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Coldfire Assembly Language

This document provides a guide for writing assembly code for the NetBurner ColdFire platform. It outlines basic rules for parameter passing, accessing global variables, and calling functions from assembly code. It also provides examples of simple assembly functions for incrementing a value, subtracting values, and copying strings. The document explains how to include assembly code inline in C/C++ files or in a separate assembly file. It concludes by listing references for further reading on ColdFire assembly programming.

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426 views9 pages

Coldfire Assembly Language

This document provides a guide for writing assembly code for the NetBurner ColdFire platform. It outlines basic rules for parameter passing, accessing global variables, and calling functions from assembly code. It also provides examples of simple assembly functions for incrementing a value, subtracting values, and copying strings. The document explains how to include assembly code inline in C/C++ files or in a separate assembly file. It concludes by listing references for further reading on ColdFire assembly programming.

Uploaded by

Negru P. Plantatie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Writing Assembly Code for the

NetBurner ColdFire Platform

Revision 1.0
January 24, 2007
Released

Table of Contents

Introduction

Basic Rules

Parameter Passing

Simple Examples

Increment Function

Subtraction Function

Passing in Pointer-Type Parameters

Accessing Global Variables

Calling Another Function

Inline or as a Separate File

Inline Assembly

Separate Assembly File

ColdFire Assembly Programming References

Introduction
So you want to write some assembly code for the NetBurner ColdFire platform. This is
not meant to be a complete guide to assembly language programming for the ColdFire,
but a minimal guide to get started. If you would like more information on assembly
language programming for the ColdFire, then you can find references to a couple of
books at the end of this document.
Basic Rules

Parameters are passed on the stack.


You can modify D0, D1, A0, A1, and the SR registers. Any other registers must
be restored before returning.
Return values are passed in D0.
Functions must end with rts.

Parameter Passing
When a function is called, any input parameters are passed on the stack. The return
address is then passed on the stack. The stack is stored in register A7.

Simple Examples
Increment Function
Suppose we want to write the following function:
int inc( int i )
{
return i + 1;
}

In assembly, it would be written as the following:


.global inc
inc:
move.l %a7@(4),%d0
addq.l #1,%d0
rts

// Get the first parameter

Subtraction Function
Suppose we have two parameters:
int sub( int a, int b )
{
return a - b;
}

a is the first parameter and it will be closest on the stack, followed by b being the next
closest, etc...
.global sub
sub:
move.l %a7@(4),%d0
move.l %a7@(8),%d1
sub.l %d1,%d0
rts

// Value of a
// Value of b

Passing in Pointer-Type Parameters


Suppose one or more of the parameters are pointers:
void asmstrcpy( char *dest, const char *source );
.global asmstrcpy
asmstrcpy:
move.l %a7@(4),%a0
move.l %a7@(8),%a1
asm_loop:
move.b %a1@+,%d0
move.b %d0,%a0@+
bne asm_loop
rts

// Get the first parameter


// Get the second parameter
// Load char and increment address ptr
// Store char and increment address ptr

Accessing Global Variables


DWORD getsecs( void );

The following accesses the global variable Secs:


.global getsecs
.extern Secs
getsecs:
move.l Secs,%d0
rts

// Define the global variable to access

Calling Another Function


It is easy if the function being called takes no parameters:
.extern other_function
jsr other_function

If the function being called takes parameters, then you must pass them clean up after
yourself when the function returns.
Take the following test function for example:
void ShowParams( int P1, int P2 )
{
iprintf( "P1 = %08x or %d
P2 = %08x or %d\r\n", P1, P1, P2, P2 );
}

Then call it from assembly language:


.global TestAsmCall
.extern ShowParams
TestAsmCall:
move.l #1,%d0
move.l %d0,%a7@move.l #2,%d0
move.l %d0,%a7@jsr ShowParams
addq.l #8,%a7
rts

// Push the second parameter on the stack


// Push the first parameter on the stack
// Take the parameters back off the stack

Inline or as a Separate File


You have been shown some simple code, but have not yet defined how to get it into your
program. You can do it in two ways: as inline assembly or as a separate assembly file.
Inline Assembly
Below is a project that defines all of the functions above as inline assembly. Note that the
functions must be declared as extern C so that C++ can find them. Also note that all the
functions must "live" someplace and that they are all defined in a function named
Holderfunc (the name of this function does not matter).

