API S10 - QUESTION BANKAPL510 - Authorized Pressure vessel Inspector 1, Pressure vessel inspectors are to be certified as stated in this (Api 510) inspection code. 2. When the ASME Code cannot be followed because of its new construction orientation (new or revised material specifications, inspection requirements, certain heat treatments and pressure tests, and stamping and inspection requirements), the engineer or inspector shall conform to this inspection code rather than to the ASME Code, 3. Authorized pressure vessel inspector: An employee of an authorized inspection agency who is qualified and certified to perform inspections under this inspection code. 4, The owner-user's inspection program shall provide the controls that are necessary when contract inspectors are used, 5, Examiner: A person who assists the AP! authorized pressure vessel inspector by performing specific NDE on pressure vessels but does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 510, unless specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner or user 6, The examiner's employer shall maintain certification records of the examiners employed, including dates and results of personnel qualifications and shall make them available to the AP! authorized pressure vessel inspector. 7. Authorized pressure vessel inspectors shall have education and experience in accordance with Appendix B of this inspection code. 8, OWNER-USER ORGANIZATION RESPONSIBILITIES: Reports to the authorized pressure vessel inspector any process changes that could affect pressure vessel integrity. 9 When inspections, repairs, or alterations are being conducted on pressure vessels, an API authorized pressure vessel inspector shall be responsible to the owner-user for determining that the requirements of API 510 on inspection, examination, and testing are met, and shall be directly involved in the inspection activities, 10. The API authorized pressure vessel inspector may be assisted in performing visual inspections by other properly trained and qualified individuals, who may or may not be certified vessel inspectors41. Personnel performing nondestructive examination shall meet the qualifications identified in 3.18 but need not be AP! authorized pressure vessel inspectors, However, all examination results must be evaluated and accepted by the API authorized pressure vessel inspector. 12. The thickness measurement procedure shall be approved by the authorized pressure vessel inspector. 13. The authorized pressure vessel inspector should be familiar with the operating conditions of the vessel and with the causes and characteristics of potential defects and deterioration. 14, INSPECTION OF PARTS - list - Authorized pressure vessel inspectors must supplement this list with any additional items necessary for the particular vessel or vessels involved. 15, The inspection, as deemed necessary by the authorized pressure vessel inspector, may include many of a number of nondestructive techniques, including visual inspection. Internal inspection is preferred because process side degradation (corrosion, erosion, and environmental cracking) can be nonuniform throughout the vessel and, therefore, difficult to locate by external NDE. 16, A RBI assessment may be used to establish the appropriate inspection intervals for intemal and on-stream inspections, including a potential increase in the 10-year inspection limit described in 6.4, as well as the external interval described in 6.3. When used to increase the 10-year limit, the RBI assessment shall be reviewed and approved by a pressure vessel engineer and authorized pressure vessel inspector at intervals not to exceed 10 years, or more often if warranted by process, equipment, or consequence changes. 17. At the discretion of the authorized pressure vessel inspector, on-stream inspection may be substituted for internal inspection. 418. If an on-stream inspection is conducted, the authorized pressure vessel inspector shall be given sufficient access to all parts of the vessel (heads, shell, and nozzles) so that the inspector is satisfied that an accurate assessment of the vessel condition can be made. 19. Long-term and short-term corrosion rates should be compared as part of the data assessment. The authorized inspector, in consultation with a corrosion specialist, shall select the corrosion rate that best reflects the current process.20. The determination of corrosion rate may include thickness data collected at more than two different times. Suitable use of short-term versus long-term corrosion rates shall be determined by the authorized pressure vessel inspector. 21. When there is a discrepancy between short-term and long-term corrosion rates, a pressure vessel engineer experienced in corrosion may need to be consulted about the use of these rates, at the discretion of the inspector, for calculating the remaining life and next inspection date. 22. When the authorized pressure vessel inspector believes that a pressure test is necessary or when, after certain repairs or alterations, the inspector believes that one is necessary (see 7.2.9), the test shall be conducted at a pressure in accordance with the construction code used for determining the maximum allowable working pressure. 23. Before any repairs or alterations are performed, all proposed methods of execution, all materials, and all welding procedures that are to be used must be approved by the authorized pressure vessel inspector and, if necessary, by a pressure vessel engineer experienced in pressure vessel design, fabrication, or inspection. 24. All repair and alteration work must be authorized by the authorized pressure vessel inspector before the work is started by a repair organization 25. The authorized pressure vessel inspector will designate the fabrication approvals that are required. 26. The authorized pressure vessel inspector may give prior general authorization for limited or routine repairs as long as the inspector is sure that the repairs are the kind that will not require pressure tests. 27. The authorized pressure vessel inspector shall approve all specified repair and alteration work after an inspection of the work has proven the work to be satisfactory and any required pressure test has been witnessed. 28. No crack shall be repaired without authorization from the authorized pressure vessel inspector. i 29. The repair organization shall maintain records of its qualified welding procedures and its welding performance qualifications. These records shall be available to the inspector prior to the start of welding,30. After the weld is completed, it shall be examined again by either of the above methods to determine that no defects exist using acceptance standards acceptable to the Inspector or code of construction most applicable to the work planned. 31. In situations where it is not practical to perform radiography the accessible surfaces of each non-radiographed repair weld shall be fully examined using the most appropriate nondestructive examination method to determine that no defects exist, and the maximum allowable working pressure and/or allowable temperature shall be reevaluated to the satisfaction of the authorized pressure vessel inspector and jurisdiction at the location of installation. 32. The repair procedure(s) to restore removed, corroded, or missing clad or overlay areas shall be reviewed and endorsed prior to implementation by the pressure vessel engineer and authorized by the inspector. 33, Repairs shall be monitored by an inspector to assure compliance to repair requirements. 34. Temporary repairs using fillet-welded patches shall be approved by the authorized pressure vessel inspector and a pressure vessel engineer competent in pressure vessel design; and the temporary repairs should be removed and replaced with suitable permanent repairs at the next available maintenance opportunity. 35, Temporary repairs may remain in place for a longer period of time only if evaluated, approved, and documented by the pressure vessel engineer and the authorized API pressure vessel inspector. 36. Fillet-welded patches may be applied to the internal or external surfaces of sheils, heads, and headers as long as, in the judgment of the authorized pressure vessel inspector. 37. A full encirclement lap band repair may be considered a long term repair if the design is approved, and documented by the pressure vessel engineer and the authorized API pressure vessel inspector. 38. Where use of these nondestructive examination techniques is not possible or practical, alternative nondestructive examination methods may be used provided they are approved by the pressure vessel engineer and the authorized pressure vessel inspector. 39. After repairs are completed, a pressure test shall be appliedif the authorized pressure vessel inspector believes that one is necessary. 40. Substituting nondestructive examination procedures for a pressure test after an alteration may be done only afler a presstire vessel engineer experienced in pressure vessel design and the authorized pressure vessel inspector have been consulted. 41. For cases where UT is substituted for radiographic inspection, the owner/user shall specify industry-qualified UT shear wave examiners for closure welds that have not been pressure tested and for weld repairs identified by the pressure vessel engineer or authorized inspector. 42, The pressure vessel inspection and rerating is acceptable to the authorized pressure vessel inspector. 43. The pressure vessel rerating will be considered complete when the authorized pressure vessel inspector oversees the attachment of an additional nameplate or additional stamping that carries the following information: Rerated by Maximum Allowable Working Pressure psi at FO Date Copyright American Petroleum Institute 44, An API 510 authorized pressure vessel inspector certificate may be issued when an applicant provides documented evidence of passing the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors examination and meets all requirements for education and experience of API 510. 45, An API certificate for an authorized pressure vessel inspector is valid for three years from its date of issuance. 46, An API 510 authorized pressure vessel inspector certification is valid in all jurisdictions and any other location that accepts or otherwise does not prohibit the use of API 510. 47. Recertification by written examination will be required for authorized pressure vessel inspectors who have not been actively engaged as authorized pressure vessel inspectors within the most recent 3-year certification period 48. Once every other recertification period, (every six years) inspectors actively engaged as an authorized pressure vessel inspector shall demonstrate knowledge of revisions to API 510 that were instituted during the previous six years.7. pun a ASME codes edition is issued once in 3 years and addenda, once a year - both on 1 July. Edition and addenda become effective on 1% January of next year (/.e., 6 months after issue). ASME Sec VIII Div.1 is Unfired Pressure Vessel and is applicable to pressures exceeding 15 psig, and diameters above 6.0". Pump and turbine casings are excluded from scope. Thickness of cylindrical shell t= PR +C SE -0.6P Longitudinal weld is more critical because it is subjected to double the stress than Circ, Weld. ‘Weld joint categories’ A, B, C, D ~ are based on joint locations in the vessel and stress levels encountered weld Types’ (type 1, 2, 3 .. etc.) describe the weld it self. Depths of 2:1 Ellip and hemisph, heads are D/4 and D/2 respectively. (D= Head diameter.) Weld Joint categories: Category A: - All longitudinal welds in shell and nozzles. - All welds in heads, Hemisph-head to shell weldCategory 8: - All circumferential welds in shell and nozzles, ~ Head to shell joint (other than Hemisph.) Category C and D are flange welds and nozzle attachment welds respectively. 8. Weld Types: Type 1: Full penetration welds ( Typically Double welded) Type 2: Welds with Backing strip. Type Type 4, 5, 6 are various Lap welds (rarely used) : Single welded partial penetration welds. 9. For full penetration welds (type 1), Joint efficiency, E= 100%, 85%, 70%, For the radiography = Full, Spot, Nil respectively, 10, Radiography marking on name plates (typically for Type-1 welds) RT-1: (E=1) All butt welds - full length radiography. RT-2: (E=1.0) All Cat. A Butt welds Full length , Cat B, spot RT-3: (E=0.85) Spot radiography of both Cat A and 8 weldsii. 13. 14. RT-4: (E=0.7) Partial / No radiography For seamless heads, E=1, If head to shell weld is fully radiographed (if Cat, A), and at least spot radio graphed (if Cat. 8) For Welded Heads for E=1, all welds within the head require full length radiography (since they are all Cat A welds) and head to shell weld is fully radiographed (if Cat A), or at least spot radiographed (if Cat. B) Compared to Cylindrical shell, thickness of 2:1 Ellipsoidal head is approx, same as shell, Hemisph. head approx. half and Torisph head is 77% higher. MAWP is calculated for: Working condition (Hot & Corroded). Vessel MAWP is always taken at the top of the Vessel and is lowest of all part MAWPs adjusted for static pressure.3. owe Page 2 Hydro-Test is Standard Pressure test on Completed Vessels. Hyd. Test Pr. 1,3 x MAWP x stress ratio Min. Insp. Pressure (hydro) = test pr. / 1.3 Min, Test temp. = MDMT + 30°F (recommended) Max. Inspection temp. = 120 deg. F Pneumatic test is performed if Hydro is not possible due to design or process reasons. Prior to the test, NDT as per UW-50 is mandatory. Pneumatic Test pr = 1.1 x MAWP x Stress ratio, Pressure should be increased in steps (Total 6). 