Parts of a proposal

Proposals for sponsored activities generally follow a similar format, although there are variations
depending upon whether the proposer is seeking support for a research grant, a training grant, or
a conference or curriculum development project. The following outline covers the primary
components of a research proposal. Your proposal will be a variation on this basic theme.
1. Title Page: Most sponsoring agencies specify the format for the title page, and some
provide special forms to summarize basic administrative and fiscal data for the project.
Titles should be comprehensive enough to indicate the nature of the proposed work, but
also be brief.
2. Abstract: The funder may use the abstract to make preliminary decisions about the
proposal. An effective summary states the problem addressed by the applicant, identifies
the solution, and specifies the objectives and methods of the project. This summary
should also outline funding requirements and describe the applicants expertise.
3. Table of Contents: Very brief proposals with few sections ordinarily do not need a table
of contents; the guiding consideration in this is the reader's convenience. Long and
detailed proposals may require, in addition to a table of contents, a list of illustrations (or
figures) and a list of tables. If all of these are included, they should follow the order
mentioned, and each should be numbered with lower-case Roman numerals. The table of
contents should list all major parts and divisions (including the abstract, even though it
precedes the table of contents).
4. Introduction (including Statement of Problem, Purpose of Research, and Significance of
Research): The introduction of a proposal should begin with a capsule statement of what
is being proposed and then should proceed to introduce the subject to a stranger. It should
give enough background to enable an informed layman to place your particular research
problem in a context of common knowledge and should show how its solution will
advance the field or be important for some other work. The statement describes the
significance of the problem(s), referring to appropriate studies or statistics.
5. Background (including Literature Survey): Be sure to (1) make clear what the research
problem is and exactly what has been accomplished; (2) to give evidence of your own
competence in the field; and (3) to show why the previous work needs to be continued.
The literature review should be selective and critical. Discussions of work done by others
should therefore lead the reader to a clear impression of how you will be building upon
what has already been done and how your work differs from theirs.
6. Description of Proposed Research (including Method or Approach): The
comprehensive explanation of the proposed research is addressed not to laymen but to
other specialists in your field. This section is the heart of the proposal and is the primary

concern of the technical reviewers. Remember as you lay out the research design to (1) be
realistic about what can be accomplished. (2) be explicit about any assumptions or
hypotheses the research method rests upon. (3) be clear about the focus of the research.
(4) be as detailed as possible about the schedule of the proposed work. (5) be specific
about the means of evaluating the data or the conclusions. (6) be certain that the
connection between the research objectives and the research method is evident. (7) spell
out preliminary work developing an analytical method or laying groundwork as Phase 1.
At the end of that phase you will be able to report that you have accomplished something
and are ready to undertake Phase 2.
7. Description of Relevant Institutional Resources: In general this section details the
resources available to the proposed project and, if possible, shows why the sponsor
should select this University and this investigator for this particular research. Some
relevant points may be the institution's demonstrated competence in the pertinent research
area, its abundance of experts in related areas that may indirectly benefit the project, its
supportive services that will directly benefit the project, and its unique or unusual
research facilities or instruments available to the project.
8. List of References: The style of the bibliographical item itself depends on the
disciplinary field. The main consideration is consistency; whatever style is chosen should
be followed scrupulously throughout.
9. Personnel: This section usually consists of two parts: an explanation of the proposed
personnel arrangements and the biographical data sheets for each of the main contributors
to the project. The explanation should specify how many persons at what percentage of
time and in what academic categories will be participating in the project. If the program
is complex and involves people from other departments or colleges, the organization of
the staff and the lines of responsibility should be made clear. Any student participation,
paid or unpaid, should be mentioned, and the nature of the proposed contribution
detailed. If any persons must be hired for the project, say so, and explain why, unless the
need for persons not already available within the University is self-evident.
10. Budget: Sponsors customarily specify how budgets should be presented and what costs
are allowable. The budget delineates the costs to be met by the funding source, including
personnel, non-personnel, administrative, and overhead expenses. The budget also
specifies items paid for by other funding sources. Includes justifications for requested
expenditures.

Research Proposal On: Customer Perception, Satisfaction and Knowledge

of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh.

Course No: BUS 502

Course Title: Research Methods in Business

Course Instructor: SHANTI NARAYAN GHOSH

Professor of Accounting and Director Research, Faculty of Business,
Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT).
Submitted By:
Md. Enayetul Kabir (Program: MBA Evening)
Abstract
This proposal is originated in result of my BUS 502 (Research Methods in Business) course
which I have done as a requirement of MBA program. This is the proposal to Customer
perception, satisfaction and knowledge of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh. The objective of this
study will be to analyze the customers perception and Knowledge regarding Islamic banking
services. To prepare this report both primary and secondary sources of data will be used. While
choosing a banking service the customers are some specific factors to differentiate the services of
both banking systems. Religious view, risk factor, reference groups, convenient location,
educational qualification, relationship with other banks, all these factors are having impact on the
decision making process of the customers. Though the religious appeal has the utmost priority to
the customers, the other factors are also having important roles while choosing the services. The
level of impact these factors are having on the customers mind also varies depending on some
other factors. It can be said that all these factors are interrelated and are interacting with each
other to help the customers to choose the best possible options and in most of the cases are
ending up with a positive perception in the customers mind regarding these services. The study
will be discuss some parameters such as the usage of conventional and Islamic banking facilities,
respondents understanding of Islamic banking system, and their personal opinion on various
aspects of Islamic banking products. This research work will be steered to measure the
perceptions and knowledge of customers in both Islamic banks and conventional banks offering
Islamic products and services and the potential of Islamic banking in Bangladesh. Questionnaire
method will be used to collect data from 300 individual customers in the Islamic bank located in
Dhaka city. Result of this research will determine that customers have positive perception
towards Islamic banking or not and they have sufficient or lack of knowledge about Islamic
banking as well as their satisfaction level. This study will shows that even the Islamic banks are
restricted by Islamic views in theirs processes, still they are equally competing with conventional
banks or not and the growth rate of Islamic banking in Bangladesh is increasing or decreasing
day-by-day. Primary data will be collected through questionnaires and will analyze using
statistical equation, Ms-excel, SPSS, test applied will be correlation.
Problem Statement
Islamic banking initially established to cater for the needs of Muslims customers, as Muslims are

obliged to obey the Shariah principles (Islamic Jurisprudence) in all aspects of life.
Though Islamic banking is not a very old concept, it is experiencing a rapid growth and now
competing head to head with conventional banking system. In Bangladesh it seems to have a
good future prospect and the banks are trying to tap this market by offering services to the
customers based on Islamic Sahriah principles. While choosing a banking service the customers
are some specific factors to differentiate the services of both banking systems. Religious view,
risk factor, reference groups, convenient location, educational qualification, relationship with
other banks, all these factors are having impact on the decision making process of the customers.
Though the religious appeal has the utmost priority to the customers, the other factors are also
having important roles while choosing the services. The level of impact these factors are having
on the customers mind also varies depending on some other factors that will be discussed in the
paper. Finally it can be said that all these factors are interrelated and are interacting with each
other to help the customers to choose the best possible options and in most of the cases are
ending up with a positive perception in the customers mind regarding these services.
Research Objective
The purposes of this research proposal are:
To measure the level of customer satisfaction with different products/services offered by the
Islamic banks.
Customers knowledge of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh.
Customers perception about the Islamic Banking in Bangladesh.
To study the awareness and usage of various Islamic bank products/services among Islamic
bank customers in Bangladesh.
To find out the bank selection criteria of Islamic bank customers in Bangladesh.
How much Customers are interested to know about Islamic Banking.
Research Hypotheses
Accordingly, following are the hypothesis to be tested for this study:
H1: Customers perception and knowledge level is significant that make them toward the Islamic
Banking.
H2: Customers are satisfied with various Islamic bank products/services
H3: Bank selection criteria of Islamic bank customers are under Islamic view rather than
reputation.
H4: The better compliance with Islamic rules, the higher is the customer satisfaction.
H5: The more competitive the core banking is, the higher is the customer satisfaction.
H6: The feasible the cost-benefit ratio; higher is the customer satisfaction.
Literature Review
In any service industries, it is important to investigate customers awareness and usage in
investigating customer behavior. The assessment of customers awareness and usage of
products/service has become more important as today Islamic banks must not rely solely on
religious factors as a strategy to secure customers allegiances but they should also emphasize

providing quality and efficient product and services (Dusuki & Abdullah, 2007).
In a service business like banking perception of quality emerge from both awareness and usage
of the products/service. The reason is that unlike the quality of tangible products, quality of
banking products/services depends on customers experience with products/service. Banking
products/services are experienced while they are produced (Cronin & Taylor, 1992; Metawa &
Almossawi, 1998; Taylor, Steven, & Baker, 1994). In turn, service quality is highly related to
(even though not equivalent to) customer satisfaction. Given the importance of awareness and
usage in shaping customer behavior, Metawa and Almossawi (1998) measured customer
awareness and usage of various Islamic bank products/services in context of Bahrain.
Rashid, Hassan and Ahmad (2010) conducted a study on perception of customers towards
domestic Islamic banks in Bangladesh. They examined six critical elements, namely corporate
efficiency, compliance with Islamic rules, convenience, core banking, confidence, and cost
benefit. This study found that customers are highly satisfied with corporate efficiency and
compliance with Islamic rules as substantial factors for them to choose their intended service. In
the case of Malaysia, Dusuki and Abdullah (2006) studied several critical reasons why Malaysian
customers patronize Islamic banks and measured the elements of reputation, service delivery,
product price, and social responsibility of Islamic banks. The study found that a combination of
Islamic and financial reputation and service quality are the main patronage factors.
Specifically, among corporate customers, Ahmad and Harun (2002) conducted a study to
examine their perception towards Islamic banking in Malaysia. They examined factors such as
the usage of banking facilities, respondents understanding of Islamic banking concept and
practices, and personal opinions towards Islamic banking. They found that cost of the products
and services is the most important factor perceived by corporate customers in selecting their
banks. Similarly, Rustam et al. (2011) discussed three main parameters to determine the
perception of corporate customers towards Islamic banking in Pakistan. They examined factors
such as the usage of conventional and Islamic banking facilities, respondents understanding of
Islamic banking system, and their personal opinion on various aspects of Islamic banking
products like economic and religious view. They found that the Islamic banking industry has
good potential within the Pakistani corporate sector.
Instead of the Islamic banks customers, few studies conducted to determine perception of
bankers and students towards Islamic banking. For example, a research conducted by Zainol and
Shaari (2008) on bankers perception towards Islamic banking in both Islamic and conventional
banks. In their study, they have included several critical factors, namely Islamic products and
services, the training and experience, and the potential of Islamic banking in Malaysia. The result
revealed that bankers in Islamic banks have more positive perceptions towards Islamic banking
as compared to bankers in conventional banks. Bley and Kuehn (2004) focused on students
knowledge and perception towards conventional and Islamic finance in United Arab Emirates
(UAE). This study investigated the elements of financial knowledge, religion and language on
self-reported attitudes and preferences for financial services and found that students knowledge
on conventional banking terms and concepts was higher than Islamic banking terminology.
However, students with higher academic achievement showed a better response towards

understanding Islamic banking concepts and practices.

