POWER & AIX User Group Meeting - Switzerland

nmon & topas for

Performance Monitoring
Presentation Version 21

Nigel Griffiths
IBM Power Systems
Advanced Technology Support, Europe

2012 IBM Corporation

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Let talk about

nmon
Year 16
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nmon for Linux v14g

now Open Source
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nmon for Linux on Power

then added x86, Z, x86_64

Released by IBM - July 2009
http://nmon.sourceforge.net
http://nmon.sourceforge.net
Binaries for 66 Linux flavours
Largely thanks for MPG

Compile for your Linux flavour

Cell blades, disk engines,
Diskless, embedded ++
6000 lines of C code200 KB

Fully supported by the nmon analyser

On a Linux Distro's?
Ubuntu/Debain (get-apt), IBM on PowerLinux, x86 & secret,

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2000

4.3.3

1999

2003

2006

AIX 3.1.5 - 4.2

Benchmarking
Tuning/Reports

2009

nmon9f AIX4
Last AIX 4.3.3
Used /dev/kmem

nmon10 AIX5
Uses public API
& libperfstat

nmon12f AIX6

nmon2web

nmon
analyser

nmon2rrd
Lotus 1-2-3
Then Excel

nmon
Consolidator
Multiple machines

2011
2010
AIX command
topas_nmon

2008

2005

2003

60+ flavours!

Open
Sourced

2007

2001

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1997

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x86
POWER
x86
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nmon for Linux

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Timeline 15 years

embedded
x86_64

merged in to topas
nmon12f function
Released with AIX
AIX 5.3 TL09 +
AIX 6.1 TL02 +

topas CEC
reports
analyser

pGraph

Website generator
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Stephens

nmon
file

nmon
5
Consolidator
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nmon

-f or F option

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Screen

Stephens

Others
Federicos

pGraph

Bruces

nmon2web
Perl

nmon2rrd
C filter

nmon
Analyser

18 0
16 0
14 0
12 0
10 0
80
60
40
20
0

Java Dynamic Graphs

Excel graphs
Scripts

Scripts

rrdtool scripts
+ CPU & RAM
aggregation

- Create rrd
- Load rrd
- Graph rrd
index.html

10 0
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

nmon flow
Website +.jpg graphs
rrdtool

rrdtool

open
source

open
source

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nmon is half the story

The other half is due to the nmon Analyser

Excel spreadsheets from Stephen Atkins, UK
Another personal time project

The sole designer/developer:

 nmon analyser
 nmon Consolidation
 Topas CEC analyser

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Email 6:
What 1st things do I look for in an nmon file?

Firmware level
(BBBP lsconf)

AIX level - release, TL and SP (BBBP oslevel -s)

Not using classic nmon
(AAA)

If any over 2 years old the nmon user are either a newbie
or a time waster.

From this I know how professional they are!!

If you dont service your car for three+ years:
Why should the car maker spend time investigating
your problem or take the blame for the top speed !

Then period of time covered and the interval
Long intervals hide peaks

Then what version of the Analyser was used

Only use the latest 3.4a
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LPAR tab physical CPU use

7
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Then
What 2nd things do I look for in an nmon file?
Shared Uncapped how often over Entitlement
Most utilisation numbers are pointless now IMHO

CPU_SUMM tab
Shows use of SMT

DISKBUSY tab
No disks over 50%
Most disks active i.e. not old school disk layout

IOADAPT tab
Disk I/O even across FC adapters

MEM tab
Check free memory is NOT large. If it is tune to use it

MEMNEW tab
Is filesystem cache use as expected. RDBMS DIO/CIO should be small

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Then
What 3rd things do I look for in an nmon file?

2013 IBM

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NET tab
Is it pretty!
Does it peak at a well know network speed?

Page tab
Should be low but do see high filesystem paging
these days = memory mapped files.