1% step - 50% of Test pressure 2"4 to 6 step - 10% of Test Pr. Insp. Pr. (pneumatic) = Test pr. /1.1 Pressure Gauge range should be about twice the Test Pressure, However, in any case it shall not be lower than 1.5 times and not higher than 4 times the Test Pressure. Vessel MAWP represents the Maximum Safe Pressure holding capacity of the vessel. Vessel MAWP is measured at top-most point. And is lowest of vessel part MAWPs adjusted for static pressure of liquid. For vertical vessels, Hydrostatic pressure due to liquid with specific gravity =1 1 ft of height 0.433 psig. Total pressure at any point of Vertical vessel is given by: Total Pr. = Vessel @MAWP +(h fx 0.433) (h = height from top in ft.) If part MAWP and elevations are known, Vessel MAWP can be calculated by the deducting hydrostatic pressure from part MAWP.10. li. 12. External Pressure analysis is required when vessels are operating under vacuum or they jacketed type. Ext. pressure is worked out on basis of Geometric factor A (which depends on L/Do and Do/t ratios) and factor B ( depends on A, ) Name plate shows The Code stamping, MAWP, design temp., MDMT, and Extent of Radiography. For the impact test requirement, use UCS 66 curve. If MDMT- thickness combination falls on or above the curve, impact testing is exempted, Additional Exemptions are given as per UG-20(f) and UCS 68 (c). ASME materials (SA) shall be used for code stamped vessel fabrication instead of ASTM (A) materials.10. 11. 12. aaa Reinforcement pad is not required, if the size of finished opening is — Not exceeding 2 3/8" for all thicknesses of vessel — Not exceeding 3 1/2", if vessel thickness is < 3/8” Reinforcement pad with OD = 2d and thk = vessel thk Is always safe (d= dia of finished opening) Reinforcement Limit along vessel wall = 2d Reinf. Limit normal to vessel wall = smaller of: 2.5 t or 2.5 tn In reinforcement pad calculations, credit can be taken for area available in shell and nozzle. Fillet weld Throat dimension = 0.707 x leg of weld Adequacy of weld sizes shall be checked as required by UW-16. The nozzles construction shall be one of the Code acceptable types. The maximum permitted ovality tolerance (D max - D min) shall not exceed 1% of nominal diameter of vessel If there is opening, then the tolerance can be increased by 2% x d (d = diameter of opening) if measurement is taken within a distance of ‘d’ from axis of opening. The mis-match tolerances and the maximum allowable weld reinforcement is more strict on longitudinal welds compared to circumferential welds (UW-35). Principle of reinforcement: Area removed = Area compensated. Compensation area shall be within reinforcement limits. For use as pressure parts, the plates shall be fully identified. Maximum permitted under tolerance on plates is 0.01” (0.3 mm) or 6% of ordered thickness, whichever is less. All Welding (including welding of pr. parts to load carrying non- pr. parts) shall be done using Qualified procedures and welders13. 14, 15. 16. Mandatory Full Radiography is required for all welding with thickness exceeding Table UCS-57, and also for lethal service vessels and Unfired boilers with Design Pr. More than 50 psig. PWHT is Code Requirement if thickness exceeds those given in tables UCS-56 (given in notes under the tables). These tables also give min. PWHT temperature and min, holding time (soaking period) based on P-nos. and thickness respectively. For Furnace PWHT, Loading Temperature shall not exceed 800 deg. F, Max. heating rate 400 deg F/hr/inch of thickness, Max. cooling rate 500 deg. F /hr/inch of thickness. Still air cooling permitted below 800 deg. F. During Soaking period, the temperature difference between hottest and coldest part shall not exceed 150 deg. F. Min. Overlap for PWHT in multiple heats = 5 ft.AX AAU API 510 is applicable to vessels that have been placed in service, and it can not be adopted for new constructions, Following are excluded from scope of API 510: a, All mobile vessels b. All exclusions of ASME Sec VIII, Div. 1 c. Vessels not exceeding 5 cubic feet and 250 psi design pressure or 1.5 cubic feet and 600 psi egy Oe ounh Ing Al ard 95) py Alteration: It is crangd in component that has design implications affecting pressure and/or temperature rating. Repair: It is restoring vessel suitable for operations at the present design conditions. Repairs do not change Pr-Temp rating of vessel. Authorized inspection agency. Any one of following: a, Jurisdiction organization b. Insurance company which under writes insurance of pressure vessels c. Inspection organization of owner-user d. Inspection organization under contract with owner user Repair Organization: Any one of following: a. Holder of ASME certificate & appropriate code symbol stamp b. Owner-user c Contractor under contract with owner-user d. Organization authorized by jurisdiction 4 2 Same 4va Sfemp- On-stream inspection means NDT inspection done on Vessel without entering inside vessel. This inspection is basically to know process side deterioration. Re-rating: A change in either MAWP or temperature rating or change in both,10. qi. 12. 13. Owner-User bears Ultimate responsibility for all activities (inspection, Engineering, repairs etc.) under API 510. Authorised Inspector is responsible to Owner-User to: a. Determine that all work (inspection, repairs ,alteration) is carried out as per requirements of API-510 b. By getting involved in the actual activities performed a Evaluate & accept/reject results of NDT and other tests. Repair Organisation is responsible to Owner-User for the use of proper materials, Quality Control, Workmanship during the repair work performed by them. Prior to any inspection, safety rules (OSHA or other) shall be reviewed and followed. NDT equipment shall be as per Safety rules and Protective clothing shall be used where required. Modes of failure: a. Chemical corrosion due to contaminants in fluid handled. b. Fatigue: Due to stress reversals (vibration, changes of temperature or pressure) c. Creep: At elevated temp (in areas of stress concentration) d. Freeze Damage: Failure due to freezing and expansion of water/aqueous solutions. e. Brittle failure: Due to loss of impact strength at lower temperature Jougrws » f, Tamper Embrittlement: Loss of ity in Cr-Steels due to improper PWHT, or seryice at high temperature (27009F) 69°F -UGi' -End~DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 5) For new service, or for changed service, if corrosion rate is not known, The corrosion rate may be calculated based on corrosion data for similar service, or based on published data. If both are not available, on-stream determination after 1,@60—heurs shall be made to establish the corrosion rate. Str &menths . MAWP = *"Yins0.69 Where t = t aetuat -¢ x CK Lint vened) Cy = metal loSs up to next inspection Vinpuma = I wod 4 nenk wnkumel Ce Ont Ae WAP For corrosion area of considerable sfze; thickness averaging along most critical element shall not exceed following length (I) measured longitudinally: a. Vessel 1.D. < 60”... | = D/2 or 20” use smaller value b, Vessel 1.D, > 60”.,. | = D/3 or 40” use smaller value The widely scattered pits, can be ignored if: a, Remaining thickness below the pit is greater than half the required thickness, ry b. Total pit area does not exceed 7 square inches within 8 incl) (ynwAot diameter circle. pis depen © Total sum along any line in circle does not exceed 2 inches (A). As alternative, evaluation of thinning of pressure retaining walls may be performed by employing methods outlined in ASME Sec. VIII Div, 2, in consultation with the Pr. Vessel Engineer. For surface remote from weld, (weld E < 1), shell thickness can be recalculated with E = 1. Shell area is considered remote from weld if it lies on either side weld beyond 1” or 2 times the thickness (whichever is greater). For dished Heads, the Crown portion lies within a circle concentric to dish but with circle dia. = 0.8 x shell dia. For Ellipsoidal or Torispherical heads, crown portion thickness can be recalculated considering the Crown as part of sphere of radius equal to D, (for standard Torispherical) or Ki D (for Ellipsoidal). Where, D is shell diameter10. i. 12. DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 5) For ellipsoidal head K; depends on D/2h ratio (h=head depth) For 2:1 Ellipsoidal Head, Ki, = 0.9 Fitness for Service evaluations are performed as per API RP 579. Av o> RBI methodology is based on assessment of Likelihood of failiire (LOF) and Consequence of Failure (COF) and is conducted and documented as per API RP 580. RBI assessment may be used as an alternative to establish the Frequency of Internal and External Inspections. If 10 year limit Is increased based on RBI, the RBI assessment shall be reviewed and approved by both Pressure Vessel Engineer and Inspector at intervals not exceeding 10 years or more often if LOF or COF changes. ---End--DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 6) Frequency of inspection: a. External visual: 5 years or same as internal (or on-steam) inspection, use smaller duration. b. Internal/on-stream: Smaller of half remaining life or 10 years, if remaining life is < ining life up to maximum of 2 years. |For non-continuous S61 external same as (a) above but interiar will be after 49” years of actual exposed life for non corrosive, where as wo) rrosive it will be smaller of half remaining life or #years, For Insulated vessels, CUI is likely to occur If there is possibility of moisture ingress and operate between 25-4e260-degrees-F. tu” 5 tb Ssh" CLD york W980 — Quntendn - Ss On-Stream inspection may be substituted for internal jnghectipn i 1, — artim —45 a. There is no access to enter. b. If Corrosion rate is less than 5 mpy and R. L. is more than 10 years there are no questionable conditions found during external inspection. Also, the vessel is not subject to Environmental damage or Strip/plate lined. Remaining life = Remaining C.A. / Corrosion rate Corrosion rate = Metal loss over a periad period of metal loss Pressure test: Min. Test temp. = MDMT + 30°F (thickness > 2") MDMT + 10°F (thickness s 2") Perform Pneumatic test, if hydro is impractical. If service conditions are changed, the allowable service conditions (Max. pressure, max. and min. temperature) and inspection intervals shall be determined for new condition. wh joa if both ownership and location are changed vessel shall be leaned internally and externally and allowable conditions of service and next period of inspection shall be established.10. 41 ena seers API inspector and P.V. engineer a 12. 13, 14, DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 6) Inspection records shall have 4 type of information: a, Design and Construction (permanent) records b. Running (progressive) inspection records ©. Repair and alteration (modification) records d, Fitness for service records For vessels whose material is not known, MAWP can be calculated assuming stress value for A 283 Gr. C material and Joint Efficiency equal to 0.7. Pressure relieving devices: Inspection interval not to exceed 5 years normally but for clean non-corrosive service may be 10 years, Authorization for repairs/alteration of vessels constructed as per: ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 4: Repairs | — API inspector Alterations — API inspector and P.V. engineer ASME Sec. VIII, Div.2: oe, If PWHT is impracticable, materials under P No. 1 (group 1, 2, 3) and P No, 3 (group 1, 2) shall be repair welded as follows (if impact testing is not required) wns VE a, Preheat to 300 degrees F for a distance 4" or 4t On either side of groove (t = weld metal thickness) b, Welding process shall be SMAW, GMAW, or GTAW c. Control interpass temperature not to exceed 600 degrees F If impact testing is required and PWHT is impracticable, the materials under P No. 1, 3, 4 shall be welded as follows: a. Adopt SMAWIGMAWIGTAW process — with temper bead of half bead technique b. Requalfy the procedures as per table 7-1 c. Use low Hydrogen Electrodes. Carry out Hydrogen bake out treatment if required (Electrodes designation > H4) For all other materials other than 12 and 13 above, PWHT shall be carried out after repair if it was carried out originally as per code of construction.Page 1 of 3 DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 7) Local PWHT may be substituted for 360-degree banding if: Original PWHT was not dug to service requirement Effects of Local strains/distortions are considered Pre-heat & maintainance of 300 deg. F during welding PWHT temp is maintained beyond the weld upto twice base metal thickness e. Heat is applied to any nozzles attachments within PWHT area. Centon obr ty Cuno. Dayety . Blond a. ae’ By preparing \--er-U=shaped=groove and depositing weld metal aooe For repairs of following : — Cracks at area of stress concentrations (i.e., nozzle welds) shall not be repaired without consulting the pressure vessel engineer. b. Localized corroded area: By weld deposit. Low strength electrodes may be used if thickness of deposit is increased by ratio of B.M. strength to W.M. strength and — Depth of deposit does not exceed half of thickness — Increased thickness is blended with 3:1 taper For repair welds, the weld preparation before welding, and the completed weld shall be checked by PT or MT. Additionally, the butt-welds shall be radiographed by the rules of original Code of construction (depending on joint efficiency). The carbon and alloy steel materials used in making repairs and alterations shall not have carbon content over 0.35%, Pressure test is required after repair/alterations, if authorised inspector thinks it necessary. Pressure test is normally required after alteration. Insert patches must be with full penetration welds, Fillet patches shall be approved by P.V. Engineer. Normally, a filet patch equivalent to reinforced opening is okay. Oz & fY¥Lp Normally, temporary repairs are replaced by permanent repairs at next available maintenance opportunity. But temporary repairs can remain for longer period if approved by P.V. engineer.10. a 12, 13. 