In case of retail banking, Thambiah et al. (2011) studied customers perception and preference on
Islamic Retail Banking (IRB). They examined the difference in terms of awareness, perception,
and preferences on IRB between the urban and rural banking customers of Malaysia. The study
found that there is a significant difference in terms of awareness and on perceived complexity,
uncertainty, and observability. There also seem to be some variations for returns, loan repayment
period, service charges, and overdraft facilities.
In almost every industry, customers are becoming ever more demanding, and in most markets
customers have more options to choose from than ever before. Fornell (1992), upon a study on
Swedish customers assert that although customer satisfaction and quality appear to be important
for all firms, satisfaction is more important for loyalty in industries such as banks, insurance,
mail order, and automobiles.
Customer satisfaction is the feeling or attitude of a consumer toward a product/service after it has
been used (Metawa & Almossawi, 1998; Wells & Prensky, 1996). In the context of services,
according to Naser, Jamal, and Al-Khatib (1999) customer satisfaction is often related to factors
such as service quality and service features (for example, convenience, competitiveness, and
location of service provider). Researchers have placed emphasis on customer satisfaction in
banks, and asserted that banks must focus on understanding the needs, attitudes, satisfactions and
behavioral patterns of the market to compete successfully in todays competitive marketplace
(Cohen et al., 2006; Kaynak et al., 1992). A number of other researches also asserted increasing
emphasis on increasing customer satisfaction and customer retention through improved quality
of their services (File & Prince, 1992; Goode & Moutinho, 1996; Levesque & McDougall, 1996;
Naser et al., 1999).
Holliday (1996) stated that banking is one of the many service industries where customer
satisfaction has been an increasing focus of research. The reason is that competition in the
banking sector is increasingly growing. Wilson (1995) particularly identified the importance of
customer satisfaction in the Islamic banks and stated that today Islamic banking is no longer a
business entity serving religious obligations. The customers of Islamic banking rather include a
wide array of people cutting across various religions.
Kaynak and Harcar (2004) also added that managing service quality in a commercial bank is
rather challenging because so much depends on how well the bank employees (internal
customers) respond to the needs and expectations of the customers. Bank customers, in most
cases, evaluate commercial banks on the bank employee dimension when they place a heavy
emphasis on positive staff attitude, knowledgeable staff, friendliness of bank personnel,
employee professionalism, courtesy of personnel, and timely employee responses to
correspondence. Arasli, Katircioglu, and Mehtap-Smadi (2005) asserted that customer contact
personnel played a vital role in the delivery of high quality service.
Following a similar study conducted by Metwa and Almossawi (1998), the current study
measured customer satisfaction with various products/services of Islamic banks, and with four
basic elements of the service delivery system of Islamic bank: employees, physical facilities of
the bank, location, and evening (late) banking hours. These criteria (i.e., satisfaction with

products/services and satisfaction with basic service delivery elements) tend to cover a broad
array of factors to be considered for customer satisfaction in a service industry like Islamic
banking.
Although the religious dimension plays an important role in banking selection, quality and
attractiveness of offerings is also perceived as significantly important for the customers to
patronize Islamic banking. Since some previous research indicated that religion is no longer the
main factor in attracting customers, Islamic banks should recognize that customers view them
just like any other commercial bank (Haron et al., 1994). Thus the quality of service and the
products and services offered must be comparable with those offered by the commercial banks.
Mokhlis, Nik Mat and Salleh (2008) studied on the commercial bank selection among
undergraduate students in Malaysia found the secure feelings as the most important factor to
patronize bank, followed by ATM services, financial benefit, service provision, proximity and the
branch location. Non-people influential, attractiveness and people influence considered to be not
significant factors in influencing their decision in selecting bank. However, Kaynak and
Whiteley (1999) stressed on interaction orientation such as fast and efficient service to be the
major factor of customers patronization.
In another study by Ahmed, Rehman and Safwan (2010) found service quality has significant
influences on customer satisfaction in the case of Islamic and conventional banking, while the
magnitude of effect is greater in Islamic banking as compared to conventional banking. Their
study on the perception of satisfaction among bank customers with the existence of two banking
systems in Pakistan found that customers of Islamic banks were more satisfied as compared to
customers of conventional banks. A study conducted by Metawa and Almossawi (1998) on
banking behavior of Islamic banking customers and found that most customers were highly
satisfied with the products and services of Islamic banks. The researchers then suggested that
bankers should develop professionalism and competency to maintain profitable relations with
customers.
In Malaysia, a study conducted among commercial banks customers by Haron et al. (1994) found
three critical factors that influence customers bank selection. These factors are fast and efficient
service, speed of transaction, and friendly bank personnel. Similarly, Dusuki and Abdullah
(2006) determined the importance of service quality to attract more customers and they
explained that Islamic banks can no longer depend on promoting the Islamic factor but also
service quality. They ranked knowledgeable and competent personnel as the most important
factor for banking selection criteria of Islamic bank, followed by friendly personnel, customer
service quality, Islamic reputation and image, and Islamic reputation. Among Muslim customers
of Islamic bank, Rashid et al. (2008) found the higher demand of Islamic banking products and
services requires existence of superior quality in service, beside the efficiency in system, strict
compliance to Shari`ah and satisfactory community service through job creation and ensuring
consistency in service provisions. The study further demonstrated that faster transaction system,
less cost of banking, and efficient counter management can add value to everyday volume of
transactions and simultaneously increase customer satisfaction. Similarly, Erol and El-Bdour
(1989) identified three key selection criteria perceived as important while selecting Islamic banks

among Muslim customers were fast and efficient services, reputation and confidentiality.
In another study on determinants of bank selection showed that high return to deposit holders as
the most important criteria of banking selection, followed by quality of service, availability of
ATM machine, diversity of loan facilities, confidentiality, fast and efficient service and variety of
products offered (Mahamad & Tahir, 2010). On the contrary, a study conducted by Abdullah et
al. (2012) showed the hesitancy of non-Muslim customers on the ability of Islamic banks to
improve banking facilities and products, due to lack of information provided by the banking
fraternity to the public.
From a survey in the USA, Anderson, Cox, and Fulcher (1976) found that convenience
customers selected recommendation by friends as the most important factor, followed by
location, reputation, service charges and friendliness of bank staff; whereas the service
customers ranked availability of credit as the most important factor, followed by reputation,
recommendation by friends, friendliness of staff and interest charged on loans. These
findings are supported by Tan and Chua (1986) stating that advice of friends, neighbors and
family members has a stronger influence on customers decisions, compared with other variables
in selecting financial institutions. This finding is consistent with the ethos of oriental culture
which emphasizes social and family ties. Again, Kaynak et al. (1992) reported that the banks
reputation, business hours, parking facilities, range of services, recommendations of friends and
relatives, fast and efficient service, and financial counseling services were considered as more
important by male customers than the female customers in their selection of a commercial bank
in Turkey.
In a study of Islamic Banking in Turkey by Naser et al. (1999) it was found that most of the
Muslim customers chose the Islamic bank from the religious perspective rather than features of
the bank such as location, profit and others. On the contrary, from the study on Islamic banking
in Singapore by Gerrard and Cunningham (1997), it was observed that there is no significant
difference in selection of bank between Muslims and non-Muslims. Rather, the customers had
given more priority to the other features of banking services.
Kaufman (1967) from his study of bank selection criteria in the USA found that the most
influential factors reported by households were convenient location to home or place of business,
length of bank-customers relationships and quality of services offered by the bank.
Almossawi (2001) revealed that young customers place more emphasis on factors like a banks
reputation, availability of parking space near the bank, friendliness of bank personnel and those
related to Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) such as their availability in several convenient
locations and 24-hours availability of ATM service.
The approaches of Islamic banking are distinctly different from the ones of conventional banks.
The basic principle beneath Islamic financial system is development based on partnership
(Ahmed, 2000; Chapra, 2000; Hassan and Ahmed, 2001; Wilson, 1995). Under this principle,
Islamic banks operate various deposit, loans and other commercial services for the retail and
corporate customers. A brief of these services are underscored as follows:

Source of Fund:, Name of the Service:, Description Source of Explanation:

Current Deposit: Al-Wadi`a Principle: Under this principle, banks receive the deposits with
the promise to repay them on demand by the customers and invest the fund with the customers
permission at the banks risk. Description Source of Explanation: Ahmed, Rahman and Ahmed,
2006;
Ali
and
Sarker,
1996;
IBBL,
2008.
Savings Deposit: Al-Mudaraba Principle: Banks earn exclusive rights from the customers to
manage the funds. The profit or loss is shared between customers and the banks at an agreed
upon ratio. Description Source of Explanation: Ahmed, 2000; Ahmed, Rahman and Ahmed,
2006;
Ali
and
Sarker,
1996;
IBBL,
2008.
Term Deposit: Al-Mudaraba Principle: (see saving deposit). Description Source of
Explanation:
IBBL,
2008;
Savings Bond: Al-Mudaraba Principle: (see saving deposit). Description Source of
Explanation: IBBL, 2008; Ahmed, 2000.
Use of Fund:, Name of the Service:, Description Source of Explanation:
Musharaka: Financing based on partnership where bank shares capital and managerial expertise
with the client. Profit and loss are shares based on the pre-arranged contractual terms.
Description Source of Explanation: Ahmed, 2000; Ahmed, Rahman and Ahmed, 2006; Ali and
Sarker,
1996;
IBBL,
2008;
Khan
et
al,
2008.
Mudaraba: Bank supplies the entire capital and entrepreneur will be the manager of the capital.
At the end of the venture, manager pays back entire fund to the bank along with a pre-determined
profit and any loss would be borne by the bank. Description Source of Explanation: Ahmed,
Rahman
and
Ahmed,
2006;
IBBL,
2008;
Khan
et
al,
2008.
Bai-Murabaha: (Cost-Plus Profit/Mark-up) Bank agrees to purchase for its client, client then
pays the bank at an agreed upon mark up. Bank earns profit without taking any risk because the
mark up is set based on the applicable market price of the commodity. Description Source of
Explanation:
Ahmed,
Rahman
and
Ahmed,
2006;
IBBL,
2008.
Bai-Salam: (Advance Payment-Later Delivery) Bank enters into a contract to buy any
commodity at an agreed upon price for a future delivery. It helps both the bank and the buyer of
the commodity. Description Source of Explanation: Ahmed, Rahman and Ahmed, 2006; IBBL,
2008.
Bai-Muajjal: (Credit Sale) Seller sells certain specific Shari`ah compliant goods to buyer
(bank) at an agreed fixed price payable at a certain fixed future date in lump sum or in fixed
installments. Description Source of Explanation: IBBL, 2008; Khan et al, 2008.
Ijara: (Lease Finance) Bank purchases immovable or movable properties for clients against
agreed sum of installments for a limited time period, whereas these installments are invested in
Mudaraba investment account. The entire deposited and grown up fund will be used to purchase
the property. Description Source of Explanation: Ahmed, Rahman and Ahmed, 2006;
IBBL,2008.
Hire-purchase(under Shirkatul Milk): Islamic banks share equity with the client in purchasing

some assets. The portion of the banks share is leased out to the client for use under specific
conditions (like rent) and then, the client buys the banks portion upon agreed terms. Description
Source
of
Explanation:
IBBL,
2008;
Khan
et
al,
2008.
Qard: Interest free loan assistance to needy people of the society to make them self sufficient
and to raise their income and living standard. Description Source of Explanation:Ahmed,
Rahman and Ahmed, 2006; IBBL, 2008; Khan et al, 2008.
Benefits
of
study
This study will find out the demographic profile of Islamic bank customers in Bangladesh. It can
be identify Islamic bank customers history of banking relationship in Bangladesh. Islamic Bank
management will know about the awareness and usage of various Islamic bank products/services
among Islamic bank customers in Bangladesh. It will find out if length of relationship has any
role in customers awareness of Islamic bank products/services among Islamic bank customers in
Bangladesh. It will help the management to measure the level of customer satisfaction with
different products/services offered by the Islamic banks and with various basic elements of
service delivery systems of Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The bank selection criteria of Islamic
bank customers in Bangladesh can be measured which help the management to improve the area.
It will also help to find out whether there is any relationship between the bank selection criteria
and customers demography among Islamic bank customers in Bangladesh.
Research
Design
The population of the study comprises of all the Islamic bank customers in Bangladesh. Data
required for fulfilling the objectives of the study will collected from 500 customers approached
at the counters of the following five Islamic banks in Dhaka city of Bangladesh, namely, Islami
Bank Bangladesh Ltd, Al-Arafah Islami Bank Ltd., Social Investment Bank Ltd., EXIM Bank
Ltd., Shahjalal Islamic Bank Ltd. These data selections will the major limitation of this study.
Due to various constraints, we had to confine ourselves to the Capital City. A wider geographic
distribution of our sample respondents would be an ideal one, which we may plan to explore in
our
future
research.
Sources of data: Primary data will be used for the purpose of the study. Primary data will be
collected through a questionnaire and schedule. Secondary data will be collected from different
books, publications, research studies, journals, articles, and websites if/when necessary. The data
will be collected through cluster sampling method. Primary data were collected through
questionnaires with 5 point likert scale where A = strongly disagree, B = somewhat disagree, C =
neutral,
D
=
somewhat
agree,
E
=
strongly
agree.
Questionnaire: The survey instruments for collecting the data will a questionnaire including
closed-end 20 questions. The questions are 1. You have overall knowledge in the Islamic banking
system, 2. You know about the difference between Islamic and other banks, 3. You think Islamic
banking system and others banking system is same, 4. You know about different
products/services offered by the Islamic banks, 5. You chose different products/services offered
by the Islamic banks because someone told you, 6. You prefer different products/services offered

by the Islamic banks when someone comes to take advice from you, 7. You think that the
products and services in Islamic banks are similar to the products and services of conventional
banks with the exception that the banks use different names to differentiate the products and
services, 8. Islamic banks were introduced because Muslims are prohibited to take Riba and your
perception is good about the prohibition of Riba, 9. The potentially of Islamic banking products
in Bangladesh is good, 10. The main reason you select Islamic banking products religion, 11.
Your selection criteria of Islamic bank are not only religion but also reputation12. Your selection
criteria of Islamic bank are based on their services and facilities, 13. You are satisfied about
different products/services offered by the Islamic banks, 14. You are satisfied within the
compliance with Islamic rules in Islamic banks, 15. You are satisfied about competitive the core
banking of Islamic banks, 16. You are satisfied Islamic banks cost-benefit ratio, 17. Your
awareness and usage of various Islamic bank products/services among Islamic bank is
significant, 18. You are interested to know about Islamic Banking more, 19. You think Quality
Rating of Islamic Banking Services is high, 20. You think Perceived Benefits of Islamic Banking
Services
is
high.
Data
Analysis
The data will be analyzed using statistical equation, SPSS, MS-Excel; the test applied was
Correlation Pearsons Product and Regression Model to analyze customer perception,
satisfaction and knowledge of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh.
Schedule
Task
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Total 90 days

Targeted
Literature
Proposal
Proposal
Questionnaire
Drawing
of
Pilot
Interview
Questions
Schedule
Data
collection
Data
collection
Data
analysis
Data
analysis
Calculate
Report
Report

completion
review
submission
Final
Design
sample
testing
Finalized
Interviews
start
end
start
end
Findings
preparation
submit

days
Completed
06/03/2015
13/03/2015
Completed
14/03/2015
16/03/2015
18/03/2015
20/03/2015
22/03/2015
22/04/2015
23/04/2015
23/05/2015
24/05/2015
01/06/2015
08/06/2015

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137-144.
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of
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of
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Research Proposal on The impact of working hours

(Work-life balance) and job stress on the job satisfaction
level of the junior executives of private sector in
Bangladesh: Their response to working hours (Work-life
balance) and job stress dissatisfaction.
Course No: BUS 502
Course Title: Research Methods in Business.
Course Instructor: SHANTI NARAYAN GHOSH
Professor of Accounting and Director Research, Faculty of Business, Bangladesh University of
Business & Technology (BUBT).
Abstract
The core purpose of this research proposal is to discover the level of satisfaction of the junior
executives of private sector in Bangladesh under working hours and job stress. This research
proposal is also for find out the response to dissatisfaction under overload working hours (work
life balance) and job stress. Most of the private companies are not conscious of work-life
balance, job stress and barely have any policy regarding the work-life balance issues. At this
moment, different socio-economic barriers and lack of human right awareness may support the
management for not taking this issue seriously. However, if they want to achieve their business
objectives through the development of the human resource then there is no alternative to develop
the working lives of their workforce. Management should consider the nature of business and
background of employees they have employed and customize their policies with the participation
of the employees. This research will represent the current scenario of work life balance in private
sector of Bangladesh which is adopted by the management. The data were collected keeping in
consideration features such as gender, age, executive position and tenure of job. Factors involved
are job satisfaction and work life balance with respect to flexible working conditions, work life
balance programs, employee intention to change/leave job, work pressure/stress and long
working hours. Data will be collected using primary sources. Primary data will be collected
through questionnaires and will analyze using statistical equation, Ms-excel, SPSS, test applied
will be correlation.
Problem Statement
In the new millennium, contemporary organizations are benefited from a global, diverse,
technologically savvy and highly productive workforce but it is ironic that these workforces also
find it difficult to have a good balance between their work life and family life (Siegel, Brockner,

Fishman, Post, & Garden, 2005). Work-life balance can be seen as the extent to which an
individual is equally engaged in-and equally satisfied with his or her work role and family role
(Greenhaus, Collins, & Shaw, 2003). Businesses are facing increasing demands to raise
efficiency and becoming more responsive to customers and employees. No longer is it just a
matter of remuneration and promotional prospects; job seekers are increasingly making
employment decisions on how well their current or potential workplace can support a balance
between personal lives and paid occupation. On the other hand, organizations, failing to make
their work environments flexible, are beginning to see a brain drain and loosing highly skilled
professionals to more flexible organizations (Dunne, 2007). What happens when employees like
their jobs, and when they dislike their jobs? One theoretical model, the exitvoiceloyalty
neglect framework is helpful in understanding the consequences of dissatisfaction. Frameworks
four responses, which differ along two dimensions: constructive/destructive and active/passive.
The exit response directs behavior toward leaving the organization, including looking for a new
position as well as resigning. The voice response includes actively and constructively attempting
to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors,
and undertaking some forms of union activity. The loyalty response means passively but
optimistically waiting for conditions to improve, including speaking up for the organization in
the face of external criticism and trusting the organization and its management to do the right
thing. The neglect response passively allows conditions to worsen and includes chronic
absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate (organizational behavior/
Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge.-15th ed.). The objectives of this research proposal is to
identify the status of work-life balance in private sector of Bangladesh as well as to provide some
recommendations considering the scenario of a developing country like Bangladesh and junior
executives response to work-life balance and job stress.
Research Objective
The purposes of this research proposal are:

To determine the level of satisfaction of the junior executives of private sector

in Bangladesh.

