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MALAYSIAN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Education in Malaysia is consists five stages of education which are Pre-school
Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education, Tertiary Education and Post-graduate
Education. Pre-school is not universal because only affluent family can send their kids to
profit the education in pre-school and the government just aid the rural that needed. The
programmes in pre-school are run by religious groups and open to all kids around four and
five years old. Meanwhile, primary education is consist of six years of education that referred
to as Year 1 to Year 6 which is begin at six years old and ends at 12 years old. At the primary
education stage, student is requiring to undergo the UPSR (Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah)
that include the subjects of Malay Comprehension, Written Malay,

English Language,

Science and Mathematics. After the student has complete their education in primary school,
they will further their next education in secondary school stage which consist of five years of
education that referred to as Form 1 to Form 5. In secondary education, student is requires to
undergo two level of examinations which PMR (Penilaian Menengah Rendah) at end of
Form 3 and SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia) at the end of Form 5. Then, the student that have
a pass result in their SPM examination will further their study either at the Form 6 or
Matriculation Programmes. So, at the ends of the student study at the Form 6 or Matriculation
Programmes, the student can further their own study again at the tertiary education which are
the universities programmes before the student can get finish their study at the post-graduate
education. Tertiary education is a programme that offers by public and private universities
which include of the degree program. Meanwhile, post-graduate degree such as the Master of
Business Administration (MBA) and the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) are
becoming popular and offered by both the public universities and the private colleges.
1.1 Objectives of Essay
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1. To learn about the Malaysian Philosophy of Education.
2. To learn about the vision and mission of education that implemented in Malaysia.
3. How to describe the 12 elements from the Malaysian Philosophy of Education.

1.2 Malaysian Philosophy of Education

Basic for any education system must be based on the well defined philosophy that
becomes the core of the education system. Malaysia experienced an educational reform in
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1980. The most significant feature of this reform is that it was based on philosophy of
education which was first documented in 1988. In Malaysia, the implementation of any
educational policies must be in line with the Malaysian National Philosophy of Education
that has been enacted. Malaysian National Philosophy of Education is express as follows,

Education in Malaysian is an on-going effort towards developing the

potential of individual in holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce
individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically, and
harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is
design to produce Malaysian citizen who are knowledge and competent, who
posses high standard and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high
level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the betterment of
society and the nation at large.
(Ministry of Education, 1988)

The statement of Malaysian National Philosophy of Education as outline above is

hoped that through education in Malaysia, the development of individuals or student will be
achieve in term of his or her human development in a well balanced personality comprising
the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical element.
1.3 Malaysian Education Vision
The vision of Malaysian education systems are,
1. To be leading education consultant and education consultant and education event
organizer.

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2. To provide Quality Malaysian Education services to foreign students and to
promote Malaysia as a centre for education excellent.
Malaysian Education Vision,

Sekolah Unggul Penjana Generasi Terbilang

(Ministry of Malaysian Education)

1.4 Malaysian Education Mission

The mission of Malaysian education systems are,
1. To be a well established and reputable in the education industry.
2. To create awareness among colleges and universities on the importance and
relevance of global market exploration through Malaysian Education Fairs
worldwide.
Malaysian Education Mission,

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Membangun Potensi Individu Melalui

Pendidikan Berkualiti
(Ministry of Malaysian Education)

1.5 Human Capital

Human capital is a set of skills which an employee acquires on the job, through
training and experience, and which increase that employees value in the marketplace.

Knowledge Workers (K-citizens or K-Workers)

Knowledge workers are people who use knowledge as a significant part of their work
responsibility. They use research skills to define problems and identify alternatives. As we

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know, knowledge workers is both across a variety of information technology roles and among
professional. For example, the knowledge workers among professional are lawyers, teachers,
engineers, scientists, nurses, physicians and architects.
Besides, knowledge workers also have benefits to organization which are,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Analyzing data to establish relationships

Assessing input in order to evaluate complex or conflicting priorities
Identifying and understanding trends
Making connections
Understanding cause and effect
Ability to brainstorm, thinking broadly (divergent thinking)
Ability to drill down, creating more focus (convergent thinking)
Producing a new capability
Creating or modify a strategy

