SOMATOM

Sensation 10/16
Application Guide
Protocols
Principles
Helpful Hints
Software Version syngo CT 2006G

The information presented in this application guide is

for illustration only and is not intended to be relied
upon by the reader for instruction as to the practice of
medicine. Any health care practitioner reading this
information is reminded that they must use their own
learning, training and expertise in dealing with their
individual patients.
This material does not substitute for that duty and is
not intended by Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., to be
used for any purpose in that regard. The drugs and
doses mentioned herein are consistent with the
approval labeling for uses and/or indications of the
drug. The treating physician bears the sole
responsibility for the diagnosis and treatment of
patients, including drugs and doses prescribed in
connection with such use. The Operating Instructions
must always be strictly followed when operating the
MR/CT System. The source for the technical data is the
corresponding data sheets.
The pertaining operating instructions must always be
strictly followed when operating the SOMATOM
Sensation 10/16. The statutory source for the technical
data are the corresponding data sheets.
We express our sincere gratitude to the many
customers who contributed valuable input.
Special thanks to Thomas Flohr, Rainer Raupach,
Bettina Hinrichsen, Axel Barth, Kristin Pacheco and the
CT-Application Team for their valuable assistance.
To improve future versions of this application guide,
we would highly appreciate your questions,
suggestions and comments.
Please contact us:
USC-Hotline:
Tel. no. +49-1803-112244
email
ct-application.hotline@med.siemens.de
Editors: Christiane Bredenhller and Ute Feuerlein

Overview
User Documentation

12

Scan and Reconstruction

14

Dose Information

40

Workflow Information

62

Application Information

106

Head

130

Neck

178

Shoulder

194

Thorax

204

Abdomen

240

Spine

274

Pelvis

302

Upper Extremities

324

Lower Extremities

336

Vascular

354

Specials

414

Radiation Therapy

452

Respiratory Gating

472

Children

492

Contents

User Documentation

Scan and Reconstruction

Concept of Scan Protocols

Scan Set Up
Feed in/Feed out
Topo Length
Scan Modes
Straton-Tube
UFC detector
Acquisition, Slice Collimation
and Slice Width
Increment
Pitch
Kernels
Extended FoV
Improved Head Imaging
Image Filters

Dose Information

14
14
15
15
16
17
19
20
21
26
27
28
34
35
37

40

CTDIW and CTDIVol

ImpactDose
Effective mAs
CARE Dose 4D
100kV-Protocols

40
42
43
45
58

Workflow Information

62

WorkStream4D
Workflow
Scan Protocol Creation
Contrast Medium

Application Information

12

SOMATOM LifeNet
Image Converter
Report Template Configuration

62
74
82
92

106
106
118
120

Contents

File Browser
Camtasia
Patient Protocol

Head

Overview
Hints in General
HeadRoutine
HeadRoutine05s
HeadRoutineSeq
HeadSeq
HeadSeq05s
InnerEarUHR
InnerEarUHRVol
InnerEarSeqUHR
Sinus
SinusVol
Orbit
Dental

Neck

Overview
Hints in General
NeckRoutine
NeckThinSlice
NeckVol

Shoulder

Overview
Hints in General
Shoulder
ShoulderVol

Thorax

Overview
Hints in General
ThoraxRoutine

121
125
129

130
130
133
136
140
142
146
150
152
156
160
162
166
170
174

178
178
180
182
186
190

194
194
195
198
202

204
204
206
210

Contents

ThoraxCombi
ThoraxVol
ThoraxHR
ThoraxSeqHR
ThoraxECGSeqHR
LungLowDose
LungCARE

Abdomen

Overview
Hints in General
AbdomenRoutine
AbdomenCombi
AbdomenVol
AbdMultiPhase
AbdSeq
CTColonography

Spine

Overview
Hints in General
C-Spine
C-SpineVol
SpineRoutine
SpineThinSlice
SpineVol
SpineSeq
Osteo

Pelvis

Overview
Hints in General
Pelvis
PelvisVol
Hip
HipVol
SI_Joints

214
218
222
226
230
232
236

240
240
242
246
250
254
258
266
270

274
274
276
280
284
286
290
292
296
300

302
302
304
306
310
314
318
322

Contents

Upper Extremities

Overview
Hints in General
WristUHR
ExtrRoutineUHR
ExtrCombi

Lower Extremities

Overview
Hints in General
KneeUHR
FootUHR
ExtrRoutineUHR
ExtrCombi

Vascular

Overview
Hints in General
HeadAngio
HeadAngioVol
CarotidAngio
CarotidAngioVol
ThorAngioRoutine/ ThorAngio042s
ThorAngioVol
ThorCardioECG/ThorCardioECG042s/
ThorCardioECG037s
Embolism/Embolism042s
BodyAngioRoutine
BodyAngioFast/BodyAngioFast042s
BodyAngioVol
AngioRunOff
WholeBodyAngio

Specials

Overview
Trauma
Trauma

324
324
326
328
332
334

336
336
338
342
346
350
352

354
354
358
362
366
370
374
378
382
386
390
392
396
402
406
410

414
414
416
418

Contents

TraumaVol
PolyTrauma
HeadTrauma
HeadTraumaSeq
Biopsy
Biopsy Single
CARE Vision
CAREVision
CAREVisionSingle
CAREVisionBone
CAREView
TestBolus

Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy Planning

Workflow
RT_Head
RT_Thorax
RT_Breast
RT_Abdomen
RT_Pelvis

Respiratory Gating

Key Features
Positioning of the respiratory sensor belt
Scanning Information
Workflow
Additional important Information
RespSeq
RespLowBreathRate
RespModBreathRate

Children

10

Overview
Hints in General
HeadRoutine
HeadRoutine05s
HeadSeq
HeadSeq05s
InnerEarUHR

420
422
428
430
433
435
436
437
438
439
440
451

452
452
458
460
462
464
466
468

472
474
476
478
486
487
488
489
490

492
492
498
506
510
512
516
518

Contents

InnerEarSeqUHR
SinusOrbi
NeckRoutine
ThoraxRoutine
ThoraxCombi
ThoraxSeqHR
AbdomenRoutine
SpineRoutine
SpineThinSlice
ExtrRoutineUHR
ExtremityCombi
HeadAngio
CarotidAngio/CarotidAngio042s
BodyAngio/BodyAngio042s
NeonateBody/ NeonateBody042s

522
526
530
534
538
542
546
550
554
556
560
564
568
572
576

11

User Documentation
For further information about the basic operation,
please refer to the corresponding syngo CT Operator
Manual:
syngo CT Operator Manual Volume 1:
Security Package
Basics
SOMATOM LifeNet
syngo Patient Browser
syngo Data Set Conversion
Camtasia
SaveLog
syngo CT Operator Manual Volume 2:
Preparations
Examination
HeartView CT
Respiratory Gating
CARE Bolus CT
CARE Vision CT
syngo Viewing
syngo Filming
syngo CT Operator Manual Volume 3:
syngo 3D
syngo InSpace4D