The impact of working hours (Work-life balance) and job stress on the job
satisfaction level of the junior executives.

The impact of job stress on the job satisfaction level of the junior executives.

To identify the status of work-life balance in private sector of Bangladesh.

Junior executives response to working

constructive/destructive or active/passive.

hours

(Work

life

balance):

Junior executives
active/passive.

response

to

job

stress:

constructive/destructive

or

To provide some recommendations considering the scenario of a developing

country like Bangladesh.

Research Hypotheses
Accordingly, following are the hypothesis to be tested for this study:
Hypothesis 1: There is no impact of overload working hours on junior executives job
satisfaction.
Hypothesis 2: There is no impact of job stress on employee job satisfaction.
Hypothesis 3: There is no effect of flexible working condition on employee job satisfaction.
Hypothesis 4: Junior executives response to overload working hours (Work-life balance) is
destructive and active.
Hypothesis 5: Junior executives response to job stress is constructive and active.
Literature Review
Aryee, Srinivas, and Tan (2005) and Lewis and Cooper (1999) state, changing economic trends,
demographic shifts, technological advances and competitive forces have made the work-life
balance a pertinent area of concern to scholars, individuals and organizations across the globe (as
cited in Baral & Bhargava, 2011, p. 220). A lot of researches have been done to identify an
acceptable definition of work-life balance; still there is a very little evidence to get an ideal
definition so far. Most of the major reviews of work-family relations either do not mention workfamily balance or mention balance but do not explicitly define the concept (Greenhaus, Collins,
& Shaw, 2003). Moreover, empirical studies that discuss balance between work and family roles
generally do not distinguish from other concepts in the work (Greenhaus, Collins, & Shaw,
2003). As Burke (2004) and Lewis at el (2007) argue, wok-life balance is a contested term
because the term balance suggest that work is not integral to life and it implies a simple tradeoff
between the two spheres as it encourages quick-fix solutions that do not address fundamental
inequalities, and that therefore shift responsibility for balancing work and home life onto
individuals (as cited in Gregory & Milner, 2009, p. 2).
Work-life balance policies and family supportive cultures have been observed in France and
Japan also (Aybars 2007, Cole 2006). There is a wide variety of work-life balance initiatives for
employees being incorporated by organizations and include flexible work hours, job sharing,

parental leave on-site child care facility and telecommuting (Hartel et al. 2007). Studies suggest
that in absence of work-life balance, employees dissatisfaction increases.
However it is found that when employees need in respect of creating a work-life balance is met
by different organizational programmes they show higher job satisfaction and organizational
commitment (Gregory and Milner 2009). A study was conducted in Pakistan by Nadeem and
Abbas, (2009) to discover the relationship among work life conflict and employee job
satisfaction at all levels of the management in public and private organizations. Findings showed
that job satisfaction at top level of management has negative correlation with family to work
interference, family to work interference and stress and job satisfaction has positive correlation
with job autonomy. Job satisfaction at the middle level of employees decreases when work life
conflict and stress increases. Job satisfaction at the lower level of employees has negative
correlation with stress and family to work interference and positive correlation with job
autonomy.
Hanglberger (2010) studied the effect of work-life balance, specifically working hours on
employees job satisfaction and finds a positive relationship between them. The same was
analyzed by Gash et al. (2010) for women in UK and Germany and the findings supported
Hanglberger studies, showing a positive effect of reduced working hours on employees life
satisfaction. Another study (Malik et al. 2010) was conducted in Pakistan to investigate the
relationship between work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intentions among medical
professionals in hospitals.
The level of employees job satisfaction increases by many factors and when employees are
satisfied with their work, they feel motivated ( Noor, 2011). The demand of employees work life
balance is increased by change in trends in the business such as change in organizations
structure, diversity of work force and female employees working in organizations. Organizations
should provide work life balance facilities to their employees so that employees can perform
their duties effectively and leads organization to the success (Parvin and Kabir, 2011).
The main message of this debate is the need for good work-life balance, on the other hand, the
debate and successive policy are frequently based on theories about work and life copied from
dull readings of empirical data or misconceptions about employee attitudes to work and life.
According to IDS (2000), the work-life balance debate presumes that individuals have too much
work rather than too little work a debilitating working hour culture is said to be persistent (as
cited in Eikhof, Warhurst, & Haunschild, 2007, p. 326). In addition, it is also claimed in some
cases, work is not just ruling but also ruining our lives (Eikhof, Warhurst, & Haunschild, 2007).
According to Fafnani and Letablier (2004), in France campaigns for reducing working time have
rallied around the phrase work less, live better (as cited in Eikhof, Warhurst, & Haunschild,
2007, p. 326).

The study of Baral and Bhargava (2011) indicates that from an organizational perspective,
involvement in family roles should not be viewed as an obstruction, since it provides
opportunities to acquire skills, knowledge and increase efficiency to perform better at work and
vice versa. As a result, organizations should make efforts to stimulate the experience of
enrichment. Greenhaus, Collins, and Shaw (2003) argue, the beneficial effects of balance are
based on the assumption of positive balance and positive balance has a more substantial positive
impact on quality of life than negative balance. They suggest that an equally high investment of
time and high association in work and family would diminish work-family conflict and stress
thereby enhancing an individuals quality of life. On the other hand, Hobson, Delunas, and Kesic
(2001) accumulated a number of long research findings based on U.S. employees and tried to
assess the outcomes of not having a proper work-life balance in organizations. The findings
include increased levels of stress and stress-related illness, higher rates of family strife,
violence and divorce, higher rates of absenteeism and turnover, reduced productivity and job
satisfaction. However, the existence of work-life balance in itself does not create difficulties and
offense within organizations; rather, in situations where there is already excessive workloads,
under-staffing, and last minute, unpredicted tasks, the existence of work-life balance is likely to
exacerbate the situations (Drew & Murtagh, 2005).
On the other hand, there are quite a few research studies on work-family conflict in developing
countries like India and Bangladesh and one of the reasons could be the lack of awareness of this
issue as well as the lack of awareness of equal employment opportunity act. According to Baral
and Bhargava (2011), a study on work-family enrichment in India would be prudent because of
its cultural roots, where people consider work as a source of earning and social status. At the
same time, for people in India, family is a social institution that provides not only emotional
support but also stands with them in times of crisis (Baral & Bhargava, 2011). The same scenario
is very much pertinent in Bangladesh.
Benefits of study
This research will provide the present scenario of working hours (Work-life balance) and job
stress of private sector in Bangladesh. The overall job satisfaction level of the junior executives
will be measured that will help private company to take a future steps for their executives,
especially for junior executives. They will understand about the impact of working hours (Worklife balance) and job stress on the job satisfaction level of the junior executives. Junior level
employees response to working hours (Work-life balance) and job stress will also find out
whether it is constructive/destructive or active/passive. So that company will understand about
companys working hours (Work-life balance) and job stress: is it overburden or not? Is it
making disturb on productivity or making dissatisfaction on employee? This research will
provide some recommendations considering the scenario of a developing country like
Bangladesh. So private company will make blue print for future work life balance program and
job responsibilities which make employees more satisfy as well as more productive. Company

came identified the major cause of job dissatisfaction and satisfaction as perceived by the
respondents.
Research Design
Sources of data: Primary data will be used for the purpose of the study. Primary data will be
collected through a questionnaire. Secondary data will be collected from different books,
publications, research studies, journals, articles, and websites if/when necessary. The data will be
collected through cluster sampling method.
Sample Size and Questionnaire: The sample of the study will covers the junior executives from
different private company of Bangladesh. A sample of 300 junior executives will be selected
purposively from different private company and departments. Data will be collected by
probability sampling and conveniently. The questionnaire consists of 18 items where those are
related to issues on worklife balance and job satisfaction of the respondents. Issues such as
working hour, work load, performance appraisal, job security, organizations work-life balance
programs, perception of the employees about the work-life balance programs of their
organizations, willingness to stay in the organization, destructive or constructive behavior for
overload working hours/load and many other factors have been examined here. Primary data
were collected through questionnaires with 5 point likert scale where A = strongly disagree, B =
somewhat disagree, C = neutral, D = somewhat agree, E = strongly agree.
Questionnaire: 1. Im Satisfied with my current job, 2. My working hours is rational, 3. The
work environment is excellent, 4. My work pressure is rational 5. We have work life balance
programs, 6. Im able to maintain a good balance between my personal and professional life, 7. I
get appreciation and rewards for better performance, 8. My salary is well balanced with my
responsibilities, 9. Im satisfied with my organizations benefit package, 10. I get all the
necessary authority to perform my duties, 11. Ive opportunities to learn and grow at work, 12. I
feel secure in my job, 13. I want to continue my job in this organization for long time, 14. I have
intention to leave\change the job. 15. My response to overload working hours is constructive
(voice with authority/boss) 16. I feel loyalty whenever there is overload working hours or not,
17. I neglect whenever there is overload working hours, 18. I want to leave this job because of
overload working hours or work load.
Data Analysis
The data will be analyzed using statistical equation, SPSS, MS-Excel, the test applied was
Correlation Pearsons Product to analyze the relation between work life balance and job
satisfaction.
Nature and form of Result

The correlation between work life balances as well as other factors like working hour, work load,
performance appraisal, job security, organizations work-life balance programs, perception of the
employees about the work-life balance programs of their organizations, willingness to stay in the
organization and employees job satisfaction will be calculated by Correlation Pearsons Product.
Result will be within -1 to +1 and hypothesis test will be driven for find out proposed hypothesis
are right or wrong.
Schedule
Task

Targeted completion
days

01. Literature review

Completed

02. Proposal Final

7 days

03. Questionnaire Design

Completed

04. Drawing of sample

2 days

05. Pilot testing

2 days

06. Interview Questions Finalized

2 days

07. Schedule Interviews

2 days

08. Data collection

30 days

09. Data cleaning

7 days

10. Data analysis

30 days

11. Write-up and calculate Findings

7 days

12. Report preparation & submit

5 days

Total

94 days

Bibliography

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moderating effect of core self-evaluations. Journal of Indian Business
Research, 3(4), 220-243. From http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554191111180573

Drew, E., & Murtagh, E. M. (2005). Work-life balance: senior management

champions or laggards? Women in Management Review, 20(4), 262-278.
From http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420510599089

Eikhof, D. R., Warhurst, C., & Haunschild, A. (2007). Introduction: What work?
What life? What balance? Critical reflection on the work-life balance debate.
Employee
Relations,
29(4),
325-333.
From
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425450710839452

Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., & Leese, M. (2001). Cluster analysis (4 th). London:
Arnold.

