Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Term paper on
EXPORT MARKET POTENTIAL FOR CUT FLOWERS IN
BANGLADESH

Prepared by
Id
Course Name

:
Fatima Khan
:
80903021
:
EIB 511
Theory and Practice of International
Business
:
Professor (Dr) Khondoker Bazlul

Submitted to
Hoque
Date of Submission :

December 24, 2009

University of Dhaka
International Business Department
EMBA Program
Fall Semester 2009

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

December 24, 2009

Professor (Dr) Khondoker Bazlul Hoque
University of Dhaka
Department of International Business
Subject: Submission of Term Paper on Export Market Potentials of Cut Flower in
Bangladesh.

Dear Sir
I am pleased to present the final version of the research report titled Export Market
Potentials for CUT FLOWER in Bangladesh as a partial fulfillment of EMBA program in
Dhaka University.
The objective of this study was to find problems and solutions relating to export of one of
the export potential product Cut Flower.
This study was very valuable to me. I had the opportunity to gain more ideas and
insights about HRM issues and relate the practical organizational experience with
academic learning. It is a totally new product and there are many obstacles for exporting
the product..Despite all the limitation I have tried to find meaningful and logical
conclusion.
I hope the report on above said title will help to represent the issue and export condition
of our country related to the specified product.
Finally I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to work on this report and
for your valuable guidance & care and thoughtful advice in preparing this report. I will
further enthusiastically respond for any further clarification whenever you require..

Yours faithfully

Fatima Khan
ID # 3021

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Page
I.
II.

Executive Summary

Chapter -1 : Introduction

1.1 Statement of the Research Problem

1.2 Scope and Objective of the study
1.3 Methodology of the study
1.4 Limitation of the Study
III.

Chapter -2 : An overview of the issue

IV.

Chapter -3 : Findings and Analysis

12

V.

Recommendation and Conclusion

22

Bibliography

24

Annexure/Appendices

25

VI.
VII.

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

I.

Executive Summary

In 1972-1973, $348 million was earned by exporting only 29 items to 67

counties. But in 2004-2005 earnings amounted to $8.65 billion from exporting
about 160 products to 186 countries around the world.
In view of the narrow export base and limited number of market abroad,
Bangladesh has emphasized a policy of export development rather than
export promotion. The basic strategies of the countrys export development
initiatives include implementation of the export-led-growth strategy through
implementation of the measures provided in the export policy; removal of the
anti-export bias in the economy by harmonizing the tariff structure; further
rationalization of tariff structure; and promotion of export-oriented investment.
The Ministry of Commerce has also taken initiatives to seek duty free/quota free
market access of Bangladeshi products in the markets of developed and
developing countries. As a result Bangladesh has already received duty
free/quota free market access from a number of countries which includes
Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Canada, and EU, besides getting some tariff
concessions for exports to India, Pakistan, China, Thailand, Russia and Turkey.

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Realizing the need for market development activities, the government continues
to provide support and assistance in widening the marketing network, the
objective of which is to achieve greater penetration and consolidation in the
existing markets and diversification into new markets. Besides, to encourage
the exporters to establish market contacts in potential and unexploited markets,
participations in different international trade fairs have been organized which
have resulted in familiarization of our products. Marketing missions comprising
the delegation both from private and public sectors have been sent in order to
explore the potential of our products in the globe.
As a measure to broaden the export base the country has identified a number
of non-traditional items having high export potential for its further development.
Due to various support and activities undertaken by the Bangladesh
government export of some non-traditional items like cut flower and foliage
have been possible.

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

II.

Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Statement of the Research Problem:

To do a research analysis on export market potentials for Bangladeshi products
like Cut Flower and find suggestion to take further decision.

1.2 Scope and Objective of the study:

To analyze existing market of Cut Flower in global trade.

To analyze growth of Cut Flower export from a leading exporting country in

AsiaChina.

To analyze and compare opportunities between China and Bangladesh.

To analyze production of Cut flower in Bangladesh.

To analyze domestic demand of Cut Flower.

6

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

To analyze export performance of cut flower.

To find out government policy relating to Cut Flower export.

To find suggestions to facilitate export of Cut Flower from Bangladesh.