12

User Documentation
syngo CT Operator Manual Volume 4:
syngo Dental CT
syngo Osteo CT
syngo Volume
syngo Dynamic Evaluation
syngo Neuro Perfusion CT
syngo Body Perfusion CT
syngo CT Operator Manual Volume 5:
syngo Argus
syngo Calcium Scoring
syngo Vessel View
syngo CT Operator Manual Volume 6:
syngo Colonography
syngo LungCARE CT
syngo Pulmo CT

13

Scan and Reconstruction

Concept of Scan Protocols
The scan protocols for adult and children are defined
according to body regions - Head, Neck, Shoulder,
Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Spine, Upper Extremities,
Lower Extremities, Vascular, RT, Specials and
optional Cardiac, PET, SPECT and Private.
The protocols for special applications are defined in the
Application Guide Clinical Applications 1 and Clinical Applications 2 or in case of Heart View examinations, in the Application Guide Heart View.
The general concept is as follows: All protocols without
suffix are standard spiral modes. E.g. Sinus means
the spiral mode for the sinus.
The suffixes of the protocol name are follows:
Routine: for routine studies
Seq: for sequence studies
Fast: use a higher pitch for fast acquisition
ThinSlice: use a thinner slice collimation
Combi: use a thinner and a thicker slice collimation
05s: use the rotation time of 0.5 seconds
042s: use the rotation time of 0.42 seconds
037s: use the rotation time of 0.37 seconds
UHR: use a thinner slice width for Ultra High Resolution studies and a FoV of 300 mm
HR: use a thin slice width for High Resolution studies
ECG: ECG-gated or trigged mode
Vol: use the 3D-Recon Workflow
A prefix of the protocol name is as follows:
RT: for radio therapy studies
The availability of scan protocols depends on the system configuration.

14

Scan and Reconstruction

Scan Set Up
Scans can be simply set up by selecting a predefined
examination protocol. To repeat any mode, just click
the chronicle with the right mouse button for repeat.
To delete it, select cut. Each range name in the chronicle can be easily changed before load.
Multiple ranges can be run either automatically with
auto range, which is denoted by a bracket connecting
the two ranges, or separately with a pause in
between.

Feed in/Feed out

The performance of the different buttons (soft buttons, gantry buttons, control box buttons) is standardized as follows:
in NOT loaded modes
1 mm
in loaded Biopsy mode:
Feed In/Out = slice width x No. slice positions per scan
2

15

Scan and Reconstruction

Topo Length
Length [mm]
Slice width [mm]
Angle

128, 256, 512, 768, 1024,

1536*, 2048*
6 x 0.6
Top, Bottom, Lateral

* only in combination with PET, option

16

Scan and Reconstruction

Scan Modes
Sequential Scanning
This is an incremental, slice-by-slice imaging mode in
which there is no table movement during data acquisition. A minimum interscan delay in between each
acquisition is required to move the table to the next
slice position.

Spiral Scanning
Spiral scanning is a continuous volume imaging mode.
The data acquisition and table movements are performed simultaneously for the entire scan duration.
There is no inter-scan delay and a typical range can be
acquired in a single breath hold.
Each acquisition provides a complete volume data set,
from which images with overlapping can be reconstructed at any arbitrary slice position. Unlike the
sequence mode, spiral scanning does not require additional radiation to obtain overlapping slices.

17

Scan and Reconstruction

Dynamic Multiscan
Multiple continuous rotations at the same table position are performed for data acquisition. Normally, it is
applied for fast dynamic contrast studies, such as
syngo Neuro Perfusion CT.

Dynamic Serioscan
Dynamic serial scanning mode without table feed.
Dynamic serio can still be used for dynamic evaluation
such as Test Bolus. The image order can be defined on
the Recon subtask card.

18

Scan and Reconstruction

Straton-Tube
The SOMATOM Sensation 16 CT-system is now
equipped with the Straton-tube. This newly developed
X-ray tube offers significantly reduced cooling times
for shorter interscan delays and increased power
reserves. The full X-ray power of 60 kW can be applied
for a 20 s spiral, providing considerable dose reserves
even for adipose patients. As an example, in the Thorax Combi protocol (120 kV, 45 mAs, 0.5 s rot, 16 x
1.5 mm, pitch 0.75) a scan range of 150 mm can be
covered in 5.17 s and dose can be increased up to
200 mAs without reduction of the table feed.

Slow heat exchange

Anode within vacuum

Cooling oil

Conventional anode cools down slowly after exposure

Anode in direct contact

with cooling oil

Cooling oil
Fastest heat exchange

STRATON never accumulates heat during exposure

19

Scan and Reconstruction

UFC detector
Siemens proprietary, high-speed Ultra Fast Ceramic
(UFC) detector enables a virtually simultaneous readout of two projections for each detector element
resulting in up to 16-slice acquisition.
The detector configuration with the routine acquisition
of the Sensation 16:

With the SOMATOM Sensation 10, the 20 detector elements results in a 10-slice acquisition. The detector
configuration with the routine acquisition of the
SOMATOM Sensation 10:

20

Scan and Reconstruction

Acquisition, Slice Collimation
and Slice Width
Slice collimation is the slice thickness resulting from
the effect of the tube-side collimator and the adaptive
detector array design. In Multislice CT, the Z-coverage
per rotation is given by the product of the number of
active detector slices and the collimation (e.g.
16 x 0.75 mm for the SOMATOM Sensation 16 or
10 x 0.75 mm for the SOMATOM Sensation 10).
Slice width is the FWHM (full width at half maximum)
of the reconstructed image.
With the SOMATOM Sensation 10/16, you select the
slice collimation together with the slice width desired.
The slice width is independent of pitch, i.e. what you
select is always what you get. Actually, you do not
need to care about the algorithm any more; the software does it for you.
On the SOMATOM Sensation 10/16 some slice widths
are marked as fast (blue background). These images
are reconstructed with highest performance. All others
will be reconstructed up to 3 images per second.
The reconstruction time depends on slice collimation
and the reconstructed slice width. To get the fast performance, slice width has to be at least 3 times the
slice collimation.

21

Scan and Reconstruction

During scanning the user normally will get Real Time
reconstructed images in full image quality, if the fast
slice has been selected.
In some cases this depends also on Scan pitch and
Reconstruction increment the Recon icon on the
chronicle will be labeled with RT. This indicates the
Real Time display of images during scanning. The Real
Time displayed image series has to be reconstructed
after completion of spiral.
The Acq (Acquisition) is displayed on the Examination
task card. The Acquisition is simply "number of slices
acquired per rotation" x "width of one slice".