Gash, V., Mertens, A., Romeu, G. L. (2010). Women between part-time and
full-time work: The influence of changing hours of work on happiness and lifesatisfaction, SOEP Papers No. 268, DIW Berlin.

Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between
work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior,
63(February),
510-531.
From
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S00018791(02)00042-8

Gregory, A., & Milner, S. (2009). Editorial: Work-life balance: A matter of

choice.
Gender,
Work
and
Organization,
16(1),
1-13.
From
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00429.x

Hanglberger, D. (2010). Arbeitszufriedenheit und flexible Arbeitszeiten

Empirische Analyse mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels, SOEP Papers
No. 304, DI Berlin.

Hobson, C. J., Delunas, L., & Kesic, D. (2001). Compelling evidence of the
need for corporate work/life balance initiatives: results from a national survey
of stressful events. Journal of Employment Counseling, 38(March), 38-44.
From http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2001.tb00491.x

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of Dhaka.

Khaleque, A. (1985). Occupational stress: Its sources and effects as perceived

by industrial managers. Bangladesh Journal of Psychology, 6, 83-91.

Malik, M.I., Gomez, S.F., Ahmad, M., and Saif, M. I. (2010). Examining the
relationship of Work Life Balance, Job Satisfaction and Turnover in Pakistan,
International Journal Sustainable Development, 2(1) 27-33.

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International Journal of Research Studies in Management. Volume 1 Number
2, 57-66.

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A Proposal on Consumer Satisfaction of Grameen Phone in Rajshahi City

Introduction:
Modern age is the age of information technology. The technology of Email, Fax, Internet,
Telephone, Mobile and others. Now the world has been turned into a global village. News/
message can be sent and received easily from one corner of the world to another through these
ways. We are informed very quickly where and what is happening in the world. The
businessmen are running their business easily sitting from a place.

Now a revolution of using cellular phone has created in our country, which has become very
popular among the businessmen, employees, doctors and students. Japan had first innovated
the cellular phone. I have been introduced in our country in 1991.But than it was not available
because it was expensive at first time. Grameen phone has started their activities in the field of
cellular phone on 26th March, 1997.Four mobile phone companies are serving in our country
such as Aktel, City cell, Grameen and Sheba. We have selected our research tropic on
consumer satisfaction of Grameen phone in Rajshahi City. Now the mobile business field is very
competitive because many competitors are playing in this field. So any competitor may survive
in this field so that they have to emphasis on the buyer value chain to satisfy the consumers.

Statement of problem:

To operate this research we are facing some problems. Such asv Literature review problem
v Lack of available data
v Financial problem
v Lack of expert

v Lack of experience
v Lack of available time
v Lack of relevant institute

Literature Review:

As per we know there is no remarkable research on this field. But we have got some case study
and secondary information on Consumer Satisfaction of Grameen phone in Rajshahi City
(CSGR). So it is needed descriptive study, which help us to identify CSGR.

Objective of the study:

Our main objective is how to satisfy target consumer of Rajshahi City through consumers value
chain. But in that aspect we can also consider the following objectivesv To identify consumer life style pattern
v To identifies the consumers tele communication problem and observes the nature of
the problem.
v To identify the users in this area
v Consumers habit identification
v Increasing rate of demand.

Research Methodology:

Research methodology is a strategy that is under taken by researcher for doing his research
work. So research methodology is very important for doing the research work in a systematic
and effective way.

Sampling Design Process:

Sampling design process includes four steps. These steps are closely interrelated and relevant
to all aspect of marketing research project, from problem definition to the presentation of the
result. There fore sample design should be integrated with all other decision in research project.
CSGR for the Rajshahi city to gain an understanding the behavior of residents. Commercial
subscribers, subscribers and users and non-users, stratify the respondents. After stratifying we
select respondent randomly. Which respondent will select on random basis that respondent
should have following qualification
v Age 20 or above
v Live in Rajshahi city at least 6 months of year

Steps in sampling design process are as followsTarget population: Adults meeting the qualification who live in Rajshahi during the
survey period.

Sampling unit: We have taken 70 sample units.

Sampling Technique: We have taken stratified sampling and after stratifying we have
selected sample randomly.

Sample size: We have taken 70 samples. They are as follows-

Classification

Number of samples

Commercial Subscriber

10

Subscriber

20

User

30

Non user

10

Total

70

Sources of data:

Two kinds data are needed to make this proposed research. Those are as following asv Primary source
v Secondary source

We collect primary data throw personal interview. Secondary data will be collected from possible
published media. Such as journals, magazines, newspapers and web site.

Data analysis and interpretation: After collecting the data we will assemble it through editing,
coding, tabulation and analysis the data graphicaly. To interpretation those data we will use
mean, median and mode.

Variable will be considered: Which factors will be considered here as independent variables
those as follows:
v Income label
v Social status

v Location
v Education and others.

Justification of the study:

Cellular phone provides us easy communication system with low cost and time. This type of
easy communication like cellular is not possible by another. A man can communicate from one
place to another place under network area. If we identify consumers behavior, consumers
purchase decision process, consumers knowledge about mobile and their value chains so that
it will be easy for the Grameen Phone how to satisfy the consumer. It will be helpful for the
future researcher to do research on this field. It will also create awareness to the non-users to
know the benefit of mobile phone. This research also helps the mobile phone company to
operate their marketing activity efficiently to increase sales. When the sale will be increased at
the time the mobile service be extended in this city and mobile will be available here to improve
people life style.

Bibliography:

Naresh K. Malhotra
Marketing research An Applied orientation. Third edition, page 101
Ibid page-304.
C.R. Kothery, Research Methodology

Internship Research Proposal of a study on Sopura Silk Mills Ltd. in

Rajshahi Area
1.0 Introduction:
Sopura Silk Mills Ltd. is the largest silk producer in BSCIC area in Rajshahi. Primarily it started
production in 1979 with two workmen but in the year 1986 Alhaj Md. Sadar Ali Shifted his
Business with the help of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. Rajshahi Branch named Sopura Silk

mills (SSF) Ltd. by purchasing a plot under Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industry Corporation
( BSCIC), Sopura, Rajshahi. Primarily it launched its business with 20,000 (twenty thousand)
only. Currently it produces diversified silk products including silk sharee, balaka silk fabrics, crap
balaka silk fabrics, doupion silk fabrics, Motka silk fabrics, balaka silk print fabrics, ladies dress
including long scarf/orna, handbags, koti, wall mate, shirt, panjabi, tie, cushion cover which are
sold through ten own showrooms locating Dhaka, (4) Shylet (1) Mymen singh (1) Chittagong (1)
Rajshahi
(2)
London
(1)
as
well.
Sopura has now 400 employees. It follows cost plus pricing including 15% to 20% profit on total
production cost. Although Sopura does not advertise through TV but in different printed media
(newspaper, magazine etc). It follows fixed price for the products countrywide. According to the
managing director, the monthly profit from 10 showrooms is near about eight lacs, which totalize
96 lacs or 1 cror. Sopura has established a prominent position in the affluent western, Asian and
local markets. It also uses hygienic dyes which are innovative and are forever changing
according to the fashion trends, most of the silks are required to hand wash separately. The
organization also uses close circuit (cc) camera for the well monitoring, web camera for showing
products to the foreign buyers, E commerce for the foreign payment. The organization also uses
web link for the internal use. Sopura silk mills Ltd. is still trying to update the products to satisfy
the diversified needs of the target customers including consumers and organizational buyers.
Although primarily Sopura started with only two employees but now 400 employees are working
to satisfy the customers.

2.0 Statement of the problem:

In spite of being quality product, it will not run the market due to the poor marketing functions,
such as pricing, promotion, distribution, post sales services and others as Sopura silk industry
doesnt maintain the systematic marketing operation. So, it is the main problem that becomes
an obstacle in the way of its further development.

3.0 Literature review:

So far as I know, adequate published literature is not available in the proposed field. In spite of
this some relevant publications are as follows:
Professor Sanjib Kumar Saha wrote an article entitled A distribution system and silk products of
Bangladesh
(1983). The author cited the finding that the factory sells fabrics directly to the consumers
through sales depot at the factory premises of Rajshahi silk factory and sales and display center
at Dhaka according to The finding, SSF sells and displays silk products through the two own
sales and display centers in Rajshahi. Professor Sanjib Kumar Saha also carried out another
work titled on Price strategy of the silk fabric manufacturing enterprises in Bangladesh; a case
study of the Rajshahi silk factory. The researcher has suggested high active price strategy in
the short run, skim-the-cream pricing in the long run and profit maximization price for the RSF.

That finding can be helpful in solving the price problem of SSF. A.K.M Mostafizur Rahman Al-Arif
succeeded in doing the work titled on Production and Marketing aspects of silk manufacturing
enterprises in Bangladesh. A case study of Rajshahi silk factory (RSF) and Thakurgaon silk
factory (TSF). The finding of the study was to increase production efficiency and efficiency in
marketing silk of both the RSF and TSF. Subash Chandra Sill did his M. phil work in seri culture
sectur and the title was liquidity and profitability analysis A study of Rajshahi silk factory(1982)
production difficulties and marketing constraints were the major findings which affected the
functional efficiency of the factory. The proposed study will also handle both the production
difficulties and marketing constraints of SSF.
The proposed study will help to know the marketing strategy and problems of the organization

4.0 Research question:

Research question is the guideline that helps to find out the objectives or purposes of the study.
Every research is conducted in the light of the specific question. The research question for the
proposed study is
1.

