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Solid State Battery

SOLID STATE BATTERY POWER

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Armandinho Cavero
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121 views3 pages

Solid State Battery

SOLID STATE BATTERY POWER

Uploaded by

Armandinho Cavero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B AT T E RY

Solid State Batteries Power


Medical Sensors and Instruments
By Steve Grady, Cymbet
New Solutions for Powering Medical Devices
Small medical sensors and surgical instruments are rapidly becoming
intelligent and therefore they must be powered - often using miniature
rechargeable batteries. Integrated batteries must have several key
properties in order to insure safe operation and protect patient health.
New solid state batteries have been introduced that are uniquely fabricated using standard semiconductor manufacturing processes and
packaging techniques.
In order to meet the requirements of new medical sensors and smart
instruments, several factors must be considered:
Innovative battery packaging and connectivity options must be
available
Integrated batteries must be completely non-cytotoxic
Batteries must be unaffected by heat-sterilization processes
Various battery charging methods, including Energy Harvesting
may be used
Size: medical sensing technologies are becoming millimeter-scale
Innovative Battery Packaging and Connectivity
Solid state batteries have the same handling and die attach mechanisms as the integrated circuits found in medical electronic devices.
This makes solid state batteries ideal for co-packaging with other ICs
to create advanced Systems-in-Package (SIP) devices. An example
of the use of a solid state battery wire bond attachment in an IC stack
is shown in Figure 1:

Using Solid State Batteries that are 100% Non-cytotoxic


Insuring medical product safety is absolutely critical and integrating
traditional batteries into products in the past has been a problem.
There are many medical applications where solid state batteries will
be used either in vitro or in vivo applications. Recently, rechargeable
solid state batteries have successfully-passed biological safety tests
in both in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility feasibility studies. During
these procedures, bare die batteries were crushed and combined into
a saline solution and tested in various test conditions.
In-Vitro Battery Biocompatibility Testing
The biocompatibility of the solid state batteries was evaluated using
the following in vitro test methods:
Cytotoxicity: Medium Eluate Method (MEM) - 1x CMEM Cell
Growth Medium Extract
Cytotoxicity: Agar Diffusion - Solid Sample
In these tests, a gamma sterilized Cymbet CBC005-BDC 5A-hr
EnerChip was found to be non-cytotoxic (0% cell lysis) using both
the Medium Eluate Method Eluation Test and Agar Diffusion Test feasibility screening procedures. The lack of any adverse biological
responses in these very sensitive in vitro cell culture assays is indicative (although not a guarantee) of biocompatible test results in the
other in vitro and in vivo aspects of biocompatibility as suggested by
both the EN ISO 10993-1:2009 Biological Evaluation of Medical
Devices - Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management
process and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Blue Book
Memorandum No. G95-1 (1995) guidelines, and is therefore another
excellent reason for performing these specific and very sensitive
tests.
In-Body 0% Toxicity Test Results
One of the most rigorous ways to test the intrinsic biological safety of
a solid state battery is to inject crushed bare die into in vivo test settings. Crushing the battery replicates the catastrophic destruction of
an EnerChip-powered implanted medical device. In this traumatic
scenario, the solid state battery materials would be exposed directly
to the in vivo setting. The results showed no harmful histological
effects on the exposed tissues.

Figure 1: Solid State Battery wire bond attachment in IC stack


The rechargeable solid state battery is the second layer and wire
bonds to the Vout and GND pads are shown. This device stack is the
real implementation used in the Intraocular Pressure Sensor
described later in this article. Solid state batteries are also available
packaged in standard plastic DFN semiconductor packages that ship
on tape and reel for simple, conventional surface mounting and
reflow solder on a printed circuit board.