14. 15. 16. DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 7) Page 2 of 3 Non-penetrating nozzles (including pipe caps) are accepted method of long term repairs for other than cracks. Full encircle lap band is considered as long term repair for other than cracks, Full encircle lap band is considered as long term repair for other than cracks. any oahu DA ON Ornvly ir mo enunul Re-rating calculations shall be done byspressurs=vess@\-engineer, and the inspector shall oversee the new stamping or New name plate showing rerating (new MAWP, temp.) is attached to vessel. Procedure qualifications give suitability of weld for required mechanical properties (i.e., strength, ductility), while performance qualifications show ability of the welder to make sound weld. Tension test gives tensil value, while bend test shows ductility and soundness. Radiography also indicates soundness. Thus, Procedure Qualification : by Tension test + Bend test Performance Qualification: by Bend test or Radiography Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed if failure is in: a. Weld metal at strength>= Base metal SMTS or b. Base metal at strength>= 95% of base metal SMTS. Bend test crack shall not exceed 1/8” in any direction. Radiography criteria are stricter than radiography for job. P-numbers represent parent metal classification of similar composition and properties, i.e., similar strength and ductility. F-numbers give similar usability aspects of filler material A-numbers give similar chem, comp. In “As welded” condition, Essential variables (EV), if changed require new procedure qualification, Non-essential variables (NEV) may be changed without new procedure qualification.18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Page 3 of 3 DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 7) Supplementary essential variables (SEV) are considered as (EV) only if there is impact strength requirement. Otherwise they are “non- essential” variables. EV and SEV are included in PQR document. EV, SEV and NEV are included in WPS document. PQR gives data used in PQR test and test results, and cannot be revised. WPS gives parameters to be used in production job, and must be within ranges qualified by the PQR test. WPS may be revised within the EVs qualified. The NEVs can always be revised without affecting validity of PQR. For performance, 1G Is flat, 2G is horizontal, 3G is vertical and 4G is overhead position. Pipe 5G qualifies 1G, 3G and 4G, but pipe 6G qualifies all positions. Welder who welds test coupon for procedure qualification test in certain position also qualifies for performance in that position if procedure Qualification was OK Performance Qualification of welder is affected if he has. not welded with that process for last 6 months. Inspector can revoke performance qualification if welder is repeatedly unable to produce satisfactory welds meeting the requirements. ---End--Page 1 of 4 ) ee 4 DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 8) ) ' 1, GENERAL: ) a ASME Sec. V is NDT procedure/methods code and is ) applicable only if it is referenced by the relevant ; construction code, The extent of NDT and acceptance 7 standards is given in relevant construction code. b. NDT equipment and their calibration shall be as per ASME ) Sec, V. ) c. _ Examiner is NDT person in employment of fabricator or repair organization. Inspector means Authorized Inspector who finally accepts/rejects NDT results. 2 EOR RT: a, Satisfactory radiograph shall meet requirements of density and IQI image (2T hole for hole type and designated wire for wire 4 type). ) b. Backscatter: Light image of B on dark background - Unacceptable ) c. Density Limitations: ) Min 1.8 for X Ray / 2.0 for G-Ray Max 4.0 for X / G Ray Density Variation = -15 % to + 30% d. Double wall viewing (DWDI) - Up to 3.5” outside diameter e. Penetrameter Selection: Table T-276, Thickness includes ) weld reinforcement. But not backing. f. Penetrameter shall be normally placed on source side. If not ) possible, it may be placed on film side with lead letter “F”.Pago 20 4 DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 8) FOR PT: a Control of Contaminants: Sulphur (for Nickel alloys) shall not exceed 1% of residue. Chlorine + Fluorine (for S.S. and Titanium) shall not exceed 1% of residue. Temp. shall be between Ste to 52°C, for standard b. procedures. c. Penetrants are colour (visible) type and fluorescent type. Each of these have: * water washable) yy, Yb a * post emulsifying + solvent removable Thus, total 6 categories of penetrant are available. d. — Emulsifier is applied after applying penetrant and required dwell time is completed. Lipopholic emulsifier is applied without pre-rinsing. Hydropholic emulsifier is applied after pre-rinsing. e For dwell time for penetrant and developer refer Table T-672. After applying developer, interpretation shall be done within 10 to 60 minutes. g. All penetrant materials should be from same manufacturer FOR MT: a. Prod Technique: + Use direct (rectified) current for magnetization + Prod spacing 3” to 8” * Useful for surface and sub-surface defects. b. Yoke Technique: "Use D.C. or A.C. or permanent magnet * Suitable for surface defects only.e SE-) a. b. c Page 3 of 4 DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 8) Calibration: Equipment Ammeter to be calibrated once a year comparing with standard Ammeter, take 3 readings. Deviation shall not exceed +10% of full scale, Lifting Power of Yokes = AC shall have lifting power of at least 4.5 kg (10 Ib.) * DC shall have lifting power of at least 18.1 kg (40 Ib.) Minimum two examinations on each area, the second is perpendicular to first IT: Pulse-echo method can be adopted up to 200°F Apparatus: 3 types «CRT read out = CRT + direct read out * Direct thickness read out Search Units: 3 types . Straight beam contact type "Delay line type (delay block to minimize dead zone) = Dual element type. There are two crystals set at a small range. Low roof angle used for higher range and higher angle for low range. High thickness measurement: Use of multiple echoes is made. (i.e., for thickness between 50 mm and 60mm, use 10mm calibration block then 5‘ back echo will be 50 mm and 6" will be 60mm. Set the 5'" echo to zero and 6" at the screen range, The screen is calibrated to 50-60mm,Page 4of 4 DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 8) While taking measurement for high temperature condition a positive error of 1% per 55°C (100°F) results, Hence temperature correction is necessary. CRT read out is recommended on corroded and rough surface. ---End-~DAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 9) Vessel inspections are for the safety, continulty, reliability. vp a 4 a /“Graphitization—in—Carbon-Steels takes place due to prolonged exposure in 825 to 1400 deg. F range resulting in decomposition Steel into Ferrite Crystals and Graphite Nodules. In-situ metallography is used to detect the-Graphitization~ 3. External inspection of Pressure Vessels and Exchangers should start with ladders, platforms, stairways connected to or bearing on vessel. 4, External surfaces of vessels shall be examined for not only for corrosion but also for leaks, cracks, buckles, etc. 5. If any settling is seen on vessel, nozzles and adjacent shell area shall be inspected for distortion and cracking. 6, Hammer test shall be followed by suitable NDT. 7. Grounding connection resistance shall not exceed 25 ohms but 5 ohms is normally preferred. ie 8. es. of acidic corredents-(PH“< 7) hydrogen blistering is)” xpected above and below (close to) liquid level, 9. Auxiliary equipments (Pressure gauges, sight glass, safety valves etc. may be visually inspected while in service. Undue vibrations shall be arrested by providing additional supports or qualified engineer should determine if these could lead to fatigue failure. 10. First step for internal inspection is review of previous records. 11, For heavy wall vessels at high pressure, major concern is crack damage particularly at the welds (Weld & HAZ). 12. Laminations run slant while cracks run normal to surface. 13. Spark testing is effective method for breaks/leaks in paint, glass, plastic and rubber lining. 14. UT is the primary means of obtaining thickness measurements. Other methods like profile radiography, Step-wedge comparison radiographs, Corrosion buttons, test holes and depth drilling are some other methods. 15. Tamper embrittlement of chromium steel occurs due to loss of ductility due to prolonged exposure to high temperature above 6500F. It can be controlled by limiting "J" factor for base metals and "X" factor for weld metals. klodDAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 9) 16, All fatigue failure take place due to initiation of surface crack and propagation of crack due to stress fluctuation, There are 3-types of fatigue failures. If surface cracks are due to stress concentration, weld undercuts, notches etc and stress fluctuation due to mechanical reasons (vibrations, water hammer etc.) then it is Mechanical Fatigue. If stress fluctuation is due to temperature swing, it is Thermal Fatigue. If initial surface cracks are due to corrosion, pitting etc., it is Corrosion Fatigue. 17, Corrosion Erosion is due to combined action of corrosion and erosion. It can be reduced by controlling corrosion (by coating or using corrosion resistant materials) and by controlling erosion (by controlling flow velocity, providing harder surface). 18. Caustic embrittlement occurs due to combined action of high caustic strength and higher temperature, It can be controlled by carrying out PWHT and upgrading materials by Nickel alloys. 19. Sulphidation occurs due to sulpher or H2S content in the fluid handled, It can be reduced by using Chromium containing steels as construction materials. 20. Hydrogen blistering takes place due to migration of Hydrogen items in the steel vessel walls. Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) takes place if several Hydrogen blisters join together in the material. 21, Stress assisted HIC (SAHIC) takes place due to propogation of HIC cracks under effect of applied stress. Crack propagates perpendicular to stress direction. 22. High temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) is due to migration of Hydrogen atoms in the carbon steels which combines with carbon in carbons steel at high temperature to form Methane gas (CH) which collects at grain boundaries causing internal cracks. It can be reduced by selecting the construction materials according toDAILY POINTS TO RECALL (DAY 9) Nelsen Curves. (The material should be above the point of temperature and Hydrogen pressure).DAILY POINTS TO RE CALL (DAY 10) API 576 provides practical guidelines to meet API 510 requirements for pressure relieving devices (PRDs). It does not cover training requirements, Inspection of PRDs is essential for: a. Protection of equipments and safety of personnel b. To determine condition of device itself and its operational characteristics Inspection frequency: @. __ Inspection and shop maintenance — Normal frequency is 5 years (max.) but may be up to 10 years for clean, non- corrosive, non-fouling medium b. Visual on-line survey — 5 years max. Safety valve is pop-opening valve, used on gases and vapors. Relief valve is “proportional opening” valve used on liquids. Safety relief valves can function both ways. Back-pressure correction is done on balanced safety relief valves, After the valve is removed from service, first action is to check its relieving pressure (pop pressure) in the “as received” condition: Subsequently, carry out detailed visual examination, dismantling, cleaning, and lapping of valve seat. Set the pop at desired pressure and confirm the same at least once. Carry out leak test. Leak test is carried out (at 90% of relieving pressure) by monitoring air bubbles appearing per minute under head of Y2" and comparing with acceptance chart. End-~API 510SECTION 1 - SCOPE 1. Which of the following activities is not included in the scope of API 510? a. Rerating a Vessel b. Operating a Vessel c. Replacing a Vessel head d. Internally Inspecting a Vessel 2. Which of the following activities is not included in the scope of API 510? a. Setting relief device intervals b. Performing vessel alterations c. Performing vessel fabrication d. Performing vessel maintenance 3. Which of the following equipment types is not covered by API 510? a. Heat exchanger b. Safety relief valve .* Distillation column d.*Process heater (furnace) 4, API 510 is used: a. For determining design details during a vessel alteration b. By petro ~ chemical facilities. cc. When evaluating furnace tubes. 4d. By all NBIC inspectors. 5. API 510 covers vessels constructed to which fabrication code(s)? a, Only ASME B&PV Sect.VIIL b, Only ASME B&PV Sect, VIII and the API /ASME Code for unfired pressure vessels c. ASME B&PV Sect. VIII and other current codes (except the French vessel code) 4d. VAny fabrication code6. API 510 takes effect: a. During the design stage of the vessel construction. b. During the fabrication stage of the vessel construction. c. Once the fabrication hydro or pneumatic test is completed, d. Once the nameplate is attached vé. Once the vessel is placed in service. f. Once the vessel has an operational problem. 