalf of Bahrain.
b See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Glossary.
On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and

150

Libya

Nigeria

Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
R=Revised.
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 11.1b World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Selected Non-OPECa Producers
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb

Canada

China

Egypt

Mexico

20,668
18,934
17,961
9,630
15,278
17,208
17,367
18,095
19,337
18,667
19,897
19,114
17,824
19,154
20,906
21,644
21,377
20,904
22,186
20,754
21,589
22,953

1,798
1,430
1,435
1,471
1,553
1,805
1,837
1,922
1,981
1,907
1,977
2,029
2,171
2,306
2,398
2,369
2,525
2,628
2,579
2,579
2,741
2,901

1,090
1,490
2,114
2,505
2,774
2,990
3,131
3,200
3,198
3,195
3,249
3,300
3,390
3,409
3,485
3,609
3,673
3,729
3,790
3,796
4,078
4,059

165
235
595
887
873
920
922
856
834
852
768
720
715
713
673
623
535
530
566
587
568
551

2012 January ......................

23,436
23,486
23,566
23,546
23,201
23,351
23,302
23,336
23,245
22,890
22,952
22,512
23,233

3,108
3,249
3,037
3,155
3,035
3,014
3,114
3,064
3,011
3,173
3,271
3,427
3,138

4,022
3,986
4,015
4,060
4,021
3,963
3,968
4,071
4,242
4,217
4,232
4,224
4,085

2013 January ......................

22,374
22,401
22,425
22,810
22,850
23,116
23,341
23,683
23,101
23,013
23,022
23,005
22,932

3,329
3,259
3,429
3,237
3,026
3,146
3,306
3,471
3,352
3,335
3,468
3,534
3,325

2014 January ......................

23,417
23,657
23,327
23,312
23,337
R 23,337
R 23,367
23,277
23,376

2013 8-Month Average .....

2012 8-Month Average .....

22,880
23,402

Russia

United
Kingdom

United
States

Total
NonOPECa

World

8,324
9,523
11,706
11,585
10,975

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,995
5,850
5,920
5,854
6,079
6,479
6,917
7,408
8,132
8,805
9,043
9,247
9,437
9,357
9,495
9,694
9,774

2
12
1,622
2,530
1,820
2,489
2,568
2,518
2,616
2,684
2,275
2,282
2,292
2,093
1,845
1,649
1,490
1,498
1,391
1,328
1,233
1,026

9,208
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,744
5,649
5,441
5,181
5,088
5,077
5,000
5,350
5,482
5,645

26,018
27,039
34,175
38,598
37,999
36,934
37,815
38,532
38,685
38,768
39,583
40,003
40,825
41,483
42,163
41,969
41,871
41,810
R 41,344
R 41,836
R 42,658
R 42,513

55,679
52,828
59,558
53,965
60,497
62,434
63,818
65,806
67,032
65,967
68,527
68,132
67,290
69,460
72,595
73,866
73,478
73,164
R 74,016
R 72,670
R 74,457
R 74,533

1,761
1,745
1,715
1,720
1,699
1,583
1,553
1,570
1,309
1,549
1,517
1,558
1,607

9,894
9,889
9,891
9,861
9,882
9,861
9,882
9,907
9,941
9,984
10,048
10,018
9,922

1,021
1,034
977
975
899
950
946
792
601
682
864
923
888

6,153
6,262
6,297
6,296
6,342
6,252
6,391
6,318
6,574
6,941
7,044
7,081
6,497

R 42,996
R 42,949
R 42,632
R 42,662
R 42,416
R 42,147
R 42,406
R 42,224
R 42,038
R 43,027
R 43,648
R 43,958
R 42,759

R 76,115
R 76,427
R 76,126
R 76,407
R 75,704
R 75,533
R 75,701
R 75,769
R 75,258
R 75,751
R 76,306
R 76,337
R 75,951

2,602
2,595
2,555
2,557
2,548
2,559
2,522
2,554
2,563
2,580
2,553
2,557
2,562

1,545
1,502
1,498
1,567
1,563
1,386
1,648
1,546
1,395
1,477
1,613
1,611
1,530

9,995
9,990
9,995
10,002
10,018
9,955
10,052
10,064
10,082
10,109
10,209
10,170
10,054

825
823
812
830
861
781
792
630
744
732
833
955
801

R 7,082
R 7,096
R 7,169
R 7,362
R 7,284
R 7,243
R 7,474
R 7,474
R 7,747
R 7,681
R 7,993
R 7,920
R 7,462

R 43,420
R 43,333
R 43,371
R 43,366
R 43,201
R 43,367
R 43,721
R 43,506
R 43,755
R 44,018
R 44,938
R 45,021
R 43,754

R 75,621
R 75,472
R 75,682
R 76,119
R 76,025
R 75,989
R 76,494
R 76,178
R 75,703
R 76,012
R 76,437
R 76,716
R 76,042

495
492
489
486
483
480
477
474
484

2,545
2,541
2,511
2,518
2,530
2,476
2,427
2,455
2,500

1,633
1,621
1,586
1,603
1,376
1,452
1,605
1,541
1,551

10,131
10,106
10,103
10,083
10,083
10,095
10,003
10,056
10,082

825
930
910
820
869
753
704
470
783

RE 7,987
RE 8,092
RE 8,205
RE 8,440
RE 8,517
RE 8,579
RE 8,587
E 8,648
E 8,384

R 44,565
R 45,001
R 44,904
R 44,828
R 44,725
R 45,031
R 44,903

R 76,873
R 77,439
R 76,729
R 76,771
R 76,548
R 76,989
R 77,095

44,674
44,826

76,970
76,921

520
541

2,561
2,587

1,533
1,668

10,009
9,884

794
948

7,275
6,289

43,412
42,552

75,952
75,969

Norway

Former
U.S.S.R.

465
705
1,936
2,745
2,553
2,711
2,944
3,104
3,160
2,998
3,104
3,218
3,263
3,459
3,476
3,423
3,345
3,143
2,839
2,646
2,621
2,600

32
189
486
773
1,630
2,766
3,091
3,142
3,011
3,019
3,222
3,226
3,131
3,042
2,954
2,698
2,491
2,270
2,182
2,067
1,869
1,752

544
544
544
541
541
541
538
538
538
535
535
535
539

2,566
2,591
2,600
2,590
2,591
2,588
2,571
2,600
2,602
2,584
2,622
2,606
2,593

4,168
4,146
4,164
4,174
4,174
4,244
4,043
4,075
4,107
4,255
4,205
4,215
4,164

531
528
525
522
519
516
513
510
507
504
501
498
514

3,487
3,507
3,605
3,485
3,387
3,457
3,508
3,408
3,480

4,141
4,201
4,154
4,132
4,181
4,259
4,084
4,118
4,158

3,276
3,096

4,148
4,013

a See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.

On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and
Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. E=Estimate.

Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available. Data for countries may not sum to World totals
due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

151

Figure 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

(Million Barrels per Day)
Overview, 19732013

OECD Total, July

100

80
World

45.736

46.673

46.146

2012

2013

2014

OECD
40
20
United States

OECD Europe
Japan
0

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Selected OECD Country

July 2013
July 2014

1.891

France

1.839
2.450

Germany

2.490
1.423

Italy

1.318
1.492

United Kingdom

1.483
2.433

Canada

2.464
4.358

Japan

3.924
2.263

South Korea

2.313
19.257

United States

19.164

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Development.
Source: Table 11.2.

152

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
France

Germanya

Italy

United
Kingdom

OECD
Europeb

Canada

Japan

South
Korea

United
States

Other
OECDc

OECDd

World

2,601
2,252
2,256
1,753
1,826
1,920
1,949
1,969
2,043
2,031
2,001
2,054
1,992
2,001
2,009
1,991
1,991
1,979
1,944
1,868
1,833
1,793

3,324
2,957
3,082
2,651
2,682
2,882
2,922
2,917
2,923
2,836
2,767
2,807
2,710
2,662
2,649
2,621
2,639
2,407
2,533
2,434
2,467
2,392

2,068
1,855
1,934
1,705
1,868
1,942
1,920
1,934
1,943
1,891
1,854
1,832
1,870
1,860
1,829
1,781
1,777
1,729
1,667
1,544
1,544
1,494

2,341
1,911
1,725
1,617
1,776
1,816
1,852
1,810
1,792
1,811
1,765
1,747
1,739
1,759
1,789
1,819
1,806
1,751
1,722
1,634
1,620
1,578

15,879
14,314
14,995
12,772
13,726
14,762
15,055
15,195
15,500
15,409
15,276
15,444
15,389
15,491
15,595
15,705
15,709
15,515
15,427
14,681
14,669
14,235

1,729
1,779
1,873
1,514
1,722
1,799
1,853
1,940
1,931
2,016
2,014
2,043
2,065
2,191
2,282
2,315
2,229
2,344
2,267
2,184
2,283
2,310

4,949
4,621
4,960
4,436
5,315
5,693
5,739
5,702
5,507
5,642
5,515
5,412
5,319
5,428
5,319
5,328
5,197
5,009
4,770
4,363
4,429
4,442

281
311
537
552
1,048
2,008
2,101
2,255
1,917
2,084
2,135
2,132
2,149
2,175
2,155
2,191
2,180
2,240
2,142
2,188
2,269
2,259

17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882

1,768
1,885
2,449
2,699
2,976
3,452
3,509
3,629
3,757
3,892
3,902
3,892
3,916
4,012
4,112
4,173
4,208
4,268
4,237
4,117
R 4,108
R 4,191

41,913
39,232
41,870
37,699
41,775
45,439
46,566
47,342
47,529
48,562
48,543
48,572
48,599
49,331
50,193
50,514
50,210
50,057
48,341
46,305
R 46,937
R 46,320

57,237
56,198
63,113
60,085
66,550
70,132
71,714
73,464
74,117
75,880
76,788
77,478
78,221
79,810
82,676
84,158
85,277
86,072
84,628
84,856
R 87,329
R 88,471

2012 January ......................

1,778
1,985
1,758
1,720
1,704
1,814
1,832
1,696
1,760
1,840
1,743
1,644
1,772

2,135
2,568
2,264
2,292
2,351
2,521
2,497
2,334
2,389
2,574
2,549
2,213
2,389

1,322
1,369
1,376
1,354
1,363
1,428
1,440
1,387
1,376
1,416
1,317
1,294
1,370

1,450
1,575
1,623
1,610
1,527
1,536
1,517
1,485
1,535
1,431
1,516
1,542
1,528

13,007
14,491
13,714
13,648
13,662
14,171
14,055
13,716
13,785
14,214
13,845
13,012
13,772

2,189
2,264
2,317
2,252
2,356
2,222
2,374
2,511
2,352
2,397
2,558
2,410
2,351

5,132
5,517
5,120
4,345
4,339
4,081
4,341
4,598
4,412
4,392
4,608
5,462
4,695

2,418
2,466
2,206
2,153
2,234
2,358
2,248
2,288
2,319
2,252
2,477
2,452
2,322

18,304
18,643
18,164
18,211
18,589
18,857
18,515
19,156
18,092
18,705
18,528
18,120
18,490

R 4,100

R 45,151

R 4,266

R 47,646

R 4,308

R 45,828

R 4,119

R 44,728

R 4,213

R 45,392

R 4,230

R 45,920

R 4,202

R 45,736

R 4,305

R 46,573

R 4,093

R 45,053

R 4,350

R 46,310

R 4,370

R 46,386

R 4,303

R 45,759

R 4,239

R 45,868

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R 89,111

R 45,860

R 4,215

R 46,448

R 4,111

R 45,189

R 4,254

R 45,793

R 4,182

R 45,448

R 4,213

R 45,306

R 4,173

R 46,673

R 4,266

R 46,334

R 3,970

R 45,864

R 4,193

R 46,309

R 4,106

R 46,888

R 4,171

R 46,238

2013 January ......................

1,718
1,850
1,780
1,842
1,771
1,751
1,891
1,727
1,750
1,800
1,661
1,673
1,767

2,230
2,317
2,338
2,585
2,458
2,489
2,450
2,420
2,445
2,538
2,419
2,152
2,403

1,244
1,341
1,298
1,316
1,282
1,287
1,423
1,281
1,336
1,394
1,275
1,306
1,315

2014 January ......................

1,644
1,749
1,677
1,741
1,587
1,735
1,839
1,709

2,269
2,282
2,432
2,388
R 2,314
2,257
2,490
2,349

1,193
1,229
1,190
1,187
1,233
1,214
1,318
1,223

2013 7-Month Average .....

2012 7-Month Average .....