52

Bodos Power Systems

Meeting Additional Battery Standards and Regulations


There are also many global environmental and safety standards and
directives that cover batteries. Solid state batteries are the ideal solution as they address: RoHS, China RoHS, REACH, CE Mark, ULUnderwriters Laboratory, JEDEC IC Packaging Standards, IEC,
NEMA/ANSI, UN Air Safety Regulations, WEEE Directive, Battery
Directive, MSDS and OSHA Information, End-of-Life Disposal Instructions and Biocompatibility Standards.
Applications in Medical Device and Food Sterilization
Process temperatures such as those reached in autoclaves used in
medical device and food sterilization are generally not suitable for
devices containing batteries. Temperatures reaching 137 C are com-

October 2013

www.bodospower.com

2013
35th International
Telecommunications
Energy Conference

SMART POWER AND EFFICIENCY

13 17 October 2013 Hamburg, Germany

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www.intelec2013.org
organized by

ITG /

in cooperation with

B AT T E RY

mon in sterilization equipment depicted in Figure 2, and can be catastrophic to conventional batteries containing volatile solvents and
other additives. Yet, there are many smart medical devices and
instruments that must be processed through sterilization equipment
and processes that utilize integrated batteries. Such devices include
surgical tools with embedded RFID tags; implantable sensors; and
temperature sensors in the equipment for enabling more precise temperature control of the equipment and contents being sterilized.
Moreover, it is often essential that such sensors and RFID tags be
hermetically isolated from the environment to prevent moisture
ingress to the device or to prevent outgassing from the device to the
environment, such as an autoclave or, in the case of implantable sensors, the human body. To insure a device a device is hermetic, it is
very beneficial to use a hermetically sealed battery such as the Cymbet EnerChip solid state battery.

Millimeter-scale Intraocular Pressure Sensor


An example of a small millimeter scale Intra Ocular Pressure Sensor
created to monitor the eye health of Glaucoma patients is shown in
Figure 3. Several new concepts were combined to realize a tiny,
intelligent sensor powered autonomously for the device life using
ambient energy harvesting.
Energy harvesting techniques are used in large scale applications
like solar panel installations and wind farms, but can also be used in
extremely small scale devices. In this millimeter-scale example, light
is converted to electricity, stored in the rechargeable solid state battery and delivered to the sensor system. There are no traditional batteries to maintain and replace, and devices can be placed anywhere.
A University of Michigan paper that describes the background of this
device can be found here: http://www.cymbet.com/content/productsembedded-energy.asp
Using Energy Harvesting to Power the Intra Ocular Pressure
Sensor
The IOP sensor shown in the Figure 3 photo is depicted diagrammatically in Figure 4. The device is a four layer stack encapsulated in a
bio-compatible glass enclosure. The first layer is the MEMS pressure
sensor, the second layer is a 1Ah rechargeable Cymbet EnerChip
solid state battery. A processor, with memory, power management
and sensor A/D converter, sits on the EnerChip as the third layer.
The top layer is the solar cell and wireless transceiver. All the layers
are wire-bonded together to provide electrical connectivity.

Figure 2: Smart Medical Instrument Sterilization Equipment


Space-restrained medical devices require a small power source that
occupies little volume and needs no external components (holder or
socket) in order to maintain a rugged connection that will not break,
separate, or corrode in harsh medical environments. Practically, apart
from solid state batteries, such storage devices do not exist. Solid
state batteries can be used in bare die form with solder bumps or
wire bonds, or in low profile surface mount packages with or without
integrated battery management, and can be recharged easily using,
for example, inductive near field charging. Just as importantly, solid
state batteries can tolerate the high temperatures found in autoclaves
and similar equipment.

Figure 4: IOPM Layers Block Diagram


Innovating New Medical Devices Using Solid State Batteries
In order to power the next generation of miniature intelligent medical
sensors and instruments, solid state batteries are the correct choice.
These rechargeable batteries provide the safety, size, integration,
and connectivity functions required to bring successful new products
to market. Moreover, all the attributes that make them ideal for medical devices can be leveraged in many other types of miniature electronic products, such as small Internet of Things environmental sensors. For more information, and to register to win a solid state battery evaluation kit please, go to:

www.cymbet.com

Figure 3: Intra Ocular Pressure Sensor (courtesy of University of


Michigan)

54

Bodos Power Systems

October 2013

www.bodospower.com

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