POOL tab
See if Pool is exhausted

Proc
Compare RunQ with SMT thread available

Top - if present
Check is the top CPU processes expected

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nmon Consolidator v1.4.1

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Produces overview charts for CPU, Memory, Network, Disk

Fast & simple code, pre-generated charts

Multiple nmon/topasout files for:

ALL LPARs of one machine
Clustered system Oracle RAC / HPC
Modelling changes from Dedicated to Shared CPU LPARs
Server consolidation Modelling
Reporting actual or potential savings from virtualisation

Trend charts - processing multiple files from 1 LPAR

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DETAIL

&

topas
 default

12

Nigels Monitor
mode

~

topas

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Mode Changing
nmon
topas_nmon


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CEC topas -C

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topas
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No marketing
No Redbook
Manual is 30+ pages

10 different online modes

7 file formats (with friends)

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topas problems

KB-W
AQW
MWT
PSz
Vcsw
%bdon
MPuse
hpit
physb
pmem

RTFM

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Topas
Local AIX mode

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Cross-partition Mode

nmon mode

nmon
Classic for
AIX & Linux

[CEC/whole machine]

Default
View

Detailed
View
2

WPAR
7

CEC
Save

nmon
View

nmon
View

LPAR View

5
6

nmon
Save

AMS

10

VIOS View
8

WPAR
nmon
Save

CSV file

Other Local
Save Tools

topasout

Text
Reports

nmon Analyser
nmon Consolidator
nmon2rrd/nmon2web
Other tools or databases

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Topas Local AIX

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F
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Topas VIOS view

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topas VIOS 2.1+ SEA Network Monitoring

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Hit E for shared Ethernet adapter(s)  SEA

Direction of traffic in this case from Virtual Ethernet out of the VIOS

ent2 virtual 14KB/s incoming

ent0 = physical = 14 KB/s outgoing

ent10 = SEA = 14KB/s in and 14 KB/s out

Topas Monitor for host:

bronze_ivm Interval:
2
Fri Dec 5 08:08:19 2008
===============================================================================
Network
KBPS
I-Pack
O-Pack
KB-In
KB-Out
ent10 (SEA)
31.3
43.0
43.0
15.9
15.4
|\--ent2 (VETH)
15.9
15.5
27.0
14.3
1.6
\--ent0 (PHYS)
15.5
27.5
16.0
1.6
13.9
lo0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

VOIS
[SEA]

Physical Network
13.9KB/s

31.3KB/s

Client
Virtual Network
14.3KB/s

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Another Example two SEA + HEA

Topas Monitor for host:

bluevio44
Interval:
2
Mon Nov 9 18:28:12 2009
===============================================================================
Network
KBPS
I-Pack
O-Pack
KB-In
KB-Out
ent5 (SEA)
30.9
35.5
35.0
15.5
15.5
|\--ent1 (PHYS)
15.5
25.0
10.5
14.7
0.8
\--ent4 (VETH)
15.5
10.5
24.5
0.8
14.6
ent6 (SEA)
1.9
15.5
16.0
0.9
1.0
|\--ent0 (HEA PHYS)
1.0
15.5
0.5
0.9
0.1
\--ent3 (VETH)
0.9
0.0
15.5
0.0
0.9
lo0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

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topas VIOS 2.1+ Storage Monitoring

Hit D and then d  You can see VIOS virtual/physical Disks
And which hosts adapters is generating the I/O

Topas Adapter View

:
bronze_ivm Interval:
2
Fri Dec 5 08:29:17 2008
===============================================================================
Adapter
KBPS
TPS
KB-R
KB-W
sissas0
9.9K
92.0
0.0
9.9K
vhost0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
vhost1
9.9K 184.0
92.0
92.0
===============================================================================
Vtargets/Disks
Busy%
KBPS TPS
KB-R ART
MRT KB-W AWT MWT AQW AQD
hdisk0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.0 0.0 62.6 0.0 0.0
hdisk1
25.0
9.9K 92.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
9.9K 4.2 28.9 0.0 0.0
hdisk2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
hdisk3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
hdisk4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Virtual Disks

Client
vhost

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Server
vhost1

Logical
Volume

sissas0
hdisk0 to 4

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CEC
Whole machine
Cross Partition
All LPAR
View