1,800
1,797

2,410
2,373

1,313
1,379

1,460
1,528
1,497
1,551
1,482
1,590
1,492
1,515
1,546
1,451
1,539
1,455
1,508

12,886
13,445
13,246
14,016
13,675
13,719
14,189
13,822
13,869
14,017
13,541
13,016
13,620

2,496
2,459
2,396
2,365
2,452
2,388
2,433
2,422
2,425
2,373
2,492
2,393
2,424

5,164
5,279
4,729
4,287
4,085
3,860
4,358
4,374
4,113
4,166
4,803
5,191
4,531

2,421
2,407
2,177
2,286
2,275
2,320
2,263
2,325
2,236
2,249
2,455
2,484
2,324

18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961

R 4,144

R 4,166

R 46,026

2,363
2,385
2,337
2,289
2,338
2,330
2,313
2,336

18,921
18,994
18,526
18,783
18,516
18,833
19,164
18,817

R 3,943

R 45,241

R 4,144

R 46,485

R 4,075

R 45,298

R 4,012

R 44,909

R 4,090

R 44,292

R 4,019

R 44,847

4,269
4,078

46,146
45,304

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

2,306
2,296

18,767
18,467

4,184
4,205

45,810
45,758

NA
NA

1,416

R 12,628

R 2,399

R 1,556

R 13,216

R 2,515

R 1,449

R 13,154

R 2,354

R 1,549

R 13,479

R 2,283

R 1,494

R 13,181

2,379

1,538
1,483
1,497

R 13,493

R 2,399

14,012
13,309

2,464
2,398

4,986
5,231
4,852
4,064
3,788
3,774
3,924
4,366

1,513
1,548

13,596
13,814

2,427
2,283

4,531
4,693

a Data are for unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West
Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; for 1984
forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia; and, for 2000 forward,
Slovenia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories; for
1984 forward, Mexico; and, for 2000 forward, Chile, Estonia, and Israel.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R 90,439

rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of

Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: United States: Table 3.1. Chile, East Germany, Former
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Non-OECD
Countries, U.S. Territories, and World: 19731979U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. Countries Other Than
United States: 19802008EIA, International Energy Statistics (IES). OECD
Countries, and U.S. Territories: 2009 forwardEIA, IES. World: 2009
forwardEIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, November 2014, Table 3a. All Other
Data:International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil Statistics and Energy
Balances in OECD Countries, various issues.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

153

Figure 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Billion Barrels)
Overview, End of Year, 19732013

OECD Stocks, End of Month, July

4.241

4.235

4.226

2012

2013

2014

OECD

2
United States

OECD Europe

Japan
0

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

By Selected OECD Country, End of Month

July 2013
July 2014

0.166

France

0.170
0.289

Germany

0.287
0.126

Italy

0.120
0.083

United Kingdom

0.072
0.178

Canada

0.185
0.579

Japan

0.591
0.189

South Korea

0.180
1.818

United States

1.818

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Source: Table 11.3.

154

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

1.8

2.0

Table 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Million Barrels)
France
1973 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year

Germanya

Italy

United
Kingdom

OECD
Europeb

Canada

Japan

South
Korea

United
States

Other
OECDc

OECDd

.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................

201
225
243
139
143
155
154
161
169
160
170
165
170
179
177
185
182
180
179
175
168
165

181
187
319
277
280
302
303
299
323
290
272
273
253
273
267
283
283
275
279
284
287
281

152
143
170
156
171
162
152
147
153
148
157
151
156
153
154
151
153
152
148
146
143
135

156
165
168
131
103
101
103
100
104
101
100
113
104
100
101
95
103
92
93
89
83
80

1,070
1,154
1,464
1,154
1,222
1,256
1,259
1,271
1,355
1,258
1,318
1,306
1,273
1,316
1,319
1,371
1,404
1,389
1,431
1,424
1,385
1,330

140
174
164
112
143
132
127
144
139
141
143
154
155
165
154
168
169
163
162
157
184
178

303
375
495
500
572
631
651
685
649
629
634
634
615
636
635
612
631
621
629
589
587
589

NA
NA
NA
13
64
92
123
124
129
132
140
143
140
155
149
135
152
143
135
155
165
167

1,008
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
1,750

67
67
72
119
126
122
127
123
120
114
126
120
112
105
108
112
113
121
124
118
120
118

2,588
2,903
3,587
3,417
3,749
3,795
3,794
3,907
4,039
3,766
3,829
3,944
3,843
3,945
4,010
4,095
4,187
4,103
4,218
4,219
4,234
4,131

2012 January ....................

166
165
165
163
162
164
163
168
164
160
160
162

288
286
284
284
281
280
285
284
283
282
287
287

138
138
139
137
137
134
132
138
143
141
138
126

84
84
82
85
82
82
80
82
75
75
85
81

1,359
1,356
1,367
1,359
1,338
1,340
1,350
1,367
1,349
1,330
1,345
1,336

178
180
171
170
172
170
173
177
180
175
174
174

594
583
580
592
597
601
608
603
606
614
604
591

164
171
164
174
183
177
181
179
184
180
177
175

1,773
1,767
1,783
1,784
1,796
1,810
1,813
1,801
1,819
1,810
1,810
1,808

121
113
113
115
117
112
116
114
117
110
106
108

4,189
4,172
4,178
4,195
4,202
4,210
4,241
4,241
4,254
4,219
4,217
4,192

2013 January ....................

162
162
161
159
163
166
166
167
166
167
167
167

292
289
291
289
291
288
289
288
287
288
287
290

129
130
131
132
121
126
126
127
131
130
131
125

86
81
80
85
80
84
83
84
82
81
75
78

1,374
1,376
1,374
1,370
1,342
1,343
1,357
1,350
1,355
1,352
1,334
1,338

172
174
171
172
169
174
178
185
183
176
174
170

593
583
591
598
594
588
579
579
591
587
587
575

179
176
188
176
177
182
189
188
191
190
181
178

1,811
1,790
1,793
1,808
1,817
1,819
1,818
1,823
1,833
1,810
1,789
1,761

105
110
114
114
111
116
114
114
113
114
114
112

4,234
4,210
4,232
4,238
4,211
4,221
4,235
4,238
4,265
4,229
4,179
4,134

2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................

171
167
167
167
172
168
170

291
296
289
291
294
292
287

127
124
122
122
128
121
120

77
77
77
76
76
75
72

1,359
1,353
1,342
1,338
1,361
R 1,345
1,338

170
176
174
178
176
179
185

579
576
586
576
584
R 585
591

178
182
187
180
184
180
180

1,743
1,743
1,753
1,780
1,809
1,814
1,818

R 111

R 4,139

R 114

R 4,144

110
112
R 114
R 112
113

R 4,228

a Through December 1983, the data for Germany are for the former West
Germany only. Beginning with January 1984, the data for Germany are for the
unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; for 1984
forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia; and, for 2000 forward,
Slovenia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories; for
1984 forward, Mexico; and, for 2000 forward, Chile, Estonia, and Israel.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Petroleum stocks include crude oil

4,151
4,165
R 4,215

4,226

(including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined
products. In the United States in January 1975, 1981, and 1983, numerous
respondents were added to bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, thereby affecting
subsequent stocks reported. New-basis end-of-year U.S. stocks, in million barrels,
would have been 1,121 in 1974, 1,425 in 1980, and 1,461 in 1982. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: United States: Table 3.4. U.S. Territories: 1983
forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Database.
All Other Data: 19731982International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil
Statistics and Energy Balances, various issues. 1983IEA, Monthly Oil and Gas
Statistics Database. 1984 forwardIEA, Monthly Oil Data Service, November 14,
2014.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

155

International Petroleum
Tables 11.1a and 11.1b Sources
United States
Table 3.1.
All Other Countries and World, Annual Data
19731979: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
International Energy Annual 1981, Table 8.
1980 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, November
2014.
All Other Countries and World, Monthly Data
19731980: Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (PIW), Oil &
Gas Journal (OGJ), and EIA adjustments.
19811993: PIW, OGJ, and other industry sources.
1994 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, November
2014.

156

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

12. Environment

Figure 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
a

Total,a Monthly

Total, 19732013
8,000

800

6,000

600

4,000

400

2,000

200

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

By Major Source, 19732013

By Major Source, Monthly

300

3,000

Petroleum
Petroleum

200

2,000
Coalb

1,000

Coalb

100

Natural Gas

Natural
Gas

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Total, JanuaryAugust

2010

J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2012
2013
2014

By Major Source, August 2014

4,000
3,524

3,594

3,668

Petroleum

195

3,000

Coal

2,000

160

1,000

Natural Gas

105

0
2012
a
b

158

2013

2014

Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Includes coal coke net imports.

100

150

200

250

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.

Source: Table 12.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coalb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Natural Aviation Distillate

Gasc Gasoline Fuel Oild

Jet
Fuel

Kerosene

LPGe

Lubricants

Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinef
Coke
Fuel Oil

Otherg

Total

Totalh,i

1,207
1,181
1,436
1,638
1,821
1,913
1,995
2,040
2,064
2,062
2,155
2,088
2,095
2,136
2,160
2,182
2,147
2,172
2,140
1,876
1,986
1,876

1,178
1,046
1,061
926
1,024
1,183
1,204
1,210
1,189
1,193
1,243
1,188
1,227
1,193
1,200
1,183
1,167
1,241
1,248
1,225
1,286
1,305

6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

480
443
446
445
470
498
525
534
538
555
580
598
587
610
632
640
648
652
615
564
590
604

155
146
156
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
210
209

32
24
24
17
6
8
9
10
12
11
10
11
6
8
10
10
8
5
2
3
3
2

92
82
87
87
67
80
86
87
82
90
97
88
91
87
87
84
80
83
79
78
79
78

13
11
13
12
13
13
12
13
14
14
14
13
12
11
12
12
11
12
11
10
11
10

911
911
900
930
988
1,044
1,063
1,075
1,107
1,127
1,135
1,151
1,183
1,188
1,214
1,214
1,224
1,227
1,165
1,156
1,145
1,112

54
51
49
54
70
76
79
80
93
96
86
89
96
96
107
106
106
100
93
87
81
78

508
443
453
216
220
152
152
142
158
148
163
144
125
138
155
165
122
128
110
90
93
79

100
97
142
93
127
121
139
145
128
133
118
135
130
142
144
143
152
150
132
112
122
117

2,350
2,212
2,275
2,036
2,187
2,216
2,300
2,323
2,372
2,422
2,459
2,474
2,470
2,514
2,603
2,623
2,593
2,596
2,436
2,305
2,336
2,291

4,735
4,439
4,771
4,600
5,039
5,323
5,510
5,584
5,635
5,688
5,868
5,761
5,804
5,855
5,975
5,999
5,919
6,021
5,835
5,417
5,619
5,483

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

51
48
49
47
49
47
47
49
47
51
49
46
580

16
16
17
16
18
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
206

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

8
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
81

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9

88
87
93
91
97
94
95
99
90
94
89
91
1,106

7
5
6
6
7
7
6
8
7
6
7
7
78

7
5
6
6
5
5
7
6
5
5
5
3
65

9
10
9
8
8
10
10
10
7
11
11
12
113

188
180
188
181
191
188
190
196
179
190
184
185
2,240

R 479

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

53
47
49
49
49
46
47
48
47
53
49
51
587

16
15
17
17
18
18
19
19
17
18
17
18
210

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

9
8
8
7
6
6
7
6
6
8
8
9
88

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10

90
82
93
92
97
95
99
99
93
96
93
93
1,123

7
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
6
7
6
76

5
4
7
4
4
4
5
6
5
4
5
3
56

9
9
8
9
11
9
11
9
12
9
11
11
119

191
170
189
184
193
186
196
195
189
195
192
191
2,272

56
49
53
50
51
49
50
50
408

17
15
18
17
17
19
19
19
142

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

10
7
7
6
5
6
6
6
53

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7

88
85
94
94
97
94
99
100
751

8
5
4
6
7
6
7
7
50

4
3
3
4
3
4
4
3
28

9
10
9
10
9
9
9
9
74

192
175
190
188
192
187
196
195
1,515

461
3,668

389
387

140
138

(s)
1

57
52

7
6

747
744

51
52

39
47

75
72

1,505
1,501

3,594
3,524

2012 January ................

142

R 147

118
107
127
R 143
170
163
138
133
140
R 147
R 1,657

134
114
104
100
100
110
107
96
101
116
134
R 1,363

2013 January ................

150
135
141
123
131
149
164
162
145
134
133
154
1,722

2014 January ................

165
152
145
119
129
148
161
160
1,180

R 174
R 149
R 138
R 105
R 97
R 94
R 102

105
965

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

1,156
1,099

924
916

1
1

R 128

R 155
R 138
R 135
R 105

R 93
R 103
R 103

94
R 100
R 124
R 157
R 1,399

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Includes coal coke net imports.
c Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
e Liquefied petroleum gases.
f Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
g Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
h Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass
waste. See Table 12.6.
i Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.

442
420

R 394
R 419

431
471

R 468
R 415

426

R 441

466
R 5,272
R 497

444

R 467
R 413

418

R 429

464

R 461

429
R 430
R 450
502
R 5,405
R 533
R 477
R 474
R 413
R 419
R 431
R 459

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption, including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels.
See "Section 12
Methodology and Sources" at end of section. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
end of section. Data exclude emissions from biomass energy consumption. See
Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

159

Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
Totala by End-Use Sector,b 19732013

Residential Sector by Major Source, 19732013

2,500

1,000

2,000

1,500

Retail Electricityb

750

Industrial
Transportation

500

Residential
1,000

Natural Gas
Commercial

250

500

Petroleum
0

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Commercial Sector by Major Source, 19732013

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Industrial Sector by Major Source, 19732013

1,000

Retail Electricityb

750

Retail Electricityb
Natural Gas

500

500
Petroleum

250

Natural Gas

Coal

Petroleum
0

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Transportation Sector by Major Source, 19732013

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Electric Power Sector by Major Source, 19732013

2,500

2,000

2,000
Coal

Petroleum
1,500

1,500

1,000

1,000
Petroleum

Base Gas
500

500

Natural Gas
Natural Gas
0

0
1975
a

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of
b

160

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

total electricity retail sales.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.
Sources: Tables 12.212.6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................

9
6
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Natural
Gasb

Distillate
Fuel Oilc

Kerosene

LPGd

Total

Retail
Electricitye

Totalf

NA
NA
NA
NA

264
266
256
241
238
263
284
270
247
257
271
259
265
276
264
262
237
257
266
259
259
255

147
132
96
80
72
66
68
64
56
61
66
66
63
68
68
62
52
53
55
43
41
39

16
12
8
11
5
5
6
7
8
8
7
7
4
5
6
6
5
3
2
2
2
1

36
32
20
20
22
25
30
29
27
33
35
33
34
34
32
32
28
31
35
35
33
32

199
176
124
111
98
96
104
99
91
102
108
106
101
108
106
101
85
87
92
79
77
72

435
419
529
553
624
678
710
719
759
762
805
805
835
847
856
897
869
897
878
819
875
824

907
867
911
909
963
1,039
1,099
1,090
1,097
1,122
1,185
1,172
1,203
1,232
1,228
1,261
1,192
1,241
1,235
1,157
1,210
1,150

2012 January ......................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

43
36
22
15
9
7
6
6
6
13
26
36
225

5
4
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
36

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
25

7
6
6
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
6
61

68
57
50
44
55
69
92
85
65
53
56
65
757

118
100
78
64
68
80
102
95
75
71
88
107
1,044

2013 January ......................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

48
41
36
20
11
7
6
6
6
12
28
R 46
R 267

6
5
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
36

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
27

8
8
7
6
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
6
64

72
61
62
50
51
67
83
79
67
54
54
74
773

128
110
106
76
66
77
93
89
77
70
88
126
R 1,105

2014 January ......................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

R 57

4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
21

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
17

7
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
38

84
73
63
47
51
66
78
78
540

R 148

46
38
19
11
7
6
6
189

2013 8-Month Total ...........