7. During alterations most of the code requirements come from: a. API510 b, ASME Section VIII <4. ASME Section VIII or the construction code. d. The construction code. 8. Companies that use API 510 must: a, Employ an authorized inspection agency. b, Have access to an authorized inspection agency. € Either employ or have access to an authorized inspection agency. d, Employee professional engineers. e. Pay all API 510 contract inspectors $62.50/hr. 9, During vessel repair, if there is a conflict between the requirements of API 510 and the construction code which should be followed? “6 API510 b, The construction code c. Either the API 510 or the construction code based on inspector's recommendation d, The code with the most stringent requirements 10. During a vessel alteration, if there is a conflict between the requirements of AP! 510 and the construction code which should be followed? <4, API S10 b. the construction code. c. either the API 510 or the construction code based on inspector's recommendationd. the code with the most stringent requirements 11.An in ~ service vessel is being repaired or altered. If there is a conflict between the requirements of API 510 and the legal jurisdiction, which should be followed? a. API 510 b, The legal jurisdiction ~€. The most stringent requirements d. Either set of the requirements 12. An in — service vessel is inspected .if there is a conflict between the requirements of API 510 and the legal jurisdiction, which should be followed? API 510 The legal jurisdiction The most stringent requirements Either set of the requirements based on engineer and Al approval adce 43)A stainless steel vessel has a MAWP of 10 psig at 700°F. The vessel has a diameter of 24”and a length of 8'.The remaining life of the vessel is 48 years. What is the maximum internal interval? 5 years 10 years 12 years 24 years ~€. Based on Owner/User procedure 4\An insulated carbon steel vessel has a MAWP of 220 psig at 200°F.the vessel has a diameter of 4.5”and a length of 8". A thinned area from CUI aee8 corrosion needs to be repaired. the repair must be in accordance with: APL 510 ASME B&PV Section VIII Original edition of the construction code. Current edition of the construction code, Baege Owner/User procedure.15.Which of the following vessels is considered outside the scope of API 510? ~4. Vessel stamped with the UM code symbol b. 1000 psig hydrotreater reactor built to the Japanese pressure vessel code ¢, A 10’ long cylindrical vessel which has a 9" inside diameter d, A sphere rated for 20 psig 46.Which code is used for fitness for service evaluations? API 579 API 660 API 2201 ASME B&PV Section V ASME B 16.5 eaogd 47. Which code is used for RBI assessments? API 573 APLS79. API 580 API 2201 adeseSECTION 2 4. During an in - service internal inspection, a crack is discovered on a longitudinal weld. this crack can be evaluated to which code? API 510 API 579 ASME B8PV Section VI Cracks are never allowed in an in ~ service vessel ashe 2. Which code provides requirements for Hot Tapping? APL 578 API 579 API 651 API 2201 API 2217 ekege 3. Which code provides information on damage mechanisms in the refining industry? API 570 API 574 API 577 ASME Section V ASME Seetion XI 4. When performing controlled deposition welding supporting technical information can be found in: eanoks a. API 1104 b. API 2201 c. ASME Section VIIL U4, WRC Bulletin 412.SECTION 3 4. Which of the following is considered a vessel alteration? Addition of non-reinforced nozzle Weld build-up in a locally corroded area Replacement of a hemi-spherical head with a torispherical head Addition of fillet weld patch aSee 2. An alteration on a vessel is defined as: ~a. Any physical change with design implications. b. The work necessary to restore a vessel to new condition. c. The work necessary to restore a vessel to a suitable safe condition. d. Any cutting or welding performed on the vessel's pressure boundary. (3) An 8 NPS nozzle is going to be added to a 2-to-1 ellipsoidal vessel head. The vessel is ratet! for 350 psig at 00°F. The vessel has inside diameter of 72”. The largest existing nozzle on the vessel is 18 NPS .Which of the following is true? c a. This work will be considered an alteration b. The root pass on the welds must be checked with either MT or PT c. The vessel must be hydrotested after the nozzles are completed sd. This work must be authorized by the API 510 inspector (4. AA NPS nozzle is going to be added to a vossol sholl. The vessel is rated for 100 psig at 60°F. And has an existing 10 NPS nozzle which of the following is true? a. This work considered an alteration “6. This work is considered a repair c. The shell-to-nozzie weld must be radio graphed d. This work must be authorized only by the API 510 inspector5. Which of the following inspection organizations is not considered an acceptable API 510 Authorized Inspections Agency? aogo Ss Holder of an appropriate ASME code symbol Insurance company that writes pressure vessel insurance The owner/user The jurisdiction 6. Which of the following is considered on API 610 Authorized Inspection Agency? ae §&p The owner/user's operating department The inspection organization of the jurisdiction An NDE contract organization The inspection department of a vessel manufacturer 7. Which of the following equipment types is covered by API 5107 aSse Knock out drum rated at 12 psig at 400°F Tubular heater Unfired steam generator A 36" expansion joints 8. A repair on a vessel is defined as: a. b. ee 4. Any physical change with design implications. The work necessary to restore a vessel to new condition, The work necessary to restore a vessel to a suitable safe condition. Any cutting or welding performed on the pressure boundary./®. A vessel's hemi - spherical head has corroded is going to be replaced in kind at the next turnaround the vessel is rated for 150 psig at 700°F. The vessel has 60” inside diameter. Which of the following is true? a. This work is considered an alteration \b. This work is considered a repair c. This work is considered a rerate d. This work must be done in accordance with API 2201 10.Which of the following inspection organization is not considered an acceptable API 810 repair organization? a. A contract company that is acceptable to the owner/user “4p, The governing jurisdiction based on the location of the pressure vessel c. The owner/user that owns the pressure vessel d. An organization authorized by the jurisdiction 44. Which of the following is not considered a vessel rerate? a, Decrease the MDMT b. Increase the design pressure ©. Decrease the design temperature Al, Increase the fluid viscosity 42, Temper embrittlement occurs in certain materials when: a. The operation temperature is within 30°F of the vessel's MDMT. b. Weld repairs are performed and the metal temperature is below 32°F "The process temperatures exceed 650°F. 4d, The process environment contains low temperature caustic. 13, Low chrome materials are subject to temper-ombrittlement. These materials are: a. Brittle when new. b. Become brittle due to welding c. Brittle at temperatures above 650°F. “4, Brittle at low temperatures due to metallurgical changes that occurred during high temperature operationSECTION 4 4. Who is responsible to ensure that all of the requirements of API 510 are met? Authorized inspector Jurisdiction Manufacturer Owner/User Pressure Vessel Engineer Pressure Equipment Department Manager =sSogoe 2, Who is responsible to ensure that the authorized inspection agency functions in accordance with the requirements or AP! 510? a. Authorized inspector b, Jurisdiction +e. Owner/User d, Pressure vessel engineer . Pressure equipment department manager 3. Each Owner/User that uses API 510 must: Maintain a quality assurance inspection manual. Employ (direct-hire) at least one pressure equipment engineer. Maintain an “R” stamp for vessel repairs. Employ (direct-hire) at least one qualified welder who can make repairs to aoe pressure vessels.4, Which of the following is not required to be in the owner/user’s quality assurance inspection manual? Training requirements for inspection personnel Calibration of NDE equipment Directions on how to document inspection results Specify approval process for calculations performed during vessel alterations &Seoee Establish vacation policy for authorized inspectors. 5. Which of the following is not a role for the API 510 inspector? “A. Provide the Owner assurance that all welding meet requirements Provide the Owner assurance that all NDE examinations meet requirements Provide the Owner assurance that all inspections meet requirements aoe Provide the Owner assurance that all pressure testing meet requirements 6, During in-service vessel repairs, all examination results must be accepted by the: a. NDE supervisor. <6, Authorized inspector. c. Pressure vessel engineer. d. Repair organization 7. Which of the following is a role for the API 510 inspector? a. Provide solutions when welding problems occur b. Train on-site NDE personnel c. Authorize substitution of pre-heat in lieu of PWHT during vessel repairs (4. Evaluate and accept NDE results8. When repairs and alterations are being conducted, which individual or organization is responsible for quality control? a. authorized inspection agency 6. repair organization c. API 510 inspector on-site pressure equipment department 9. When repairs and alterations are being conducted, which individual or organization is responsible for validating that the materials meet the requirements of API 510? a. Authorized inspection agency “b. Repair organization ©. API 510 inspector d. On-site Pressure Equipment department 40.When NDE is performed on in-service vessels, who must maintain a record of the NDE personnel certification? a, Authorized inspector “5° Employer ©. Owner 4d. Repair OrganizationSECTION 5-Inspection Examination and Testing Practices 4, Allin - service pressure vessels in the petrochemical industry must: a. Have been hydrotested prior to service. b, Be built to ASME section VIII. c. Be post weld heat treated if the thickness is over 1 - 14" \4. Have an inspection plan. 2. Allin - service pressure rolief devices in the petrochemical industry must: ‘A. Have an inspection plan. b, be built to ASME section VIII ¢. be sot at a pressure not high than 120% of MAWP d. Have an balanced bellows. 3. The inspection plan for a pressure vessel should be developed by: a, The inspector. b. The engineer. c. Both the inspector and the engineer. A fillet weld patch Is installed on a vessel that has a 64” inside diameter. “ The wall thickness at the patch is 0.370”. There is another fillet weld patch nearby. What is the minimum allowed spacing between these patches? a. 8.4" 11.8" ve. 13.8" d. 19.5" @. 21.3" f 40"29.A fillet wold patch is installed on a vossel that has a 144” inside diameter. The wall thickness at the patch is 0.750”. There is another fillet weld patch nearby. What is the minimum allowed spacing between these patches? a. roao & 30.A a. b. c. “ad. Qa va. peaos 25.5" 29.4" 36" 40" 41.6" 48" full encirclement lap band on a vessel: is never allowed requires rounded corners requires approval by the owner requires approval by the authorized inspector and the engineer full encirclement lap band on a vessel: can not be used to cover a crack can not be used to cover a locally thinned area must have its longitudinal welds examined by full RT must have its longitudinal welds examined by spot RT must have all its welds examined by spot RT 32, A full encirclement lap band Is used on a vessel? What is required joint efficiency for the circumferential fillet weld? =epeaogdh 0.45 0.55 0.85 0.90 based on the original construction code based on the current edition of ASME Section VIII@ywnich of tho following is considered a permanent repair? a. Fillet weld patch b. Full encirclement lap band cc. Non-metallic patch 2 Non-penetrating nozzle 69.4 non-penetrating nozzle can not be used: 600 psig) that contains some water b, Welding with wet electrodes By product of some corrosion cells d, Moleoular hydrogen disassociating at elevated temperature46. A welded repair is made to stainless steel cladding. The vessel's base material is carbon steel. the completed weld repair should be examined using: a. MT >. PT ©. MT or PT d. MT and UT (flaw detection) e. PT and UT (flaw detection) f. MT or PT, and UT (flaw detection) @a wolded repair is made to stainless steel cladding. The vessel's base material is { P-4 steel) the completed weld repair should be examined using: a. b. c. MT orPT d. MT and UT (flaw detection) (. PT and UT (flaw detection) f. MT or PT, and UT (flaw detection) ae 48.A vessel kes bas} material is clad with stainless steel. During the turnaround, welded repairs are made to the cladding .UT flaw detection of the repair area: is not required must be done before welding is performed must be done immediately after welding is completed must be done ,but after waiting 24 hours es must be done, by a technician certified to EPRI49.A fillet welded patch is being installed while the vessel is in operation .this repair should be done in accordance with: a. API579 b. API 580 vd, API 2201 d. ASNT SNT-TC-1A 50.All welding done during vessel repairs or alterations must be conducted by a welder qualified according to: API 577 API 1104 ASME B&PV Code Section IX AWS 01.4 Any recognized welder qualification code. oak&se 51.All welding done during vessel repairs or alterations must be conducted to aweld procedure qualified according to: APLS77 API 1104 ASME B&PV code section IX AWS D1.1 ete es 52. During vessel repairs or alterations, welding records shall be: 4yprww- Authorized inspector Owner/User Pressure vessel engineer Repair organization Welding inspector okege63. During vessel repairs or alterations, welding records shall be: 4. available to the authorized inspector b. provided in both paper and electronic versions ¢. completed on the sample forms provide in ASME Section IX d. Reviewed by a certified welding engineer. nozzle is installed on a 5% chrome vessel. a local postweld heat treatment may be substituted for a 360° postweld heat treatment band provided this procedure is reviewed by the: authorized inspector pressure vessel engineer authorized inspector and the pressure vessel engineer authorized inspector or the pressure vessel engineer eae Se owner/user 55.A nozzle is installed on a thick-wall carbon steel vessel. A local postweld heat treatment is being substituted for a 360° postweld heat treatment band, What preheat temperature must be maintained during welding? 