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HMC

LPAR: topas C

VIOS

Once only
- Can take 20 seconds
- Newer version polls
the local network for
AIX LPARs

topas then hit C

topas cecview

on
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Cross Partition View

(ugly)

Totally different program inside topas

topas

xmtopas

xmwlm

xmperf

Only LPARs on same sub-net

Edit $HOME/Rsi.hosts

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Over network
Once every 10 seconds

Linux

AIX

AIX

AIX

Fully hostname.domain one per line

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Active
Memory
Sharing view
AMS has a renewed focus due to new De-Duplication features

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Monitoring 1 LPAR
for AMS is insane

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AMS  Have to monitor all LPARs

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No details for Linux on POWER or IBM i = no daemon

Regular extra g details

Topas CEC Monitor
Partition Info
Monitored : 4
UnMonitored: Shared
: 4
Uncapped
: 4
Capped
: 0
Dedicated : 0
Donating
: 0

Interval: 10
Memory (GB)
Processor
Monitored : 8.0
Monitored :2.0
UnMonitored:
UnMonitored: Available :
Available : UnAllocated:
UnAllocated: Consumed
: 6.5
Shared
: 2
Dedicated : 0
Donated
: 0
Pool Size : 4

Wed Dec 3 10:15:06 2008

Virtual Pools :
0
Avail Pool Proc:
3.7
Shr Physical Busy: 0.28
Ded Physical Busy: 0.00
Donated Phys. CPUs 0.00
Stolen Phys. CPUs : 0.00
Hypervisor
Virt. Context Switch: 976
Phantom Interrupts :
1

Host
OS M Mem InU Lp Us Sy Wa Id PhysB Vcsw Ent %EntC PhI pmem
-------------------------------------shared------------------------------------silver_vios1 A61 U 2.0 1.9 8 08 1 0 90
0.01 873 0.40
2.6
0
silver_lpar2 A61 UM 2.0 1.4 2 49 1 0 49
0.26 244 0.50 51.3
1 1.30
silver_lpar3 A61 UM 2.0 1.6 2
0 0 0 99
0.01 294 0.50
1.4
0 0.78
silver_lpar4 A61 UM 2.0 1.7 2
0 0 0 99
0.01 220 0.50
1.3
0 0.87
silver_lpar5 A61 UM 2.0 1.7 2
0 0 0 99
0.01 218 0.50
1.1
0 1.01

Inu
InUse LPAR Working Set
Logical Memory  Mem

Dedicated
Memory
Shared memory LPAR
LPAR
Physical Memory  pmem

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Topas CEC Monitor

Interval: 10
Partitions Memory (GB)
Memory Pool(GB)
Mshr: 4
Mon: 8.0 InUse: 6.8 Mpsz: 4.0 MPuse: 4.0
Mded: 0
Avl: 1.2
Pools: 1

on
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AMS Pool Level: topas C then hit m

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Wed Dec 3 10:56:12 2008

I/O Memory(GB)
Entl: 308.0Use: 47.9

mpid
mpsz mpus
mem memu iome iomu
hpi
hpit
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------0
4.00 3.99 8.00 6.82 308.0 47.9
32
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Hypervisor Page-in Time (msecs)

Hypervisor Page-in/second
Pool Size
Pool Used

Machine memory

In use I/O Memory

I/O Memory  assign for device driver DMA I/O
For more on I/O Memory see:
lparstat -m
lparstat -me

Machine memory Used

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topasout

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Takes binary topas recording files /etc/perf/

Reports for

LPAR,

All Partitions or

Whole Machine
In formats

text report

CSV data files
Manual page worse than topas 
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-c
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topasout

