Scribd
Upload
883 views13 pages

Directional Overcurrent Relay-Qnowledge

The directional overcurrent relay defines the direction of fault and helps trace faults precisely. It uses voltage and current inputs, with voltage as the reference at 0 degrees. During a line fault at P1, the current lags voltage by 90 degrees due to line impedance, resulting in maximum torque that trips the circuit breaker. A fault at P2 would result in current leading voltage by 90 degrees and reverse torque rotation, controlled by a mechanical stop. Directional overcurrent relays are used at tie lines between sources to isolate faulty sections, with time settings to avoid overtripping. Common directional overcurrent relays made by ABB use inverse or definite time settings depending on generation stability.

Uploaded by

Le Trong Bon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
883 views13 pages

Directional Overcurrent Relay-Qnowledge

The directional overcurrent relay defines the direction of fault and helps trace faults precisely. It uses voltage and current inputs, with voltage as the reference at 0 degrees. During a line fault at P1, the current lags voltage by 90 degrees due to line impedance, resulting in maximum torque that trips the circuit breaker. A fault at P2 would result in current leading voltage by 90 degrees and reverse torque rotation, controlled by a mechanical stop. Directional overcurrent relays are used at tie lines between sources to isolate faulty sections, with time settings to avoid overtripping. Common directional overcurrent relays made by ABB use inverse or definite time settings depending on generation stability.

Uploaded by

Le Trong Bon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Directional Overcurrent Relay

The directional overcurrent relay defines the direction of fault and help in tracing
the fault as precise as possible. Basically it is called unidirectional or forward
direction relay. Let see figure and try to understand the working phenomenon of
directional Overcurrent relay.

Figure 1

There is two input of relay as voltage and current, voltage will be considered as
reference voltage here with angle zero degree.
Commonly the impedance of line is reactive in nature, when fault occurred at P1,
then fault current flow from bus 1 to bus 2, and as we knew that the impedance is of
reactive nature so the voltage in circuit lead the current by 90 degree.
Let see one figure also, this figure is trip-block figure of directional overcurrent relay.
Is the angle of current with respect voltage and is the angle difference of 2 to 8
degree, this angle difference is the difference between block and trip states of relay.
Operation condition is
-180 degree<
Otherwise (Block)

<0 degree (trip)

The contact of directional and overcurrent relay are in series, at time of faultforward (when current at secondary circuit of CT is exceed from the
Pick up value (PSM)). The breaker trip coil energize and got trip.
If the relay construction is electromagnetic
In it there is two coil on stator, one is current coil and voltage coil and there is
rotating disc, and reference voltage is
And current is

and like watt hour meter, the torque in rotating disc is;

When fault is at point P1 (figure 1), the current is lagging voltage by 90 degree and
torque is maximum, means disc rotate with maximum torque and
Energized relay tripped circuit breaker.

T=KVA cos (90-90) = KVA cos 0= KVA


But if fault will occur at point P2 (figure 1), the current lead voltage by 90 degree
and angle
is -90 degree.
T=KVA cos (-90-90) = KVA cos (-180)
This result in maximum negative torque of rotating disc (Disc rotate in reverse
direction), the movement in reverse direction will be controlled by mechanical stop.

What happened when there is two source?

The relays at B1 and B2 will be simply overcurrent relay, but relays at B12, B21, B23
and B32 should be directional overcurrent relay. These all relays should be time
delayed to avoid over looping.
Time setting:
fault
at
P1
P2
Bus 1
Bus 2
Bus 3

Directional OC relay Operate before any other


relay in loop
B21 before B23
B23 before B21
B1 and B21
B12 and B32
B3 and B23

Relays in use (Protection Market)


We are taking example of one of the directional overcurrent relay made by ABB for
feeder protection, I quote some detail from its manual-instruction.
I am quoting ABB overcurrent Directional Relay for phase and ground fault
detection in transmission line.

Type CR,CP,CRC and CRD type ABB relay are used to isolate faulty area when
current in given direction in it is exceed from predetermined value (PMS), and CRQ
type is used for tracinf of ground faults. The directional unit operate on negative
sequence current and overcurrent operate on residual current in ground.

When generation is fixed and fault current is large or small due to line and location
then inverse time characteristics in relay used, but with fluctuated generation the
definite time relay characteristics is used.
In this relay basically three tap settings are given.
Lower starts from 0.5 to 2.5 Amperes (ground faults)
Medium (2-6A) and high (4-12A) is for high value of fault current.
Example:

In it when fault occur at M, the relay with 0.35sec will operate before 0.85 TMS relay
and isolate the faulty section from circuit.
If fault occur at C substation, the relay with TMS of 0.35 tripped breaker before 0.6
TMS relay.
External Wiring diagram:
Star
Connected

The 67 is directional relay unit connected with parallel connected PT (star with
earth) and series connected with CT (star with earth)

Material Reference:

ABB Manuals
Power system Analysis: J. Duncan Glover

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy