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Istqb Key Terms - Chapter 3

The document defines key terms related to testing. It describes testing as the process of evaluating software products and work items to determine if they meet requirements and are fit for use, including finding defects. It distinguishes between static testing, which evaluates software without executing it, and dynamic testing, which involves executing the software. It also defines common review types like informal reviews, formal inspections led by a moderator, and peer reviews. Additional terms defined include entry and exit criteria for reviews, the role of the scribe in recording defects, and complexity metrics like cyclomatic complexity.

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56 views5 pages

Istqb Key Terms - Chapter 3

The document defines key terms related to testing. It describes testing as the process of evaluating software products and work items to determine if they meet requirements and are fit for use, including finding defects. It distinguishes between static testing, which evaluates software without executing it, and dynamic testing, which involves executing the software. It also defines common review types like informal reviews, formal inspections led by a moderator, and peer reviews. Additional terms defined include entry and exit criteria for reviews, the role of the scribe in recording defects, and complexity metrics like cyclomatic complexity.

Uploaded by

karishma10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Istqb Key Terms - Chapter 3

Testing

The process consisting of all life cycle


activities, both static and dynamic,
concerned with planning, preparation
and evaluation of software products and
related work products to determine that
they satisfy specified requirements, to
demonstrate that they are fit for purpose
and to detect defects.

Static testing

Testing of a component or system at


specification or implementation level
without execution of that software, e.g.
reviews or static code analysis.

Dynamic testing

Testing that involves the execution of the


software of a component or system.

Review

An evaluation of a product or project


status to ascertain discrepancies from
planned results and to recommend
improvements. Examples include
management review, informal review,
technical review, inspection, and
walkthrough.

Informal review

A review not based on a formal


(documented) procedure.

Formal review

A review characterized by documented


procedures and requirements, e.g.

inspection.
Moderator (inspection leader)

The leader and main person responsible


for an inspection or other review
process.

Entry criteria

The set of generic and specific


conditions for permitting a process to go
forward with a defined task, e.g. test
phase. The purpose of entry criteria is to
prevent a task from starting which would
entail more (wasted) effort compared to
the effort needed to remove the failed
entry criteria.

Reviewer (inspector)

The person involved in the review who


identifies and describes defects in the
product or project under review.
Reviewers can be chosen to represent
different viewpoints and roles in the
review process.

Exit criteria

The set of generic and specific


conditions, agreed upon with the
stakeholders, for permitting a process to
be officially completed. The purpose of
exit criteria is to prevent a task from
being considered completed when there
are still outstanding parts of the task
which have not been finished. Exit
criteria are used to report against and to
plan when to stop testing.

Scribe

The person who records each defect


mentioned and any suggestions for
process improvement during a review
meeting, on a logging form. The scribe
has to ensure that the logging form is

readable and understandable.

Peer review

A review of a software work product by


colleagues of the producer of the
product for the purpose of identifying
defects and improvements. Examples
are inspection, technical review and
walkthrough.

Walkthrough

A step-by-step presentation by the


author of a document in order to gather
information and to establish a common
understanding of its content.

Technical review

A peer group discussion activity that


focuses on achieving consensus on the
technical approach to be taken.

Inspection

A type of peer review that relies on


visual examination of documents to
detect defects, e.g. violations of
development standards and nonconformance to higher-level
documentation. The most formal review
technique and therefore always based
on a documented procedure.

Static analysis

Analysis of software artifacts, e.g.


requirements or code, carried out
without execution of those software
artifacts.

Compiler

A software tool that translates programs


expressed in a high-order language into
their machine-language equivalents.

Complexity

The degree to which a component or


system has a design and/or internal

structure that is difficult to understand,


maintain and verify.
The number of independent paths
through a program. Cyciomatic
complexity is defined as: L-N + 2P,
where
Cyclomatic complexity

L = the number of edges/links in a graph


N = the number of nodes in a graph
P = the number of disconnected parts of
the graph (e.g. a called graph and a
subroutine).

Control flow

A sequence of events (paths) in the


execution through a component or
system.

Data flow

An abstract representation of the


sequence and possible changes of state
of data objects, where the state of an
object is any of: creation, usage,
modification or destruction.

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