1.3 Methodology of the study:

This paper is mostly based on recently completed studies. Along with the studies,
publications and reports on online newspaper constituted secondary information.
The paper is divided into four chapters including the introduction and the
conclusion. Chapter two gives a brief description of the Cut Flower industry in
Bangladesh. Chapter three provides comparative analysis.The last section draws
conclusion in each of the areas and offers strategies of development for further
efficient management.

1.4 Limitation of the Study:

The study has some limitation.

Time was very short to do the research.

Data are collected from internet.

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Sufficient data were not available on internet.

Direct communication with the producer, seller or with any trading house
was not possible.

III.

Chapter-2:

An overview of the issue

Forty years ago, demand for cut flower by consumers around the world
was satisfied by local cut flower production. In Europe, per capita
consumption was significant, and consumer culture required a large
supply of cut flowers for gifts, occasions, and everyday use. As a result,
cut flower production in Europe was sizable. Gradually as transportation
systems developed throughout this region, it became possible to distribute
cut flowers grown in southern areas of Europe to northern areas of
Europe. Consequently, the European flower industry began to extend its
boundaries for cut flower production and along with this expansion grew
the influence of the European flower industry. This background history

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

could be considered the beginning of commercial floriculture as we know it

today.

Through the 1970s, the activities of the European flower industry had
begun to influence cut flower production and sales beyond the borders of
Europe. Cut flower sales through the Dutch flower auctions had gained a
share of the United States market. This was achieved by promotion
activities in the USA supported by the Holland Flower Council which
encouraged Americans to purchase more cut flowers for gifts, occasions
and everyday use, similar to consumer habits in Europe. Most of the
flowers sold to the USA through the Dutch flower auctions are shipped to
the USA by air through New York.

Celebration of western holidays and the purchases of flowers for these

holidays have become a main theme of floral marketing for consumers in
Asia. Two examples of this are cut roses for Valentines Day and cut
carnations for Mothers Day. This type comprehensive involvement with
floriculture from disseminating the use of production equipment and
technology to influencing consumer purchases of flowers by promoting
western holidays associated with floral purchases has established the
European flower industry as the leader of commercial floriculture
worldwide.

Since the early 1990s, the European flower industry, as a worldwide

leader in commercial floriculture, has been impacting the rest of Asia with
cut flower imports from Holland and sales of flower varieties, production
9

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

equipment, and technology for new production operations in Asia.Today

and in the future, the potential for commercial floriculture expansion in
Asia, including production for domestic and export sales of cut flowers, is
greater than ever before. The elements for success needed to transform
the Asian flower industry into the worldwide leader of commercial
floriculture have been implied by reviewing the evolution of the world cut
flower market place.

In Bangladesh trading of flowers and foliage is a new concept. Local

business of flower started just in early nineties, Bangladesh being gifted
with favorable climatic condition and fertile land is capable of producing a
large variety of flowers, foliages, orchids and ornamental plants of
international standard. Envisaging its potentiality, the government has put
this sector under thrust sector and provided necessary incentives in this
regard. The cut flower industry in Bangladesh is small when compared to
global market. Bangladesh is a new entrant in the cut flower business.
The most non-traditional item has now become a promising one, the
export of which registered a phenomenal growth of 865.79 percent over
the period of one year. In the year 2004-2005 the performance of this
sector was $7.34 million while in 2003-2004 the figure was just $0.76
million.

The major destinations of our export of cut flowers are India, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, UAE, USA, UK, Italy, Portugal etc.

10

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Flower symbolic beauty, purity, peace and love. They are intricately
associated with social beliefs and no social function is complete without
the use of flowers. The annual growth potential of floriculture is 25-30%
which is many times more than that of cereals. At the same time,
competition is also increasing worldwide. Indian floriculture has recently
witnessed commendable changes which have transformed it from a
hobbyist activity, to a commercial enterprise. Flowers now merit attention
for their economic gain as much as for their aesthetic value. Opening up
of the world market in the WTO regime is paying way to free movement
of floricultural products worldwide, globalization and its effect on income
generation have all contributed to increase in per capita consumption of
flowers in most countries. Cut flowers occupy a unique position in the
floriculture industry.

With special care, fresh flowers can be enjoyed for the longest possible
time. The basic needs of fresh cut flowers and foliages are high quality
water sugar for food, healthy environment and sanitation.