2012 8-Month Total ...........

NA
NA

174
143

27
25

(s)
(s)

18
16

45
42

526
519

745
705

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
f Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

126
107
70
66
76
87
87
768

Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. Data exclude emissions from
biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

161

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Natural
Gasb

Distillate
Fuel Oilc

Kerosene

Motor
Gasolinee

LPGd

........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................

15
14
11
13
12
11
12
12
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
9
6
7
8
7
7
6

141
136
141
132
142
164
171
174
164
165
173
164
170
173
170
163
154
164
171
169
168
171

47
43
38
46
39
35
35
32
31
32
36
37
32
36
34
33
29
28
28
29
29
29

5
4
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

9
8
6
6
6
7
8
8
7
9
9
9
9
10
10
8
8
8
10
9
9
9

6
6
8
7
8
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
3

2012 January ....................

1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

24
21
14
11
8
7
7
7
8
12
17
21
157

4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9

2013 January ....................

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

26
23
21
13
9
7
7
7
8
11
19
26
R 178

4
4
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
27

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

2014 January ....................

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

31
27
23
13
9
8
7
7
125

3
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
15

2013 8-Month Total .........

2012 8-Month Total .........

3
3

115
100

20
19

NA
NA
NA
NA

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

Retail
Electricityf

Totalg

0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

52
39
44
18
18
11
11
9
7
6
7
6
6
9
10
9
6
6
6
6
5
4

120
100
98
79
73
56
57
54
51
51
58
57
52
61
58
55
48
47
47
47
46
46

334
333
412
480
566
620
643
686
724
735
783
797
795
796
816
842
836
861
850
785
805
769

609
583
662
704
793
851
883
926
947
960
1,022
1,027
1,026
1,037
1,054
1,069
1,043
1,078
1,076
1,008
1,026
991

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
40

57
53
52
51
60
66
76
73
63
61
59
59
731

87
79
70
65
72
76
86
84
74
76
79
84
933

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

6
5
5
4
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
4
41

59
54
58
53
59
67
74
73
65
61
58
63
744

91
83
84
71
71
77
R 83
84
76
75
80
92
968

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
(s)
(s)
(s)

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

4
4
4
2
3
2
2
2
24

66
59
59
52
59
66
72
73
506

102
90
86
68
71
77
82
83
659

(s)
(s)

6
6

2
2

29
28

497
488

645
619

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

162

Petroleum
Coke

(s)
(s)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Coal
Coke
Net
Natural Distillate
Imports Gasb Fuel Oilc

Petroleum
Kerosene

LPGd

Lubricants

Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinee
Coke
Fuel Oil

Otherf

Total

Retail
Electricityg

Totalh
1,904
1,697
1,798
1,566
1,695
1,751
1,803
1,824
1,809
1,778
1,788
1,711
1,683
1,692
1,731
1,678
1,662
1,662
1,602
1,390
1,498
1,487

371
336
289
256
258
233
227
224
219
208
211
204
188
190
191
183
179
175
168
131
153
146

-1
2
-4
-2
1
7
3
5
8
7
7
3
7
6
16
5
7
3
5
-3
-1
1

536
440
429
360
432
489
505
505
495
475
483
440
448
432
437
405
404
414
412
386
421
431

106
97
96
81
84
82
87
88
88
86
87
95
88
85
88
92
92
92
99
78
85
91

11
9
13
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
1
(s)

44
39
61
59
37
47
48
50
47
47
52
45
47
41
44
42
43
43
32
33
35
34

7
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5

18
16
11
15
13
14
14
15
14
11
11
21
22
23
26
25
26
21
17
16
18
17

52
51
48
54
67
67
71
70
80
85
76
79
79
78
84
81
84
82
77
72
67
63

144
117
105
57
31
25
24
21
16
14
17
14
13
16
18
20
16
13
13
8
6
6

100
97
142
93
127
121
139
145
128
133
118
135
130
142
144
143
152
150
132
112
122
117

483
431
483
369
366
364
391
396
382
383
369
396
386
393
413
412
421
408
376
325
338
335

515
490
601
583
638
659
678
694
706
704
719
667
654
672
675
673
650
662
642
551
587
574

2012 January ................

12
12
12
R 12
R 12
11
11
R 12
11
R 12
12
12
R 141

(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

41
38
38
36
36
35
36
R 37
36
37
38
40
R 447

9
10
8
8
8
7
5
6
7
9
9
7
94

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
45

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16

6
4
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
5
6
6
69

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

9
10
9
8
8
10
10
10
7
11
11
12
113

32
30
29
26
28
27
25
28
26
31
32
31
345

43
42
41
41
46
47
52
50
45
46
46
45
543

120
115
121
120
R 125
126
117
R 126
127
128
R 1,476

2013 January ................

12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
145

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-2

41
38
40
37
37
R 36
37
37
36
38
40
43
R 462

10
7
7
7
8
7
6
6
7
11
9
9
95

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

6
5
5
4
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
5
49

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
17

6
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
63

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

9
9
8
9
11
9
11
9
12
9
11
11
119

33
26
27
26
30
27
28
27
31
31
33
32
350

43
40
44
41
44
46
48
49
44
44
43
44
531

129
117
122
R 116
123
120
125
124
R 123
126
R 129
131
R 1,486

2014 January ................

12
12
12
12
12
12
R 11
12
94

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-1

R 45
R 41
R 43
R 40
R 39
R 38
R 39

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

6
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
28

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

7
4
3
5
6
5
6
6
41

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

9
10
9
10
9
9
9
9
74

36
30
29
31
29
27
29
27
236

45
41
43
40
44
46
48
49
356

R 137

39
322

13
10
10
10
9
8
8
8
77

127
1,007

2013 8-Month Total .....

2012 8-Month Total .....

96
94

-1
1

304
296

58
61

(s)
(s)

32
28

4
3

11
11

42
46

2
2

75
72

223
225

355
361

977
977

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
f Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
g Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
h Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.

127
R 122

123
R 127
R 121
R 123
R 122
R 127

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons and greater than -0.5 million
metric tons.
Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption, including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels.
See "Section 12
Methodology and Sources" at end of section. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
end of section. Data exclude emissions from biomass energy consumption. See
Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states
and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

163

Table 12.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coal

Natural
Gasb

(s)
(s)
(h)
h
( )
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

39
32
34
28
36
38
39
41
35
36
36
35
37
33
32
33
33
35
37
38
38
39

6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

163
155
204
232
268
307
327
342
352
366
378
387
394
409
434
444
469
472
427
408
429
441

2012 January ....................

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
R4
4
41

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

2013 January ....................

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

2014 January ....................

(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)

R6
R5
R5
R4

2013 8-Month Total .........

2012 8-Month Total .........

(h)
(h)

1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................

2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4

1,315
1,292
1,400
1,421
1,588
1,681
1,725
1,744
1,782
1,828
1,872
1,852
1,892
1,893
1,962
1,991
2,022
2,040
1,922
1,862
1,885
1,855

5
5
5
5
4
4
6
5
5
4
4
2
53

142
137
148
147
154
152
155
158
145
151
143
143
1,774

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

146
142
152
150
157
155
159
162
148
154
147
147
1,819

88
80
92
91
96
93
97
97
92
95
91
92
1,103

4
3
6
3
3
3
4
5
4
3
4
2
45

142
129
149
147
155
151
159
160
149
155
149
147
1,792

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

R 148
R 135

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

87
83
92
92
95
93
98
99
738

2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
19

140
132
149
150
154
152
160
160
1,197

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

164
1,234

3
3

734
731

31
39

1,192
1,193

3
3

1,227
1,224

3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
2
2

6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
5
5

886
889
881
908
967
1,029
1,047
1,057
1,090
1,115
1,121
1,127
1,158
1,161
1,185
1,186
1,194
1,201
1,145
1,136
1,123
1,092

57
56
110
62
80
72
67
56
53
52
70
46
53
45
58
66
71
78
73
62
70
61

32
31
34
35
37
36
37
38
35
37
35
34
420

16
16
17
16
18
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
206

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5

87
85
91
90
95
92
94
97
88
92
87
89
1,087

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

33
30
34
35
37
37
38
38
35
38
35
35
425

16
15
17
17
18
18
19
19
17
18
17
18
210

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5

4
33

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1

34
32
36
37
38
37
39
39
291

17
15
18
17
17
19
19
19
142

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2

32
28

1
1

281
280

140
138

2
2

3
3

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
h Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.

164

1,273
1,258
1,363
1,391
1,548
1,639
1,683
1,699
1,743
1,789
1,833
1,813
1,851
1,856
1,926
1,953
1,984
1,999
1,881
1,819
1,842
1,812

152
145
155
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
210
209

Jet
Fuel

Totalg

Lubricants

3
3
R4
R4
3
3
4
5
R 49

Distillate
Fuel Oilc

Retail
Electricityf

LPGd

R5
R5
R4

Aviation
Gasoline

Motor
Gasolinee

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

154
R 151

158
R 155
163
R 164
153
159
153
R 153
R 1,845
R 147
R 138
R 154
R 154

158
R 156
R 164

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table 12.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Natural
Gasb

Distillate
Fuel Oilc

Petroleum
Coke

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

Geothermal

NonBiomass
Wasted

Totale

............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................

812
824
1,137
1,367
1,548
1,661
1,752
1,797
1,828
1,836
1,927
1,870
1,890
1,931
1,943
1,984
1,954
1,987
1,959
1,741
1,828
1,723

199
172
200
166
176
228
205
219
248
260
281
290
306
278
297
319
338
372
362
373
399
409

20
17
12
6
7
8
8
8
10
10
13
12
9
12
8
8
5
7
5
5
6
5

2
(s)
1
1
3
8
8
10
13
11
10
11
18
18
23
25
22
17
16
14
15
15

254
231
194
79
92
45
50
56
82
76
69
79
52
69
69
69
28
31
19
14
12
7

276
248
207
86
102
61
66
75
105
97
91
102
79
98
100
102
56
55
40
34
33
27

NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
12
11
11
11

1,286
1,244
1,544
1,619
1,831
1,960
2,033
2,101
2,192
2,204
2,310
2,273
2,288
2,319
2,352
2,417
2,359
2,426
2,374
2,159
2,271
2,171

2012 January ........................

130
115
105
95
115
131
158
151
127
122
128
134
1,511

35
35
36
39
44
48
58
54
43
36
31
32
493

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9

1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6

2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
19

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

168
153
144
135
161
181
220
208
173
160
162
169
2,035

2013 January ........................

137
123
129
111
118
138
152
150
133
121
121
141
1,575

34
31
33
30
33
40
49
49
41
35
32
36
442

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13

1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
23

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

175
156
164
144
155
180
205
202
177
159
156
180
2,053

2014 January ........................

153
140
132
108
117
136
149
149
1,084

36
30
30
30
35
39
46
49
294

2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9

2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6

5
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
19

(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8

196
173
166
140
155
178
198
200
1,406

2013 8-Month Total .............

2012 8-Month Total .............

1,059
1,000

299
349

3
3

9
6

4
4

16
13

(s)
(s)

8
8

1,381
1,371

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.
e Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.

See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. Data exclude emissions from
biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

165

Table 12.7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
By Source
Woodb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total

Biomass
Wastec

......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................

143
140
232
252
208
222
229
222
205
208
212
188
187
188
199
200
197
196
193
181
186
189

(s)
(s)
(s)
14
24
30
32
30
30
29
27
33
36
36
35
37
36
37
39
41
42
42

2012 January ..................

16
15
16
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
189

2013 January ..................

Fuel
Ethanold
NA
NA
NA

By Sector
Biodiesel

Total

Residential

Commerciale

Industrialf

3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
31
39
55
62
73
73

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
3
3
3
2
8

143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
266
276
290
287
303
312

33
40
80
95
54
49
51
40
36
37
39
35
36
38
38
40
36
39
44
47
41
42

1
1
2
2
8
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
11

109
100
150
168
147
166
170
172
160
161
161
147
144
141
151
150
151
146
139
125
136
139

3
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
4
42

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
73

(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
8

26
25
26
25
26
26
27
27
26
26
26
27
312

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
39

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10

17
15
17
16
16
17
18
17
16
17
17
18
201

4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
43

6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
75

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
13

27
25
28
26
28
28
29
28
27
29
28
29
332

5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
54

2014 January ..................

17
16
17
16
17
17
18
18
136

4
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
28

6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
50

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8

28
25
28
27
28
28
29
29
222

2013 8-Month Total .......

2012 8-Month Total .......

