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V-Notch

This document summarizes an experiment to determine the discharge coefficient (Cd) of a V-notch weir. Water is supplied through a pipe to a tank with baffle walls and allowed to flow over a sharp-edged V-notch plate. The head over the crest and discharge collected in a measuring tank are recorded. A graph of ln(Q) vs ln(h) is plotted from which the slope equals Cd. The average experimental Cd is calculated and compared to the value determined from the graph slope, finding a small percentage error.

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351 views4 pages

V-Notch

This document summarizes an experiment to determine the discharge coefficient (Cd) of a V-notch weir. Water is supplied through a pipe to a tank with baffle walls and allowed to flow over a sharp-edged V-notch plate. The head over the crest and discharge collected in a measuring tank are recorded. A graph of ln(Q) vs ln(h) is plotted from which the slope equals Cd. The average experimental Cd is calculated and compared to the value determined from the graph slope, finding a small percentage error.

Uploaded by

mayank.mggupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 4

EXPERIMENT - 3

AIM : To determine Cd of a V-notch and plot graphs between:


(A) Discharge (Q) v/s Head over the crest (h)
(B) ln(Q) v/s ln(h)
INTRODUCTION
A V-notch is commonly used for the measurement of small discharges in an open
channel. A V-notch is of the shape of a triangle with its apex down and base up. A Vnotch usually consists of a metal plate with a sharp crest having a bevel edge on the
downstream so that the liquid springs off the notch with only a line contact. The
stream of liquid effect is called nappe. The nappe should be fully ventilated so that
the pressure below it is atmospheric
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
The set-up consists of a large tank erected on a raised platform. The water is supplied
to the tank from a constant-head supply tank by a pipe with regulating valve. Baffle
walls are installed in the tank to stabilise flow and to reduce the velocity of approach.
The baffle walls thus calm the flow and reduce eddies. A sharp-edged notch plate is
fitted at the downstream end of the tank. A point gauge is used to measure the head
over the crest of the notch. A large measuring tank is used to collect water for
measurement of discharge.
THEORY
An expression for the discharge coefficient can be derived by considering a strip of
width b and of small thickness dh at a depth of h below the free surface.
The discharge through the strip is obtained by applying the formula

dQ =

Cd

(area of strip)

2gh

Cd

where
is the coefficient of discharge, The discharge Q over the entire V-notch is
obtained by integration as
12

Cd

Q = (area of strip) 2gh


5/2
or Q = 8 Cd tan /2 (2g) h
15
where:H is the head over the crest, and

is the apex angle. Generally a right-angled notch is used.


The value of

Cd

for a right-angled notch generally varies between 0.6 and 0.65.

13

PROCEDURE

1. Measure the apex angle of the V-notch.


2. Open the supply valve. Record the point gauge reading when the water just
starts spilling over the crest.
3. Regulate the supply valve till the flow becomes steady, and the head
over the crest becomes constant. Take the point gauge reading.
4. Measure the rate of discharge by using the measuring tank.
5. Increase the discharge by regulating the flow and repeat above steps for more
readings.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
o

Apex angle of V-notch = 65


cm 2
cm 2
Dimensions of the measuring tank = 6070
=4200
Height above crest h1 = 12.86 cm
Discharge found through experiment Q= (Axh)/t
cm 3sec - 1 H 2

S# h(cm) Time (sec) Q (


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Average

Cd

H2 - H1

(cm) Head over notch H = (

(from exp.)

C=
Q=
Taking log on both sides, we get
logQ = logC + log Cd + 5 x logh
14

Cd

logQ = log(C xCd ) + 5 x logh


2
From graph, slope =
Slope = (3.1-loqQ0)/(0.85-0)
Where, loqQ0 at logh =0
loqQ0 = 0.9665

loqQ0 = log(C x Cd )
Cd = ( from graph)
% error =
RESULT
Cd

Average value
of
from experiment =
Cd
Value of
from graph =
% error =
PRECAUTIONS
1. Take the point gauge reading only when the flow becomes stable.
2. The water should be collected for a long time in measuring tank for
accurate readings of discharge.
3. The overhead tank should be kept full.

15

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