These knowledge worker contributions are in contrast with activities that they would
typically not be asked to perform, including transaction processing, routine task and simple
prioritization of work. Then, a set of transitional tasks includes roles that are seemingly
routine, but not require deep technology, product, or customer knowledge to fulfill the
function which are include providing technical or customer support, handling unique
customer issues and addressing open-ended inquiries.
Generally, if the knowledge can be retained, knowledge worker contributions will
serve to expand the knowledge assets of a company. While it can be difficult to measure, this
increases the overall value of its intellectual capital. In cases where the knowledge assets
have a commercial value, companies may create patents around their assets, at which point
the material becomes restricted intellectual property. In these knowledge intensive situations,
knowledge workers play a direct, vital role in increasing the financial value of a company.

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2.0 THE 12 ELEMENTS OF EDUCATION POLICY IN MOULDING HUMAN

CAPITAL
The Nation Education Philosophy we can see in details through the analysis that refer
to some of element. These are important elements which are contain in Nation Education
Philosophy,

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2.1 Continuous process

Education is a process of getting and sharing the knowledge, skills, and competency.
The process of getting and sharing occurs in continuously and directly since our kids until the
ends of our life. Generally, pre-school is a beginning process to build and produce the kids
mind which around one to six years old. In the time, kids will learn a basically about the 3Rs
which are reading, writing, and arithmetic in Malay and English, before they move to primary
school. As a result, there are preparations for kids to continuous their learning and getting of
their knowledge before they move to primary education. However, in primary school
education, kids or children will learns more about the subjects like, Science and Mathematics.
In this case, Science and Mathematics is an important subject for student to develop and
improve themselves before they move to secondary school. Meanwhile, in secondary school,
students will be adding their others subjects to strongly their mind again before they can go
far to getting their knowledge. For example, during stay in primary school students just get
five to seven subjects only, but in secondary school they can choose they own subject based

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on their academic achievement. Then, after students has been complete their study in
government school or formal school, they can choose either they want to getting the Diploma
courses, matriculation programme, and Form 6. So, after they got finish they study there, they
can improve their knowledge again in degrees programmes at the public or private
universities. After end of their degrees courses learning, they can complete their knowledge
in PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) level. Our individuality develops during our school time.
After the ends of school, every individuals can continuous their knowledge, skills and
morality. Besides, the education process is continuous to help the individual to appropriate
themselves with a variety of differences. (Chong, 2008)
2.2 Develop individual potential
Every individual are blessed by God with talent, potential, and ability. So, the talent,
potential, and ability we can develop and increase. Talent, potential and ability can show
through the social interaction with others peoples and environment. Education should to give
opportunity to every individual to develop their talents, potentials and abilities. (Chong,
2008)

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2.3 Holistic and concept development

Talents, potentials and abilities cannot develop in separately. On the other hands, the
talents, potentials and abilities are circle because the talents, potentials, and abilities are
similarities to prevent the defiance among the intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and physical.
(Chong, 2008)

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2.4 Human well-balanced and harmonious

It is very important for individuals who have knowledge, a good personality, believe
in God and have good morals and good health. Balance between the above four aspects will
produce individuals who can live in harmony with oneself and others. Such individuals have
a resistance to face all challenges of life and willing to deal with any problems that arise.
Knowledge is socially constructed in collaborative atmospheres that higher relevant life
experiences to share and greater flexibility for faculty and students.
A good personality is about always thinking positively between their family and
friends. Furthermore, they have self confident, kind, generous, caring, and love their family,
so, give them well-balance in life. We should have good morals because we live in
community that has different thinking, races, and age. So, we learn the good moral that give
advantages when we communicate with them.
Good healths we get from take the exercises and healthy food. For example, we
should know that what food suitable for our body and the nutrient we should take every day.
Besides that, we also take the exercises three times a week to get the stamina and maintain
our fit body. (Chong, 2008)

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2.5 Belief in and devotion to God