133
125

29
28

49
49

7
6

218
208

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Wood and wood-derived fuels.
c Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
d Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.
e Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants.
f Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
g The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

166

Transportation
NA
NA
NA

Electric
Powerg

Total

3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
33
41
57
64
74
80

(s)
(s)
(s)
1
23
28
30
30
30
30
29
31
35
37
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
40

143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
266
276
290
287
303
312

12
11
12
11
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
141

6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
7
6
6
80

4
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
4
42

26
25
26
25
26
26
27
27
26
26
26
27
312

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11

12
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
11
11
11
12
137

6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
7
8
87

4
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
43

27
25
28
26
28
28
29
28
27
29
28
29
332

5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
36

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7

11
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
90

7
7
7
7
8
7
8
8
58

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
31

28
25
28
27
28
28
29
29
222

36
26

7
7

91
93

56
54

28
28

218
208

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

Notes: Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are
excluded from the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions reported in Tables
12.112.6. See Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Data are estimates. See "Section 12
Methodology and Sources" at end of section. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Environment
Note 1. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are those gasessuch as
water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoridethat are transparent to solar (shortwave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation,
thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from leaving
Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed
radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for about
98 percent of U.S. CO2 emissions. The vast majority of CO2
emissions come from fossil fuel combustion, with smaller
amounts from the nonfuel use of fossil fuels, as well as from
electricity generation using geothermal energy and nonbiomass waste. Other sources of CO2 emissions include
industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production. Data in the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Monthly Energy Review (MER) Tables 12.112.6 are
estimates for U.S. CO2 emissions from energy consumption,
including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels (excluded are estimates for CO2 emissions from biomass energy consumption,
which appear in Table 12.7).
For annual U.S. estimates for emissions of CO2 from all
sources, as well as for emissions of other greenhouse gases,
see EIAs Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report at
http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/.
Note 2. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Biomass Energy Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions from the combustion of biomass to produce
energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions
reported in MER Tables 12.112.6, but appear in Table
12.7. According to current international convention (see the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories),
carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded
from reported energy-related emissions. The release of
carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced
by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting
in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not to
say that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are
required in order to grow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock
and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.)
However, analysts have debated whether increased use of
biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon
stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than
the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported
energy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of
forests for biofuel crops could result in an initial release of
carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the
land for agriculture.
To reflect the potential net emissions, the international
convention for greenhouse gas inventories is to report

biomass emissions in the category agriculture, forestry, and

other land use, usually based on estimates of net changes in
carbon stocks over time.
This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can
potentially lead to confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within energy and nonenergy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of
CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other
energy-related CO2 emissions offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy
sources as necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total
of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energy-related
CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon
emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources offset any such
sequestration.

Section 12 Methodology and Sources

To estimate carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption for the Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 12.112.7,
the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses the
following methodology and sources:
Step 1. Determine Fuel Consumption
CoalCoal sectoral (residential, commercial, coke plants,
other industrial, transportation, electric power) consumption
data in thousand short tons are from MER Table 6.2. Coal
sectoral consumption data are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the coal heat content factors in MER Table
A5.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCoal coke net imports data in trillion Btu are derived from coal coke imports and exports data
in MER Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Natural Gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels)Natural gas sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu are from
MER Tables 2.22.6.
PetroleumTotal and sectoral consumption (product
supplied) data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and
road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), lubricants, motor
gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil are from
MER Tables 3.5 and 3.7a3.7c. For the component products of LPG (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) and other
petroleum (aviation gasoline blending components, crude
oil, motor gasoline blending components, naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products), consumption (product supplied) data in thousand
barrels per day are from EIAs Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), and earlier

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

167

publications (see sources for MER Table 3.5). Petroleum

consumption data by product are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the petroleum heat content factors in MER
Table A1 (Table A3 for motor gasoline).
BiomassSectoral consumption data in trillion Btu for
wood, biomass waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and
biodiesel are from MER Tables 10.2a10.2c.
Step 2. Remove Biofuels From Petroleum
Distillate Fuel OilBeginning in 2009, the distillate fuel
oil data (for total and transportation sector) in Step 1
include biodiesel, a non-fossil renewable fuel. To remove
the biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data in thousand barrels per day for refinery and blender net inputs of
renewable diesel fuel (from the PSA/PSM) are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content
factor in MER Table A3, and then subtracted from the
distillate fuel oil consumption values.
Motor GasolineBeginning in 1993, the motor gasoline
data (for total, commercial sector, industrial sector, and
transportation sector) in Step 1 include fuel ethanol, a nonfossil renewable fuel. To remove the fuel ethanol portion
from motor gasoline, data in trillion Btu for fuel ethanol
consumption (from MER Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.3)
are subtracted from the motor gasoline consumption
values. (Note that about 2 percent of fuel ethanol is fossilbased petroleum denaturant, to make the fuel ethanol
undrinkable. For 19932008, petroleum denaturant is
double counted in the PSA product supplied statistics, in
both the original product categorye.g., pentanes
plusand also in the finished motor gasoline category; for
this time period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant
is removed along with the fuel ethanol from motor gasoline, but left in the original product. Beginning in 2009,
petroleum denaturant is counted only in the PSA/PSM
product supplied statistics for motor gasoline; for this time
period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant is left in
motor gasoline.)
Step 3. Remove Carbon Sequestered by Nonfuel Use
The following fuels have industrial nonfuel uses as chemical feedstocks and other products: coal, natural gas, asphalt
and road oil, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases
(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene), lubricants (which have
industrial and transportation nonfuel uses), naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, petroleum coke, residual fuel
oil, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and miscellaneous
petroleum products. In the nonfuel use of these fuels, some
of the carbon is sequestered, and is thus subtracted from the
fuel consumption values in Steps 1 and 2.
Estimates of annual nonfuel use and associated carbon
sequestration are developed by EIA using the methodology
168

detailed in Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse

Gases
in
the
United
States
2008
at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/pdf/0638(2008).pdf.

To obtain monthly estimates of nonfuel use and associated

carbon sequestration, monthly patterns for industrial
consumption and product supplied data series are used. For
coal nonfuel use, the monthly pattern for coke plants coal
consumption from MER Table 6.2 is used. For natural gas,
the monthly pattern for other industrial non-CHP natural gas
consumption from MER Table 4.3 is used. For distillate
fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil, the monthly
patterns for industrial consumption from MER Table 3.7b
are used. For the other petroleum products, the monthly
patterns for product supplied from the PSA and PSM are
used.
Step 4. Determine Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Energy Consumption
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions data in million metric tons
are calculated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from Steps 1 and 2 (minus the carbon sequestered in
nonfuel use in Step 3) by the CO2 emissions factors at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/excel/CO2_coeffs_09_v2.xls.
Beginning in 2010, the 2009 factors are used.
CoalCO2 emissions for coal are calculated for each sector
(residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, transportation, electric power). Total coal emissions are the sum
of the sectoral coal emissions.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCO2 emissions for coal coke net
imports are calculated.
Natural GasCO2 emissions for natural gas are calculated
for each sector (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, electric power). Total natural gas emissions are the
sum of the sectoral natural gas emissions.
PetroleumCO2 emissions are calculated for each petroleum
product. Total petroleum emissions are the sum of the product
emissions. Total LPG emissions are the sum of the emissions
for the component products (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene); residential, commercial, and transportation sector LPG emissions
are estimated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from MER Tables 3.8a and 3.8c by the propane emissions factor; industrial sector LPG emissions are estimated as
total LPG emissions minus emissions by the other sectors.
Geothermal and Non-Biomass WasteAnnual CO2 emissions data for geothermal and non-biomass waste are EIA
estimates based on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report (and predecessor forms). Monthly estimates
are created by dividing the annual data by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of
days in the month. (Annual estimates for the current year
are set equal to those of the previous year.)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

BiomassCO2 emissions for wood, biomass waste, fuel

ethanol (minus denaturant), and biodiesel are calculated for
each sector. Total emissions for each biomass fuel are the
sum of the sectoral emissions. The following factors, in
million metric tons CO2 per quadrillion Btu, are used: wood
93.80; biomass waste90.70; fuel ethanol68.44; and
biodiesel73.84. For 19731988, the biomass portion

of waste in MER Tables 10.2a10.2c is estimated as 67

percent; for 19892000, the biomass portion of waste is estimated as 67 percent in 1989 to 58 percent in 2000, based on
the biogenic shares of total municipal solid waste shown in
EIAs Methodolology for Allocating Municipal Solid
Waste to Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Energy, Table 1 at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/msw.pdf.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

169

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following
tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British
thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy measured
in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For
example, 10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of
approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636 million
Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors)
provided in this section represent the gross (or higher or
upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content rates
are applied in all Btu calculations for the Monthly Energy
Review and are commonly used in energy calculations in
the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates are
typically used in European energy calculations. The difference between the two rates is the amount of energy that is
consumed to vaporize water that is created during the
combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from
2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and
its hydrogen content. Some fuels, such as unseasoned
wood, can be more than 40 percent different in their gross

and net heat content rates.

See Heat Content and
British Thermal Unit (Btu) in the Glossary for more
information.
Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table
A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors
for each hydrocarbon included in the mix. For example, in
calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is
weighted 1.5 times the thermal conversion factor for
propane.
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented
in Tables A2 through A6 are computed from final annual
data or from the best available data and labeled preliminary. Often, the previous years factor is used as a
preliminary value until data become available to calculate
the factor appropriate to the year. The source of each factor
is described in the section entitled Thermal Conversion
Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6 in
this appendix.

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products

(Million Btu per Barrel)
Petroleum Product
Asphalt
Aviation Gasoline
Butane
Butane-Propane Mixturea
Distillate Fuel Oilb
Ethane
Ethane-Propane Mixturec
Isobutane
Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type
Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type
Kerosene
Lubricants
Motor Gasolined
Conventional
Reformulated
Oxygenated
Natural Gasoline and Isopentane

Heat Content
6.636
5.048
4.326
4.130
5.825
3.082
3.308
3.974
5.670
5.355
5.670
6.065
5.253
5.150
5.150
4.620

Petroleum Product
Pentanes Plus
Petrochemical Feedstocks
Naptha Less Than 401F
Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401F
Still Gas
Petroleum Coke
Plant Condensate
Propane
Residual Fuel Oil
Road Oil
Special Naphthas
Still Gas
Unfinished Oils
Unfractionated Stream
Waxes
Miscellaneous

Heat Content
4.620
5.248
5.825
6.000
6.024
5.418
3.836
6.287
6.636
5.248
6.000
5.825
5.418
5.537
5.796

60 percent butane and 40 percent propane.

Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.
c
70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane.
d
See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol heat contents.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: See Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6.
a
b

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

171

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports
(Million Btu per Barrel)
Production

1950 ................................
1955 ................................
1960 ................................
1965 ................................
1970 ................................
1975 ................................
1980 ................................
1981 ................................
1982 ................................
1983 ................................
1984 ................................
1985 ................................
1986 ................................
1987 ................................
1988 ................................
1989 ................................
1990 ................................
1991 ................................
1992 ................................
1993 ................................
1994 ................................
1995 ................................
1996 ................................
1997 ................................
1998 ................................
1999 ................................
2000 ................................
2001 ................................
2002 ................................
2003 ................................
2004 ................................
2005 ................................
2006 ................................
2007 ................................
2008 ................................
2009 ................................
2010 ................................
2011 ................................
2012 ................................
2013 ................................
2014E .............................

Imports

Exports

Crude
Oila

Natural Gas
Plant Liquids

Crude
Oila

Petroleum
Products

Total

Crude
Oila

Petroleum
Products

Total

5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800

4.522
4.406
4.295
4.264
4.146
3.984
3.914
3.930
3.872
3.839
3.812
3.815
3.797
3.804
3.800
3.826
3.822
3.807
3.804
3.801
3.794
3.796
3.777
3.762
3.769
3.744
3.733
3.735
3.729
3.739
3.724
3.724
3.712
3.701
3.706
3.692
3.674
3.672
3.683
3.786
3.786

5.943
5.924
5.911
5.872
5.822
5.821
5.812
5.818
5.826
5.825
5.823
5.832
5.903
5.901
5.900
5.906
5.934
5.948
5.953
5.954
5.950
5.938
5.947
5.954
5.953
5.942
5.959
5.976
5.971
5.970
5.981
5.977
5.980
5.985
5.990
5.988
5.989
6.008
6.165
6.010
6.010

6.263
6.234
6.161
6.123
6.088
5.935
5.748
5.659
5.664
5.677
5.613
5.572
5.624
5.599
5.618
5.641
5.614
5.636
5.623
5.620
5.534
5.483
5.468
5.469
5.462
5.421
5.432
5.443
5.451
5.438
5.475
5.474
5.454
5.503
5.479
5.525
5.557
5.507
5.514
5.458
5.458

6.080
6.040
6.021
5.997
5.985
5.858
5.796
5.775
5.775
5.774
5.745
5.736
5.808
5.820
5.820
5.833
5.849
5.873
5.877
5.883
5.861
5.855
5.847
5.862
5.861
5.840
5.849
5.862
5.863
5.857
5.863
5.845
5.842
5.862
5.866
5.882
5.894
5.896
6.038
5.890
5.890

5.751
5.765
5.835
5.742
5.811
5.747
5.841
5.837
5.829
5.800
5.867
5.819
5.839
5.860
5.842
5.869
5.838
5.827
5.774
5.777
5.777
5.740
5.728
5.726
5.710
5.684
5.651
5.751
5.687
5.739
5.753
5.741
5.723
5.749
5.762
5.737
5.670
5.596
5.583
5.506
5.506

5.766
5.768
5.834
5.743
5.810
5.748
5.820
5.821
5.820
5.800
5.850
5.814
5.832
5.858
5.840
5.857
5.833
5.823
5.777
5.779
5.779
5.746
5.736
5.734
5.720
5.699
5.658
5.752
5.688
5.740
5.754
5.743
5.724
5.750
5.762
5.738
5.672
5.599
5.587
5.516
5.516

a Includes lease condensate.

E=Estimate.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

172

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production
(Million Btu per Barrel)
Total Petroleuma Consumption by Sector
Residential
1950 ..............
1955 ..............
1960 ..............
1965 ..............
1970 ..............
1975 ..............
1980 ..............
1981 ..............
1982 ..............
1983 ..............
1984 ..............
1985 ..............
1986 ..............
1987 ..............
1988 ..............
1989 ..............
1990 ..............
1991 ..............
1992 ..............
1993 ..............
1994 ..............
1995 ..............
1996 ..............
1997 ..............
1998 ..............
1999 ..............
2000 ..............
2001 ..............
2002 ..............
2003 ..............
2004 ..............
2005 ..............
2006 ..............
2007 ..............
2008 ..............
2009 ..............
2010 ..............
2011 ..............
2012 ..............
2013 ..............
2014 ..............