How does Sopura silk mils perform marketing activities?

2.

5.0 Objectives of the study

A researcher should focus the objectives for which the research work will be conducted. The
specific objective of the study is to know the Marketing activities or strategies of SSF.

6.0 Justification of the study

Sopura Silk Mills is the biggest industry in the area of BSCIC. And it has a great contribution in
Silk cloth market with in Rajshahi and Bangladesh as well. It enjoys low labor cost and
competitive advantages in terms of raw materials and site selection. it is not being able to
market the goods properly but obviously it has great growth potentials. If there were a proper
blending of four ps(product, price, place and promotion) then Sopura would be able to gain a
good position. For this reason, seeing the marketing weaknesses and undertaking steps are
important. So this study bears a great significance for broader interest.

7.0 Methodology
Methodology is the path or way how the research work will be done. Actually research
methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. As the purpose of the study
is to find out the marketing related problem of silk goods produced by Sopura silk milk, the
methodology of this research includes population, sample, sampling procedure, data collection
and data analysis procedures etc..

7.01 Definition of Population:

The study is related to the marketing problem of silk products. So, all the customers will be the
population of the study.

7.02 Sample:
The objective of the study is to know the marketing strategy of SSF. Due to the time
constraints 50 customers of Rajshahi city will be the sample size of the proposed study.

7.03 Sampling procedure:

Random sampling will be used for the proposed study as this Sampling procedure represents
the total population.

7.04 Data Collection method and procedure:

The data will be collected from the primary source and secondary source. Questionnaire will be
used including open ended and close-ended questions for providing to the customers who come
to the two show rooms in Rajshahi city.

7.05 Data Analysis procedure:

The collected data will be analyzed by using relevant statistical tools and techniques.

9.0 Conclusion:
Marketing strategy formulation and implementation is the key to success of any organization.
From the proposed study, I will look an insight in the present marketing strategies including
product, price, place and promotion of Sopura silk mills Ltd. And the findings will assist the
organization for its further development.

Reference:

Rajshahi University studies, Part c, Volume No- 4.1996

Sopura@librabd.Net.

Naresh K. Malhotra (2004) Marketing Research- an applied orientation. Fourth edition

published by Pearson education.

MBA/BBA Research Proposal on the Globalization Impact on Trading Sector

of Bangladesh
Introduction:
The liberalization and globalization process in a trading covers both the stabilization and
structural adjustment measures. It introduced a host of structural measures in the industrial
sector, foreign trade regime.

Trade in a narrow sense trade is a function of buying and selling activities. But in a broad sense
trade means collecting raw materials manufacturing product, distributing, importing, exporting
and other regarding function.

Globalization is little consensus exists among the export on the definition evidence explanation
and implication of globalization. If the people are asked about what they mean by globalization,
most of them reply with vagueness consistency, vagueness and confusion. Regrettably many
discussion of globalization have suffered from over simplification, exaggeration and wishful
thinking.

However, globalization is a process of development of the world into a single interested

economic unit. Special educated person, Dr. Jac halaq said, Globalization is a combination of
much freer trade in goods and services combined with free capital market.

Social scientist Susan Jorge of Finland said, Globalization means the increased
internationalization of economic activities or political negotiation or even cultural trends.

That means the terms of globalization includes the following criteria:

Revolution in the information and communication technology, which has created closer links
between nations.

 Easing of restriction of cross border trade in goods and services.

Free follow of financial and investment capital across national boundaries.
Increased harmonization of rules governing world economic order.

Globalization does not necessary lead to a win-win situation. There are both winner and loser.
The degree of success depends critically on how quickly one can adapt to the new globalization.

It is a very simple that Bangladesh also a developing country of the world. The relation between
Bangladesh and the trends of globalization implies multi literalism mainly multilateral trade,
liberalizations, trade policy and micro economic phenomena where firms are competing
independently at global level. The globalize world is featured by the contribution of international
trade in the GDP. The volume of foreign direct investment integration of free market thereby
promoting an environment for trade liberalization, privatization and deregulation.

In the recent years Bangladesh is increasing by trying to adapt to prescriptions suitable for
globalization like trade barriers should be low. More or less uniform across the sectors and
should operate through the price mechanism Bangladesh is applying these principle through
across of autonomous unilateral liberalization; then again Bangladesh is also converging
towards regional integration agreement ASEAN, SAFTA, EU, EFTA, NAFTA etc. are the product
of regional treatise, which began to explore and participates in regional trading agreement.

Literature review:
Ghosh and Kumar (1991) remark that the process of business planning can be considered as
four parts viz, the analysis of factors affecting the future, forecasting the future environment
preparing the plan, installing the plan.

Ahmed (2001) describes that if Bangladesh cannot avail the opportunities and minimize the
dangers created by globalization, it will loss tremendously.

According to Khan & Ejaj (2001) total quality management philosophy consists of following
basic beliefs: absolute customer focus employee improvement, involvement and ownership,
continuous improvement, use of systematic approaches to management.

Stern (2002) comments that Bangladesh is not only in danger of missing the millennium goals
but it may also lose out to competitor countries in the competition for the resources needed to
reach those goals.

Objectives of the study:

The study has the objectives of that the impact of globalization on developing countries but
study has the following objectives:
Identifying the impact (import & export) of globalization on Bangladesh.
How can minimize the negative impact of Bangladesh.
How can get benefit from globalization.
To identify the prospective sectors for Bangladesh.

Methodology of the proposed study:

Collection of data: The research will be conducted on the basis of mainly secondary data;
beside the primary will be needed.

We collect secondary data from international organization: IMF, WTO, WB, GATT Ambassador
etc. because of they published various information about trade and globalization. Other else,
government organization such as Bangladesh Bank Statistical Bureau, journals and commercial
organization.

We collect primary data from expert businessman exporting and importing firms.

Techniques of data collection: We collect primary data by questionnaire method through

personal interview.

Processing and analysis of data: After collecting data there need to shorting and tabulating of
that data. To find out the relationship between the variable various statistical method are to
apply in according to the nature of the tabulated data. Using easy and understanding statistical
tools of data preparation. Finally the results of study may be shown by using deferent figure,
graphs and tables.

Importance of the study:

We can say that, though the above discussion if the globalization will be occurred from 2005.
Then we have to face the following facts:
Major obstacle the democracy.
Under mining every fabric of community.
Increasing trend of sick industries.
Domination of the developed world.

We can remove these threats to maintain following steps:

Provide/ Maintaining balance of payment.

To protect infant industries by proper programming.
To provide special and preferential treatment.
To increase duration of GSP facilities.
To provide subsidies.
To take differential treatment.
To take limited control in capital in flow and out flows.
To solution of loan problem.
To reduce discrimination in information technology sectors.
Finally such type of research proposal works will help to minimize the globalization threat
on Bangladesh.

Time schedule:
The research project will be needed the times:
Literature review
Data collection

....................................

7 days

....................................

Data analysis

....................................

3 days

Report writing

...................................

3 days

Computers compose ....................................

2 days

Bindings

7 days

....................................
Total

....................................

1 days

23 days

Bibliography:

1.

The globalization of world politics- by Jon Aart Scholte.

2.

Current affairs August-2000 & October 2001.

3.

Stern NH (2002) the investment climate government and inclusion in Bangladesh public lecture
organized by Bangladesh economic association- 8 January-2002.

4.

Rose-P.S. (1999) commercial bank management, McGraw-Hill book Co. Singapore- 4th
edition.

5.

Ahmed Q. K. (2001) key messages arising from deliberation of Bangladesh social economic
forum, Dhaka.
6.

Supplied document by Enayet Hossain.

Introduction
Bangladesh is one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. The people of this country are
deeply committed to Islamic way of life as enshrined in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah.
Naturally, it remains a deep cry in their hearts to fashion and design their economic lives in
accordance with the precepts of Islam. The establishment of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited on
March 13, 1983, is the true reflection of this inner urge of its people, which started functioning
with effect from March 30, 1983. This Bank is the first of its kind in Southeast Asia. It is
committed to conduct all banking and investment activities on the basis of interest-free profitloss sharing system. In doing so, it has unveiled a new horizon and ushered in a new silver lining
of hope towards materializing a long cherished dream of the people of Bangladesh for doing
their banking transactions in line with what is prescribed by Islam. With the active co-operation
and participation of Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and some other Islamic banks, financial
institutions, government bodies and eminent personalities of the Middle East and the Gulf
countries, Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited has by now earned the unique position of a leading
private commercial bank in Bangladesh.
Problem
Investment is the action of deploying funds with the intention and expectation that they will earn
a positive return for the owner. Funds may be invested in either real assets or financial assets.
When resources are used for purchasing fixed and current assets in a production process or for a
trading purpose, then it can be termed as real investment. The establishment of a factory or the
purchase of raw materials and machinery for production purposes are examples in point. On the
other hand, the purchase of a legal right to receive income in the form of capital gains or
dividends would be indicative of financial investments. Specific examples of financial
investments are: deposits of money in a bank account, the purchase of Bonds or stock in a
company.
When money is deposited with an Islamic Bank, the bank, in turn, makes investments in different
forms approved by the Islamic Shariah with the intent to earn a profit. Not only a bank, but also
an individual or organization can use Islamic modes of investment to earn profits for wealth
maximization. Under the profit-loss sharing system of investment financing, the bank receives a
variable rate of return as it shares a percentage of profits earned by the borrower. Though there is
a consensus as to sharing losses in proportion to capital participation, some of the Muslim
economists think that the ratio may vary with the application of different types of modes of
financing. Thus, the Profit-loss-sharing system of investment financing may be termed a Variable
Return System.