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Machine or LPAR - Data reports

topasout -c|-s|-a /etc/perf/daily/hostname_YYMMDD.topas
Example: topasout a /etc/perf/daily/silver8_090304.topas
The output overwrites the file /etc/perf/daily/hostname_YYMMDD.topas_01

c = comma separated
but one timestamp and value per line
s = spreadsheet
space separated 100s of stats per line
a = analyser
.csv file for nmon analyser or use topas_nmon directly
Machine or LPAR - Text reports
topasout -R OPTION [-i MM -b HHMM -e HHMM] /etc/perf/daily/hostname_YYMMDD.topas
OPTION = detailed|summary|poolinfo|disk |lan|mempool|adapter|vadapter|vios|vios_adapter
Example: topasout R summary /etc/perf/daily/silver8_090304.topas >/tmp/LPARsummary.txt
Text reports via standard out, so you need to redirect the output to a file
Cross-Partition Text reports
topasout -R detailed | -R summary [-i MM -b HHMM -e HHMM] /etc/perf/topas_cec.YYMMDD
Example: topasout -R detailed topas_cec.090305 >/tmp/CECdetailed.txt
Text reports via standard out, so you need to redirect the output to a file
For system use only, do NOT run these manually.
topasout -R daily | -R weekly
Notes: YYMMDD = year, month, day

MM is minutes

HHMM is hours & minutes

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Whole machine performance graphs

topasrec  topasout CEC analyser (Excel)

topas C working OK but want to record it

1. http://tinyurl.com/topas-cec

Download CEC Analyser from Stephen Atkins

2. topasrec -C -o sample -s 120 -c 720

(every 2 minutes all day)

Creates sample_cec_101222_2149.topas

3. topasout -a sample_cec_101222_2149.topas

Creates sample_cec_101222_21492.topas.csv

4. Start CEC Analyser & load the .csv output file & you get 
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Whole machine performance graphs

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New Stuff

1. nmon analyser improvements from Stephen Atkins

Make sure you use the latest version
http://tinyurl.com/nmon-analyser

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Topas Active Memory Expansion

nmon Active Memory Expansion file output
Topas Memory Affinity
nmon gets WPAR
Too Many CPUs problem
nmon online disk columns
nmon file output more stats

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Active Memory Expansion - AME

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Rapidly growing adoption

Nigels opinion
Its a no brainer & here to stay
Future POWER processors will err!
Blow your socks off!

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Memory Pages

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Active Memory Expansion

Conceptual Model

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Compressed
Memory pages

Dynamically adjusted depending

on compression ratio & target
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What is your Plan?

Memory Shrinking
to release RAM for other uses

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Memory Growing
for RAM optimisation & performance
10GB

10GB
But want 14GB to
improve performance
Looks like 10GB but
is actually 8GB,
thanks to AME
2GB released
for another LPAR

Actually still using 10 GB but

looks like 14 GB, thanks to AME

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topas

TMEM = True Memory

CMEM = Compressed Memory
CI = Compressed Page In
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CO = Compressed Page Out

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EF = Expansion Factor
T = Target
A = Actual

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nmon capture to file then Analyser

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MEM tab
Size of the Compressed pool (MB)
Size of true memory (MB)
Expanded memory size (MB),
Size of the Uncompressed pool (MB)

MEMNEW tab
Compressed Pool%

PAGE tab
Paging rates (pages per second) but this time very quickly
in & out of the compressed memory area
Compressed pool pgins - other tools like topas call this CI
Compressed pool pgouts - other tools like topas call this CO

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Topas AME - Very small change

Units have moved

TMEM, MB 2000  TMEM

2.00G

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Memory Affinity & SRAD

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See my session
PE07
POWER7, AIX, Affinity and Performance

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topas M or
topas and the hit M or
nmon then ~ then M
Power 770 again
# lssrad -av
REF1
SRAD
0
0
3
1
1
2

MEM

CPU

25054.75
6705.50

0-11 28-31 40-43 56-59 72-75

52-55 68-71

17679.00
14193.00

12-15 20-23 32-35 44-47 60-63 76-79 104-107

24-27 36-39 48-51 64-67

Yes it is a bit of a mess to highlight some things

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You know this bit now

Note: different order to lssrad

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SRAD Memory View

CPUs but limited room
Home processes/threads
File system cache RAM (numperm)

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SMT=4  1 physical core

Are all logical CPUs in use?

Mostly Near memory access 

Most work on 1st SMT

Move the cursor here to

order the Logical CPUs
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Topas New: Affinity stats  M (memory!)