5.473
5.469
5.417
5.364
5.260
5.253
5.321
5.283
5.266
5.140
5.307
5.263
5.268
5.239
5.257
5.194
5.145
5.094
5.124
5.102
5.098
5.063
4.998
4.989
4.975
4.902
4.908
4.937
4.886
4.921
4.953
4.916
4.894
4.850
4.790
4.679
4.679
4.660
4.726
E 4.698
E 4.698

Commercialb
5.817
5.781
5.781
5.760
5.708
5.649
5.751
5.693
5.698
5.591
5.657
5.598
5.632
5.594
5.597
5.549
5.553
5.528
5.513
b 5.505
5.515
5.478
5.433
5.391
5.365
5.291
5.316
5.325
5.293
5.316
5.328
5.364
5.310
5.298
5.186
5.249
5.230
5.200
5.157
E 5.125
E 5.125

Industrialb

Transportationb,c

5.953
5.881
5.818
5.748
5.595
5.513
5.366
5.299
5.247
5.254
5.207
5.199
5.269
5.233
5.228
5.219
5.253
5.167
5.168
b 5.178
5.150
5.121
5.114
5.120
5.137
5.092
5.057
5.142
5.093
5.144
5.144
5.178
5.160
5.127
5.154
5.019
4.985
4.964
4.913
E 4.870
E 4.870

5.461
5.407
5.387
5.386
5.393
5.392
5.441
5.433
5.423
5.416
5.418
5.423
5.426
5.429
5.433
5.438
5.442
5.441
5.443
b 5.436
5.424
5.417
5.420
5.416
5.413
5.413
5.422
5.412
5.411
5.407
5.421
5.427
5.431
5.434
5.424
c 5.414
5.423
5.425
5.418
E 5.416
E 5.416

Electric
Powerd,e

Totalb,c

6.254
6.254
6.267
6.267
6.252
6.250
6.254
6.258
6.258
6.255
6.251
6.247
6.257
6.249
6.250
d 6.240
6.244
6.246
6.238
6.230
6.213
6.188
6.195
6.199
6.210
6.205
6.189
6.199
6.173
6.182
6.192
6.188
6.143
6.151
6.123
6.105
6.084
6.058
6.063
P 6.058
E 6.058

5.649
5.591
5.555
5.532
5.503
5.494
5.479
5.448
5.415
5.406
5.395
5.387
5.418
5.403
5.410
5.410
5.411
5.384
5.378
b 5.379
5.361
5.341
5.336
5.336
5.349
5.328
5.326
5.345
5.324
5.340
5.350
5.365
5.353
5.346
5.339
c 5.301
5.297
5.286
5.274
5.258
E 5.258

Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Consumptionf
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
f 3.779
3.715
3.674
3.643
3.615
3.614
3.599
3.603
3.640
3.659
3.652
3.683
3.625
3.614
3.624
3.606
3.635
3.623
3.613
3.616
3.614
3.616
3.607
3.614
3.613
3.629
3.618
3.620
3.605
3.591
3.600
3.558
3.557
3.541
3.534
3.556
E 3.556

Motor
Gasoline
Consumption
(Old)g
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
g 5.230
5.215
5.216
5.213
5.212
5.211
5.210
5.210
5.208
5.207
5.215
5.218
5.218
5.219
5.218
5.218
5.218
5.218
5.219
5.220
E 5.220

Motor
Gasoline
Consumption
(New)h
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
h 5.232
5.231
5.218
5.218
5.215
5.215
5.213
5.214
5.214
5.211
5.203
5.201
5.198
5.191
5.155
5.126
5.101
5.078
5.068
5.063
5.062
E 5.062

Fuel
Ethanoli
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.561
3.560
3.560
3.559
E 3.559

Fuel
Ethanol
Feedstock
Factorj

Biodiesel

Biodiesel
Feedstock
Factork

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.586
6.562
6.539
6.515
6.492
6.469
6.446
6.423
6.400
6.377
6.355
6.332
6.309
6.287
6.264
6.242
6.220
6.198
6.176
6.167
6.159
6.151
6.143
6.116
6.089
6.063
6.036
6.009
5.983
5.957
5.931
5.905
5.880
5.880
5.880

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433

a Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in
each category are calculated by using heat content values for individual products shown in Table A1.
b Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the major components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the major components of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. The "Motor
Gasoline Consumption (Old)" factors are used in the current Monthly Energy Review (MER) to derive Btu data for motor gasoline, total petroleum products, and total
petroleum in Sections 13.
h Through 1992, excludes oxygenates. Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline; and, for 19932006, also includes methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) and other oxygenates blended into motor gasoline. The "Motor Gasoline Consumption (New)" factors will be used in a future MER to derive Btu data for motor
gasoline, total petroleum products, and total petroleum in Sections 13. These factors will also be adopted in the Short-Term Outlook and the Annual Energy Outlook.
i Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539
million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as
denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 19802008.
j Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the
production of undenatured ethanol. Observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in
2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross
heat content of 3.539 million Btu per barrel.
k Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of
biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to produce one
barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat
content of 17,253 Btu per pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

This table has been modified to include Motor Gasoline Consumption (New) factors.
These factors will be used in a future MER to derive Btu data for motor gasoline, total
petroleum products, and total petroleum in Sections 13. These factors will also be
adopted in the Short-Term Energy Outlook and the Annual Energy Outlook.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

173

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Consumptiona

Production

Marketed
1950 ............................
1955 ............................
1960 ............................
1965 ............................
1970 ............................
1975 ............................
1980 ............................
1981 ............................
1982 ............................
1983 ............................
1984 ............................
1985 ............................
1986 ............................
1987 ............................
1988 ............................
1989 ............................
1990 ............................
1991 ............................
1992 ............................
1993 ............................
1994 ............................
1995 ............................
1996 ............................
1997 ............................
1998 ............................
1999 ............................
2000 ............................
2001 ............................
2002 ............................
2003 ............................
2004 ............................
2005 ............................
2006 ............................
2007 ............................
2008 ............................
2009 ............................
2010 ............................
2011 ............................
2012 ............................
2013 ............................
2014 ............................

1,119
1,120
1,107
1,101
1,102
1,095
1,098
1,103
1,107
1,115
1,109
1,112
1,110
1,112
1,109
1,107
1,105
1,108
1,110
1,106
1,105
1,106
1,109
1,107
1,109
1,107
1,107
1,105
1,103
1,103
1,104
1,104
1,103
1,102
1,100
1,101
1,098
1,142
R 1,091
R 1,100
RE 1,100

Dry
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,024
R 1,027
RE 1,027

End-Use
Sectorsb
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,020
1,024
1,025
1,026
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,031
1,028
1,029
1,027
1,027
1,027
1,033
1,028
1,026
1,029
1,025
1,029
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,025
R 1,028
RE 1,028

Electric Power
Sectorc
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,035
1,035
1,036
1,030
1,035
1,038
1,034
1,032
1,028
c 1,028
1,027
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,021
1,020
1,020
1,024
1,022
1,021
1,026
1,020
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,022
1,021
1,022
P 1,025
E 1,025

Total
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,024
RP 1,027
RE 1,027

Imports

Exports

1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,022
1,014
1,018
1,024
1,005
1,002
997
999
1,002
1,004
1,012
1,014
1,011
1,020
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
E 1,025

1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,014
1,013
1,011
1,011
1,010
1,010
1,011
1,008
1,011
1,018
1,019
1,018
1,022
1,018
1,016
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,006
1,006
1,010
1,008
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
E 1,009

a Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
b Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. =Not applicable.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

174

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

(Million Btu per Short Ton)
Coal

Coal Coke

Consumption

1950 ........................
1955 ........................
1960 ........................
1965 ........................
1970 ........................
1975 ........................
1980 ........................
1981 ........................
1982 ........................
1983 ........................
1984 ........................
1985 ........................
1986 ........................
1987 ........................
1988 ........................
1989 ........................
1990 ........................
1991 ........................
1992 ........................
1993 ........................
1994 ........................
1995 ........................
1996 ........................
1997 ........................
1998 ........................
1999 ........................
2000 ........................
2001 ........................
2002 ........................
2003 ........................
2004 ........................
2005 ........................
2006 ........................
2007 ........................
2008 ........................
2009 ........................
2010 ........................
2011 ........................
2012 ........................
2013P .....................
2014E .....................

Productiona

Waste
Coal
Suppliedb

Residential
and
Commercial
Sectorsc

25.090
25.201
24.906
24.775
23.842
22.897
22.415
22.308
22.239
22.052
22.010
21.870
21.913
21.922
21.823
21.765
21.822
21.681
21.682
21.418
21.394
21.326
21.322
21.296
21.418
21.070
21.072
a 20.772
20.673
20.499
20.424
20.348
20.310
20.340
20.208
19.963
20.173
20.142
20.215
20.187
20.187

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
b 10.391
9.303
10.758
10.396
10.638
11.097
11.722
12.147
12.158
12.639
12.552
12.360
12.169
12.165
12.360
12.266
12.093
12.080
12.090
12.121
12.076
11.960
11.604
11.539
12.428
12.428

24.461
24.373
24.226
24.028
23.203
22.261
22.543
22.474
22.695
22.775
22.844
22.646
22.947
23.404
23.571
23.650
23.137
23.114
23.105
22.994
23.112
23.118
23.011
22.494
21.620
23.880
25.020
24.909
22.962
22.242
22.324
22.342
22.066
22.069
c 23.035
22.852
22.611
22.099
21.300
21.233
21.233

Industrial Sector

Coke Plants
26.798
26.794
26.791
26.787
26.784
26.782
26.790
26.794
26.797
26.798
26.799
26.798
26.798
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.799
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.425
27.426
26.279
26.271
26.329
26.281
26.334
26.295
26.299
R 28.636
28.705
28.705

Otherd

Electric
Power
Sectore,f

24.820
24.821
24.609
24.385
22.983
22.436
22.690
22.585
22.712
22.691
22.543
22.020
22.198
22.381
22.360
22.347
22.457
22.460
22.250
22.123
22.068
21.950
22.105
22.172
23.164
22.489
22.433
22.622
22.562
22.468
22.473
22.178
22.050
22.371
22.304
21.823
21.846
21.568
21.449
21.623
21.623

23.937
24.056
23.927
23.780
22.573
21.642
21.295
21.085
21.194
21.133
21.101
20.959
21.084
21.136
20.900
e 20.898
20.779
20.730
20.709
20.677
20.589
20.543
20.547
20.518
20.516
20.490
20.511
20.337
20.238
20.082
19.980
19.988
19.931
19.909
19.713
19.521
19.623
19.341
19.211
19.210
19.210

Total
24.989
24.982
24.713
24.537
23.440
22.506
21.947
21.713
21.674
21.576
21.573
21.366
21.462
21.517
21.328
21.307
21.197
21.120
21.068
21.010
20.929
20.880
20.870
20.830
20.881
20.818
20.828
20.671
20.541
20.387
20.290
20.246
20.181
20.168
19.979
19.741
19.870
19.600
R 19.544
19.548
19.548

Imports

Exports

Imports
and
Exports

25.020
25.000
25.003
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
23.128
23.367
23.367

26.788
26.907
26.939
26.973
26.982
26.562
26.384
26.160
26.223
26.291
26.402
26.307
26.292
26.291
26.299
26.160
26.202
26.188
26.161
26.335
26.329
26.180
26.174
26.251
26.800
26.081
26.117
25.998
26.062
25.972
26.108
25.494
25.453
25.466
25.399
25.633
25.713
25.645
24.551
24.604
24.604

24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800

a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine, and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible
materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and
industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."
c Through 2007, used as the thermal conversion factor for coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning in 2008, used as the thermal
conversion factor for coal consumption by the commercial sector only.
d Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
e Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
f Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

175

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Ratesa for Electricity Net Generation
Fossil Fuelsb
Coalc
1950 ..............................
1955 ..............................
1960 ..............................
1965 ..............................
1970 ..............................
1975 ..............................
1980 ..............................
1981 ..............................
1982 ..............................
1983 ..............................
1984 ..............................
1985 ..............................
1986 ..............................
1987 ..............................
1988 ..............................
1989 ..............................
1990 ..............................
1991 ..............................
1992 ..............................
1993 ..............................
1994 ..............................
1995 ..............................
1996 ..............................
1997 ..............................
1998 ..............................
1999 ..............................
2000 ..............................
2001 ..............................
2002 ..............................
2003 ..............................
2004 ..............................
2005 ..............................
2006 ..............................
2007 ..............................
2008 ..............................
2009 ..............................
2010 ..............................
2011 ..............................
2012 ..............................
2013 ..............................
2014 ..............................

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,378
10,314
10,297
10,331
10,373
10,351
10,375
10,378
10,414
10,415
10,444
10,498
E 10,498
E 10,498

Petroleumd
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,742
10,641
10,610
10,571
10,631
10,809
10,794
11,015
10,923
10,984
10,829
10,991
E 10,991
E 10,991

Natural
Gase

Total
Fossil Fuelsf,g

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,051
9,533
9,207
8,647
8,551
8,471
8,403
8,305
8,159
8,185
8,152
8,039
E 8,039
E 8,039

14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
b 10,333
10,173
10,125
10,016
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
9,716
9,516
E 9,516
E 9,516

Nuclearh

11,629
11,804
10,977
11,013
10,908
11,030
11,073
10,905
10,843
10,622
10,579
10,442
10,602
10,583
10,582
10,484
10,471
10,504
10,452
10,507
10,503
10,494
10,491
10,450
10,429
10,443
10,442
10,422
10,428
10,436
10,435
10,489
10,452
10,459
10,452
10,464
10,479
E 10,479
E 10,479

Noncombustible
Renewable
Energyg,i

Heat Contentj of
Electricityk

14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
10,333
10,173
10,125
10,016
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
9,716
9,516
E 9,516
E 9,516

3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412

a The values in columns 16 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
b Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in 2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and

electricity-only independent power producers.

c Includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and, beginning in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
d Includes distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil.
e Includes natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Includes coal, petroleum, natural gas, and, beginning in 2001, other gases (blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels).
g The fossil-fuels heat rate is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity net generation from noncombustible renewable energy (hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind) to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal conversion factor for wood
and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
h Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.
i Technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used in Btu calculations in this report. For technology-based geothermal heat rates for 19602010, see the
Annual Energy Review 2010, Table A6.
j See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
k The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.

