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Direct Shear Test Reprt

The document describes a direct shear test procedure to determine the shear strength parameters (cohesion c and angle of internal friction φ) of a soil sample. The test involves placing a soil sample in a shear box and applying different normal stresses across the sample using a loading frame. The sample is then sheared horizontally at a controlled rate while measuring the shear force until failure. This is repeated under multiple normal stresses. The results are plotted as shear stress versus normal stress and the best fit line allows determining c and φ from its intercept and slope based on the Coulomb failure criterion.

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Shivaraj Subramaniam
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402 views

Direct Shear Test Reprt

The document describes a direct shear test procedure to determine the shear strength parameters (cohesion c and angle of internal friction φ) of a soil sample. The test involves placing a soil sample in a shear box and applying different normal stresses across the sample using a loading frame. The sample is then sheared horizontally at a controlled rate while measuring the shear force until failure. This is repeated under multiple normal stresses. The results are plotted as shear stress versus normal stress and the best fit line allows determining c and φ from its intercept and slope based on the Coulomb failure criterion.

Uploaded by

Shivaraj Subramaniam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

TEST TITLE : DIRECT SHEAR TEST

1.0

OBJECTIVE
To determine the parameter of shear strength of soil, cohesion, c and angle of
friction, .

2.0

LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this experiment, students are able to:

3.0

Determine the shear strength parameter of the soil

Handle shear strength test, direct shear test

THEORY
The general relationship between maximum shearing resistance, f and
normal stress, n for soils can be represented by the equation and known as
Coulombs Law:

f c tan
where:
c

= cohesion, which is due to internal forces holding soil


particles together in a solid mass

= friction, which is due to the interlocking of the particles and


the friction between them when subjected to normal stress
The friction components increase with increasing normal stress but the
cohesion components remains constant. If there is no normal stress the friction

disappears. This relationship is shown in Figure 1. This graph generally


approximates to a straight line, its inclination to the horizontal axis being equal to
the angle of shearing resistance of the soil, and its intercept on the vertical
(shear stress) axis being the apparent cohesion, denoted by c.

Figure 1: Shear stress versus normal stress

4.0

TEST EQUIPMENTS
1. Shear box carriage
2. Loading pad
3. Perforated plate
4. Porous plate
5. Retaining plate

Figure 2: Shearbox carriage


Figure 3: Loading pad, Perforated plate,
Porous plate, Retaining plate

5.0

PROCEDURES
1.

The internal measurement is verified by using the vernier calipers. The


length of the sides, L and the overall depth, B.

2.

The base plate is fixed inside the shear box. Then porous plate is put on
the base plate. Next, perforated grid plate is fitted over porous so that the
grid plates should be at right angles to the direction shear.

3.

Two halves of the shear box is fixed by means of fixing screws

4.

For cohesive soils, the soil sample is transferred from square specimen
cutter to the shearbox by pressing down on the top grid plate. For sandy
soil, soil is compacted in layers to the required density in shear box

5.

The shear box assembly is mounted on the loading frame

6.

The dial is set of the proving ring to zero

7.

The loading yoke is placed on the loading pad and the hanger is lifted
carefully onto the top of the loading yoke.

8.

The correct loading is then applied to the hanger pad.

9.

The screws clamping the upper half to the lower half is carefully removed.

10.

The test is conducted by applying horizontal shear load to failure. Rate


strain should be 0.2mm/min

11.

record readings of horizontal and force dial gauges at regular intervals.

12.

Finally the test is conducted on three identical soil samples under different
vertical compressive strsses, 1.75 kg, 2.5 kg and 3.25 kg

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