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

"predef.h"
<stdio.h>
<ctype.h>
<startnet.h>
<autoupdate.h>
<dhcpclient.h>
<bsp.h>

extern "C" {
void UserMain( void *pd );
}
const char *AppName = "ftest";
extern "C" {
int inc( int i );
int sub( int a, int b );
void asmstrcpy( char *dest, const char *source );
DWORD getsecs( void );
void ShowParams( int P1, int P2 );
void TestAsmCall();
}
void ShowParams( int P1, int P2 ) {
iprintf( "P1 = %08x or %d
P2 = %08x or %d\r\n", P1, P1, P2, P2 );
}
void Holderfunc() {
/* inc function */
asm(".global inc
asm("inc:
asm("
move.l %a7@(4),%d0
asm("
addq.l #1,%d0
asm("
rts

");
");
"); // Get the first parameter
");
");

/* sub function */
asm(".global sub
asm("sub:
asm("
move.l %a7@(4),%d0
asm("
move.l %a7@(8),%d1
asm("
sub.l %d1,%d0
asm("
rts

");
");
"); // Get the first parameter
"); // Get the second parameter
");
");

/* asmstrcpy function */
asm(".global asmstrcpy
asm("asmstrcpy:
asm("
move.l %a7@(4),%a0
asm("
move.l %a7@(8),%a1
asm("asm_loop:
asm("
move.b %a1@+,%d0
asm("
move.b %d0,%a0@+
asm("
bne asm_loop

");
");
");
");
");
");
");
");

// Get the first parameter


// Get the second parameter
// Load char & increment address ptr
// Store char & increment address ptr

asm("

rts

");

/* getsecs function */
asm(".global getsecs
asm(".extern Secs
asm("getsecs:
asm("
move.l Secs,%d0
asm("
rts

");
"); // Define global variable to access
");
");
");

/* TestAsmCall function */
asm(".global TestAsmCall
asm(".extern ShowParams
asm("TestAsmCall:
asm("
move.l #1,%d0
asm("
move.l %d0,%a7@asm("
move.l #2,%d0
asm("
move.l %d0,%a7@asm("
jsr ShowParams
asm("
addq.l #8,%a7
asm("
rts

");
");
");
");
"); // Push 2nd parameter on the stack
");
"); // Push 1st parameter on the stack
");
"); // Take parameters back off the stack
");

}
void UserMain( void *pd ) {
// Set up the TCP/IP stack buffers, etc...
InitializeStack();
// Get a DHCP address if needed. You may want to add a check for the
// return value from this function. See the function definition in
// \Nburn\include\dhcpclient.h.
GetDHCPAddressIfNecessary();
// Change our priority from highest to something in the middle.
OSChangePrio( MAIN_PRIO );
// Enable the ability to update code over the network.
EnableAutoUpdate();
iprintf( "Application started\n" );
char buffer[20];

while ( 1 )
{
OSTimeDly( 20 );
iprintf( "inc(25) = %ld\r\n", inc( 25 ) );
iprintf( "sub(5,4) = %ld\r\n", sub( 5, 4 ) );
asmstrcpy( buffer, "Test" );
iprintf( "buffer[%s]\r\n", buffer );
iprintf( "getsecs = %ld, Secs = %ld\r\n", getsecs(), Secs );
TestAsmCall();
}

Separate Assembly File


To put your assembly code in a separate file, put it all in a file ending with a ".s"
extension such as "myasm.s", and then add it to the ASRCS area of your makefile like
this:
ASRCS := myasm.s

The "myasm.s" file:


/********** Start of myasm.s **********/
.text
/* inc function */
.global inc
inc:
move.l %a7@(4),%d0
addq.l #1,%d0
rts
/* sub function */
.global sub
sub:
move.l %a7@(4),%d0
move.l %a7@(8),%d1
sub.l %d1,%d0
rts

/* Get the first parameter */

/* Get the first parameter */


/* Get the second parameter */

/* asmstrcpy function */
.global asmstrcpy
asmstrcpy:
move.l %a7@(4),%a0
/*
move.l %a7@(8),%a1
/*
asm_loop:
move.b %a1@+,%d0
/*
move.b %d0,%a0@+
/*
bne asm_loop
rts
/* getsecs function */
.global getsecs
.extern Secs
getsecs:
move.l Secs,%d0
rts

Get the first parameter */


Get the second parameter */
Load char and increment address pointer */
Store char and increment address pointer */

/* Define the global variable to access */

/* TestAsmCall function */
.global TestAsmCall
.extern ShowParams
TestAsmCall:
move.l #1,%d0
move.l %d0,%a7@/* Push the second parameter on the stack */
move.l #2,%d0
move.l %d0,%a7@/* Push the first parameter on the stack */

jsr ShowParams
addq.l #8,%a7
rts

/* Take the parameters back off the stack */

/********** End of myasm.s **********/

ColdFire Assembly Programming References


ColdFire Family Programmer's Reference Manual - Revision 3. Motorola, 8 Mar. 2005.
Ford and William Topp. Assembly Language and Systems Programming for the M68000
Family - Second Edition. Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company. 1992.

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