22

Scan and Reconstruction

SOMATOM Sensation 16:
Spiral Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.75 mm:

0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
10 mm

1.5 mm:

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 mm

Sequence Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.75 mm:

0.75, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 9 mm

1.0 mm:

1, 2 mm

1.5 mm:

1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 9 mm

5.0 mm:

5, 10 mm

UHR Spiral Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.6 mm:

0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mm

(optional)

0.75 mm:

0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
10 mm

23

Scan and Reconstruction

UHR Sequence Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.6 mm:

0.6, 1.2 mm (optional)

0.75 mm:

0.75, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 9 mm

1.0 mm:

1, 2 mm

SOMATOM Sensation 10:

Spiral Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.75 mm:

0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
8, 10 mm

1.5 mm:

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 mm

3.0 mm:

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 mm

Sequence Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.75 mm:

0.75, 1.5, 3, 6 mm

1.5 mm:

1.5, 3, 6 mm

3.0 mm:

3, 6, 9 mm

5.0 mm:

5, 10 mm

24

Scan and Reconstruction

UHR Spiral Mode

Slice
Collimation

Slice width

0.6 mm:

0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mm

(optional)

0.75 mm:

0.75,1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8,

10 mm

UHR Sequence Mode

Slice
Collimation
0.6 mm:
1.0 mm:

Slice width
0.6, 1.2 mm (optional)
1, 2 mm

25

Scan and Reconstruction

Increment
The increment is the distance between the reconstructed images in the Z direction. When the increment
chosen is smaller than the slice thickness, the images
are created with overlap. This technique is useful to
reduce partial volume effect, giving you better detail of
the anatomy and high quality 2D and 3D postprocessing.
The increment can be freely adapted from 0.1 - 10
mm.

26

Scan and Reconstruction

Pitch
Pitch = feed per rotation
z-coverage

z-coverage = detector rows x collimated slice width

Feed/Rotation = table movement per rotation
The Pitch Factor can be freely adapted from 0.45 2.0,
in Cardio, there is a fixed pitch down to 0.1.
With the SOMATOM Sensation 10/16, you select the
slice collimation together with the slice width desired.
The slice width is independent of pitch, i.e. what you
select is always what you get. Actually, you do not
need to be concerned about the algorithm any more;
the software does it for you.
Pitch values with a step width of 0.05 can be selected
for all modes.
We recommend to use a Pitch Factor of 0.45 for MPR
reconstructions.

27

Scan and Reconstruction

Kernels
There are 5 different types of kernels: H stands for
Head, B stands for Body, U stands for High Resolution,
C stands for ChildHead and S stands for Special Application, e.g. syngo Osteo CT.
The image sharpness is defined by the numbers the
higher the number, the sharper the image; the lower
the number, the smoother the image.
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
Head Kernels:
Kernel
H10f, H10s
H20f, H20s
H21f, H21s
H22f, H22s
H30f, H30s
H31f, H31s
H32f, H32s
H40f, H40s
H41f, H41s
H42f, H42s
H45f, H45s
H50f, H50s
H60f, H60s

28

description
very smooth
smooth
smooth +
smooth FR
medium smooth
medium smooth +
medium smooth FR +
medium
medium +
medium FR +/medium FR
medium
sharp
medium

Scan and Reconstruction

Body Kernels:
Kernel
B10f, B10s
B20f, B20s
B30f, B30s
B31f, B31s
B35f, B35s
B36f
B40f, B40s
B41f, B41s
B45f, B45s
B46f
B50f, B50s
B60f, B60s
B70f, B70s
B80f, B80s

description
very smooth
smooth
medium smooth
medium smooth +
HeartView medium
HeartView medium
medium
medium+
medium
HeartView sharp
medium sharp
sharp
very sharp
ultra sharp

Child Head Kernels:

Kernel
C20f, C20s
C30f, C30s
C60s

description
smooth
medium smooth
sharp

29

Scan and Reconstruction

Ultra High Resolution:
Kernel
U30u
U40u
U70u
U80u
U90u
U95u

description
medium smooth
medium
sharp
very sharp
ultra sharp
special applications

Special Application:
Kernel
S80f, S80s
S90f, S90s

description
Shepp-Logan with notch filter
Shepp-Logan without notch filter

PET-Kernel:
Kernel
B19s/f
B29s/f
B39s/f
H19s/f
H29s/f
H39s/f

30

PET
smooth
medium smooth
medium
smooth
medium smooth
medium

Scan and Reconstruction

Head Kernels
For soft tissue head studies, the standard kernel is
H40s; softer images are obtained with H30s or H20s,
H10s, sharper images with H50s. The kernels H21s,
H31s, H41s yield the same visual sharpness as H20s,
H30s or H40s, respectively. The image appearance,
however, is more acceptable due to a "fine-grained"
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using H31s, H41s instead of
H30s, H40s.
High Resolution head studies should be performed
with H50f, H60f (e.g. for dental and sinuses). It is mandatory to position the area of interest in the center of
the scan field.

Child Head Kernels

For head scans of small children, the kernels C20s,
C30s (e.g. for soft tissue studies) and C60s (e.g. for
sinuses are provided) should be chosen instead of the
"adult" head kernels H20s, H30s and H60s.

31

Scan and Reconstruction

Body Kernels
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s or
B41s have about the same visual sharpness as B30s
respectively, B40s, the image appearance, however, is
more acceptable due to a "fine-grained" noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is
improved by using B31s, B41s instead of B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities, thorax,
the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.

32

Scan and Reconstruction

Special Application Kernels and Ultra
High Resolution Kernels
For special patient protocols, S80s and U90u are chosen, e. g. for osteo (S80s) and for High Resolution bone
studies (U90u).
We recommend using the High Resolution specification kernel U90u only with "small" objects, like the
wrist, otherwise artifacts will occur in the images.
Note:
In case of 3D study only, use kernel B10s and at least
50% overlapping for image reconstruction.
Do not use different kernels for body parts other
than what they are designed for.

33

Scan and Reconstruction

Extended FoV
SOMATOM Sensation 10/16 offers the extended field
of view. The range can be individually adapted by the
user from 50 cm up to 70 cm.
To use this feature you have to select the extended
FoV checkbox on the "Recon" sub task card. The
default setting is 65 cm, but can be modified.
Extended FoV can be used with each scan protocol.
The extended FoV value should be adapted carefully
to the exact patient size in order to achieve best possible image quality outside the standard scan field.

34

Scan and Reconstruction

Improved Head Imaging
The software version syngo CT 2006G provides significant improvements regarding image quality for heads.
An automatic bone correction algorithm has been
included in the standard image reconstruction. Using a
new iterative technique, typical artifacts arising from
the beam-hardening effect, e.g. Hounsfield bar, are
minimized without any additional post-processing.
This advanced algorithm allows for excellent images of
the posterior fossa, but also im-proves head image
quality in general. Bone correction is activated automatically for body region Head. The reconstruction
algorithm for Head also employs special adaptive
convolution kernels which allow for improving the
sharpness to noise ratio. More precisely, anatomic contours are clearly displayed while noise is suppressed at
the same time without causing a blurring of edges.

Head image without

correction.

Head image with

corrections.

35

Scan and Reconstruction

In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans in body regions Head and AngioHead
are provided within a maximum scan field of 300 mm
with respect to the iso-center. No recon job with a field
of view exceeding those limits will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

correct positioning wrong positioning

of the head
of the head
For trauma examinations of the head we provide two
protocols, to be found in the specials folder:
HeadTrauma
HeadTraumaSeq.
The scan protocols enable you to utilize the full 50 cm
FoV, resulting in easier patient positioning for trauma
examinations and to ensure the highest performance,
the dedicated PFO head filter is not used.

