ASAJAYA WATER TREATMENT PLANT

PROCESS

UITM KAMPUS SAMARAHAN

FACULTY IN ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING, AND SURVEYING

DIPLOMA UKUR BAHAN

(AP114)

BUIDING SERVICE 1
(QSD184)
_________________________________________________________

“Water Treatment Plant Process At

Asajaya,Kota Samarhan”
_________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY : AHMAD MUSTANIR BIN HADADAK (2009270736)

PREPARED FOR : MISS NORAZIAH BINTI WAHI

DATE OF
SUBMISSION : 15th MARCH 2010

CONTENT
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PROCESS

NO KANDUNGAN MUKA
SURAT
1 Introduction
2
3
4
5
6
7

INTRODUCTION

Asajaya Water Supply was first commissioned in 1980 when a 0.9 megalitre per day (MId)
prefabricated treatment plants was installed for Asajaya Township and the immediate
vicinity. However, within a few years,due to the rapid extension of the supply to several
villages in the surrounding area, new treatment works to increase the water production

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capacity was urgentlyrequired. This augmentation works which increased the water
production capacity to 2.3 megalitre per day (Mid) was completed in 1988.
With trhe improvement of accessibility eithin the Asajaya Peninsula resulting in
greater water demands, studies were carried out to formulate plans and stratergies for
meeting the long term water supply needs of the whole of the Penisula.
Apart from the upgrading system extension of the distribution system, one of the
necessary augmentation works to meet the increasing water requirement is this new 8
megalitre per day (MId) treatment plant.
The new 8 megalitre per day (Mid) Asajaya Water Treatment Plant is a modern up-
to-date installation and designed to produce fully treated water complying with Malaysian
and International Drinking Water Quality Standards.
The new treatement plant complex comprises of a new raw water intake, raw water
pumping main, a flow spilt chamber, two units-stage flocculation tanks, four units of rapid
gravity filters, one 2ML clear water tank, administrative and control building with laboratory
and workshop, chemical store and generators house.Full range of chemical closing and
treatment has been incorporated in the design of the new plant
Plant and equipment facilties include 6 units of raw water pumps, 6 units of treated
water pumps, 2 units of backwarsh pumps and air blowers, 4 units flocculators, dissolved air
flotation equipment,chemical feed equipment, telemetry, instrumentation and control system,
electrical equipment, generator set and other miscellaneous equipment.
A special feature of this new treatment plant is the dissolved air flotation (DAF)
process which is specially suitable for the treatment of low turbid and highly coloured raw
water as is the case of the raw water in Asajaya. This DAF plant is officially the first ever to
be adopted by the Water Authority of Sarawak
Construction of the treatment plant and related works commenced in June 1994 and
was completed in May 1996 at a total cost of approximately RM13.5 million

Asajaya Site Layout Plan

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PROCESS INVOLVE IN ASAJAYA WATER

TREATMENT PLANT

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PROCESS

Asajaya Water Treatment Process Flow Chart (DAF

System)

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(1) Intake from water resources

The treatment process depends on the properties of raw water and this properties of raw
water can be divided into three categories;physical,chemical and biological properties.The
properties of raw water depend an impurities in it such as macro(debris) and micro(very fine
and cannot be seen by eyes)

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The part intake of water resources at Asajaya Water Treatment Plant is from the river
as known Sg.Asajaya Hilir(Peat Water).Hence, the Raw Water Sg.Asajaya (Peat Water)
have been intake around 2 Kilometres by using centrifugal pumps

A screen is placed at the water entrance of inlet gate to prevent floating impurities
such as derbis,animal carcases and aquaric life from entering centrifugal pumping chamber
which can damage the pumping equipment at there

Cleaning of the screen can be carried out manually or automatic. After screening
process,water undergoes grift removal process in the flow spilt chamber. Flow spilt chamber
is the next process.

(2) Flow spilt chamber

After ends from intake inlet gate, the next progess is flow spilt chamber. "Flow splitting" is
used for diverting a quantity of water from a larger flow volume.Flow splitting is commonly
used to separate the water quality volume (WQV) from larger flows.

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The objective is to isolate the WQV as much as possible from the diluting and mixing
effects of larger flows. Isolation increases the efficiency of the pollutant removal mechanisms
of the water quality treatment.
The flow split chamber that use at Asajaya Water Treatment process is designed with
the "flow restriction“method. This is a less preferred method.
After this part, the flocculation tanks coagulation/flocculation is the next step.
With this method computations are supplied to demonstrate that the treatment
volume delivery opening is restrictive to peak flows (Q’s) greater than that produced by the
WQV.