250°F. 300°F. 400°F. 500°F. 00°F. 66.A local postweld heat treatment is substituted for a 360° postweld heat. the minimum number of thermocouples that must be used to monitor this heat treatment? 2 3 4 6 None are needed, who really cares about the temperature anyway? eae ke treatment band, What caoch(outing a vessel repair, if a preheat is substituted for a post-weld heat treatment, who is required to approve this substitution? Authorized inspector Owner/User Pressure vessel engineer Authorized inspector and the pressure vessel engineer Repair organization (and have that fox guard the hen-house!) ease §8.Welding is performed on an in-service vessel. If a controlled deposition welding is substituted for a post-weld heat treatment, who is required to approve this substitution? Authorized inspector Owner/User Pressure vessel engineer Authorized inspector and the pressure vessel engineer Repair organization (and have that fox guard the hen-housel) Sr asets When is substituting preheat for a postweld heat treatment not usually @ recommended? P1 and P3 materials P1, P3 and P4 materials Vessels with wall thickness exceeding 1-1/2" Vessels subject to stress corrosion cracking When your father-in-law owns stock in the local PWHT company . During a vessel repair or alteration, when can preheating be used as an alternative for postweld heat treating? For p1, p3 and p4 materials For pt ,p3 & p4 materials For p3, p4 and p5 materials For p1 through p11 materials eaogS Bs hoes Whenever the inspector reviews and approves the procedure61.Welding is performed on an in-service vessel. What welding processes can be used when using preheat as a substitute for postweld heat treating? Only SMAW Only SMAW and SAW Only SMAW and GMAW Only SMAW ,and GTAW e. Only SMAW,GMAW and GTAW Only SMAW, SAW,GMAW and GTAW g. Any welding process provided the engineer approves ae sp 62. f preheating Is performed in lieu of a PWHT, what is the minimum preheat temperature that must be maintained during welding? 250°F. 300°F. 400°F. 500°F. 600°F, eee &e 63. If preheating is performed in lieu of a PWHT, what is the maximum allowed interpass temperature? a. 250°F. b. 300°F. c. 400°F, 500°F. ve. 600°F,64, During a vessel repair or alteration, when can controlled deposition welding be used as on alternative for postweld heat treating? a, for p1, p3 and p4 materials LB. pt ,p3 & p4 materials c, for p3, p4 and pS materials d._ for pt through p11 materials e. Whenever the inspector reviews and approves the procedure 65.Welding is performed on an in-service vessel. What welding processes can be used when using controlled deposition welding as a substitute for postweld heat treating? a. Only SMAW b. Only SMAW and SAW cc. Only SMAW and GMAW d. Only SMAW ,and GTAW Le. Only SMAW,GMAW and GTAW f. Only SMAW, SAW,GMAW and GTAW g. Any welding process provided the engineer approves 66.Which of the following must be done when performing controlled deposition welding as a substitute for postweld heat treating? L4. Prior to welding, develop and qualify a specific WPS for each application b. During welding, maintain a 400°F interpass temperature c. After welding , perform an UT flaw detection examination After welding , perform a pressure test 267. Temper ~bead welding (a type of controlled deposition welding) using the ‘SMAW process is performed in lieu of a postweld heat treatment. What preheat maintenance temperature should be maintained at the completion of welding? a, 250°F +/-50°F. . 300°F +/-50°F, cc. 400°F +/-50°F, <. 500°F +/-50°F, e. 600°F +/-50°F. 68. If controlled deposition welding Is performed using SMAW, the weld must be heated at 500°F for 2 hours. What is the primary purpose of maintaining this heat? 4, Out-gassing any hydrogen that is in the weld b. Relief stresses in the weld c. Maximize the amount of Pearlite in the weld metal d. Reduce the size of the grains in the weld metal GSA corroded area in a carbon steel vessel is being repaired by using weld overlay (Weld buildup) the vessel surface should be examined by: a. MT or PT before welding b, MT or PT after welding MT or PT both before and after welding A. MT or PT after welding , and UT flaw detection after 24 hr. MT or PT both before and after welding, and UT flaw detection after 24 hrs.@. A carbon steel vessel has a corroded area that will be repaired with an insert patch. The vessel’s nameplate is stamped with an RT-3. The insert plate welds should be examined using: a. Spot RT , Full RT . MT or PTI d, Eddy current @.a carbon steel vessel has a corroded area that will be repaired with an insert patch. The vessel’s nameplate is stamped with an RT-1. The insert plate welds should be examined using: a. Spot RT “6. Full RT ¢. MT or PTI d. Eddy current 72, carbon steel vessel has a corroded area that will be repaired with an insert patch. The vessel's welds will be examined using radiography. the acceptance criteria for these welds shall be in accordance with: a, API 510 Ub. ASME Section VIII or other applicable pressure vessel code. c. ASME Section IX or other applicable welding code. d. ASNT SNT-TC-A1. 73.Vessel rerating calculations should normally be performed by a(n): a. inspector b, manufacturer . engineer <4 manufacturer or engineer e. repair organization74. The vessel is rerated to a higher MAWP. A 300 psig pressure test is” required to support the new MAWP. When is a pressure test not required as part of this rerate? a, There are no exceptions; a pressure test is always required b. If the inspector believes one is not necessary c. When it has been pressure tested at some prior date at any pressure ud. When it has been pressure tested at some prior date at any pressure>_ 300 psig e. When the vessel can not support the weight of liquid, 78.A rerate is to be performed on a vessel. the current ASME code can not be used for this rerate if the vessel was built to the ASME Code prior to: a, 1953 Us. 1968 c. 1980 d. 2000SET-1 API 510 Study Guide —Answers November 2013 Sect 1 | Sect 2 | Sect 3 | Sect 4 | Sect 5 | Sect 6 | Sect 7 | Sect 8 :NO Ss: 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 a7 18. 19 20 21 2D 23 24 25. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35, 36 39 40 aL aala) 2° Correct answer: ¢ 12. Area 8 sq. in > 7 sq. in —----- (NOT OK) Correct answer: aAPI 571API571 FOR 510 EXAM 4. Which is more sensitive to temper embrittlement cs 2.25 Cr-1 Mo low alloy steel Low strength & High alloy Cr steel All None ooeSe 2. Temper embrittlement \4. May result in Upward shift in DBTT b. May result in Downward shift in DBTT c. It canot be confirmed by the impact testing 4d. Itis more pronounced at lower temperature 3. For which kind of Damage mechanism inspection is of no use ‘Temper embrittlement Brittle fracture Erosion- corrosion Caustic corrosion aoSe Which of the following properties will not have effect on brittle fracture a. Thickness b. Stress c. Temperature d. All ve. None 5. What is the morphology of brittle fracture Multiple clamshell type Full of Branches Straight & un-branched Spider web type asses 6. Performing a warm pre stress hydro test followed by lower temp hydro test may reduce the likelihood of a. Temper Embrittlement b. CUl \, Briitle fracture d. Caustic embrittlement 7. Thermal fatigue Cracking may be suspected if the temperature a. is below 0 Deg C \b. Swing Exceeds 93 Deg C c. Is above 200 Deg F d. None@ Thermal Fatigue mainly occurs in a, Auto refrigeration equipment b. High tem High alloy Stee! sc. Coke drum shell d. Equipments in the wet marine environment 9, Thermal fatigue cracks are usually a. surface b. Subsurface te. Wide Dagger shaped & oxide filled d. Spider web type 10, To detect thermal Fatigue Best NDT is a. PT b. VT 4. MIT (WEMT) d. RT Erosion corrosion depends on all of the following except Velocity of the impacting medium TAN level Angle of the impact All none Saose 412, Which may reduce erosion a. Decreasing the pipe dia to decrease the velocity b. Keeping the bends sharp & short Uc, Using replaceable impingement baffies d. All e. None 13. Suppose there is refractory loss on the stream due to erosion. Which Nat Method is faster a, UT b. RT ve. IR d. PT (4) Which metal has the lowest erosion ~corrosion a CS b. Monel ve. Titanium d. Al-Bronze (5) Which can improve the mechanical fatigue resistance a, Quenching b. Tempering c. Finer grained material M1. All e. None16. 47. 18. 19. 20. 2. C.S & Titanium will have endurance limit. So below which Fatigue crack a. b. ve, d. Increase with number cycle Decrease with the number of cycles Not occur independent of the no of cycle C.S & titanium do not have endurance limit at all Choose correct option oaSsn Aus ss exhibit an endurance limit Titanium do not exhibit an endurance limit C.S exhibit an endurance limit All None What is morphology of Mechanical fatigue a b. ©, Ad Straight Un-branched cracks Branched cracks Blisters Clam shell type beach marks. How the Fatigue cracking can be prevented best £ addon By Doing PWHT By Using correct metallurgy By using proper design While using marking stamps & tools prefer the high stress ones Usually atmospheric corrosion probability is very less a. b. « qd. at 0 Deg C at 100 Deg C above 121 Deg C Above 121 Deg C but under insulation which gives double protection Out of the following which may not cause atmospheric corrosion ofore Wet Rural environment Marine environment above 70 Deg C Bird Turds All NoneY J oath - donor, yak broker enraly Sor Vault Waker dun fewnd CMarra 2) tf you want to check for corrosion under CUI (With out removing the insulation) what NDT method is preferable RT b. UT c. ET dik 23. If you want to check the missing or damaged insulation what NDT is referred a. RT b. ET . IR d, UT 24, — How to minimize the cooling water corrosion and fouling a, Velocity more then 10 fps b. Velocity more than 5 fps c. Velocity less than 5 fps s|2 é L?} |lal elo <}o}olo | I R] 8] 818) 5] 8/8) 318 8 =) S$) 2/3) 2) 9) 5) 2) e)sleajaAPI 572w API 572 QB below the original design conditions is a permissible way to provide for additional corrosion allowance a. Re rating &. De rating c. Increasing the deign pressure d. Increasing the design temperature . Normally strip lining material will be made up of va. More corrosion resistant alloy b. Less corrosion resistant alloy c. More ductile alloy d. More brittle alloy . Pressure Vessels can be made by all the following methods except a. By welding the ends of the rolled Plate ib. Hot Forging c. Multilayer method 44. Cold forging . Which of the following making of the pressure vessels does not produce longitude seam in the cylinder a. By welding the ends of the rolled Plate \s. Hot Forging c. Multilayer method d, Cold forging&.For construction of heavy wall reactor subject to high pressure what method of Pressure vessel fabrication is used a. By welding the ends of the rolled plate 8. Multi layer method c. Hot Forging d. All e. None 6. In the case of heat exchanger tubes for sea water application which matorial is proferred a. Carbon Steel b. Aus SS c. Duplex U4, Titanium © Tube sheets of Heat Exchanger bundles where water is the condensing medium a. High alloy steel b. Admiralty brass c. Steel M4. All e. None @. A carbon-steel vessel is found it is susceptible to corrosion in the process side. It operates at high pressure & temperature. Which method is preferable a. Use Cathodic protection methods b. Use anodic protection approach c. Use inner lining of suitable corrosion resistant material \d, Use material of the vessel as suitable solid alloy steel G@ FRP means a. Fast reinforced pressure vessel ub. Fiber reinforced Plastic c.ltis a kind of metallic vessel to resist corrosion and Fouling d. None(9. Pressure vessels Are used for all the following purposes except a. Thermal reactor b. Fractionator we. Surge drum d. All «a? None 44. The one of the primary reasons for inspections are La. Safety b. Reliability c. Regulatory requirements d. All e. Non 42, The reasons for inspections aro a. To determine the Physical condition of the vessel b.To determine the type, rate & cause of damage mechanisms c. To give the input for RBI ud. Al e. None 43. Inspections increases the reliability of the plant a. By providing more data so optimization of the resources is being effected b. By doing more inspection a sense of confidence is installed in Buyer's Heart \é. By reducing the number & duration of unplanned shut down d. All e. None= 16. q7 18, vad. All e. Regulatory requirements covers only those conditions that affect a. Only the Risk & reliability concerns b. Financial & Business Concerns c. Health & safety concerns «4, Safety & environmental concerns Most vessels are built with more wall thk than what is required to withstand the internal operating pressure a. To act as Nozzle reinforcement 445, Using a nominal plate thk rather than the exact smaller value c. To cope up with reduction in safety valve setting q d. All Ee e, None What is the minimum thk for the metallic linings applied in Pressure vessels a. Half of minimum thk required for the shell b. Half of the minimum thk required for the head c, One tenth of thk of shell exclusive of CA ud. None Extornal inspection of the vessels basically consist of a. Careful visual inspection b. Hammer test . Scrapping to remove oxide scales ° None What are the possible deteriorations of foundation a. Cracking b. Settling ©. Spalling wd. All e, NoneCradles are often --- to prevent moisture accumulation and hence the formation of crevice corrosion a. Riveted b. Sealed with mastic compound vt. Seal welded d. Caulked 20. Fine cracks formed in the concrete by high temperature a. Can propagate and become serious b. Conduct complete engineering study ~. Serious only If they expose the steel to corrosion d. May be due to the poor concrete material GA) Find the incorrect statement: Usually foundations a. May have Even settlement b. May have Uneven settlement Us. May have absolutely No settlement problem d. May have Uneven & of excessive amount @ Distortion of the Hanger bolt can be checked by -/ a, Visual testing Ub, By sidewise blow with a hammer c. By using RT d. With a direct strong blow with a hammer 23. Distortion of cylindrical skirts can be checked by a. Plumb line b. Straight Edge ©. By taking the diameter Readings at 60 Deg apart V4. all 24. If any settling has occurred a. Check the columns and load carrying beams for buckling 1&6 Check the nozzle & adjacent area for distortion and cracking c, Guy wires have to be checked for the broken strand d. Make the report & send it to the owner25. 