11

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

IV.

Chapter -3 : Findings and Analysis

Opportunities for cut flower export from Asia.

There is considerable opportunity in both export and domestic markets for cut
flowers from southern Asia. In case of export markets, it seems reasonable to set
goals with respect to entering global markets.
Below is a table showing different markets and their charateristics.

country
1. Countries in Asia - Japan,
Korea, Taiwan, Singapore

Characteristics
they are relatively near;

shipping requirements in terms of

2. Countries in North America Canada

and

USA;

postharvest storage have been minimal

The capability for the Asian flower industry
to initially offer these export market

Central

customers low prices

Europe

a full production mix,

convenient and reliable shipping service
will increase the chances of gaining
market share in a market place which
already has supply.

3. Countries in Eastern Europe

there will be opportunities for marketing cut

flowers from Southeast Asia to Eastern Europe,
particularly northeastern Europe.

Analyze growth of Cut Flower export from a leading country-China

12

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

China has emerged as a major player in the booming worldwide trade in highquality cut flowers and has shown how export-led growth can be a powerful
antidote to rural poverty. In fact, the growth of the industry in Yunnan has been so
successful that it is now a business partner of the worlds largest cut-flower
auction, the Verenigde Bloemenveilingen Aalsmeer (VBA) Aalsmeer flower
auction in the Netherlands. The VBA has a strong long-term interest in
ensuring that Yunnan meets international standards.
A series of critical developments during the 1990s saw the village-level industry
grow rapidly, and subsequently gain entry to international markets. Key steps
included:

In 1994 the farmers in Yunnan created a cooperative and their annual

production of 210 million cut-flower stems outstripped that of Shanghai.

By 1995 success brought provincial government attention and the critical

decision that the public authorities would support the industrys growth. A
biological resources development plan was established to further diversify
production away from stagnating tobacco and low-margin vegetable
crops.

Between 1994 and 1996 the tobacco industry, formerly the provinces
dominant sector, invested more than US$ 1 million in the evolving cutflower industry, a move that encouraged other investors to back the new
industry. This investment facilitated the crucial introduction of international
expertise.

13

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Industry and market analysis by cut-flower experts highlighted important

challenges for Yunnans rapidly growing cut-flower sector. These included:
insufficient understanding of the markets, both domestic and international;
logistical issues; and technical challenges related to the introduction of
new varieties. The resulting report saw the creation of the Yunnan Flower
Association (YFA) in 1997. Within one month this new professional body
had linked with ITC (International Trade Center) to address these
challenges

The Yunnan Flower Association and ITC are now cooperating to map out
the next phase of the industrys development. This involves finding ways
to overcome several important new challenges. For example, in order to
move significantly into European and North American markets, the
association needs to find ways to overcome existing logistical limitations.
With no direct flight from Kunming to the international cut-flower
distribution centers that would serve these new markets, guaranteeing the
essential cooling chain is a major problem to be addressed.

In addition to the commercial and technical assistance and collaboration

with the Dutch, the Yunnan flower industry has now attracted 40 joint
venture investors from Taiwan (Province of China) and the Republic of
Korea, targeting the huge and rapidly growing demand for cut flowers in
South-East Asia. Critically, 200304 market indicators suggest that
Yunnans flower growers have crossed an important commercial threshold
into the Japanese market. Exports to this highly demanding market

14

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

where insistence on high-quality cut-flower products is paramount has

jumped to 70 million stems, up from 33 million in 2002. Meanwhile,
Yunnans total international exports in 2003 reached US$ 30 million,
exceeding the target set for 2010.

ITC promotes alternatives to commodity exports

Since the early days of its existence ITC has been involved in exploring
market opportunities for off-season fruit and vegetables, as well as cut
flowers, as an alternative to commodity exports from developing countries.
Through field projects in a number of countries in all developing regions, it
extended technical cooperation to help farmers take advantage of these
opportunities.

With hindsight it is safe to say that ITC assessed the developing country
potential for flower exports correctly. In 1980, the world import market for
cut flowers amounted to US$ 850 million. By 2002, the market had
increased almost fivefold to over US$ 4 billion. In 1980, developing
countries held less than a 10% share in this market. In 2002, they
accounted for a market share of over 30%.