Figure show the water that take from raw water sg. Asajaya that flow the
Flow split chamber, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

(3) Flocculation tanks coagulation/flocculation

Sometimes, the particles that need to be filtered out during water treatment are very small.
This makes them less likely to settle out and less likely to be filtered out. Chemicals called
coagulants and/or filter aids are added to the water and mixed in (flocculated) to make the

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fine particles stick together to form bigger particles that can better settle out or be filtered out
more effectively. Depending on the microbial and chemical makeup of the water, different
chemicals are used as coagulants. The purpose of these two steps is to improve the
performance of the remaining treatment processes.

Here the coagulant are being dosing. The coagulant aid that use are sodium
aluminate and sulphate of alumina.

Figure show the flocculation tank, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

(4) Flotation tanks formation of sludge blanket

The principle of floatation is based on the transfer of particles to the surface of a liquid
through attachment of micro-bubbles to the particle surfaces. This principle is opposite to the
sedimentation process whereby the unwanted particles or flocs in the latter settle to the

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bottom of the tank and clarified water is collected at the top to undergo further filtration
stage.

In the DAF system, size of the micro-bubbles is best maintained at 50 micrometer

(microns) in order to increase the contact surface area with the flocs and therefore increase
the solid separation efficiency. The particles are then removed as a floating sludge by
mechanical skimming units (scrappers), continuously into the Sludge Treatment Plant.

Schematic diagram of DAF flotation plant, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

(5) Filtration tank filtration of setteled water through filter

media
The filtering method that uses in asajaya plant is Rapid sand filter. In this plant, it use 4
units of Rapid Gravity Sand Filter. As filtration implies, water flows through a material that
removes particles, organisms, and/or contaminants. The material used is most often a
granular medium such as sand, crushed anthracite coal, or activated carbon. Along with

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varying the size and type of filter media, facilities are also designed to operate at different
flow rates through the filter media. Traditional filtration plants include slow sand filtration,
high-rate filtration, and diatomaceous earth filtration.

It occurs by forcing water through a membrane barrier. A membrane is like a high-

tech coffee filter. As water under pressure flows through the membrane, contaminants and
organisms are captured on the membrane and not allowed to pass through. Membranes are
not well suited to highly contaminated source waters because the solid materials clog up the
membrane almost immediately.

Figure show the filter control device, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

Figure show the filtration tank, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

(6) Disinfection free chlorine

Disinfectants used include chlorine, chloramines (chlorine plus ammonia), ozone, ultraviolet
light, and chlorine dioxide. Also, the calcium Hypochlorite is dising in this process. The
advantage of chlorination is that it continues to kill bacteria as water moves through pipes to
the tap. Its disadvantage is the possibility of disinfection by-products.

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Excess chlorine in water can combine with organic material in the water to form
substances such as trihalomethanes, which can cause liver, kidney, or central nervous
system problems, and are linked to an increased risk of cancer over a lifetime exposure.
Viruses and giardia are effectively killed by chlorine.
Disinfection is needed to inactivate (kill) bacteria and viruses that make it through the
physical removal (filtration) steps

(7) Ph adjustment & fluoridation

Prior to the treated water entering the first of two reservoirs, pH adjustment must occur
for corrosion control. Caustic soda Ash is added to the clarified water to provide water with a
minimum alkalinity of at least 15 mg/L and a pH of 7.0 – 7.4.

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Chemicals are added to drinking water to adjust its hardness or softness, pH, and alkalinity.
Water that is acidic is very corrosive to the pipes and materials with which it comes into
contact.

Fluoride is frequently added to the water in many communities to improve the dental health
of younger residents. The addition of sodium Silicofluoride can reduce corrosivity and extend
the service life of pipelines, storage tanks, and building plumbing systems and reach 0.5 –
0.7 ppm. Pipes may also be coated with chemicals to prevent metals like copper from
dissolving in the water. In addition, chemicals are used to reduce the leaching of lead from
old lead pipes and lead-soldered copper supply pipes.

Figures show the sodium that dosing during fluoridation, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

(8) Plant storage tank

After the final treated water was done, it will store and keep in the ground storage tank that
accommodate for capacity of 2.187 ML.

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Figure show Ground Storage Tank, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

Figure show Simunjan water supply treated water pumps, Asajaya Water Treatment Plant.

Conclusion

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JKR Water service connection at Asajaya (1995-2004)

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References

Books/journal

Internet

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Individual references

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