27. 28. Which provides greater data density for good statistical information a. UT Analogue Thk Gage ‘wh. UT Digital Thk Gage &, UT scanning devices d. All MFL techniques can be used to detect corrosion on the vessels upto a. inch thk ~. 0.6 inch thk c. 0.75 inch thk d. MFL Technique canot be used to detect corrosion . It can be used only to detect flaws Grounding Resistance should not exceed - ~- ohms and its recommended value is ------ ohms or less a, 10,25 x6. 25,5 c. 100,10 d. 10,100 Tho most likely parts to search for the paint failure is a. Crevices in the weld seam b. Crevices in the riveted weld seam ©. The bottom heads of the vessels supported on the skirts in the humid locations vl. All enone29. 30. 3. y CUI is to be considered for the externally insulated vessels which are subjected to moisture ingress and also operate between a. 10 Deg f to 350 Deg F for Alloy steel and 140 deg F to 400 deg f for Carbon steel “6. 10 Deg f to 350 Deg F for carbon steel and 140 deg F to 400 deg f for alloy steel c. 10 Deg f to 140 Deg F for Alloy steel and 350 deg F to 400 deg f for Carbon steel d. None ; To Deal with CUI, the Following NDT Methods can be used a. Neutron back scattering b. Infrared thermography c. Pulsed ET ud. All e. None When no History exists on the particular vessel the minimum thk locations of thk measurement readings are a. One for Shell, Head, b. One for each shell ring & head c. One for each quadrant of each shell ring and the head a All e. None In the case of caustic embrittlement , the caustic material seeping through the cracks will often deposit a. Green colures salts Ub. White salts c. Yellow colored salts d. Blue salts33. Blisters are sometimes found out a. By using RT b. By using UT 6. By directing a flash light beam parallel to the metal surface or by running the fingers over the metal surface d. all e. none 34 Aus 88 fs son sy Ch ay Coarniion Clea: b. Chloride SCC xe Both d. None 65) Using -------- Techniques should be considered if c.s temperatures are in the range of 780 Deg f to 1000 Deg F a. Remote UT b. AET co. ET ad Replication technique 36, Extra cleaning methods like high pressure water blasting or power chipping etc are warranted, when the following are suspected a. Sco b. Wet sulphide cracking c. Hydrogen attack wa. All | e. None@) Choose the correct option a. High tem sulphur corrosion are more localized while high tem naphthenic acid corrosion is more uniform \%. High tem sulphur corrosion are more uniform while high tem naphthenic acid corrosion is more localized c. Both of them are of uniform corrosion d. Both of them are localized corrosion 8\__ Ifa steam is injected into a vessel a, Corrosion & erosion may occur near the inlet UB. Corrosion & erosion may occur opposite to the inlet . Only the possibilty of erosion exist near the inlet d. At that temp neither corrosion nor erosion occurs anywhere When the water is in the tubes of an exchanger VA. The outlet side of the channel will be more corroded , The outlet side of the channel will be least corroded c. The inlet side of the channel will be more corroded d, None : i is wine @ What is notle metal- Choose the best option a. Metal that is worn by the noble people b. Costly metal c. Very tough metal which cannot be eroded \ Metal that does not react with the environment and so available in it's metallic form 41. Choose the best option a. More noble metal will corrode more 4, Less noble metal will corrode more c. Both will corrode to the same extent d. Usually more noble metal are more anodic in seriesG2) Choose the incorrect option a. CS exchanger channel's gasket surfaces near the brass tube sheets will corrode more xb/ Shells of vessels adjacent to the inlet impingement plates will erode more c. Vessels subjected to the wet hydrogen cyanide are susceptible to the cracks in heir weld's HAZ d. All e. None 43. What NDT methods are offective for surface cracks a WEMT ber ‘6 UT d. All e. None @) Choose correct options a. Lamination appear like slag lines but they run at right angles to the surface b. Laminations appears like crack and they run at right angles to the surface Le. Laminations appears like crack and they run at a slant to the plate surface 4. None 45. Choose correct option a, Laminations appears like crack and they run at a slant to the plate surface b. If a lamination is suspected and it is not open enough for a feeler to be inserted , heating it to about 200 Deg F with a torch will usually cause the edge of the lamination to lip upward and open up c. Laminations can be traced by UT ad All «. None46. Choose the correct option a, b. ©. e. Erosion has smooth and bright appearance while the corrosion does not Erosion at the baffles of exchangers will appear as a series of regullarly spaced rings when a flash light beam is placed parallel to the shell surface Blister can cause shadows when a flash light beam is flashed parallel to the surface None 47. Choose correct option a, When a large blister is near a weld, usually thickness readings are taken with UT Gages 4x. If out of roundness occurs at intervals throughout the length of ce. d. e the vessel measurements are taken at each interval by the central wire or plumb line or optical plummet The condition of the trays affect the strength of the vessel All None 48. Choose correct option a b, ©. A. Welds constructed of high strength steel and coarse grain steel should be checked for cracks The grooves of ring joint flanges are prone to cracks due to excessive bolt tightening Metallic lining should be checked for cracks when the lining bulges or get wrinkling All None49. Choose in -correct options a. Usually non-magnetic stee! become magnetic after carburization b. Hammer test should not be used on the vessels under pressure or the piping upstream of the catalyst bed \Ux Pneumatic test is more safer than the hydro test as it uses only gases d. Now a days AET is used to test the integrity of the pressure vessel (6. Choose the in-correct option a, Vacuum testing is the preferred method as it can locate leaks b. Pressure testing is preferred to locate leaks c. To locate the leak remotely UT Leak detector can be used / None & Inside of the copper Heat exchanger tubes can be tested with a. WFMT 6, ET c. RFET d. RT 52. The condition of the trays a. Will affect the strength of the vessel b. Will affect the Leak tightness of the vessel \o7 Will affect the efficiency of the vessel d. No effect at all (3) The out of roundness of the vessel can be detected and measured if nozzle exist in the contre of the head a. By UT thk Gage wv By the central wire method c. Bya straight edge &_BY an optical shadow meter. 1 av anyon WD 2G3hle Covi ts Den Orly Wt Cw vx do.54, Choose correct option a. Vacuum testing is the better method to locate leaks \& Pressure methods is a good choice for the vessels that operates in vacuum c. Vacuum method can both indicated” Locate Leaks d. None 55. To check the overall integrity of the vessel of complex shape and where the vessel’s contents cannot be removed, use a. RT b. UT. ve AE d. Phased array 56. The more common way to test Heat Exchanger tubes for erosion crack etc is to use a, UT ub. ET c. PT d. MT 57. There is crack in the vessel which is not deeper than the corrosion allowance va Just grind out the crack not to exceed CA b. Crack is crack, Thoroughly repair IR by Gouging, Filling & Grinding c. Consult API inspector & PV engineer d. Monitor it until next inspection 58. Hore are several cracks in a plate a. Repair all the crack b. Leave the surface crack and repair all the subsurface crack c. Grind Surface Crack and Do Pt & MT for subsurface crack \-4, Itis wise to replace the plate60. 61. 62. 63. 64, As per OSHA refineries should follow a, API510 b. API 580 ve, RAGAGEP d. API 581 5.4 Immediately after the first on Stream inspection a. Fitness for service has to be conducted b. External visual inspection is a must c. Internal inspection is a must \d: Service history record has to be established 6.3 RBI doals with offorts a. To eliminate the risk b. To reduces the probability of failure c., To reduce the consequence of failure Ld? To systematically manage the risk ~ 5.2 -510 Screening of the Risk is done -. With unmitigated risk b. With Absolute risk c. Mitigated Risk d. Residual Risk 580 Inspection a. Affects the Probability side of the Risk equation b, Affects the consequence side of the Risk equation \<& Directly reduces the Risk d. Risk can be reduced only through inspection activities Inspection can always a. increase the risk b. Reduce the Risk c. Both d. none65. 66. 67. 68. 69. Basic methods of Risk Analysis a, Absolute & Relative |D\o|0/0|a/0 plole|alela|>leloleletele|a}>| kop aole alsjo>577 for APL EXAMS CLOSED BOOK (API RP-577) 1. What welding process is pictured? PROICTIVE GAS. FROWS ELECTRODE COATING flzcrRODE "COATING etecrnape stag Bean aad t Wed INETAL, 2. What welding process is pictured? p I ft NOZZLE 4 MOLTEN eee SHIELOING WELD MEYAL Gas SOLIDIFIED ~ ik ee METAL 1, SELECTHODE BASE METAL c. SMAW ae GMAW3. What welding process Is pictured? wane DIRECTION: OF TRAVEL, WELEING tone SHELUING UNGSTEN Gas morren weto i oul va, GTAW b. FCAW c. SAW d. GMAW Te een ROD 4. What welding process is pictured? DIRECTION ame tecrnonE pp OP TRAVEL, Maren sag MOLE GRANULAR FLUX, MOLFED WELD METAL a. GTAW b, FCAW vel SAW d. GMAW5, In the SMAW electrode identification system, a “4” in the third position would mean: a, AC & DCEN b. digging arc with deep penetration €. all position electrode d. both a and b @. none of the above 6. The electrode coating does which of the following: a. acts as a shielding b. acts as a deoxidation agent ¢, acts as an alloying and ionizing agent d? all of the above 7, GMAW is characterized by a a. cut length electrode b. flux core electrode c. coated electrode \d/ solid wire electrode which is fed continuously through a welding gun 8. Gasses for GMAW can be: a. inert and reactive b. argon or helium for some applications c. inert, mixed with some type of reactive gas ad? all of the above 9. In the electrode identification for GMAW, what does the “S” stand for, in the electrode ER 708-1? a. Silicon b. Spray arc @- Solid wire d. none of the above 10.When using GMAW, the type of metal transfer depends on: a. shielding gas b. current and voltage c, power supply characteristics 1d all of the above ©. none of the above14. Spray transfer is considered to be sa? the mode of highly directed ‘stream of discrete drops that are accelerated by arc forces. b. the least amount of heating to the base metal c. the process with the least deposition rate for the process d. the process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 42.Globular transfer is considered to be : pat the hottest GMAW welding type transfer b. the least amount of heating to the base metal Ler the drop size greater than electrode diameter. d. the process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 13. Pulsed arc transfer is considered to be a. the hottest GMAW welding type transfer b. the least amount of heating to the base metal c. the process with the highest deposition rate for the process Abe process that is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 14.Short circuiting transfer is considered to be a. the hottest GMAW welding type transfer ch: the least amount of heating to the base metal c. the process with the highest deposition rate for the process d. the process thal is a program of exact combination of high and low currents 15.GMAW is very sensitive to which tends to leave the metal unprotected during welding, 2” wind or drafts which tend to blow the shielding gas away b. ultraviolet light waves c. arc lengths d. all of the above €. none of the above 16.The process has an electrode that is not intended to bo consumed during the walding operation. a, SMAW b, GMAW c. FCAW