15

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Opportunities for production of Cut flower in Bangladesh.

Tuberose, rose, orchid and marigold are among the major flowers that
make up Bangladesh's floral basket for exports.

Compared to any other agricultural products flower plants have fetched

the cultivators much more higher net profits. Their profit ranges are
approximately 36 percent from rose cultivation, 58 percent from marigold,
and 97 percent from gladiolas.

Production of flowers in Bangladesh

16

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

10000 cultivators all over Bangladesh are engaged in nursing a variety of

flowers and foliages on 3000 hectors of land.

This year 1047.76 acres of land in Jessore district alone has been brought
under flower cultivation by 1687 cultivators.
The table below shows the sale in Crore during 2008-09 period

New Year

Valentine Day

Ekushe February

Bangle Nobo
Barsha

Sale 1.10

1.75

1.60

1.20

Sale on different domestic festival

Popularly known as the floricultural capital of Bangladesh

'Godkhali flower market' under Jhikargacha upazilla presides
17

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

over an annual sale of Taka 15 crore worth of flowers supplying

70 percent of the country's total flowers for both domestic
consumption and exportation. . The country's floral revolution
was initiated by an enthusiast named Sher Ali of Panishara
village under Godkhali union who took a bold venture back in the
year 1982 bagging a handsome profit of Taka two hundred
thousand from cultivating tuberose on his father's 33 decimals of
land setting a historical landmark.
Villages such as Panishara, Krishna Chandrapur, Towra, Patuapara,
Syedpara, Nabinagar, Manikhali, Bejiatala, Gangadharpur, Shimulia,
Andolputa, Jamlagi, Barbakpur, Chapatala, Gaburapur, Khashkhali,
Ramchandrapur, Nilkantha Nagar, and Borni have huge business potential
of floriculture .

Export performance of Cut Flower from 2006 to 2009

Export figure of Cut Flower is given below.

18

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

In million USD
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2009-2010 2009-2010
July
July-Aug
July-Sep

2009-2010
July-Oct

32.71

10.55

55.98

32.49

3.47

5.48

8.60

Percentage change of export of Cut Flower over last year export

2007-2008

2008-2009

July 2009

July-Aug

19

July-Sep 2009

July-Oct 2009

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

0ver
2006-2007

over
2007-2008

over
July 2008

2009
Over
July- Aug
2008

Over
July- Sep 2008

Over
July-Oct 2008

+71.14

-41.96

+31.06

+4.20

+2.67

+2.47

Government policy relating to export of Cut Flower.

20

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Export oriented industries like Cut Flowers identified by the government as

thrust sector are provided special facilities in the form of cash incentives,
venture capital and other facilities.
The countries with which Bangladesh so far signed bilateral investment
treaties are USA, UK and Italy, which are among the importer countries of
Cut Flower from Bangladesh.
Avoidance of double taxation agreement has been signed with UK and
Italy, which will facilitate export of Cut flower.

V.

Recommendation and Conclusion:

21

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Opportunities in production of cut flowers in Bangladesh would go beyond

just the need to increase the rate of production. New production systems
for efficiency or environmental protection could be developed which
would be adapted to conditions of flower production in Bangladesh.
Research priorities at flower research institutions throughout Asia could be
directed towards developing innovative solutions which supported global
sustainability.
Markets study tour for a group of selected growers and service providers
to international flower markets, visiting growers, market places, and flower
auctions.
Survey by an international flower-growing expert, to identify the most
appropriate varieties for the various locations in Bangladesh, appropriate
to the market surveys findings.
Workshop for Bangladeshi flower growers, provided by international
experts on modern cultivation and post-harvest methods.
Consultancy mission by an international flower export logistic expert, to
recommend on the optimal logistic chain from grower to market.
On-going consultancy on export practices, and value chain organizational
affairs.
On-going consultancy on flower cultivation and post harvest practices.
Training of local extension officers, to provide technical support to
growers.