36

Scan and Reconstruction

Image Filters
There are 3 different filters available:
LCE: The Low-contrast enhancement (LCE) filter
enhances low-contrast detectability. It reduces the
image noise.

Similar to reconstruction with a smoother kernel

Reduces noise
Enhances low-contrast detectability
Adjustable in four steps
Automatic post-processing

37

Scan and Reconstruction

HCE: The High-contrast enhancement (HCE) filter
enhances high-contrast detectability. It increases the
image sharpness, similar to reconstruction with a
sharper kernel.

Increases sharpness
Faster than raw-data reconstruction
Enhances high-contrast detectability
Automatic post-processing

ASA: The Advanced Smoothing Algorithm (ASA)

filter reduces noise in soft tissues while edges with
high contrast are preserved.
Reduces noise without blurring of edges
Enhances low-contrast detectability
Individually adaptable
Automatic post-processing

38

Scan and Reconstruction

39

Dose Information
CTDI and CTDI
W

Vol

The average dose in the scan plane is best described by

the CTDIW for the selected scan parameters. The CTDIW
is measured in the dedicated plastic phantoms 16 cm
diameter for head and 32 cm diameter for body (as
defined in IEC 606012 44). This dose index gives a
good estimate for the average dose applied in the
scanned volume as long as the patient size is similar to
the size of the respective dose phantoms.
Since the body size can be smaller or larger than
32 cm, the CTDIW value displayed can deviate from the
dose in the scanned volume.
The CTDIW definition and measurement is based on single axial scan modes. For clinical scanning, i.e. scanning of entire volumes in patients, the average dose
will also depend on the table feed in between axial
scans or the feed per rotation in spiral scanning. The
dose, expressed as the CTDIW, must therefore be corrected by the Pitch Factor of the spiral scan or an axial
scan series to describe the average dose in the scanned
volume.
For this purpose the IEC defined the term CTDIVol in
September 2002:
CTDIVol = CTDIW
Pitch Factor

40

Dose Information
This dose number is displayed on the user interface for
the selected scan parameters.
Please note: Up to now the dose display on the
Somaris\5 user interface was labeled CTDIW. This displayed CTDIW was also corrected for the pitch.
The CTDIw value does not provide the entire information of the radiation risk associated with CT examination. For this purpose, the concept of the Effective
Dose was introduced by ICRP (International Commission on Radiation Protection). The effective dose is
expressed as a weighted sum of the dose applied not
only to the organs in the scanned range, but also to the
rest of the body. It could be measured in whole body
phantoms (Alderson phantom) or simulated with
Monte Carlo techniques.
The calculation of the effective dose is rather complicated and has to be done by sophisticated programs.
These have to take into account the scan parameters,
the system design of individual scanner, such as x-ray
filtration and gantry geometry, the scan range, the
organs involved in the scanned range and the organs
affected by scattered radiation. For each organ, the
respective dose delivered during the CT scanning has
to be calculated and then multiplied by its radiation
risk factor. Finally, the weighted organ dose numbers
are added up to get the effective dose.
The concept of effective dose allows the comparison of
radiation risk associated with different CT or x-ray
exams, i.e. different exams associated with the same
effective dose would have the same radiation risk for
the patient. It also allows comparing the applied x-ray
exposure to the natural background radiation,
e.g. 2 3 mSv per year in Germany.

41

Dose Information
ImpactDose
For most of our scan protocols, we calculated the
effective dose numbers for standard male* and
female* and listed the result in the description of each
scan protocol.
The calculation was done by the commercially available program "ImpactDose" (Wellhoefer Dosimetry).
For pediatric protocols, we used the ImpactDose calculation and the correction factors published in "Radiation Exposure in Computed Topography"**, in which
there are only the conversion factors for the age of 8
weeks and 7 years old available.

*The Calculation of Dose from External Photon Exposures Using Reference Human Phantoms and Monte
Carlo Methods. M. Zankl et al. GSF report 30/91
**Radiation Exposure in Computed Topography,
edited by Hans Dieter Nagel, published by COCIR c/o
ZVEI, Stresemannallee 19, D-60596, Frankfurt, Germany.

42

Dose Information
Effective mAs
In sequential scanning, the dose (Dseq) applied to the
patient is the product of the tube current-time (mAs)
and the CTDIw per mAs:
Dseq = DCTDIw x mAs
In spiral scanning, however, the applied dose (Dspiral) is
influenced by the classical mAs (mA x Rot Time) and
in addition by the Pitch Factor. For example, if a Multislice CT scanner is used, the actual dose applied to the
patient in spiral scanning will be decreased when the
Pitch Factor is larger than 1, and increased when the
Pitch Factor is smaller than 1. Therefore, the dose in
spiral scanning has to be corrected by the Pitch Factor:
Dspiral = (DCTDIw x mA x Rot Time)
Pitch Factor
To make it easier for the users, the concept of the
effective mAs was introduced with the SOMATOM
Multislice scanners.
The effective mAs takes into account the influence of
pitch on both the image quality and dose:
Effective mAs =
mAs
Pitch Factor
To calculate the dose on the SOMATOM Sensation 10/
16, you simply have to multiply the CTDIw per mAs with
the effective mAs of the scan:
Dspiral = DCTDIw x effective mAs

43

Dose Information
For spiral scan protocols, the indicated mAs is the
effective mAs per image. The correlation between tube
current and effective mAs of spiral scans on a Multislice CT scanner is given by the following formula:
Effective mAs = mA x RotTime
Pitch Factor

Pitch Factor = Feed per Rotation

nrow x Slice collimation
mA = effective mAs
RotTime

x Pitch Factor

where Slice collimation refers to the collimation of one

detector row, and nrow is the number of used detector
rows.

44

Dose Information
CARE Dose 4D
CARE Dose 4D is an automatic exposure control which
includes automatic tube current adaptation to the
patients size and anatomic shape together with an online controlled tube current modulation for each tube
rotation. This provides well balanced image quality at
low radiation dose levels.
Based on a single a.p. or lateral Topogram CARE Dose
4D determines the adequate tube current level for
every section of the patient. Based on these levels
CARE Dose 4D modulates the tube current on-line during each tube rotation according to the patients angular attenuation profile. Thus the best distribution of
dose along the patients long axis and for every viewing angle is achieved.
Based on a user defined Image Quality Reference
mAs CARE Dose 4D automatically adapts the (eff.) mAs
to the patient size and attenuation changes within the
scan region. With the setting of the Image Quality
Reference mAs the user may adjust image quality
(image noise) to the diagnostic requirements and the
individual preference of the radiologist.
Note: The Image Quality Reference mAs should not
be adjusted to the individual patient size!
Hint: Position the patient in the center of the scan field
to ensure optimal image quality and minimal dose.

45

Dose Information
How does CARE Dose 4D work?
CARE Dose 4D combines two types of tube current
modulation:
1) Axial tube current modulation:
Based on a single Topogram (a.p. or lateral) the attenuation profile along the patients long axis is measured
in direction of the projection and estimated for the perpendicular direction by a sophisticated algorithm.