176

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Thermal Conversion Factor

Source Documentation

Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308

million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 70
percent ethane and 30 percent propane. See Ethane and
Propane.

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 3.974 million Btu per barrel as
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.

Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636
million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated
by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 5.048 million Btu per barrel as adopted by the
Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission
Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326 million Btu per barrel as published in
the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First
Issue, April 1942.
Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines calculation of 4.130 million Btu per barrel based on
an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40 percent
propane. See Butane and Propane.
Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
crude oil produced in the United States. See Crude Oil
Production.
Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the
average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of
crude oil imported weighted by the quantities imported.
Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated
on a foreign country basis, by determining the average
American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil
imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in
1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btu
content by using National Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Products, 1933.
Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as reported in a
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.825 million Btu per barrel as
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082 million Btu per barrel as published in
the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First
Issue, April 1942.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of

Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Commercial as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.355 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Military as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel as
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. 19491966:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Surveys, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products, 1956, Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011
million Btu per barrel. 1967 forward: Calculated annually
by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for
all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)
weighted by the quantities consumed. The component
products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including
ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal butane
(including butylene), butane-propane mixtures, ethanepropane mixtures, and isobutane. For 19671980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, Table 1. For 1981 forward,
quantities consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply
Annual, Table 2.
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by
the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Consumption (New). 19491992: EIA
adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel as
published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation
in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American
Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and
projected statistics. 19932006: Calculated by EIA as the

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

177

annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors

for gasoline blendstock and the oxygenates blended into
motor gasoline. The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.253
million Btu per barrel (the motor gasoline factor used for
previous years). The factors for fuel ethanol are shown in
Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol, Denatured). The following
factors for other oxygenates are from U.S. Department of
Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, The Greenhouse
Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model (GREET), version GREET1_2013, October
2013methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE): 101,130 Btu per
gallon; tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME): 108,570 Btu
per gallon; ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE): 104,530 Btu
per gallon; methanol: 65,200 Btu per gallon; and butanol:
108,458 Btu per gallon. 2007 forward: Calculated by
EIA as the annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors for gasoline blendstock and fuel ethanol
blended into motor gasoline. The factor for gasoline blendstock is 124,340 Btu per gallon, which is from the GREET
model (see above). The factors for fuel ethanol are shown
in Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol, Denatured).
Motor Gasoline Consumption (Old). 19491993: EIA
adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel as
published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation
in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American
Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical
and projected statistics. 1994 forward: EIA calculated
national annual quantity-weighted average conversion
factors for conventional, reformulated, and oxygenated
motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor for conventional
motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for
previous years. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150 million Btu per barrel,
are based on data published in Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and
Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003,
Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated
Gasoline. See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted
by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 4.620 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the
Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor
to be 4.620 million Btu or equal to that for natural gasoline.
See Natural Gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401 F.
Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million Btu per barrel or equal
to the thermal conversion factor for special naphthas. See
Special Naphthas.
178

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or

greater than 401 F. Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to
be 6.000 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal
conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.
Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.024 million Btu per barrel as reported in Btu per
short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950. The Bureau of
Mines calculated this factor by dividing 30.120 million Btu
per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines
internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in
the Bureau of Mines Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA
forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the commercial sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
electric power sector weighted by the quantities consumed
by the electric power sector. Data are from Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the industrial sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated

annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the residential sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by

EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all
petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities
consumed.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the transportation sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA

as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities
exported.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA
as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities
imported.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per
barrel by EIA from data provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 3.836 million Btu per barrel as
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which
was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (see Asphalt)
and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel,
which was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline
(aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated
thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel,
first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil
and each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type

of crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by

the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion
factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to that for
distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
3, 1977.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to
that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
2, 1981.
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau
of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for
biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu
per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the
production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel
biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to
the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds
of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to
produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that
soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured).
EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel
published in Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels, a
paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference on Reformulated
Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington,
D.C., October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 19812008: EIA used the
2009 factor. 2009 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu
per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620
million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline
and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of
ethanol consumed is from EIAs Petroleum Supply
Annual (PSA) and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),
Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net
production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus
used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for
renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

179

pentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data
for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components, multiplied by -1.
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the
production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per
barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to
estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Department of Agriculture observed
ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of
corn) were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and
2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated the ethanol yields in other
years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat
content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel.

Approximate Heat Content of Natural

Gas
Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector.
Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by the
quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas
consumed by the end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural
and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 19491962: EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per
cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first
published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
19631979: EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor
calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA)
and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication.
1980 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
total heat content of natural gas consumed by the total
quantity consumed.
Natural Gas Exports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to
be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total). 1973
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of natural gas exported by the quantity exported.
For 19731995, data are from Form FPC-14, Annual
Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Imports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to
be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural
gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total).
180

1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing

the heat content of natural gas imported by the quantity
imported. For 19731995, data are from Form FPC-14,
Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural
Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and
Exports.
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be
equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually
by EIA by dividing the heat content of dry natural gas
produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and natural
gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production) by the total quantity of marketed
natural gas produced.

Approximate Heat Content of Coal and

Coal Coke
Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau
of Mines estimate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal
consumed by the electric power sector by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants.
19492011: Calculated annually by EIA based on the
reported volatility (low, medium, or high) of coal received
by coke plants. (For 2011, EIA used the following volatility
factors, in million Btu per short ton: low volatile26.680;
medium volatile27.506; and high volatile25.652.)
Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and Quality ReportCoke Plants, and predecessor forms.
2012 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing
the heat content of coal received by coke plants by the
quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly
Coal Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other.
19492007: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
heat content of coal received by manufacturing plants by
the quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report
Manufacturing Plants, and predecessor forms. 2008
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of coal received by manufacturing, gasification, and
liquefaction plants by the quantity received. Data are from
Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.
Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial
Sectors. 19491999: Calculated annually by EIA by

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

dividing the heat content of coal received by the residential

and commercial sectors by the quantity received. Data are
from Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, and predecessor forms. 20002007: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. 2008
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of coal received by commercial and institutional
users by the quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.

Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and

Quality ReportCoke Plants; Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report; and predecessor forms.
2012
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of domestic coal (excluding waste coal) received
and exported by the quantity received and exported. Data
are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial
and Institutional Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report
EM 545; and predecessor forms.

Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the total heat content of coal consumed by all
sectors by the total quantity consumed.

Waste Coal Supplied. 19892000: Calculated annually

by EIA by dividing the heat content of waste coal consumed
by the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-860B,
Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility, and predecessor form. 2001 forward: Calculated by EIA by dividing the heat content of waste coal received (or consumed) by
the quantity received (or consumed). Receipts data are from
Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal
Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users, and predecessor form. Consumption data are from Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.

Coal Exports. 19492011: Calculated annually by EIA

by dividing the heat content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Monthly Report EM 545, and predecessor forms. 2012
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by
the quantity exported. The average heat content of steam
coal is derived from receipts data from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users, and
Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report. The
average heat content of metallurgical coal is derived from
receipts data from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants. Data for export
quantities are from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census, Monthly Report EM 545.
Coal Imports. 19491963: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal imported by the
quantity imported. Data are from U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report IM
145, and predecessor forms. 19642011: Assumed by
EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton. 2012
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of coal imported (received) by the quantity
imported (received).
Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users; Form
EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report
Coke Plants; and Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Coal Production. 19492011: Calculated annually by
EIA by dividing the heat content of domestic coal (excluding waste coal) received by the quantity received. Data are
from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/
Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional

Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Coal. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric utilities and electricityonly independent power producers using anthracite,
bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and beginning
in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
Electricity Net Generation, Natural Gas.
2001
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel
consumption and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric
utilities and electricity-only independent power producers
using natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
Electricity Net Generation, Noncombustible Renewable
Energy. There is no generally accepted practice for
measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants
that generate electricity from hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. Therefore,
EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual
average heat rate factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the
United States (see Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil
Fuels). By using that factor it is possible to evaluate fossil
fuel requirements for replacing those sources during
periods of interruption, such as droughts.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

181

Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. 19571984:

Calculated annually by dividing the total heat content
consumed in nuclear generating units by the total (net)
electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat
content and electricity generation were reported on Form
FERC-1, Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others; Form EIA-412, Annual Report of Public
Electric Utilities; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the
factors were published in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and
Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric Plants
1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors were
published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production
Expenses 1991, Table 13. 1985 forward: Calculated
annually by EIA by using the heat rate data reported on
Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report, and
predecessor forms.
Electricity Net Generation, Petroleum. 2001 forward:
Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and
net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The
computation includes data for all electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers using distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum
coke, and waste oil.

182

Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels.

19491955: The weighted annual average heat rate for
fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the United States,
as published by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses1981 and
Steam-Electric Plant Construction Cost and Annual
Production Expenses1978. 19561988: The weighted
annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric
power plants in the United States, as published in EIA,
Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
1991, Table 9. 19892000: Calculated annually by
EIA by using heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report, and predecessor
forms; and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report. The computation includes data for all electric utility steam-electric
plants using fossil fuels. 2001 forward: Calculated
annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric utilities and electricityonly independent power producers using coal, petroleum,
natural gas, and other gases (blast furnace gas, propane
gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived
from fossil fuels).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Appendix B
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical
Conversion Factors
Data presented in the Monthly Energy Review and in other
U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are
expressed predominately in units that historically have been used
in the United States, such as British thermal units, barrels, cubic
feet, and short tons. The metric conversion factors presented in
Table B1 can be used to calculate the metric-unit equivalents of
values expressed in U.S. Customary units. For example, 500
short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons
x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).
In the metric system of weights and measures, the names
of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived

by combining the name of the unit with prefixes, such as

deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100,
1,000, and deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively,
one-tenth, one-hundredth, and one-thousandth. Common
metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.
The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to
calculate equivalents in various physical units commonly
used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels are the
equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42
gallons/barrel = 420 gallons).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

183

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit

U.S. Unit

Equivalent in Metric Units

Mass

1 short ton (2,000 lb)

1 long ton
1 pound (lb)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

=
=
=
=
=

0.907 184 7
1.016 047
0.453 592 37a
0.384 647b
28.349 52

metric tons (t)

metric tons (t)
kilograms (kg)
kilograms uranium (kgU)
grams (g)

Volume

1 barrel of oil (bbl)

1 cubic yard (yd3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)
1 cubic inch (in3)

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.158 987 3
0.764 555
0.028 316 85
3.785 412
29.573 53
16.387 06

cubic meters (m3)

cubic meters (m3)
cubic meters (m3)
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)
milliliters (mL)

Length

1 mile (mi)
1 yard (yd)
1 foot (ft)
1 inch (in)

=
=
=
=

1.609 344a
0.914 4a
0.304 8a
2.54a

kilometers (km)
meters (m)
meters (m)
centimeters (cm)

Area

1 acre
1 square mile (mi2)
1 square yard (yd2)
1 square foot (ft2)
1 square inch (in2)

=
=
=
=
=

0.404 69
2.589 988
0.836 127 4
0.092 903 04a
6.451 6a

hectares (ha)
square kilometers (km2)
square meters (m2)
square meters (m2)
square centimeters (cm2)

Energy

1 British thermal unit (Btu)c

1 calorie (cal)
1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=
=
=

1,055.055 852 62a

4.186 8a
3.6a

Temperatured

32 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

=
=

0a
100a

joules (J)
joules (J)
megajoules (MJ)
degrees Celsius (C)
degrees Celsius (C)

Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
c
The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
d
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI
units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std
268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.
a
b

184

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple

Prefix

Symbol

deka

102

hecto

10-2

kilo

Unit Subdivision
-1

-3

Prefix

Symbol

deci

centi

milli

micro

n
p

106

mega

10-6

109

giga
tera

G
T

10-9
10

nano
pico

1015

peta

10-15

femto

exa

atto

1021

zetta

10-21

zepto

yotta

yocto

-12

-18

-24

Web Page: http ://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source

Original Unit

Equiv alent in Final Units

Petroleum

1 barrel (bbl)

42a

Coal

1 short ton
1 long ton
1 metric ton (t)

=
=
=

2,000a
2,240a
1,000a

pounds (lb)
pounds (lb)
kilograms (kg)

Wood

1 cord (cd)
1 cord (cd)

=
=

1.25b
128a

shorts tons
cubic feet (ft3)

U.S. gallons (gal)

Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17
a
b

and C-21.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

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Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical
compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The series of molecules vary in chain length and are
composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group;
CH(3)-(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary
butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.
Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation
applications, include the following: methanol; denatured
ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85
percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol,
and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels;
natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol)
derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy
diesel fuel); electricity (including electricity from solar
energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines,
by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield
substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not
include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily
petroleum-based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders,
i.e., MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-percent ethanol
portion of gasohol.
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to
operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural
gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle could be
either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively
on alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to
operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for
residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal,
containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low
percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of
fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent.
The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the
United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture
and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite
refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electric
power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of
15 million Btu per ton or less.
Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused
by human activity. The term is used in the context of global
climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the
result of human activities, as well as other potentially
climate-altering activities, such as deforestation.