22

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

Facilitating exporting flower growers in improving their farm facilities

through partial grants on actual investments, and/or subsidized interest on
loans.
Online selling facility as other exporting countries follow this way of selling
cut flowers globally.
Identifying flowers that have demand for different celebrations worldwide.
Government support to encourage entrepreneurs for starting production
and trade of Cut Flower.
Collaboration with international organization to get assistance, namelyITC.
Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) has already taken up
some initiatives to train our flower cultivators and cultivate varieties of
highbred flowers at their research centre in scientific methods. But that is
not enough considering our aspirations to participate in the 160 billion
dollar worth of global flower market.

In conclusion it can be said that there is huge opportunities for production of Cut
Flower in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has good transport facilities like sea ports, air
transport to connect to the business world. It has friendly relationship with the
importing countries. What it needs is technological knowhow that will make
flowers to sustain for long time.

23

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

VI.

Bibliography:
1. Bangladeshinfo.com
2. On line information through International Trade Forum.
3. FAO Comparative Document Repository.
4. The Daily Star online edition
5. The New Edition-Bangladeshs independent news source
6. Commodity Trade Statistics database.
7. EXPORT Promotion Bureau, Bangladesh.

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Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

VII.

Annexure/Appendices:
1. Export Import Data from 2006 to 200
Export performance for the Month of July 2009

Overall position
Mn. US $
Products

Export
performance for
2008-2009

Export target for

2009-2010

1
2
All products
15565.19
Products recorded growth over last years performance
Knitwear
6429.26
Terry towel
132.57
186.93
Foot wear
6.44
Handicrafts
Other primary Com:

132.83

a) Cut flower/foliage

32.49

b) Agro. process food

46.68

c) others

53.66

Strategic export
target for July
2009

Export
performance for
July 2009

5
1438.18

% Change of export
performance over
export target

Export
performance for
July 2008

% Change of
export performance
July 2009
Over
July 2008

6
-

7
1543.09

8
-6.80

640.50
11.29
18.58
0.46

+1.77
+16.74
+12.97
+17.39
+17.56

3
-

4
-

651.85
13.18
20.99
0.54
13.99

3.46

11.90
+31.06
2.64
-

6.18

-2.06
6.31

4.35

+47.46
2.95

Export performance for the Month of July-August 2009-2010

Overall position
Products
Export
Export target for
performance for
2009-2010
2008-2009

Strategic export
target for JulyAug. 2009-2010

1
2
3
All products
15565.19
17600.00
Products recorded growth over last years performance & also over target :
269.25
282.71
Jute goods
Electronics
1.19
1.49
148.80
132.83
Other primary Com:
34.11
32.49
a) Cut flower/foliage
58.35
46.68
b) Agro. process food
56.34
53.66
c) others
Other mfd. goods:
510.54
566.10
a) Melamine tableware
0.59
0.80
b) Camera parts
14.07
14.77
c) Leather bags & purses
16.89
21.96

4
3014.88

Export
performance for
July-Aug 20092010

5
2808.15

% Change of export
performance over
export target

Export
performance for
July-Aug 200809

6
-6.86

7
2903.78

% Change of
export
performance
July-Aug 20092010
Over
July-Aug 200809
8
-3.29

48.43

54.75

+13.05

54.5

+0.46

0.26
25.49

0.57
34.62

+119.23
+35.82

0.31

+83.87
+51.64

5.84

5.71

-2.23

22.83
+4.20
5.48
10.00

18.58

+85.80

+49.60
12.42

9.65
96.96
0.14
2.53
3.76

25

10.33
100.86
0.15
1.41
2.75

+7.05
+4.02
+7.14
-44.27
-26.86

+109.53
4.93
71.14
0.06
3.2
2.53

+41.78
+150.00
-55.94
+8.70

Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

d) others

478.99

528.57

90.53

96.55

+6.65

65.35

+47.74

Export performance for the Month of July-September 2009-2010

Overall position
Products recorded growth over last years performance & also over target
Overall position
Mn. US $
Products

Jute goods
Electronics

Export
performance for
2008-2009

Export target for

2009-2010

Strategic export
target for JulySep. 2009-2010

Export
performance for
July-Sep 20092010

% Change of export
performance over
export target

Export
performance for
July-Sep 200809

% Change of export
performance
July-Sep 2009-2010
Over
July-Sep 2008-09

269.25

282.71

69.55

85.62

+23.11

81.40

+5.18

1.19

1.49
148.80

0.37
36.60

0.65
43.33

+75.68
+18.39

0.42

+54.76
+25.78

34.11

8.39

8.83

+5.24

Other primary Com:

132.83

a) Cut flower/foliage

32.49

b) Agro. process food

46.68

c) others

53.66

34.45
+2.67
8.60
58.35

14.35

21.32

+48.57

+21.34
17.57

56.34

13.86

13.18

-4.91

+59.18
8.28

Export performance for the Month of July-October 2009-2010

Overall position
Jute goods
Electronics

269.25

282.71

89.99

123.13

+36.83

101.81

+20.94

1.19

1.49
148.80

0.47
47.36

0.69
50.44

+46.81
+6.50

0.5

+38.00
+22.40

34.11

10.86

10.81

-0.46

Other primary Com:

132.83

a) Cut flower/foliage

32.49

b) Agro. process food

46.68

c) others
Raw jute
Engineering Products :
a) Bicycle
b) Iron chain
c) others

53.66
148.17
189.48
84.54
1.62
103.32

41.21
+2.46
10.55
58.35

18.57

23.88

+28.59

+15.47
20.68

56.34

17.93

155.58
220.09
109.90
1.70
108.49

49.52
70.05
34.98
0.54
34.53

15.75
66.85
72.74
37.39
0.46
34.89

-12.16

+57.82

+35.00
+3.84
+6.89
-14.81
+1.04

9.98
43.45
66.78
32.98
0.49
33.31

+53.86
+8.92
+13.37
-6.12
+4.74

Export performance for the Month of July-June, 2008-09

Overall position
Mn. US $
Products

Export target for

2008-09

Export performance for

July-June, 2008-09

Products recorded decline over last year's performance and also over target
Raw jute
192.30
148.17
Tea
16.38
12.29
331.07
269.25
Jute goods
Electronics
3.86
1.19
Leather
304.32
177.32
574.13
Frozen food
454.53
Ceramic products
47.91
31.70
220.28

% Change of export
performance over export
target

Export performance for

July-June, 2007-08

% Change of export
performance
July- June, 2008-09
Over
July-June, 2007-08

-22.95
-24.97
-18.67

165.06
14.89
318.34

-10.23
-17.46
-15.42

-69.17
-41.73
-20.83

2.97
284.41

-59.93
-37.65
-14.89

-33.83
-35.52

534.07
38.33

-17.30
-23.27

Petroleum bi products
Other primary Com:
a) Cut flower/foliage

314.50
114.70

142.03
132.83
32.49

-57.76
-71.67

185.11
153.41
55.98

-13.42
-41.96

b) Agro. process food

83.34

46.68

-43.99

40.65

+14.83

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Term Paper on Export Potential Market For Cut Flower

c) others
Engineering Products :
a) Bicycle
b) Iron chain
c) others

116.40
230.66
70.71
2.30
157.65

53.66
189.48
84.54
1.62
103.32

-53.90
-17.85
+19.56
-29.57
-34.46

56.78
219.68
64.28
2.09
153.31

Export performance for the period of July-June, 2007-08

Overall position
US $
Products recorded growth over last years performance and also over target :
95.00

Mn.
+94.85

185.11
Petroleum by products
Knitwear
Tea
Textile fabrics
Foot wear
Ceramic products
Agri. products:
a) Vegetables
b) Tobacco
c) Others
Other primary Com:
a) Cut flower/foliage
b) Agro. process food
c) Others

5465.00
8.00
40.00

5532.52
14.89

165.00
35.00
100.00
40.00
20.00
40.00
87.00
40.00
26.00
21.00

169.60
38.33
120.13
60.47
22.38
37.28
153.41
55.98
40.65
56.78

66.57

27

-5.49
-13.75
+31.52
-22.49
-32.61

+120.63
83.90

+1.24
+86.13
+66.43

4553.60
6.94

+2.79
+9.51
+20.13
+51.18
+11.90
-6.80
+76.33
+39.95
+56.35
+170.38

135.94
29.95
87.82
35.64
18.03
34.15
75.04
32.71
22.94
19.39

36.08

+21.50
+114.55
+84.51
+24.76
+27.98
+36.79
+69.67
+24.13
+9.17
+104.44
+71.14
+77.20
+192.83