Attenuation (log)

Lateral

Scan Range

Example of lateral and a.p. attenuation profile evaluated from an a.p. Topogram.
Based on these attenuation profiles axial tube current
profiles (lateral and a.p.) are calculated. The correlation between attenuation and tube current is defined
by an analytical function which results in an optimum
of dose and image noise in every slice of the scan.

46

Dose Information

no
ise

2) Angular tube current modulation:

Based on the above described axial tube current profiles the tube current is modulated during each tube
rotation. Therefore the angular attenuation profile is
measured on-line during the scan and the tube current
is modulated accordingly in real time to achieve an
optimum distribution of the x-ray intensity for every
viewing angle.

im
ag
e
ns
tan
t
co
m
sli

s
a tro
w vera ng
ea g d
k d e d ec rel. tube current
ec ec re
re re as
as as e
e e

se
obe

constant dose

reference attention

Image Quality
reference tube current

se
crea
ng in
e
stro
creas
in
e
g
avera
se
ea
cr
in
Weak

rel. attenuation

Relation between relative attenuation and relative

tube current. The adaptation strength may be
adjusted by user separately for the left branch (slim)
and the right branch (obese) of the curve. This adjustment effects all examinations. The gray lines here
indicates the theoretical limits of the adaptation (constant dose resp. constant image noise). The absolute
(eff.) mAs value is scaled with the Image Reference
mAs value, which may be adjusted in the Scan Card by
the user.

47

Dose Information

Reduced dose level

based on topogram

Real-time angular
dose modulation

x-ray dose

Scan with constant mA

slice position

48

Dose Information

Principle of automatic tube current adaptation by

CARE Dose 4D for a spiral scan from shoulder to pelvis
(very high table feed for demonstration): High tube
current and strong modulation in shoulder and pelvis,
lower tube current and low modulation in abdomen
and thorax. The dotted lines represent the min. and
max. tube current at the corresponding table position
and result from the attenuation profile of the Topogram.
The mAs value displayed in the user interface and in
the patient protocol is the mean (eff.) mAs value for
the scan range.
The mAs value recorded in the images is the local (eff.)
mAs value.

49

Dose Information
Special Modes of CARE Dose 4D
For certain examination protocols CARE Dose 4D uses
limited tube current modulation, to meet specific conditions, e.g.
for Adult Head protocols the tube current is solely
adapted to the variation along the patients long
axis, but not adapted to the angular attenuation profile.
for Extremities, CARE Vision, syngo Neuro Perfusion
CT, syngo Body Perfusion CT and other special applications only angular tube current modulation is supported.
for Osteo and Cardio protocols the mAs setting is
adjusted to the patient size and not modulated during the scan.

50

Dose Information
Scanning with CARE Dose 4D
With the settings of Image Quality Reference mAs
properly predefined*, no further adjustment of the
tube current has to be made to perform a scan.
CARE Dose 4D automatically adapts the tube current to
different patient size and anatomic shapes, but it
ignores metal implants.
For an accurate mAs adaptation to the patients size
and body shape with CARE Dose 4D the patient should
be carefully centered in the scan field.
When using protocols with CARE Dose 4D for other
than the body regions they are designed for, the image
quality should be carefully evaluated.
As CARE Dose 4D determines the (eff.) mAs for every
slice from the Topogram, a Topogram must be performed to use CARE Dose 4D. For an optimum image
quality the kV setting for the Topogram and the subsequent scans should be identical. The range of the scan
should not exceed the range of the Topogram.
Outside the Topogram range CARE Dose 4D will continue the scan with the last available Topogram information. Without a Topogram CARE Dose 4D cannot be
switched on. Repositioning of the patient and excessive motion of the patient must be avoided between
the Topogram and the scan. If there exist concurrent
valid Topograms for one scan range, the most up-todate one will be used for determining the (eff.) mAs. If
there exist an a.p. and a lateral Topogram for one scan
range, both will be used for determining the (eff.)
mAs.

*For Siemens scan protocols of SW version syngo

CT 2006G, the settings of CARE Dose 4D are already
predefined, but may be changed to meet the customers preference of image quality (image noise).

51

Dose Information
After the Topogram has been scanned the (eff.) mAs
value in the Routine Card and Scan Card displays the
mean (eff.) mAs which was estimated by CARE Dose
4D based on the Topogram*. After the scan has been
performed this value is updated to the mean (eff.) mAs
which were applied. The values may differ because of
the on-line modulation according to the patients
angular attenuation profile.

Adjusting the Image Noise

The correlation between attenuation and tube current
is defined by the analytical function described above.
This function may be adjusted to adapt the image quality (image noise) according to the diagnostic requirements and the individual preference of the radiologist.
To adapt the image noise for a scan protocol the
Image Quality Reference mAs value in the Scan Card
may be adjusted. This value reflects the mean (eff.)
mAs value that the system will use for a reference
patient with that protocol. Thereby the reference
patient is defined as a typical adult, 70 kg to 80 kg or
155 to 180 lbs. (for adult protocols) or as a typical
child, 5 years, appr. 20 kg or 45 lbs. (for child protocols). Based on that value the CARE Dose 4D adapts
the tube current (resp. the mean (eff.) mAs value) to
the individual patient size.

*For the tuning of the CARE Dose 4D parameter setting to individual preference of image quality it is recommended to keep track of this value and to compare it with the values used without CARE Dose 4D.

52

Dose Information
Important note: Do not adapt the Image Quality
Reference mAs for individual patient size. Only
change this value, if you want to adjust image
quality.
The adaptation strength of CARE Dose 4D may be
influenced for slim or obese patients or body parts of
a patient by changing the CARE Dose 4D settings in
the Examination Configuration.
This may be desirable
if the automatic dose increase for obese patients
(resp. patient sections) should be stronger than the
presetting (choose obese: strong increase), resulting in less image noise and higher dose for those
images.
if the automatic dose increase for obese patients
(resp. patient sections) should be more moderate
than the presetting (choose obese: weak increase),
resulting in more image noise and lower dose for
those images.
if the automatic dose decrease for slim patients
(resp. patient sections) should be stronger than the
presetting (choose slim: strong decrease), resulting
in more image noise and lower dose for those
images.
if the automatic dose decrease for slim patients
(resp. patient sections) should be more moderate
than the presetting (choose slim: weak decrease),
resulting in less image noise and higher dose for
those images.

53

Dose Information
Activating and Deactivating CARE
Dose 4D
CARE Dose 4D may be activated or deactivated for the
current scan in the Scan Card. With CARE Dose 4D activated as default, the Image Quality Reference mAs
value is set to the default value of the protocol. After
deactivating CARE Dose 4D the Image Quality Reference mAs is dimmed and the (eff.) mAs value has to be
adjusted to the individual patient size! If CARE Dose 4D
is switched on again, the Image Quality Reference mAs
is reactivated. Note, that the last setting of the Image
Quality Reference mAs resp. the (eff.) mAs will be
restored, when switching back and forth between
CARE Dose 4D usage. The default activation state of
CARE Dose 4D may be set in the Scan Protocol Manager. CARE Dose 4D must be selected (column CARE
Dose type). The corresponding column for activating
CARE Dose 4D is named CARE Dose (4D), with possible
default on or off.