Since the Islamic banking system does not charge interest on any financing agreements, the
client neither receives nor pays fixed rate of return while financing his investment. Some popular
modes of Islamic Investment are below:

Mudaraba partnership between to parties in profit

Musharaka partnership between two or more persons or institution

Bai Muajjal contract between a buyer and a seller at an agreed fixed price

Bai Murabaha contract between a buyer and a seller at a cost plus agreed profit

Bai Salam contract between a seller and a buyer at a fixed price in advance

Hire Purchase under Shirkatul Melk a synthesis of three contracts : shirkat, ijarah &sale

Istisnas sale a contract in which the price is paid in advance at the time of the contract

Qard Hasan a contract in which one of the parties (the lender) places into the
ownership of the other party (the borrower) a definite parcel of his property, in exchange
nothing more than the eventual return of something in the same value of the property
loaned.

Objective
The objectives of the study are given below :

To get overall idea about the investment process of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.

To know the investment opportunity created by Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.

To know the replacement of interest with the profit-loss sharing

To make investment facilities easily available under the Islamic shariah

To introduce interest free investment operations

To know smooth allocation of invest able fund and scare financial resources

To extend the benefits of the investment of Islamic Bank to different sector of the people

To develop of the country through investment operations particularly in less developed

areas

The subject matter of this report will be based on primary and secondary sources. This report will
be prepared on the basis of the experience gathered during the period of internship. Personal
experience gained by visiting different desks during internship period also has to be used.
Data collection
Primary data

Personal observations and practical works on different desks of the Bank

Direct interview and conversation with officials

Official record of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.

Secondary data

Annual report of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.

Official documents

Website of IBBL

Conclusion
Islamic banking, for its profit-loss sharing character, is conceived as more production-oriented
and growth promoting than its conventional counterpart. This is because the banks earnings are
directly linked to the earnings generated from the venture financed by it. Further, replacement of
interest with the principle of profit-loss sharing increases the horizon of investment opportunity
in an economy. It also promotes efficient allocation of financial resources, ensures equitable
distribution of income and promotes stability in the economy. Thus, Islamic banking is efficient
from most of the macroeconomic measures of efficiency.
Customer Satisfaction in Banking
Introduction
Aiming for the customer satisfaction is the most challenging task in every
organization. Through the satisfied customers, a firm an easily measure the
effectiveness of the business, its potential and position in the industries, and the areas

that are needed to polish and improve. Keeping the trust of a customer is not an
overnight miracle but with full of patience and bountiful of effort.
Background and Problem Statement
The products and services that are sold in the most favorable prices can be an
initial step of the firm in obtaining the trust and be included in the top list of the
customers. However, because of the tight competition of various services, particularly in
banks, the perception of the customers and potential customers are also divided
according to the services that they want to achieve. In addition, the impact of the
economic problems and financial crunches among the financial institutions creates a
great challenge in the banks. With all the challenges that are ahead on the banks, how
will they gather the customer satisfaction which is the same focus of the other
competing banking institutions?
Research Aim and Objectives
The aim of the study is to determine the satisfaction on the services and products
delivered by the banks towards their customers to attract other potential customer.
There are three objectives that can be the guidance of the researcher/s in reaching for
their goal and, in also, measuring the impact of customer satisfaction to their
effectiveness in the market. First objective is to recognize the various strategies placed
by the banks to achieve the customer satisfaction. Second is to determine the extent of
those strategies to eliminate or at least minimize the impact of resistance and
reluctance of the customers towards the banks offered products and services. And third

is to discover the level of satisfaction from the existing customers that can contribute in
the success and continuous performance of the banks.
Literature Review
Finding for the loyal customers is a great opportunity for the various firms and
enterprises, for the corporate leaders believe that through them, the firms can continue
its business cycle. In order to keep the loyal customers, the organization should first
attempt to discover the ways to satisfy the customers. Customer satisfaction is an
applied term that determines on how products and services supplied by a company
meet or surpass customer expectation. It is an essential tool to see the key performance
indicator within business. In banking industry, being competitive is already a given
factor. Customers expect that banks should be strong enough even if there are
uncertainties in the country, most especially in the financial stream. In the long run, the
customer satisfaction can be the key element of the organization to prepare another
strategy (Gitman and McDaniel, 2005). Every businesss mission is making the
customers as their first priority. In accordance to this, the business must fill or serve the
satisfaction of their customers according to what preferences that the market is
demanding for. In the banking industry, there is a suggested conceptualized model of
satisfaction in terms of the business-to-business level. With the aid of the path analysis,
corporate customer satisfaction can be determined in the earliest time with regards to
the equity, and expectations of customers (Armstrong and Seng, 2000; Hackl and
Westlund, 2000). Catching the attention of the customers is the first impression of the
banks in terms of promotion. However, if the banks continuously deliver the satisfaction

towards to their customers, the firms will not only obtaining success but also the
continuing promotion of benefits for their own customers. The most desirable outcome
that the customers can gain is the improvement on their experience in banking services
and products and identify that there is an increase performance. On the other hand, the
firm can enjoy the benefits of minimization of the business uncertainty, maximization of
profit margins and enhancement of productivity; reduce on expenses, and optimization
on resource deployment (Hansemark and Albinsson, 2004).
Methodology
The suggested method in the study is the use of survey and interview as the
primary strategy to obtain the needed information. Through the combination of survey
and interview, the current position of the bank in the society can be determined. For the
first process of the investigation, the survey will be conducted among the population of
the customers. The first 100 customers will be the participants and through the help of
the Likert Scale, the researcher/s can view the appeal of the banks services and
products on their customers. At the second phase of the study, the interview will be
conducted among the five managers of the bank. The interview has a purpose to
recognize the various strategies and their strong points to attract and maintain the
customers.
References:

Armstrong, R.W. and Seng, T.B. (2000) Corporate-Customer Satisfaction in the

Banking Industry of Singapore, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol.18,
No.3
Gitman, L., & McDaniel, C., (2005) The Future of Business: The Essentials, Mason,
Ohio: South-Western.
Hackl, P. and Westlund, A.H. (2000) On Structural Equation Modeling for Customer
Satisfaction Measurement, Total Quality Management, Vol. 11 No. 4
Hansemark, O.C. and Albinsson, M. (2004) Customer Satisfaction and Retention: The
Experiences of Individual Employees, Managing Service Quality, Vol.14, No.1.

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Background
Bangladesh is a densely populated country. Food security issue is going
important concern for the government and the policy makers of the country.
Moreover, negative impacts of climate change, food price hike in
international market, decreasing arable land within the country have

aggravated the situation. Thus per unit production increase may be

considered as an important solution to ensure domestic food security. In this
connection information and communication technology (ICT), especially use
of mobile phone and Internet can help the farmers in diverse ways. Mobile
phone and Internet can help farmers in getting information just on time they
need, which in turn will maximize farm production. Accordingly, selling their
products at a justified and fare price will develop their livelihoods in a
sustainable way. The proposed research work is aimed to measure the
qualitative changes on backward and forward agricultural linkages due to
mobile phone uses.

Who does the problem affect?

End framers are primarily being benefited through using mobile phone. In
addition, people involved with backward and forward agricultural supply likemiddle men, whole seller, seed dealer, agricultural officer and extension
worker and so many other related to agricultural value chain are also being
benefited.

What are the boundaries of the problem? Which areas

does the problem affect?
Boundaries of the problem go inline with the government vision 2021 that is
aiming for developing digital Bangladesh. The problem basically affects the
agriculture sector of the country. Along with this, socio-cultural backgrounds

of the farmers are also being addressed.

What is the problem?

Information is the power, which is true for all the sectors. Now a days sharing
information became easier due to availability of number of communication
technologies throughout the country which is also available even at remote
rural villages. Vertical and horizontal sharing of information in agriculture
sector will maximize farmers knowledge regarding modern agricultural
farming and marketing of their products which in turn will be reflected on
their livelihoods.

What is the impact of the problem?

Impacts of telecommunication facilities on agriculture and rural livelihoods in
different developing countries have been studied. But in Bangladesh so far
there is no such extensive research work been conducted. The proposed
study will help to have an idea about the impacts of mobile phone uses by
the farmers of Bangladesh.

What will happen when it is fixed?

Vertical and horizontal sharing of information in agriculture sector will
maximize farmers knowledge regarding modern agricultural farming and
marketing of their products.

Where - Where is the problem occurring? Only in

certain locations, processes, products, etc.
The problem occurring around the country, not at a specific location; thus it
may be defined as a generalized problem.

Why - Why is it important that we fix the problem?

To asses the impacts of telecommunication on agricultural activities and to
have a clear idea about farmers view regarding this.

Research Goal
The proposed research work is aimed to measure the qualitative changes on
backward and forward agricultural linkages due to mobile phone uses.