Asphalt: A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material

containing bitumens as the predominant constituents
obtained by petroleum processing. The definition includes
crude asphalt as well as the following finished products:
cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with
asphalt to make cutback asphalts.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that
will be used for blending or compounding into finished
aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate,
reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes
oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.
Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in
aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are
provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military
Specification MIL-G-5572.
Note: Data on blending
components are not counted in data on finished aviation
gasoline.
Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S.
Gallons.
Base Gas: The quantity of natural gas needed to maintain
adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. Base gas usually is not withdrawn and remains in the reservoir. All natural gas native to
a depleted reservoir is included in the base gas volume.
Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or
other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease. It
can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel
or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl
esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or
animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of
ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced
from biomass (plant) feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.
Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the term biogenic to refer only to
organic nonfossil material of biological origin.
Biomass: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin
constituting a renewable energy source. See Biodiesel,

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

187

Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood and

Wood-Derived Fuels.
Biomass Waste: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.
Biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural
crop byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids,
and gases; but excludes wood and wood-derived fuels
(including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel,
and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA biomass waste data also
include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.
Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of
bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also
used for heat and power applications in manufacturing
and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant
coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content
usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per short
ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat
content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States
averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral
matter).
Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of
energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After
evaporation, the residual "black" liquor is burned as a fuel
in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain
basic chemicals.
British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid
water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees
Fahrenheit). See Heat Content.
Btu: See British Thermal Unit.
Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting energy
data between one unit of measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally
used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) into the
energy-equivalent
measure
of
Btu.
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on Btu conversion factors.)
Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branchedchain hydrocarbon (C4H10). It is extracted from natural
gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane and
normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification
D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for
commercial butane.
188

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon.

It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of
10.9 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams.
Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery
gas streams.
Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from
refinery processes.
Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electrical energy
produced by a generating unit for a given period of time
to the electrical energy that could have been produced at
continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as
well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas
as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into
the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential
for global warming. The global warming potential
(GWP) of other greenhouse gases is measured in relation
to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific
convention is assigned a value of one (1).
Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices.
Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove the
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year.
Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant
dollars, a measure based on the weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the
U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chaineddollar measure. The new measure is based on the average
weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years.
It is chained because the second year in each pair, with
its weights, becomes the first year of the next pair. The
advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is
more closely related to any given period and is therefore
subject to less distortion over time.
CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.
Citygate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline
company or transmission system.
Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of
climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change
from one prevailing climatic condition to another. In
some cases, "climate change" has been used synonymously with the term "global warming"; scientists,
however, tend to use the term in a wider sense inclusive of
natural changes in climate, including climatic cooling.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock

whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists
of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70
percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed
from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened,
chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Anthracite, Bituminous
Coal, Lignite, Subbituminous Coal, Waste Coal, and
Coal Synfuel.
Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.
Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for
future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are collected
for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal
stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of the period.
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coal-based fuels such as
briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed from
fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.
Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into coal synfuel.
Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from
low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at
temperatures as high as 2,000 F so that the fixed carbon
and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel
and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast
furnace. Coke (coal) has a heating value of 24.8 million
Btu per ton.
Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and
low in hydrogen that is the final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The
conversion is 5 barrels (42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton.
Coke (petroleum) has a heating value of 6.024 million Btu
per barrel.
Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke.
See Coke, Coal.
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant
designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single
heat source. Note: This term is being used in place of the
term "cogenerator" that was used by EIA in the past. CHP
better describes the facilities because some of the plants
included do not produce heat and power in a sequential
fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of
cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory
Policies Act (PURPA).
Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of:
businesses; federal, state, and local governments; and
other private and public organizations, such as religious,

social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes

institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with
this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide
variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes
generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the activities of the abovementioned commercial establishments.
Various EIA
programs differ in sectoral coverage-for more information
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm.
see
See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Completion: The installation of permanent equipment for
the production of oil or gas. If a well is equipped to
produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the
definition of a well (classified as an oil well or gas well)
and the definition of a completion are identical. However,
if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately
from more than one reservoir, a well is not synonymous
with a completion.
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Hydroelectric power
generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.
Conventional Motor Gasoline:
Conventional.

See Motor Gasoline

Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data

between one unit of measurement and another (such as
between short tons and British thermal units, or
between
barrels
and
gallons).
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on conversion factors.) See
Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.
Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A sales transaction in
which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance of
the goods to the port of destination specified by the buyer.
Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in
liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and
remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing
through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the
characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include: 1)
small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous
phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at
atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well
(casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequently
commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered as a liquid
from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included;
2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the
oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases,
and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil
sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

189

Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are

excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of
petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline,
diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane,
and butane; and many other products used for their energy
or chemical content.
Crude Oil F.O.B. Price: The crude oil price actually
charged at the oil-producing countrys port of loading.
Includes deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable. It is the actual price
paid with no adjustment for credit terms.
Crude Oil (Including Lease Condensate): A mixture of
hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure
after passing through surface separating facilities.
Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons
produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip
gases are also included, but topped crude oil (residual
oil) and other unfinished oils are excluded. Where identifiable, liquids produced at natural gas processing plants
and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded.
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port
of discharge, including charges associated with the
purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the
purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not
include charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import
tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage).
Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into
processing units at refineries.
Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals,
and on leases.
Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by
crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases.
Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of
crude oil from one or more oil zones or reservoirs. Wells
producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as
oil wells.
Cubic Foot (Natural Gas): A unit of volume equal to 1
cubic foot at a pressure base of 14.73 pounds standard per
square inch absolute and a temperature base of 60 F.
Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of
monthly or annual degree-days over a long period of time
(usually the 30-year period 1961-1990). The averages
may be simple degree-day normals or populationweighted degree-day normals.
Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm
a location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
190

Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by

subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the
average of the days high and low temperatures, with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days cooling
degree-days are summed to create a cooling degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Cooling
degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of
air conditioning energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a
location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by
subtracting the average of the days high and low
temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days heating
degree-days are summed to create a heating degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Heating degreedays are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space
heating energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling
degree-days weighted by the population of the area in
which the degree-days are recorded. To compute state
population-weighted degree-days, each state is divided
into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions,
which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the
population of the division to the total population of the
state. Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each
division and those products are then summed to arrive at
the state population-weighted degree-day figure. To
compute national population-weighted degree-days, the
nation is divided into nine Census regions, each
comprising from three to eight states, which are assigned
weights based on the ratio of the population of the
region to the total population of the nation. Degree-day
readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those
products are then summed to arrive at the national
population-weighted degree-day figure.
Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or
conventional motor gasoline, added to fuel ethanol to
make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production
facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent denaturant. See
Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Design Electrical Rating, Net: The nominal net electrical
output of a nuclear unit as specified by the electric utility
for the purpose of plant design.
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area
of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic
horizon known to be productive.
Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils
obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for
diesel fuels than for gasoline.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy

lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.

Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is

produced by either the same entity that consumes the power
or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of a service or
industrial process located within the same facility or group
of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use
is exclusive of station use.

Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence

and motion of elementary charged particles generated by
friction, induction, or chemical change.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the

petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation
operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils. Products
known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in
on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and
automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those
in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used
primarily for space heating and electricity generation.
Dry Hole: An exploratory or development well found to be
incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry)
Production.
E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and
15 percent motor gasoline.
Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers,
electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting
mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity,
or electricity and heat, to the public-i.e., North American
Industry Classification System 22 plants. See also
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant, ElectricityOnly Plant, Electric Utility, and Independent Power
Producer.
Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or
distributes electricity and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and operations,
either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by
a separate regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service
Commission), or is owned by a governmental unit or the
consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts,
public utility districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and state and federal agencies. Electric utilities
may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval
for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs
covering either cost-of-service and/or market-based rates
under the authority of the Federal Power Act. See Electric
Power Sector.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric

energy, or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (Mwh).
Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric
energy produced by generating units and measured at the
generating terminal in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).
Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less station use (the electric energy
consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or
auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for
station service and is deducted from gross generation.
Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See also Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP)
Plant.
Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold to
customers purchasing electricity for their own use and not
for resale.
End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial,
and transportation sectors of the economy.
Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the
capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion
of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has
several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be
changed to another form useful for work. Most of the
worlds convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that
are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer
medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in
British thermal units.
Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of
heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process.
Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides
service to a retail or end-use customer.
Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming
components of U.S. society developed to measure and
analyze energy use. The sectors most commonly referred to
in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

191

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon

(C2H6). It is a colorless, paraffinic gas that boils at a
temperature of -127.48 F. It is extracted from natural gas
and refinery gas streams.
Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol.
Ethanol is typically produced biologically from biomass
feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues
from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be
produced chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel
Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.

Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1)
the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells
drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed
footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and
(3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack
wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells
does not include footage in the common bore, which is
reported as footage for the original well. In the case of
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that
which was drilled below the total depth of the old well.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C2H4) recovered

from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or

gas in an area previously considered an unproductive area, to
find a new reservoir in a known field (i.e., one previously
found to be producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or to
extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.

Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earths crust

from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal,
and natural gas.

Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 states

and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.
Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor
of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The
Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity
sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,
natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline
certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency
within the U.S. Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electricity

generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine
rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat
from burning fossil fuels.
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol
in the United States must be anhydrous (less than 1
percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made unfit for
human consumption), usually prior to transport from the
ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume
percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally
for blending in low concentrations with motor gasoline
as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially
designed for its use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle,
Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.

Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The
Federal Power Commission was created by an Act of
Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10,
1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It was abolished on
September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy
was created. Its functions were divided between the U.S.
Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, an independent regulatory agency.

Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity

of anhydrous, biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for
fuel use. The quantity is obtained by subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume.
Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable
energy, while denaturant is counted as nonrenewable
fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.

First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first
time it is removed from the lease boundary.

Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating

unit at 100 percent of its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.

Flared Natural Gas: Natural gas burned in flares on the

base site or at gas processing plants.

Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing

alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a
concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent by
volume. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

F.O.B. (Free on Board): A sales transaction in which the

seller makes the product available for pick up at a specified
port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer pays for
the subsequent transportation and insurance.

192

Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural

gas from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as oil
wells.)
Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from
geothermal reservoirs in the earths crust and used for
geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity
generation.
Global Warming:
An increase in the near-surface
temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in
the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the
term is today most often used to refer to the warming some
scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See Climate
Change.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to
compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases
without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric
concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one
kilogram of carbon dioxide over a fixed period of time,
such as 100 years.
Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but
opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing
long-wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.
The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a
tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods
and services produced by labor and property located in the
United States. As long as the labor and property are
located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.
GT/IC: Gas turbine and internal combustion plants.
Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be
released by the transformation or use of a specified physical
unit of an energy form (e.g., a ton of coal, a barrel of oil,
a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas,
or a pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is
commonly expressed in British thermal units (Btu).
Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be
expressed in terms of either gross heat content (higher or
upper heating value) or net heat content (lower heating
value), depending upon whether or not the available heat
energy includes or excludes the energy used to vaporize
water (contained in the original energy form or created
during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration typically uses gross heat content
values.

Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as Btu per kilowatthour. Note:
Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat rates,
depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates are typically expressed as net heat rates.
Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The
molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from
the simplest (methane, the primary constituent of natural
gas) to the very heavy and very complex.
Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from
the kinetic energy of falling water.
Hydroelectric Power Plant: A plant in which the turbine
generators are driven by falling water.
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectricity that is
generated during peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during
off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is
available to do so. When additional generating capacity
is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir
through a conduit to turbine generators located in a power
plant at a lower level.
Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs
chiefly in combination with oxygen in water. It also exists in
acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 states and the
District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories or
from foreign countries.
Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person,
agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that
owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for
use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility.
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of all facilities and equipment used for
producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity:
manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry,
fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil
and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction
(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely
for process heat and cooling and powering machinery,
with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw
material inputs to manufactured products. Note: This
sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or
useful thermal output primarily to support the abovementioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs
differ in sectoral coverage-for more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm.
See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

193

Injections (Natural Gas): Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs.

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branch-chain hydrocarbon.
It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of
10.9 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams. See Butane.
Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from
refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon
obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet
aircraft engines. It includes kerosene-type jet fuel and
naphtha-type jet fuel.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product
with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 F at the
10-percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling
point of 572 F. Fuel specifications are provided in
ASTM Specification D 1655 and Military Specifications
MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and
JP-8). It isused primarily for commercial turbojet and
turboprop aircraft engines.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha
boiling range, with an average gravity of 52.8 degrees
API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperatures of 290 to
470 F and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L
(Grade JP-4). It is used by the military for turbojet and
turboprop engines.
Kerosene: A petroleum distillate having a maximum
distillation temperature of 401 F at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 F, and a minimum
flash point of 100 F. Included are the two grades designated
in ASTM D3699 (No. 1-K and No. 2-K) and all grades of
kerosene called range or stove oil. Kerosene is used in space
heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters; it is suitable for use
as an illuminant when burned in wick lamps.
Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.
Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as
a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000
watts) of power expended for 1 hour. One kilowatthour is
equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.
Landed Costs: The dollar-per-barrel price of crude oil at
the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated
with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from
the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not included are
charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or
fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage charges).