Conversion of Old Protocols into Protocols with CARE Dose 4D

Protocols of SW versions VA70, VA47 and VA45 may be
converted to CARE Dose 4D in the Scan Protocol Manager.
Prior to activating CARE Dose 4D an Image Quality Reference mAs value has to be set in the corresponding
column.

54

Dose Information
If you are unsure about the correct Image Quality Reference mAs value, follow this simple procedure:
Enter the (eff.) mAs value used for that type of protocol without CARE Dose 4D.
When using the protocol for the first time, perform
the Topogram and adjust the Image Quality Reference mAs in the Scan Card prior to the consequent
scan, so that the displayed (eff.) mAs value is about
that value you would have applied for that scan without CARE Dose 4D.
With that setting perform the first scan and carefully
inspect the image quality. In that first step the dose
may not be lower than without CARE Dose 4D but
will be well adapted to the patients attenuation,
resulting in improved image quality.
Starting from that setting reduce the Image Quality
Reference mAs step by step to meet the necessary
image quality level.
Store the scan protocol with the adapted Image
Quality Reference mAs.

55

Dose Information
Note: The Image Quality Reference mAs corresponds
to the (eff.) mAs value that the radiologist would apply
for a reference patient without the use of CARE Dose
4D. The reference patient is defined as a typical adult,
70 kg to 80 kg or 155 to 180 lbs. (for adult protocols)
or as a typical child, 5 years, appr. 20kg or 45 lbs. (for
child protocols). After entering the Image Quality Reference mAs the CARE Dose type may be switched from
CARE Dose to CARE Dose 4D in the corresponding column. In the Scan Card the checkbox name will automatically change from CARE Dose to CARE Dose 4D,
the Image Quality Reference mAs will be displayed and
in the Routine Card the comment CARE Dose 4D will
added to the (eff.) mAs value when CARE Dose 4D is
activated.
Note: When using CARE Dose 4D with child protocols,
make sure that all memos in the Chronicle with the correlation between the patients weight and the mAs are
deleted! With CARE Dose 4D these memos loose their
meaning because the mAs are automatically adapted
to the patient size. If CARE Dose 4D is switched off
again, the mAs have to be manually adapted to the
patient size. Proposals for mAs settings may be taken
from the application guide.

56

Dose Information
Additional Important Information
For ideal dose application it is very important to position the patient in the isocenter of the gantry.
Example for an a.p. topogram:

X-ray tube
Patient
(centered)

Detector

Patient is positioned in the isocenter optimal dose

and image quality

X-ray tube
Patient
(not centered)

Detector

Patient is positioned too high increased mAs

X-ray tube

Patient
(not centered)

Detector

Patient is positioned too low reduced mAs and

increased noise

57

Dose Information
100kV-Protocols
The system offers a spectrum of four kV settings (80
kV, 100 kV, 120 kV and 140 kV) for individual adaptation of the patient dose in pediatric scans and for optimization of the contrast-to-noise ratio in contrastenhanced CT angiographic studies.
In contrast enhanced studies, such as CT angiographic
examinations, the contrast-to-noise ratio for fixed
patient dose increases with decreasing tube voltage.
As a consequence, to obtain a given contrast-to-noise
ratio, patient dose can be reduced by choosing lower
kV-settings. This effect is even more pronounced for
smaller patient diameters. It can be demonstrated by
phantom measurements using small tubes filled with
diluted contrast agent embedded in plastic phantoms
with different diameters. The iodine contrast-to-noise
ratio for various kV-settings is depicted in fig. 1 as a
function of the phantom diameter. Compared to a
standard scan with 120 kV, the same contrast-to-noise
ratio in a 24 cm phantom, corresponding to a slim
adult, is obtained with 0.5 times the dose for 80 kV
(1.5 times the mAs) and 0.7 times the dose (1.1 times
the mAs) for 100 kV. Ideally, 80 kV should be used for
lowest patient dose. In practice, however, the use of
80 kV for larger patients is limited by the available mAreserves of the X-ray generator.
In these patients, 100 kV is a good compromise and
the preferable choice for CTA examinations.

58

Dose Information

80 kV

Iodine Signal/Noise

100 kV
120 kV
140 kV

Phantom Diameter, cm

Iodine contrast-to-noise ratio as a function of the

phantom diameter for kV-settings at a constant dose
(CTDIw in these phantoms).

59

Dose Information

80 kV
Relative dose, 24 cm 0.49
Relative dose, 16 cm 0.44
Relative mAs setting 150

100 kV
0.69
0.68
110

120 kV
1.0
1.0
100

140 kV
1.49
1.43
100

Table 1: Results of iodine contrast, noise and dose

measurements for different kV settings and phantom
sizes. Relative Dose numbers (CTDIw in the respective
phantom) and mAs settings needed for a certain contrast to noise ratio in the center of the 16 cm and 24
cm plastic phantoms. The required dose for the same
contrast to noise ratio is significantly lower for lower
kV values.

60

Dose Information

61

Workflow Information
WorkStream4D
Recon Jobs
In the Recon card, you can define up to 8 reconstruction jobs for each range with different parameters
either before or after you acquire the data. When you
click on Recon, they will all be done automatically in
the background. In case you want to add more than
8 recon jobs, simply click the icon on the chronicle
with the right mouse button and select delete recon
job to delete the one which has been completed, and
then one more recon job will be available in the Recon
card.
Note: What you delete is just the job from the display,
not the images that have been reconstructed. Once
reconstructed, these completed recon jobs stay in the
browser, until deleted from the local database.
You can also reconstruct images for all scans performed by not selecting any range in the chronicle,
prior to clicking Recon.
Another entry you will find in the right mouse menu is
copy/replace recon parameters. This function is
available for spiral scans only.
The main goal is to support the transfer of volume
parameters between oblique recon jobs of ranges
which cover mainly the same area, e.g., two spiral
scans with/without contrast media.

62

Workflow Information
3D Recon
3D Recon gives you the ability to perform oblique and/
or double oblique reconstructions in any user-defined
direction directly after scanning.
No further post-processing or data loading is needed.
The high-quality SPO (spiral oblique) images are calculated by using the systems raw data.
Key Features
Reconstruction of sagittal, coronal and oblique/ double oblique images
3 planning images in the 3 standard orientations
(coronal, axial, sagittal)
Image types for planning MPR thick (10 mm),
MIPthin (3 mm)
Field of view and reference image definition possible
in each planning segment
Asynchronous reconstruction (several reconstruction jobs are possible in the background, axial and
non-axial)
Workstream 4D performs reconstructions on the
basis of CT raw data
If the raw data are saved you can start the 3D reconstruction either on your Navigator or Wizard console
(optional).

63

Workflow Information
Workflow Description
WorkStream 4D improves your workflow whenever
non-axial images of a CT scan are required, e.g. examinations of the spine.
3D reconstructions are possible:
spiral scan is needed
as soon as one scan range is finished and at least one
axial reconstruction job has been performed (RTD or
RTR images).