Research methodology
Plan of what data will be collected
Regardless of mobile phone operators information, qualitative data will be
collected.
Primary data: Through questionnaire, interview of the farmers and other
agricultural stakeholders.
Secondary data: From different articles, books, journals, review literature,
government census, local agricultural offices etc.
Where and when data will be collected
Data will be collected from different Upazila of Pabna district (Purposive)
within the time period of MPA course.
From whom data will be collected
Primary qualitative data will be collected directly from the farmers and other
agricultural stakeholders.
How the answers will be derived from the data collected
After collecting data tabular analyses will be done using different statistical

tools like- mean, median, percentage, regression, correlation, pie-chart, bar

diagram etc.
Research Proposal
Human Resource Development in Asia

Introduction
With growing issues and concerns with the importance of human resources, it is
duly significant that the management should be able to consider approaches and
strategies which will enable an business enterprise to recruit, retain and develop skillful
as well as knowledgeable workforce. Accordingly, human resource development has
served the needs of business enterprises to make their staffs and personnels have an
up-to-date expertise. One aspect that should be given emphasis by human resource
management is to have a work environment which adheres to the current and the future
needs of their human resources, specifically for technological and technical skills
impacted by the rapid development in line with the emergence of information technology
and globalization.
It is argued that the future for human resources needs the widening of the
strategies being utilized and considered and the application a more advanced model for
staffs and personnel training and development. For this reason, different industries are
investing on human resource development as means of achieving cost-effective and on
time results. But there is a need to understand that the human resource development

policies should enhance staffs and personnel satisfaction (ES) and only then can
improved performance be attained. Training and development programmes as a part of
Human resource development should be based on the needs of the staffs and
personnels and aligned with goals of both the firm and the staffs and personnels (Hill &
Wiens-Tuers, 2001). Like many other countries, Asian countries are also facing various
challenges and problems in adhering to the context of human resource development.
Primarily, the main goal of this paper is to conduct a research in terms of the human
resource development in Asia.
Background of the Study
The development of the staffs and personnel is among the business enterprises
managements obligation. The attain and meetment of corporate success can only be
accomplished by people (Cascio, 1995). With this, Business enterprises management
realizes that enhancing the staffs knowledge is essential as it can enhance the service
standard and increase the staffs and personnels loyalty and commitment. By enhancing
the staff knowledge, it can provide better quality of providing services or products as
well as organizational growth and assist the staffs and personnels professional
development. Such enhancement could be in the form of various learning techniques
which is included in human resource development programmes.
For business enterprises to maximize their assets, they should manage the staffs
and personnels working condition with intelligence and efficiency (Ulrich, 1998). They
must be permitted to be involved in making work-related decisions to further enhance
and develop their personal aptitude and the organizational structure (Delaney &

Huselid, 1996).). It is therefore necessary to understand the staffs and personnels for
the business enterprise to be effective. The development, building, enhancement,
motivation, and enrichment of the staffs and personnels of any business enterprise
largely depend on the leadership, mandate, and vision of the business enterprise
(Rainey & Steinbauer, 1999). In relation to learning, Human Resources Department
(HRD) is a key department to implement different kind of trainings for staffs and
personnel to learn. Through training, it can improve the staffs and personnels
knowledge and skills as well as assists staffs and personnels to attain and meet higher
level of performance and personal development. According to Sadler (1989), The term
development is utilized and considered to describe a range of processes and
experiences including formal education and training courses, whether in-company or
provided by external institutions; training on the job; and activities such as project work
and job rotation (p.154).
Research Objectives
The main goal of this paper is to analyze and investigate the human resource
development in Asia. Specifically this paper aims to attain and meet the following
objectives:
1. What are the present economic situations and future prospects of Asian
countries?
2. What are the global and regional trends that affect the human resource
development in Asia?

3. What are the skills needed by business organization to cope with the global and
regional trends influencing HRD in Asia?
4. What are the issues/challenges for organizational management in Asia ?
Methodology
To be able to attain and meet the objective of the HRD in Asia investigation and
research, the research will be using descriptive approach to gather pertinent data for
analysis and to decide for the conclusion of this paper. Based on the objectives, this
research can be considered as descriptive since it seeks to find the different information
and aspect regard human resource development in Asia. The research method that will
be utilized and considered in this study is based on qualitative and quantitative
approach. The qualitative approach enables an iterative and flexible technique, while
the quantitative research enables the specification of the depended and independent
variables to be utilized and considered in this study. In addition, it also allows
longitudinal measures of subsequent performance of the HRD in Asia investigation and
research (Creswell, 2003). In this HRD in Asia investigation and research, the choice
and design of the research approach are constantly modified based on the ongoing data
analysis (Jancowics, 2000).

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the

human resource development in Asia.

Research Approach
This study will be using primary and secondary data source. The primary data
will come from a survey-questionnaire to be distributed to the staffs and personnels of

Asian companies and the secondary data will be from different documents published
and unpublished from libraries, internet source and universities, books, magazines and
articles and journals regarding human resource development. This research paper will
use support secondary research to provide relative conclusion. Furthermore, this study
will try to be supported by theoretical aspects as the research will use management
theories to support the findings. The author will try to formulate concepts that adhere to
the topic of the study of knowing the relationships of the data gathered. In this research
proposal, the researcher will use purposive sampling for the selection of the
respondents. Purposive sampling is relevant to this study since the approach is very
simple and easy to comprehend.
The respondents of the study compose of 50 staffs and personnels from a
chosen Asian company and the researcher will provide the questionnaire to gather
pertinent data. Surveys are conducted to gather data from the staffs and personnels so
as to generalize the results (Commonwealth of Learning, 2000). In this research, the
survey form is consisted of questions and statements in which the respondents will
assess through the use of Likert Scale. The following diagram shows the step by step
procedure of this HRD in Asia investigation and research.
Figure 1
Input Process Output Model

The figure below shows the general structure of the dissertation. Substituting the
important details of this HRD in Asia investigation and research diagram, the researcher
came up with the following:
Figure 1.2

Significance of the Study

This HRD in Asia investigation and research will be significant and essential to
the Asian countries and organization who want to have knowledgeable and efficient
human resources. In addition, this HRD in Asia investigation and research will also
contribute to further understand and comprehend the importance of different factors that
affect human resource development in Asian countries.

As noted, this paper will

specifically deal with Asian organizations and how they handle human resource
development. The result of this research will also contribute to the understanding of
business enterprise in Asia..

This research dissertation will also be essential and valuable to Asian industry,
specifically those industries that are planning to consider human resource development
approach. The survey of the research dissertation will help identify what Asian industrys
consider in developing human resources.
Reference
Commonwealth

of

Learning.

(2000).

Manual

for

Educational

Researchers: Knowing your Audience. Vancouver, Canada:

Educational

Media

Centre

for

Asia

(CEMCA).

Online

Media
Commonwealth
available

at

http://www.cemca.org/newsletter/sep2001/sep2001.htm, Accessed September 19

2008
Creswell. J.W. (2003) Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods
approaches.

Thousand

Oaks,

CA:

Sage.

Online

available

at

www.msvu.ca/ARCFamilyWork/pdf_files/MixedMethodologyHandout.pdf
Accessed September 19 2008
Hill, E. and Wiens-Tuers, B. (2002) Do they bother? Employer training of temporary
workers. Review of Social Economy, Vol. 60, p. 1.
Jankowics, A.D. (2000). Business Research Projects. Third Edition, London: Business
Press Thompson Learning
Introduction

Consequently fraud have wide reaching impact, with an estimated cost of $1.1 billion to
Australian society per annum (Cuganesan and Lacey 2003), excluding intangible costs,
such as lost reputation and invasion of privacy. With heightened awareness of security
and privacy issues, identity fraud is receiving increasing attention from business,
government and individuals. Fraud occurs when someone gains access to benefits,
usually financial, through the use of a false identity as credit fraud linked to identity
thieves may gain access to identity information through documents in garbage, direct
questioning, stealing records from their employer, or hacking into the organizations
computers and other such examples.
Statement of the Problem
The problem of cheque and credit card fraud has increased in magnitude. Since 1988,
British losses from these types of fraud have almost doubled. As consequence, in 1990,
total fraud losses were running at 150 million. The problem of uncollectible debt in
telecommunication services is addressed by using a goal directed Bayesian network for
classification, which distinguishes customers who are likely to have bad debt (Ezawa
and Norton, 1996). Since unsupervised learning does not require a priori knowledge of
fraudulent data, it may be used to filter out much normal behavior so that the successive
supervised learning processing load is reduced for rule-based system and neural
network-based system. Exhaustive rule generation is an interesting issue for rule based
approach. The advantage is that the rule-generation step will not lose any of the
possible candidates for good rules, and will not require complicated mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study

Fraud implies to negative assumption placing in rigorous impact on society in terms of

losses to businesses, government organizations and private individuals. The purpose of
research is to recognize impacts of credit card fraud in accordance to society and
impose ways to reduce fraud cases and limit the number of possible victims of the
situation as well as the need to develop models that include the concept of profiling for
credit fraud, and be able to explore how certain case study organization views fraud
and its society based impacts and aspects.
Theoretical Framework
The theory framework will have an importance to credit card fraud research and such
process as it will be noted by certain fraud oriented theory and discussions yet there is
no conclusive research that focuses on the impact of credit fraud in the society.
Theoretical research has attempted to integrate credit card fraud and how to determine
victims of the situation and possibly suggest ways to reduce them. The model will
adhere to Malakedsuwan and Stevens (2003) model, and represents preconception of
the problem domain, there will be an iterative approach in examining the data, refining
the model and re-analyzing the data of profiling and interactions
Methodology
For the research method, there is qualitative approach of the research nature by means
of using case study approach that will comprise of semi structured interviews with
research participants, human oriented subjects. The research will be conducted with
employees from business in banking and finance driven service industry as selected

due to the experience in fraud domains and easy access will be made by the
researcher. There will imply to brief interview base outlining the research goals and
subject matter for the interview to be given to the participants as prior to conduction of
the interview method. Thus, possible telephone conversation will be in place on the day
of the interview in order to clarify discussions and purpose of research. The interviews
are going to be in five employees of senior job roles working at the organizations fraud
and security operations area. Interviews will be recorded and then be transcribed to
facilitate discussions and analysis. Aside, content analysis are to be used and
administered in order to understand data to be gathered as well as collected and such
coding can be used in drawing in research paradigms and concepts from noted context
formation.
Bibliography
ACCSS 2004 Australian Computer Crime and Security Survey 2004, Australian High
Tech Crime Commission, ISBN 1-864-99773-7
Bolton R. J. and D. J. Hand. Unsupervised profiling methods for fraud detection. In
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Cuganesan S. and Lacey, D. (2003), Identity Fraud in Australia: An evaluation of its
Nature, Cost and Extent, SIRCA, Sydney
CyberSource company. Credit card fraud management. http://www.cybersource.com,
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De, Krish (2004): Investigating the Role of Profiling in Detection and Prevention of
Identity Fraud, Research proposal, SISTM UNSW
Ezawa K. J. and S. W. Norton. Constructing bayesian networks to predict uncollectible
telecommunications accounts. Ieee Expert-Intelligent Systems &Their Applications,
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Malakedsuwan, P., Stevens, K. (2003): A Model of E-Fraud, Proceedings of Pacific Asia
Conference in Information Systems, 2003
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fraud detection. In Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference, volume
1, pages 572577, 2002.
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