RONs38.When are location markers placed on the film side in SWV for curved surfaces? a¢#Concave side is toward the source b. Source-to-material distance greater than IR c. A cobalt source is used d\ Both a and b above 39. What is the difference between an inspection and an examination per Section V of the ASME Code? a. Inspection performed Al b, Examination performed by manufacturer’s personnel ©. There is no difference between the two d_Both a and b above 40.Geomotric un-sharpness is determined by ra UG 41.UT Thickness velocities are usually obtained from: a. Tim's Handy Velocity Book b. Table X 3.1 from E 494 ©. Non destructive testing hand book Both B & C, above 42.Name one typical discontinuity detectable by the liquid penetrant method a. .P. on an NPS 2 girth weld b. LF. at the root of an NPS 2 girth weld 9 HAZ surface cracks on a NPS 2 girth weld d. Slag inclusions on a NPS 8 longitudinal weld 43.What is to be done to excess penetrant remaining on the surface after the specified penetration time as elapsed? a.-lf must be removed b. Itcan remain on the part ©. It must be developed d. It must be removed with water only 44,4 single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Gobalt-60 source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is: a. 4.0 b. 4.8 eto d. 1.3 e, None of the above45.A radiograph is made using an X-ray source and two films in each film holder. IF the film is to be viewed separately the minimum permitted density would be. a. 4.0 b. 18 ©. 20 d-43 e. None of the above 46.A weld with a nominal thickness of 1.5 inch is to be radiographed using a film side penetrameter. The penetrameter designation should be: (Note: This is an open book question) a2 b. 30 ©. 36 d. Both a and b are acceptable 47.Personnel performing visual examinations to ASME V must have acuity to which of the following standards, if any? a. Jaeger Type ~2 sb Jaeger Type ~ 1 c. Equivalent to Jaeger Type ~ 1 sd. Either b or ¢, above 48.Visual examination must be conducted when the eye is within ” of the piece to be examined a. 36 b.v80 24 ds A2 49.For an object of 1 inch thk , for 2-2T, when peni is placed on the film side what is essential hole dia as per T 276 a. 20 thou wb? 40 thou ¢. 60 thou d. 50 thou 60.If For the object of 1 inch thk , for the peni to be placed on the source side what is wire type peni and what are the wire should be visible a, Set B, 9th wire b. Set B 10th wire ©. Set B 11th wire aA ©. None51.Pipe Single wall thk is 20 mm. Backing ring thk is 6 mm. Actual reinforcement is 4 mm. Allowed reinforcement is 2.5 mm, If we are using Double wall technique, which thk should be used for the peni selection a, 20mm b.Zamm 22/Smr0 ce. 44mm d. 475mm 52. Object thk Is 50 mm. SOD is 300 mm. Source size is 5 mm. What is ug and is it ok? a. 0.5 mm, ok b. 0.75 mm, not ok ¢. 0.833 mm , not ok 40.833 mm, ok 53. Thk of the plate Is 50 mm, SOD is 300 mm. Distance between the markers on tho film is 260 mm. What is minimum coverage required Fig a.10m b, 5mm of21mm . 5mm 54, The Following is the Test Meter Reading &Unit Meter Reading in the Amp- meter of the Magnetizing oquipment Is it Ok or Not? [Test Meter in Amp Unit Meter in amp 400 360 600 550 800 850 ~. Not ok in the lower end reading . Not ok in the mid reading ¢.,Not ok in the high end reading xd Not Ok in all the reading €. Ok in all the readings, 55. There was a IR 192 RT film Having the OD minimu 2 and Maximum 3.5 and OD near Peni is 2.5. What is your opinion a, OD is not ok in the lower limit b, OD is not ok in the higher limit AG/OD is not ok in both the cases d, OD is OK completely56. The scope of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel, Codo, Section V includes ( Art 1 T 110 &) a. NDE acceptance criteria \b/How to perform NDE to achieve a desired result c. Where to do NDE (i.e. what welds to examine) d. All of above. 67. For Ammeter calibration for magnetizing equipment, the allowable tolerance is ( MT -T 761.1 C) a. 45% bM0% ©. 15% 4d, 20% 68. For MT examination by Prod technique the magnetizing current required depends on ( Art 7- T 752.2) a. Prod Spacing b. Thickness of item under Inspection \9/ a & b above d. None of above 59. Which is/are advantage of magnetic particle testing over penetrant testing?(Art 7 1720) a. Itcan detect surface discontinuities with foreign material imbedded in them b. Itis faster on individual parts. ©, Itcan detect near-surface discontinuities. d,/All of the above 60. Double wall Double image technique is used for the radiography of (T 271.2 b) a, Plate welds be“Tubular products with outer diameter less than 3.5 inch c. Large pipes with outer diameter 200 mm and above d. Heavy castings 61. For UT examination using Pulse- Echo Technique, thickness calibration was performed at 80°F. An on-stream UT reading at a TML on a pressure vessol (operating at 680°F) was indicated as 50 mm. Its actual thickness will be approximately: a, 44mm be 47 mm cc. 48.5mm d. 50mm 62. The recommended minimum development time in minutes allowed for a material made of high temperature alloy is: a. 5 min b. 15 min 6/10 min d 6 min63.A 1” thickness C.S, weld with 4/8” thk acceptable reinforcement was to be radiographed. The applicable hole type penetrameter on (source side) and essential hole shall be a.“ASME 30 - 2T b. ASME 25 - 2T o. ASME 20-27 d, ASME 30 -4T 64, In liquid penetrant testing, a procedure is qual C, Pick up a correct statement, \al The same procedure is qualified from 10°C to 52°C. The same procedure is restricted to maximum of 160°C only ¢. The same procedure shall be applied to 5 °C to 100°C d. The same procedure shall be applied to temperature more than 150°C. ied to a temperature of 15 degree ok 65. Choose the correct option a. Pie gage has 6 pie sections b, Pie gage should be place with it's copper side towards the test surface c. Pie gage measure the exact strength of the magnetic field 66. Chose the correct option reg the number of peni and the peni designation if 26 mm thk and 1 meter dia vessel is undergone panoramic single exposure with ten films a, Minimum two numbers of 20 peni placed at 90 deg to each other b_Minimum three numbers of 25 peni placed at 120 deg to each other ©. Minimum 10 numbers of 25 peni at 36 deg to each other d. Minimum 6 nos of 30 peni at 60 deg to each other 67. It takes 8 Micro seconds to reach the back of the steel plate and return back what Is thk of the plate a), 10mm by 24mm ¢) 2inch d)_ UT canot be used in the stee! plate 68, What is Black light Itis Black colored light It the visible portion of Electro magnetic spectrum sits a kind of UV light Any light coming through the dark black fiter aj b) °) 22. 69. Fluorescent penetrant uses a) Wet developer b)_ Dry developer a Sometimes No developer at all sf a&b e) a&b&e70. Choose correct option a) Lifting power of DC yoke 4.5KG ») Lifting power of the AC yoke is 18 Kg c) PM yoke should be calibrated once in a year d) All 6}, None 71. Choose correct option a) Hole Type peni should be placed across the weld b) Wire type peni gives both Sensitivy & Unsharpness ©) As far as possible Film side peni placement is better d) All @)/None- E. 72. In order to eliminate back scattering a) Place Lead letter Bon the front of the object b)_Place the Lead letter B on the Film side of the object c)Piacve the Lead letter B on the Back of the film d) All @) fione-E 73, You can get elliptical exposure in a) SWS! .b)DWDI Offset method ‘c) DWDI Superinposing shot method -C 4) DWSIANSWER KEY ep ecploielel> lola jolola|alolol>|m>|o|o]>|0 Dfola|a|m|>|>)a/>|D)0|0!0/5] 5) 5) ololalolalolol> a:May 2011 ASME Section V TIPS GENERAL: a, ASME Sec. V is NDT procedure/methods code and is applicable only if it is referenced by the relevant construction code. The extent of NDT and acceptance standards is given in relevant construction code. b, NDT equipment and their calibration shall be as per ASME Sec. V. ¢. Examiner is NDT person in employment of fabricator or repair organization. Inspector means Authorized Inspector who finally acceptsitejects NDT results. d- Sec V does not give acceptance criteria. It Spells out how to do NOT FOR RT: a. Satisfactory radiograph shall meet requirements of density and IQ image (27 hole for hole type and designated wire for wire type) b. Backscatter Light image of B on dark background - Unacceptable c. Density Limitations: Min 1.8 for X Ray / 2.0 for G-Ray Max 4.0 for X / G Ray Density Variation = -15 % to + 30% d. Double wall viewing (OWD)) - Up to 3.5” outside diameter Penetrameter Selection: Table T-276. Thickness includes weld reinforcement. But not backing, f. Penetrameter shall be normally placed on source side. If not possible, it may be placed on film side with lead letter "F” g. Wire type peni refer T 276 h. Hole type peni refer T. 233 .2All process industries generally use 2 % Sensitivity and they prefer essential hole as 2T hole j. _ Densitometer should be calibrated once in $0 days with Step tablet ( Traceable to the national standard ) It should At least have 5 steps k. Densitometer should be verified after 8 hurs of continuous use, or at the beginning of each shift or when ever the aperture change ( Which ever is earlier) 1 Technique: Single wall Technique, Double wall technique Single wall technique is preferred In Double wall technique Two Sub techniques are there : They are single wall viewing , Double wall viewing Double wall viewing technique is used for weld of dia equal to or less than 89 mm, This Double wall viewing has two methods They are Superimpose method Use 3 Minimum 3 exposures ) and Off set Method ( Two exposures at 90 Degree to each other) m) Ug = Fd/D, So you can get good film of Low Ug if Source size is small & Source to object distance is more and object to film distance is less n) For Ug Acceptance criteria Use Table T 274.2 0) Location marker should appear as the Radiographic images on the film p) Peni should be based on the Nominal single wall thk + allowed code reinforcement. Actual reinforcement thk or the Backing strip thk should not be included q) Place the Peni on source side. If inaccessibility Prevents , Place it on the fil side with letter F 1) To detect Back scattering A lead Letter B should be Place on the Back of the fil cassette s) Light Image of B is a cause for rejection, while the dark image is not t) To Reduce or eliminate Back s scattering use thick lead sheets behind the film settle‘Article ~ § UT Method for Materials u) Hole pani should be placed parallel to the weld whiled the wire should be piaced perpendicular ie across the weld v) If 2 IQ are used one should be in the lightest area and the other should be in the darkest area w) When full circumference is radigraphed in single exposure ( Panoramic) Then minimum three IQ! should be placed at 120 Degree to each other x) Shims are piace if the peni canot be placed on the part directly y) Density range for Gamma ray is 2 to 4 and X ray is 1.8 to 4 2) Density at any point in the radiograph should not vary by more than - 15% or + 30 % from the density on the area of Interest( Say Penetrameter) The tem should not exceed 200 Deg F.. For higher temp Prodeure has to be qualified accordinly, In the same way high temp couplany & High tem probe gas to be used, For Every 100 Deg F excess temp , 1 % is the correction facter UT can be used for all the material where UT waves travels t constant velocity T= v2, T= Thk, V= velocity, t= Transit time Three kinds of display 1) A scan display, 2)Fiaw detecters with A scan display & direct Thk Read out, 3) Direct hk Readout For thin section Highly damped High Freq probe is used Dual probes are used for thk above 3 mm Dual probes are used for rough surface Std calibration block should have same acoustic velocity Maximum accuracy will be got from materials with parallel or concentric surface For thin section direct Readout units without A can display gives errors For Rough pitted or corroded surface A sean units are prefgerrable Scope ~ Selecting and developing UT procedure for part, components, materials and all thickness determinations Written Procedure: contain minimum requirement listed in cable 7.522 essential and non-essential variables procedure to be qualified when specified, Equipment: Plus Echo type UT instrument shall be used, frequency over range of the atleast 1 Mhz to 5 Miz, gain control ~ 2.0 dB of ISS 4, Couplant nickel base alloy > sulphur not more than 2508s or Titanium -> halide (chloride + Flourid) not > 250psippvo * Calibration Block: P1, P3, P4, P5 are equivalent+ CB > should be same material Specific product from, heat treatment as the material being examined + Movement of Probe < 6 in/sec (152 mm/sec) Calibration of equipment with the standard at the beginning and end of each examination, Thickness measurement > as per SE-797 + Documentation: Non-tejectable indication shall be recorded, rejectable indications shail be recorded with type of defect such as cracks, lamination etc + location and extent shall be recorded + Thk Gage Standardisation Block: 4 step wedge has got steps thk 0.25in , 0.in_, 0.75in and 1 in 5 step calibration wedge has got steps of thk 0.1 in, 0.2 in, 0.3 in, 0.4 in, 0.5 inArticle ~ 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination Scope: Open to surface discontinuities, nonporous metals Cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts. Laminations & Porosity Developer — absorb penetrant & contrasting background Color contrast — Visible under white light Fluorescent -> Visible under Ultravoilet light Temperature range ~ 10°C ~ 52°C (50°F — 125° F) Procedure revision is required > change of product or Type of cleaning changed or process or Grit blasting or acid treatment. Penetrant materials > penetrant, emulsifier, solvent cleaning agent, developer ete. Material Nickel alloy, SS, Titanium > certification of penetrant is required nts: nickel alloy ->sample