64

Workflow Information
Select a new recon job and mark Recon Job Type 3D
on the Recon card. The first recon job that fits for the
3D reconstruction is used as Available planning volumes.

Three planning segments in perpendicular orientations will appear in the upper screen area. You can
choose between MPR thick and MIP thin as image
type via the according buttons.

65

Workflow Information
In each segment you will find a pink rectangle which
represents the boundary of the result images. The
images with the right down marker, represents the
field of view (FoV) of the result images (viewing direction).

Right
down
marker
Reference lines

66

Workflow Information
The rectangle with the grid represents the reference
image (topogram) which is added to the Topogram
series including the reference lines after reconstruction.

Topographics
indicator

Reference lines
Recon area

67

Workflow Information
Preview Image
A preview of the actual FoV is now available.
After pressing the button Preview Image the actual
FoV to be reconstructed will be displayed.
Clicking again on the button deactivates the preview
image and displays the whole reference image
again.
Double clicking into the FoV image activates or deactivates the Preview Image function as well.
If the Preview Image function is active and you move
or rotate the box, or change the recon begin and end
position, the Preview image in the FoV segment will be
updated accordingly.

68

Workflow Information
Depending on the desired result images, choose coronal, sagittal or oblique recon axis.
1. Sagittal/Coronal Reconstructions
If sagittal or coronal axis is selected, the reference lines
can be moved, but not rotated
Adjust the field of view size to your needs.
It is only possible to reconstruct images with a
squared matrix.
2. Oblique/Double-oblique Reconstructions
If you want to define the orientation of the result
images independent of the patients axis.
Enable the Free View Mode and rotate the reference
lines in the three segments until the desired image
orientation is displayed. The vertical and horizontal
line are always perpendicular to each other. With the
default orientation button you can reset the image
orientation at any time.
It is only possible to reconstruct images with a
squared matrix.
Set the field of view to the active segment by clicking
the Set FoV button. The result images will then be
orientated as in the FoV segment. You can adjust the
extension perpendicular to the field of view can be
adjusted in the same way in the other two segments.

69

Workflow Information
To define the Reference Image (Topogram) to the
active segment, click on the Set Reference Segment
button. This defines the orientation of the reference
image which will be added to the result images.
Once you have finished the adjustment start the calculation of the result images by clicking on the Recon
button. Each 3D recon job has to be started separately.
You can start a recon job at any time, independent of
other ongoing jobs (asynchronous reconstruction).
After starting the reconjob the layout of the Examination card changes back to the standard layout.
The progress of the reconstruction is displayed by the
slider in the Tomosegment.
Additional Information
As soon as a new recon range is defined by you, all
recon ranges will be shown in the topo segment. Two
numbers on the right hand side at the beginning of
each recon range, indicate the recon job the range
belongs to. The first number stands for the scan range,
the second one stands for the recon job, where the
range belongs to. If no recon job is in planning, only
the scan ranges are shown in the topo segment. Only
one number on the right hand side at the beginning of
each scan range indicates which scan the range
belongs to.

70

Workflow Information
If the first recon job is saved as an Oblique recon job,
after scanning, RTD images are displayed and the
Examination card is automatically switched to 3D
reconstruction
Patient Browser:
for each double oblique recon job one series is added
in the Patient Browser.
If Auto Reference Lines is selected the corresponding reference image is added to the 3D recon series.
All reconstructions are performed in the background
Do not use High Resolution images
Do not use extended FoV
If no entry is selected in the chronicle all open reconstructions are automatically reconstructed.
If Autorecon is selected on the Recon card, this
recon job (axial and oblique) is automatically reconstructed after scanning.
Recon Planning
During planning of a 3D recon range, the image displayed in the FoV segment will be updated accordingly
to the new position of the recon begin and end position.
The reference lines displayed in both planning segments are the reference lines to the actual displayed
image in the FoV segment.
One click on the begin or end position of the recon
range displays in the FoV segment, either the reference image to the begin position of the recon range, or
the reference image to the end position of the recon
range.

71

Workflow Information
Case Examples
Some scan protocols are delivered with predefined
oblique reconstructions. These protocols are
marked with the suffix VOL
Coronal and sagittal reconstruction of the spine:
Scan a topogram
Plan your axial spiral scan range
Reconstruction of the spiral images (RTR/RTD
images)
Select Recon job Type sagittal/coronal
Select the axial image segment
Press button Set FoV
Adjust the FoV to your needs
Define your desired reconstruction parameters
(e.g. image type SPO)
Start reconstruction
Repeat the reconstruction steps for the other
orientation (sagittal/coronal)
Oblique reconstruction of the sinuses:
Scan a topogram
Plan your spiral scan range
Axial reconstruction of the spiral images
(RTR/RTD images)
Select Recon job Type oblique
Select the sagittal image segment
Enable Free Mode

72

Workflow Information
Rotate the reference lines until the best view on
the sinuses is displayed in one of the other segments
Select this segment and press button Set FoV button
Adjust the FoV to your needs
Define your desired reconstruction parameters
(e.g. image type SPO)
Start reconstruction
Oblique reconstruction of the vascular tree:
Scan a topogram
Plan your spiral scan range
Axial reconstruction of the spiral images
(RTR/RTD images)
Select Recon job Type oblique
Select button MIPThin as image type for the
planning volume on the toolbar
Enable Free Mode
Rotate the reference lines until the best view
on the entire vascular tree is displayed in one of
the other segments
Select the coronal image segment
Select this segment and press button Set FoV button
Adjust the FoV to your needs
Define your desired reconstruction parameters
(e.g. Type MIPthin)
Start reconstruction
Double-oblique reconstructions of the heart
For detailed information on heart reconstructions
please refer to your "Heartview" Application Guide.

73

Workflow Information
Workflow
Patient Position
A default patient position can be linked and stored to
each scan protocol. The SIEMENS default protocols are
already linked to a default patient position.
(Head first - supine)
If a scan protocol is selected and confirmed in the
Patient Model Dialog, the linked patient position
stays active until the user changes it, even if a scan protocol with different patient position is selected.

Auto Reference Lines

The Auto Reference lines settings defined in the
Patient Model Dialog can be linked and saved to each
scan protocol.
If a scan protocol is selected and confirmed in the
Patient Model Dialog, the linked Auto Reference
lines settings stay active until the user changes it, even
if a scan protocol with different Auto Reference lines
settings are selected.

74

Workflow Information
Navigation within the Topogram
Navigation within the topogram helps you to plan a
reconstruction range. The prerequisite to use this is a
scanned range and at least RTD (Real time display)
images being available. After scanning, an orange line
is displayed within the topogram. This line corresponds
to the axial image in the tomo segment.
If you scroll through the axial image stack, the
orange line in the topogram is displayed as a reference line to the currently displayed axial image in the
tomo segment.
If you change the reconstruction begin or end, the
orange reference line automatically jumps to this
new position and the axial image in the tomo segment will be updated accordingly to the newly
selected position.
If you move the whole recon box in the topogram,
the orange reference line automatically jumps to this
new position and the axial image in the tomo segment will be updated accordingly to the newly
selected position.