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Power 770
LPAR = 64 GB
Across 3 SRADs
CPUs are
0- 7
8 = 2
8-11
4 = 1
16-23
4 = 1
VP = 4

Excellent
Good
Blisteringly
Fast

VP=10 across 16 CPUs

-We dont have a SRAD
for 10 CPUs
VP=10 SMT=4 40 VCPUs

Very little
use so 100%
not that
important

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Workload Partition - WPAR

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Was in nmon classic but not topas_nmon

Now in topas_nmon 4Q 2011
Below is topas

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Below is topas -@ (WPAR view)

Move to WPAR name & hit f

to see its processes

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nmon WPAR stats are back in AIX 7 TL1/AIX6 TL7

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WPAR hit @ & WLM hit W

Memory stats

Kernel stats

numperm=
filesystem cache

Process switches
Fork new process

Type =
System or App
State =
Active or Defined

Includes the resource

constrains & current
values

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nmon WPAR stats are back in AIX 7 TL1/AIX6 TL7

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Not just WLM hit W

Busy with
WPAR work

These are WLM classes

and WPAR stats
appear to be missing

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Inside a WPAR

Bonkers like driving a car with your eyes closed

Relative to WPAR CPU limit (like %ent)

- Not documented !
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Too Many CPUs

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Power 795 = 256 POWER7

SMT=4  4 Logical CPUs

make it even worse

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Too many CPUs

Power 795 = 256 cores = 1024 logical CPUs

Cant watch this on screen 1024 pixel screen!

Actually logical CPUs not so interesting
Once we know they are all in use

Want to see whole VM physical CPU use hit l (L)

CPU Long term view
70 snapshots
But tops out at 100%
Even if say 8 times over
Entitlement
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Too many CPUs

Long term Physical CPU view

Lowercase L and #

Insert bar walks right

then wraps around to left

Last snapshot
Max=2 physical CPUs
Average of what
is on screen

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Stopped all work

Long term Physical CPU view
Autoscaling

Max=0.5

Max=0.031

Max=0.06

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nmon file output

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Started with: nmon -f

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nmon More data saved for AIX6 TL7/AIX7 TL1

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In the BBBP section = AIX Parameters

Uptime  long AIX has been running
BBBP,000,uptime

BBBP,001,uptime," 01:13AM up19:18,2 users, load average: 1.91, 1.54, 1.18

lssrad av SRAD and CPU-Memory Affinity

BBBP,174,lssrad
BBBP,175,lssrad,"REF1 SRAD
BBBP,176,lssrad,"0"
BBBP,177,lssrad,"

MEM

1699.37

CPU"

0-7"

Next service pack: emgr -l

For determining if or when eFixes are installed

I forget when added but it includes

mpstat b output = Memory Affinity stats Local, Near, Far references
ifconfig & netstat may have been there a while!!
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Even more Disk Statistics

Below are splitting out the old DISKXFERS to read
and write
DISKRIO
DISKWIO

- Disk IO Read per second

- Disk IO Writes per second

Experimental
DISKAVGRIO - Disk IO Average Reads per second
DISKAVGWIO - Disk IO Average Writes per second

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CPU PURR and SPURR based stats
PCPU_ALL and PCPU<number 1 to logical processors>
SCPU_ALL and SCPU<number 1 to logical processors>

Power Saving Mode via Systems Director AEM

On my POWER7 Power 750
# pmcycles M
This machine runs at 3550 MHz

Undocumented
No power saving

--- Switch on Power saving here --# pmcycles M

This machine runs at 2126 MHz
# pmcycles -M

Power saving mode

This machine runs at 3862 MHz

Over-clocking

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topas_nmon PURR/SPURR
for AIX7 TL1 on POWER7 E=0.8 SMT=4 VP=2
with Power Saving On via Systems Director AEM

Note:
Goes over the VP. It has more clock ticks due to over clocking by ~9% - I think!!
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Online Disks
nmon then
DDDD

New columns

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While online hit [ to start a capture and then ] to stop

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Hit Space to FREEZE the output

if you want to study the numbers in detail

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