penetrant (except cleaners) Residue should be less than 0.0025 grams Sulphur should be less than 1% of residue weight Residue should be less than 0.005 grams Sulphur should be less than 1% of residue weight Austenitic stainless steel Penetrant analyzing method is same as above (Nickel Alloy) Residue weight is also same as above (0.0025 gram) caso) Total chlorine + Fluorine content should be less than 1% of weight lacey + Surface preparation -> area to be examined and adjacent are within 25% shall be AIYeeccee + Typical cleaning agents > detergent, solvent, descaling solution, paint remover ete. + Drying after preparation > normal evaporation forced hot or cool air. + Techniques > water washable, post emulsifying, solvent removingTechnique For standard temperature: Penetrant and surface temperature should with in 19°C to 52°C (§0°F to 125°F) throughout the examination. Local heating and cooling is Ok if the temperatilre is within the above. For non-standard temperature: requires qualification. Penetrant may be applied by > dipping, brushing, spraying Penetrat and Dwell Time : Penetrant Developer Dwell Time in time in Minutes Minutes cp) Casting a> 5 \ Common Weld i Material Wrought, > 0 | } Plate A } All other All forms > 8 materials minyA or, isleephalestien dum pin 0 ound mony bee Water washable penetrant > water pressure should not exceed 50 psi and temporature should not exceed 43°C + Post emulsification penetrant -> Lipophilic & hydrophilic emulsification + Lipophilic > no pre-rinsing with water before emulsification, after emulsification rinsing with water + Hydrophilic > Prior to emulsification pre-tinsing with water time shall not exceed 1 minute, after emulsification rinse with water + Solvent removable solvents -> first remove with cloth or absorbent paper by wiping > then cloth or paper moistured with solvent likely wipe the surface flushing the surface with solvent is prohibited + Developer > Colour contrast penetrant > only wet developer Fluorescent contrast penetrant > water or dry developer Dry developer shall be applied > powder gun, soft brush, hand powder bulbWet developer Aqueous developer may be applied on wet or dry surface (dipping, brushing, and spraying) Warm air may be used, normal drying. Non-aqueous developer only on dry surface (spraying, brushing is ok), Deyvelopingtime-is-7-mirutes Interpretation > within f € 60 minutes after developing time ty lune Minimum light intensity shall be 664#G-{500-1tx) for color contrast penetrant Fworescontpe a ph Black light intensity > 1000 j1 Wicm2, measured with black light meter iNet /& Black light warm up for § minutes, Examiner should be dark area for gminute prior to examinationYoke Technique: Magnetic Particle Examination Applicable for ferromagnetic materials on or near surface discontinuities Surface preparation > surface to be examined * adjacent areas with in at least 25 mm Continuous Examination method:- magnetizing current remains on surface while patticles are applied Magnetic field accuracy is measured using 1. Pie-shaped magnetic field indicator 2 Axtifcial low shims 3. Hall-effect Tangential ~ field probe Calibration of Equipment: shall be calibrated at least once a year with an ammeter Lifting power of magnetizing yokes shall be checked daily prior to use AC yoke lifting power should be 4.5 kg (1016) min DC yoke or permanent yoke should be 18.1 kg (4016) min Examination: at least two separate examination on each area (ruil wei, pospodor ique: 19 mm thickness greater -> 100 amp/in ~ 125 amplin © >19 > 90-110 ampiin © Prod spacing shall not exceed 18 inch ‘© Less than 3 inch spacing is not permitted ‘© Current is > 25 V lead, steel or aluminum (rather than copper) tipped prods are recommended Only for discontinuities where are open to the surface AC of DC electromagnetic yokes are permanent magnet yokes Lif_ing power of electromagnetic yoke Should be checked prior to use within the last year Permanent magnetic yoke should be checked daily prior to use Dry particle for surface temperature up to 316°C Wet particle for surface temperature up to 57°C. For Non-Fluorescent particle: Lighting required 100 FC (1000 lux) For fluorescent particle: Black light is 1000 js Wem2 (light intensity is measured every 8 hours) Examiner should be at least 5 minutes in darkening area prior to performing examination. Black light shall be warm up 5 minutes to useSECTION VUASME SEC VIII QB 4. What will be the size of nozzle to shell weld for nozzle weld configuration? Conforming to Fig.-'’ of UW-16. (Nom. Shell thickness = 28 mm., Nom. Nozzle thickness = 16mm., weld size t= 12mm) a. 8mm b. 10mm of 12mm. d. 14mm 2. A radiograph for a long seam in new pressure vessel (UW 51) of 25mm thick plate shows 3mm crack, and 6 mm long isolated slag. Your decision for acceptance of the radiograph will be: uw 51 second column 182 a. Repair crack, repair slag b. Repair slag, accept crack ‘ce Repair crack, accept slag d. Accept crack, accept slag ) For vessel 2.5 inch thick, MDMT specified was 60°F and material of construction used was SA 515 gr 60, without impact testing. The vessel failed later due to brittle failure. Maintainance Department says SA 516 GR 60 should have been used. What is your assessment? a/ SA 515 GR 60 failed but 516 gr 60 would not have failed b. 516gr 60 would not have made any difference cc, Impact strength was not apparent reason for failure d. band c above 4, Choose correct hydrostatic test pressure from given options for a vessel with following data: Design pressure = 200 psi Design temperature = 675°F M.0.C = SA537 Cl Allowed stress (Ambient) = 18,000 psi Allowed stress (675°F) = 15,000 psi a, 360 psig b, 260 psig \of 312 psig d, None of above5. In liquid penetrant examination the maximum permitted rounded indication size for circumferential welds with plate thickness up to 4 inch will be: a. 1/8" b. 116 4/3/16" dw" / 6, A pressure vessel constructed according to ASME See. Vill, Div. 1 / with shell thickness 7/8” (Material of Construction P No. 4, group no. 1) is to be repaired by using insert plates. The requirement of radiography to be incorporated in repair procedure shall be: a/Full radiography b, Spot radiography ¢. Maybe a, or b depending on joint efficiency d, Data is not adequate 7, An in-service vessel with seamless 2:1 Ellipsoidal head 60 inch ID, 400 psi design pressure, (corrosion allowance = 0) and (S = 20000 psig) was inspected. Available thickness of only 6/8” was observed on the crown portion. The knuckle thickness was found to be adequate. Your assessment is: .a-Head thickness in crown portion is still ok for operation, b. Thickness is inadequate. c. Depends on the opinion of third party inspector 4d. Depends on the opinion of API 510 inspector 8, For a certain nozzle to shell joint (No corrosion allowance is required.) following data is presented. Shell thickness provided = 0.42 inch. Nozzle I.D. 3.2in. Pad size 6.4in, 0. D. Thickness of pad 0.42, Your assessment is: sa? Nozzle is adequately reinforced, b. Reinforcement is inadequate. c. Data is inadequate: nozzle thickness must be given. d. Data is inadequate: design shell thickness must be given.9. For a vertical process column with column ID. = 48" and height (tan-tan) 8 ft, the hydrostatic head for bottom dished head (2:1 Ellip. Type, ) will be: teens a. 40.6 psi ee . b. 42.4 psi 17 43.3 psi d. None of above 10. Following four new seamless std. torispherical heads are available for use for following design conditions. Choose the correct one. HEAD A Design pr = 235 psi, Head{.D = 72”, S = 20000 psi with no C.A. a. Design thk = 0.9882”, Provided thk after forming = 1.0" b. Design thk = 0.4886", Provided thk after forming = 0.5" c. Design thk = 0.6184”, Provided thk after forming = 0.625” \d Design thk = 0.7496”. Provided thk after forming = 0.75" 411. Following four new seamless (2:1) ellipsoidal heads are available for the following design conditions. Choose the correct one. HEAD B Design pr = 332 psi, Head |. D = 60” S = 20000 psi with no C A a, Design thk = 0.7382". Provided thk after forming = 0.75" b. Design thk = 0.9788". Provided thk after forming = 1. x7 Design thk = 0.4985". Provided thk after forming = 0. d._ Design thk = 0.7377". Provided thk after forming = 0.75" Head in HEAD A is to be analysed according to API 610, after placing “the vessel in service for 10 years, For the purpose of API 510 analysis, value of crown whose radius can be taken as: val 72" b. 60” c, 48" d. 54" 6 43.Fo# head in HEAD B value of crown radius for API 610 analysis can be taken as: a, 72" b. 60” 6. 48" d/ 54" \\ 44.The crown portion for HEAD A may be considered as the portion lying | entirely within a circle whose centre will be same as head centre and diameter will be a. 68.5" b. 364" 57.6"d. 54,0" ( 15.For HEAD B, the crown portion would Ile within similar circle of diameter: a. 60” b. 30” f c. 54” wy 48" ( 16/Required minimum thickness of crown portion for analysis as por API 510 for head A shall be: a. 0.3695” b. 0.4075” s0:/ 0.4235" d. 0.4825" (-17-Required minimum thickness for crown portion for head B as per API 510 shall be: ay 0.4490" b. 0.4262” c. 0.3652" d. 0.4863" 18. The minimum nominal thickness of new cylindrical shell with design pr=555 psi inside diameter = 58", S= 20000 psi and E = 0.85 with corrosion allowance of 1/8” will be: a. 1.0 inch b. 1.50 inch @/1.125 inch d. 1.25 inch e 19. After 10 years of service, extensive corrosion was observed on the shell (shell Nominal thickness _as per above question) over a patch lying entirely beyond 6 inches from weld for the vessel above. Thickness measured in this area was only 0.96”, while ‘on weld area, the corrosion was within expected limits. If Corr. Allowance required for remaining life is 1/16” (0.06"), the vessel is: \A. Safe for design conditions b. Unsafe for design conditions ©. Safe only if welds are fully radio graphed and ok d, Safe only if welds are UT checked and OK20.You are planning for the Hydro-test of a vessel with test pregsure 40Kglem’g, The calibrated, test gauges available are: 0-50 Kg/cm’g, 0- 400 Kg/cm’g, 0-150 Kgicm’g and 0-200 Kg/emg. Which two gauges are acceptable for this test? a, 0-50 Kg/em2g and 0-100 Ka/cm2g 'b. 0-100 Kg/cm2g and 0-200 Kglom2g «. 0-60 Kafom2g and 0-200 Kglomag yd% 0-100 Kg/em*g and 0-150 Kg/em“g 21,PWHT is required for vessels, constructed with material classified as P No. 3, Group 3 for a thickness exceeding: a. finch b. 6/8 inch ve Qinch d, 1.5 inch 22.Min. PWHT temperature and soaking period of weld with P4 and P5A, materials both with thickness = 3.0", would be as follows: 4100°F, Time = 2hr., 15 min. 1100°F, Time = 3hr 1250°F, Time = 3hr. 1250°F, Time = 2hr., 15 min. C ‘a.rol the given configuration, total reinforcement area to be ~ _eompensated will be. Data with usual notation: d= 100 mm, mm. , te= 10.5 mm, tr a. 920 mm sq. peor b. 870mm sq c, 1020 mm sq. 441050 mm sq. 24.The length of a charpy specimen is: a2.165" (5.0mm) b, 2.10" (54.0 mm) c, 2.15" (54.6 mm) , 2.00" (50.8mm) 2mm, te 25.General mill under tolerance for the plate is: a. 0.01" or 6% (whichever is greater) 5, 0.1" or 6% (whichever is smaller) c. Under tolerance for the plates is always zero 0.01" or 6% (whichever is smaller)26.A prossure vessel is scheduled for pnoumatic testing using the methodology of ASME Code, Section Vill, Division 1, with the maximum allowable working prossure = 635 psig at 376° F. The vessel is neither enameled nor lined. How many pressurization steps are needed to achieve the minimum required tost prossure, and at what pressure will tho visual oxamination be performed? ‘at’ 6 steps; 635 psig b. 6 steps; 793.75 psig ©. 9 steps; 635 psig d. 9 steps; 793.75 psig 27.A nozzle is installed in a vessel shell, as illustrated in Fig. UW- 16.1(i), using two equal size fillet welds. The minimum shell thickness is 3/4 inch and the nozzle wall is 7/6 inch minimum thickness. Using equal leg fillet welds, what is the leg dimension of the welds rounded up to the next larger 1/16 inch? a/ 76" b. 3/16" c. She" d. 1116 28.A vessel with 60 inches{)D is to be provided Std. torispherical heads. The heads shall be formed with crown radius and min, knuckle radius as follows (head thickness = 4.2 inch): 60 inch, 4 inch “b. 60 inch, 3.6 inch c. 25 inch, 3 inch d. None of above29.A pressure vessel with nominal diameter 1200 mm was inspected for ovality of shell. A opening of 200 mm I.D. exists. The permissible ovality at the vessel cross section which is 150 mm from center of the opening is: a, 12mm \.b? 16 mm c. 14mm d, 18mm 30.A pressure vessel has design pressure = 300 psi. Its safe stress values. at ambient and designed temperatures are 19,800 psi and 18000 psi respectively. The minimum hydrostatic test pressure and inspection pressure respectively for above will be: a. 450 psi, 390 psi b. 390 psi, 330 psi \.e 429 psi,330 psi d. None of the above 31.A vessel is to be pneumatically pressure tested. What are some of the essential requirements for this test? ‘a’ While pressuring, increase the pressure stepwise. b. While pressuring, reach the test pressure without stopping, so that pressure does not fall during pressurisation stage. c. Ensure that test pressure is retained till completion of inspection of all welds using soap sud. d. All of above. 32.For a Pressure vessel with MDMT = 2 deg. C, is to be hydrostatically tested. The test shall be conducted at a temperature: a, 32°C to 48°C b, 32°C to 120°C «. /19°C max df 19°C to 48°C 33,General “mill under tolerance” according to ASME Sec., VIll Div. 4 for the platos is a/0.01" of 6% (whichever is smaller) b. 0.1" of 6% (whichever is smaller) c. 0.1mm of 6% (whichever is larger) d. None of the above is a correct statement