Acknowledge the existence of God because the creator of this universe is our God.
When we know about the existence of God, we will afraid to do any problem that causes of
our sins. Acknowledge God as the creator of man and nature. Recognized that legal and
natural phenomena. So, we should thanks and appreciate what they give by our God. The
rules set by God. So, accept what happens to us is the needed by our God. For example, if
one of our families is passed away, we cannot bring that person live again whatever we do.
Furthermore, a couple cant have own children, they can try other alternative to have children
such as adopted child.
In our own religion, we learn about what is bad and good deed. If we make a bad
deed, we will get punished by God compare than when we do the good thing we will receive
benefits by our God. Practice the teachings of all religions they chosen. In Islam, religion told
that we should pray five times per day. But, we just pray three times per day so, we should
practice what the religion needed. (Chong, 2008)

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2.6 Malaysia people are knowledgeable

We should love knowledge without knowledge we are nothing. So, parents realized
the important knowledge nowadays that gives benefits to their children in the future. The
characteristics of Malaysia people who have knowledge is love to read, always try to add
knowledge for instance take the course, seminar, and continuing their further study. Try to
find the knowledge culture effort because to achieve vision 2020. Furthermore, our economy
will increase when we have knowledge people to develop our country. Society should have
bread and open minded because it easy to improve our education and expand our knowledge
from learns from other countries that have different ways how to develop their country.
(Chong, 2008)

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2.7 Malaysia people with noble character

The society should have good character and hold on to values and moral principle as
life. Moreover, we should take the task in dedication, perfect and efficient. It also gives
advantages that will produce quality product and believe from the customer if we give good
service to them. We can also manage time and work in efficiently to produce good quality.
We can manage time by doing own schedule and ask someone what we want to do. (Chong,
2008)

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2.8 Responsible people should reliable

Aware in every task and responsibility is trust, clean and efficient. Comply with
regulations and country laws. Effort to improve self, family, community, religious, race and
country because we should all of have own weakness but we can improve self by continuing
learning in our life. Furthermore, we can add information from experience and perceiving in
our life. (Chong, 2008)

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2.9 Malaysian people are able to achieve well-being

So, they should think critically and quiet when face any problem or make any
decision in life. It is because we have own solution to solve this problem. For instance, when
we want to accept offer from any university, we should think how much the finance and
which course suitable for you to take in that university. Besides, they have strong resistance
to facing the challenges of life. When they face any challenges such as debt that should pay in
months so, how face that problem. The solution is find any job that high salary, borrow from
friends and sell something valuable and so on. They cannot give up easily because of this
barriers and life must going on. (Chong, 2008)

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2.10 Malaysia people who can contribute to harmony and prosperity of society and
country
They should strive to foster national unity through the nature tolerant, belonging,
respect and so on. Strive to promote national economic policy based on the set. When we can
achieve develop economy help to change the life of our community. Often maintain political
stability and national security. Nowadays, we use democracy systems in the country so,
society have power to choose who want to become a leader. In addition, our development
have own security to protect our country from war and propaganda. Comply with the
constitution and the rule of the country. As a Malaysian people we should obey the rules of
our country. Defend our dignity, profession, religion, race and nation because to show that we
are serious to develop the country and achieve vision 2020. (Chong, 2008)

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2.11 Effort to achieve self-prosperous that have high physical and mental power
If they want ability struggle in life they should have physical and mental power to
defend any problem or challenging. We should have own style how to face our problem by
get advice from other else and take the counselling. (Chong, 2008)

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2.12 Contribute to harmonious and prosperous in family, society and country
Our life is guideline by used the Rukun Negara. It is provide understanding around
the family and love our country. In addition, follow the norm of society because give them
realize that we are same didnt care of colour skin, races, rich and poor. In Malaysia, we have
different races but we are united because we are under one nation. (Chong, 2008)

3.0 CONCLUSION

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As a result, education is a process of built and produce our personality and
individuality to be human capital that have good ethical and characteristics before the
individual can success in their life. In education, individual can learn a variety of knowledge
which includes many courses. So, education is as a key to produce someone be a good human
capital. Education is lifelong learning process because we getting the education through the
knowledge and the knowledge are getting since we born until the ends of our life. Besides,
education also prepares ourselves with philosophy that can aid us to achieve our successful
life, meanwhile also improve our skills to develop our potential.

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