194

Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and
lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations,
heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as
fuel in natural gas processing plants.
Lease Condensate: Light liquid hydrocarbons recovered
from lease separators or field facilities at associated and
non-associated natural gas wells. Mostly pentanes and
heavier hydrocarbons. Normally enters the crude oil stream
after production.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as
brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a
high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45
percent. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United
States averages 13 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture
and mineral matter).
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily
methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 F at atmospheric pressure.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal butane, and
isobutane, derived from crude oil refining or natural gas
processing. These gases may be marketed individually or
mixed. They can be liquefied through pressurization
(without requiring cryogenic refrigeration) for convenience of transportation or storage. Excludes ethane and
olefins. Note: In some EIA publications, LPG includes
ethane and marketed refinery olefin streams, in accordance
with definitions used prior to January 2014.
Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear
generating units initial fuel loading date and the issuance
of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum level of
operation during that period is 5 percent of the units
design thermal rating.
Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between
bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the
manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to impart or
improve certain required properties. Excluded are byproducts
of lubricating oil refining, such as aromatic extracts derived
from solvent extraction or tars derived from deasphalting.
Included are all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to
cylinder oil and those used in greases. Lubricant categories
are paraffinic and naphthenic.
Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas
Marketed Production.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless, hydrocarbon

gas (CH4) that is the principal constituent of natural gas. It
is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial
processes.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE):
An ether,
(CH3)3COCH3, intended for motor gasoline blending. See
Oxygenates.
Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for
motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere-for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and
tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels,
synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor
gasoline blending components and oxygenates as
required, to produce finished motor gasoline. Finished
motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor
gasoline blending components or oxygenates, resulting in
increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or
changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g.,
conventional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce
oxygenated motor gasoline).
Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphtha (e.g.,
straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene,
xylene) used for blending or compounding into finished
motor gasoline. These components include reformulated
gasoline blendstock (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: oxygenates
are reported as individual components and are included in
the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.
Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline
not included in the oxygenated or reformulated motor
gasoline categories. Note: This category excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as
well as other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can
be leaded or unleaded; regular, midgrade, or premium. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively
volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of
additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in sparkignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification
D-4814 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of 122F to 158F at the
10-percent recovery point to 365F to 374F at the
90-percent recovery point. Motor gasoline includes
conventional gasoline, all types of oxygenated gasoline
including gasohol, and reformulated gasoline, but excludes
aviation gasoline. Note: Volumetric data on blending
components, as well as oxygenates, are not counted in data
on finished motor gasoline until the blending components
are blended into the gasoline.

Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by

octane ratings. Each type of gasoline (conventional,
oxygenated, and reformulated) is classified by three
grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note: Gasoline
sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale. In general, automotive octane
requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in
some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be
2 or more octane points lower.
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e.,
octane rating, greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.
Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or
equal to 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by
altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline,
other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen
content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight and required
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be
sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO)
nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes
oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG)
and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent
oxygen, by weight, and is intended for sale inside CO
nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated
gasoline. Other data on gasohol are included in data on
conventional gasoline.
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline
formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and
properties of which meet the requirements of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the
Clean Air Act. Note: This category includes oxygenated
fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludes
reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending
(RBOB).
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices: Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in
conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price
Index (CPI). Those prices are collected in 85 urban areas
selected to represent all urban consumers-about 80 percent
of the total U.S. population. The service stations are
selected initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way
that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

195

providing all types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and selfservice.

Motor Gasoline (Total): For stock level data, a sum
including finished motor gasoline stocks plus stocks of
motor gasoline blending components but excluding stocks
of oxygenates.
MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.
NAICS (North American Industry Classification
System): A coding system developed jointly by the
United States, Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses
and industries according to the type of economic activity
in which they are engaged. NAICS replaces the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. For additional
information on NAICS, go to
http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.
Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction
with an approximate boiling range between 122 and 400 F.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons

in natural gas that are separated as liquids at natural
gas processing, fractionating, and cycling plants. Products obtained include ethane, liquefied petroleum
gases (propane, normal butane, and isobutane), and
natural gasoline. Component products may be fractionated or mixed. Lease condensate and plant condensate
are excluded. Note: Some EIA publications categorize
NGPL production as field production, in accordance
with definitions used prior to January 2014.
Natural Gas Wellhead Price: The wellhead price of
natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported
value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as
reported by the appropriate agencies of individual
producing states and the U.S. Minerals Management
Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment
from the lease, including gathering and compression
costs, in addition to state production, severance, and
similar charges.

Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon

compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, and as
raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.

Natural gasoline: A commodity product commonly traded

in natural gas liquids (NGL) markets that comprises
liquid hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and hexanes) and
generally remains liquid at ambient temperatures and
atmospheric pressure. Natural gasoline is equivalent to
pentanes plus.

Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1)

the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed
from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or plant
separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases
have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity
to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry natural gas is
also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The parameters
for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit
and 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute.

Net Summer Capacity:

The maximum output,
commonly expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts
(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system
load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of
summer peak demand (period of June 1 through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to
electricity use for station service or auxiliaries.

Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing

consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas withdrawn from
reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production
(lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the
production site include 1) the volume returned to reservoirs
in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation
operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared natural
gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases
(e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen
sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and 2)
gas converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and
natural gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn
from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part of
production. Dry natural gas production equals natural gas
marketed production less natural gas plant liquids
production.
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Gross withdrawals of
natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for
reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases removed
in treating and processing operations; and quantities of
vented natural gas and flared natural gas.
196

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally

between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia under a 1992
agreement. The Neutral Zone contains an estimated 5
billion barrels of oil and 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
Nominal Dollars:
price.

A measure used to express nominal

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service

at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those
that have not been adjusted to remove the effect of
changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
reflect buying power in the year in which the transaction
occurred.
Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin
that is a byproduct or a discarded product. Non-biomass
waste includes municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.
Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases
that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon
dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or

"renewed," such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity
generated by the use of the thermal energy released from the
fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multiunit
facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by
the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more
steam turbines.
Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission
chain reaction can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a
specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material),
moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away from
the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems.
OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development.
Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the
coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low
water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct
contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward
limit of inland water.
Oil: See Crude Oil.
OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries.
Operable Unit (Nuclear): In the United States, a nuclear
generating unit that has completed low-power testing and
been issued a full-power operating license by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, or equivalent permission to
operate.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping
governments tackle the economic, social and governance
challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership
comprises about 30 member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach.
For details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated
objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies
of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad
Conference on September 1014, 1960. Current members
(with years of membership) include Algeria (1969present),
Angola (2007present), Ecuador (19731992 and
2007present), Iran (1960present), Iraq (1960present),

Kuwait (1960present), Libya (1962present), Nigeria

(1971present), Qatar (1961present), Saudi Arabia
(1960present), United Arab Emirates (1967present), and
Venezuela (1960present). Countries no longer members of
OPEC include Gabon (19751994) and Indonesia
(19622008).
Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to gasoline,
increase the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend.
Ethanol, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl
Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common
oxygenates.
PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense
Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 states and the
District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum
Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were
originally instituted for economic and geographic reasons as
Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts, which
were established in 1942.
Pentanes Plus: A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, mostly
pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas in a gas
processing plant. Pentanes plus is equivalent to natural
gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived
from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals,
synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon
mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of
crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of
finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon
compounds, such as additives and detergents, after they have
been blended into the products.
Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.
Petroleum Consumption:
(Petroleum).

See

Products

Supplied

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 states

and the District of Columbia from foreign countries and
from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded
warehouses for onshore consumption, offshore bunker use,
and military use. Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones.
Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the processing
of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and
other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include
unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus,
aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,
kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil,

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197

residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil,
still gas, and miscellaneous products.
Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual products,
quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines, and at
bulk terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or
more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product
retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the
point of consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual
products held at gas processing plants are excluded from
individual product estimates but are included in other oils
estimates and total.
Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated
from sunlight through solid-state semiconductor devices
that have no moving parts.
Pipeline Fuel:
Gas consumed in the operation of
pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly
pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated
as liquid at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing
plants.
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first
accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any
transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of
energy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic
gas, which can be converted to electricity; in this example,
coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is secondary energy,
and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy
Production and Primary Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Consumption:
Consumption of
primary energy. (Energy sources that are produced from
other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from coalare
included in primary energy consumption only if their
energy content has not already been included as part of the
original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary energy
consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but
not the coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The
U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the
following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal
consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum
consumption (petroleum products supplied, including
natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel);
dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous
fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate);
conventional
hydroelectricity
net
generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted
to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and
geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
198

plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy;

wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption;
fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the
electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See
Total Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary
energy. The U.S. Energy Information Administration
includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal
refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to
Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and
geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal
direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); wood and wood-derived fuels consumption;
biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity
directly.
Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it
measures the disappearance of these products from
primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas-processing
plants, blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In
general, product supplied of each product in any given
period is computed as follows: field production, plus
refinery production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for
crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD
District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil
losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a
temperature of -43.67 F. It is extracted from natural gas
or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors
Association Specifications for commercial propane and
HD-5 propane.
Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered
from refinery or petrochemical processes.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

Real Dollars: These are dollars that have been adjusted for
inflation. See Real Price.

of energy include conventional hydrolectric power,

biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the

effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar. Real
prices, which are expressed in constant dollars, usually
reflect buying power relative to a base year.

Repressuring: The injection of a pressurized fluid (such as

air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to
effect greater ultimate recovery.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: The cost of crude

oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending components processed at refineries,
or blended at refineries or petroleum storage terminals to
produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross
inputs of crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other
hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen, oxygenates
(excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including
fuel ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished
oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation
gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated
as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net
inputs indicate gross inputs are less than gross production.
Examples of negative net inputs include reformulated
gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)
produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals,
and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory in
advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil
distillation unit.
Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery
gases, and finished petroleum products produced at a
refinery or petroleum storage terminal blending facility.
Net production equals gross production minus gross
inputs. Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a finished petroleum
product. Examples of negative net production include
reclassification of one finished product to another
finished product, or reclassification of a finished product
to unfinished oils or blending components.
Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures
finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils,
natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.
Refuse Mine: A surface site where coal is recovered from
previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank,
culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse
mine or the coal recaptured by that process. The resulting
product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials.
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are
essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil
fuels, of which there is a finite supply). Renewable sources

Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of living quarters for private households. Common
uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration,
cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. The
residential sector excludes institutional living quarters.
Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage for
more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. See
End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after the
distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled
away in refinery operations and that conform to ASTM
Specifications D396 and 975. Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy Special, for use in
steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore
power plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil
and is used for commercial and industrial heating, for electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of residual
fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as fuel.
Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual
asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment
on roads and highways. It is generally produced in six
grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a
rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.
Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): A set of codes
developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
which categorizes industries into groups with similar
economic activities. Replaced by NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).
Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.
Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that
can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or
electricity.
Special Naphthas: All finished products within the naphtha
boiling ranges that are used as paint thinner, cleaners or
solvents. Those products are refined to a specified flash
point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and
cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications
D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or
marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

199

to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas

(SNG) feedstocks, are excluded.

converting data between different thermal units of measure. See Btu Conversion Factor.

Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric

power plant. It includes energy consumed for plant lighting,
power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the
energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.

Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use sectors, plus electricity retail sales
and electrical system energy losses.

Steam Coal: All nonmetallurgical coal.

Steam-Electric Power Plant: A plant in which the prime
mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine
is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.
Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gas
produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming,
and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane,
and propylene. It is used primarily as refinery fuel and,
petrochemical feedstock.
Stocks: See Coal Stocks, Crude Oil Stocks, or Petroleum Stocks, Primary.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks
maintained by the federal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range
from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and
used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black,
hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture
by weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal
ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per short ton on a
moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of
subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and
mineral matter).
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Synthetic natural gas,
propane-air, coke oven gas, still gas (refinery gas),
biomass gas, air injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas commingled and distributed with natural gas.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as
substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting
from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that
may easily be substituted for or interchanged with
pipeline-quality natural gas.
Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data
between physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic
feet, or short tons) and thermal units of measure (such as
British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for
200

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to
another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses;
motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft;
and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles. Vehicles
whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse
tractors and forklifts) are classified in the sector of their
primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral
coverage-for more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm

See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Underground Storage: The storage of natural gas in
underground reservoirs at a different location from which it
was produced.
Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery processing except those requiring only mechanical blending.
Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas
oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.
Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural
gas liquid components, excluding those in plant
condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased
to exist as of December 31, 1991.
United States: The 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Note: The United States has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political entities
outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island, and
the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may
include data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals.
For these programs, data products will contain notes
explaining the extent of geographic coverage included
under the term "United States."
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heat-and-power system for use in any
industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling
application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy made available for processes and applications
other than electrical generation.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

U.S.S.R.:
See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.).
Vented Natural Gas: Natural gas released into the air on
the production site or at processing plants.
Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of
commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing
boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels
operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to
the U.S. Armed Forces.
Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing operations. Waste coal is usually
composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine waste). Most
waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed
combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially
cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible
constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal, coal
obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste.
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.
Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere
under a pressure of one volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.
Watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure
equal to one watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an
electric circuit steadily for one hour.

Waxes: Solid or semisolid material derived from petroleum distillates or residues. Waxes are light-colored, more
or less translucent crystalline masses, slightly greasy to
the touch, consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons
in which the paraffin series predominates. Included are
all marketable waxes, whether crude scale or fully
refined. Waxes are used primarily as industrial coating
for surface protection.
Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at
the mouth of the well.
Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that
can be converted to mechanical energy for driving pumps,
mills, and electric power generators.
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products
derived from wood that are used as fuel, including round
wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark,
sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad
ties, utility poles, black liquor, red liquor, sludge wood,
spent sulfite liquor, and other wood-based solids and
liquids.
Working Gas: The quantity of natural gas in the reservoir
that is in addition to the cushion or base gas. It may or may
not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working
capacity could be used more than once during any season.
Volumes of working gas are reported in thousand cubic feet
at standard temperature and pressure.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2014

201

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