75

Workflow Information
Study Continuation
An existing study can be continued at a later time.
To load an existing study:
Select the desired study in the Patient Browser.
Select Register from the Patient drop down menu.
The patient data is loaded in the Registration dialog.
The previous scan protocol is already preselected, but
it is also possible to select any desired scan protocol.
After the patient is registered, the patient is loaded
into the Examination card.
The already scanned ranges are listed. Between the
already scanned ranges and the new ranges following
chronicle entry is shown: Exam Continue <Patient
Position>.
If you want to continue a contrast media study, the system asks you if the next scan should be continued as a
non contrast scan instead.
If you want to continue as a non contrast scan, the
chronicle entries for the new scan range is indicated
as a non contrast scan. (No injector symbol is
shown.)
If you continue a study as a contrast study, the chronicle entries of the new scan range are indicated as a
contrast scan. (An injector symbol is shown.)

76

Workflow Information
Reconstruction on Wizard
It is possible to start all reconstructions from your satellite console.
Raw data has to be available in the local database
Select the raw data series of the patient in the
Patient Browser and load it into the Recon card
Plan your recon jobs as usual

77

Workflow Information
Examination Job Status
You can get an overview of all recon jobs by clicking on
the recon task symbol in the status bar or selecting
Transfer Examination Job status in the patient
main menu in the Patient Browser.
The Examination Job Status dialog will appear where
all recon jobs (completed, queued and in work) are
listed. You can stop, restart and delete each job by
clicking the according button. To give a selected job a
higher priority click urgent.
The column Type shows you which kind of reconstruction is queued.
Two types are displayed:
Recon
all recon jobs from the Recon card, either on the
Navigator or the Wizard
Auto 3D
all 3D reconstructions which you have send via Auto
postprocessing automatically into the 3D Card.
These jobs will be deleted from the job list as soon as
the patient is closed in the 3D card.

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Workflow Information
Auto Load in 3D and Postprocessing
Presets
You can activate the Auto load in 3D function on the
Examination card/Auto Tasking and link it to a recon
job. For example, the 2nd recon job with thinner slice
width in some of the examination protocols. If the
postprocessing type is chosen from the pull down
menu, the reconstructed images will be loaded automatically into the 3D card on the Navigator with the
corresponding postprocessing type.
On the 3D card you have the ability to create Range
Parallel and Radial protocols for Multi-Planar-Reconstruction (MPR) and Thin Maximum-Intensity-Projection (ThinMIP) which can be linked to a special series.
For example, if you always do sagittal MPRs for a Spine
examination, once you load a Spine examination into
the 3D card, select the image type (MPR, MIPthin),
select the orientation and open the Range Parallel
function. Adapt the range settings (Image thickness,
Distance between the images etc.) and hit the link button. From that point on, you have a predefined postprocessing protocol, linked to the series description of
a Spine examination.
The same can be done for VRT presets. In the main
menu, under Type/VRT Definition, you can link VRT
presets with a series description.

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Workflow Information
Some of the scan protocols, primarily for Angio examinations, are already preset in the protocol with Auto
load in 3D. If you do not prefer to have this preset,
deselect the Auto load in 3D and save your scan protocol.
Some of the scan protocols are preset in the protocol
with links to a postprocessing protocol. If you do not
prefer to have this preset, please delete the Range Parallel preset or overwrite them with your own settings.

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Workflow Information

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Workflow Information
Scan Protocol Creation
There are two different ways to modify and create your
scan protocols:

Edit/Save scan protocols

If you want to modify an existing protocol or create a
new one, e.g., you want to have two AbdomenRoutine Protocols with different slice width, we recommend to do this directly on the Examination card.
User-specific scan protocols can be saved with the following basic procedure:
Register a patient, you can choose any patient position in the Patient Model Dialog.
Select an existing scan protocol in the Patient Model
Dialog.
Modify the scan protocol, change parameters, add
new ranges etc. so that the new protocol fits to your
needs.
Scan your patient as usual.
Check if all parameters are as you desire.
Select Edit/Save Scan Protocol in the main menu.
Select the folder where you want the new protocol to
appear and the scan protocol name in the pop-up
dialog.

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Workflow Information
You can either use the same name to overwrite the
existing scan protocol, or enter a new name, which
will create a new protocol name and will not alter
any of the existing protocols already stored.
If you want to save an "old" protocol again, you may
have to adjust the protocol name, if necessary. The
old protocol (with the old name) has to be cancelled
explicitly.
Additional Important Information:
You can save your scan protocol at any time of the
examination.
It is recommended that you save your own scan protocol with a new name in order to avoid overwriting
the default scan protocol.
Do not use special characters in addition, do not
even use any blank spaces. Allowed are all numbers
from 0 to 9, all characters from A to Z and a to z and
explicitly the _ (under-score) but no country-specific
characters, e.g. , , , , .
Do not rename scan protocol files on Windows level.
This will lead to inconsistencies.
You can now save your own scan protocols in any
pre-defined folder. The organ characteristics will
belong to the scan protocol, not to the region.
In the Patient Model Dialog the modified scan protocols are marked with a dot in front of the protocol.

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Workflow Information
Scan Protocol Manager
If you want to modify special parameters for all existing scan protocols or you want to modify the folder
structure we recommend doing this in the Scan Protocol Manager.
Call up Options > Configuration... and click on the
Scan Protocol Manager icon in the configuration
panel. The Scan Protocol Manager is opened and all
protocols are loaded. The multi selection of the rows
works like usual via the left mouse click together with
the Ctrl key.

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Workflow Information
The scan protocol tree:
The scan protocol navigation tree contains all licensed
scan protocols.
The upper tree structure is "user" protocols and the
lower tree structure is default "Siemens" protocols. Following from this the branches are "adult" or "children"
and then in the different anatomical folders as in the
patient model dialog.

Rename a protocol:
Select a scan protocol with the right mouse button.
Select Rename and enter a new name for the protocol.

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Workflow Information
Change one (or more) parameters for all customer
protocols:
Select Edit - Find/Replace. Open the Column list box
and choose the desired parameter. Select a new
function of this parameter in the Function list box.
Under the button next to the function entry you can
choose special selections, e.g., you can in-/decrease
all mAs values by a certain percentage, e.g., 5%.
Select Replace All.

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Workflow Information
Define a protocol as Emergency protocol. Select the
desired scan protocol with the right mouse button.
Select entry Set as new emergency protocol. The
selected protocol is marked with a red cross.
Open the Scan Protocol Manager (Options > Configuration).
In the Specials folder please mark the protocol
PolyTrauma033s, apply a right mouse click and
select "Set as new emergency protocol". A red
cross will appear in front of the protocol name.
Save the changes.
From now on the PolyTrauma033s protocol is
used as a default, when selecting the emergency
button in the Patient Registration dialog.

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Workflow Information
Change the structure of the protocol tree. You can
sort all customers protocols as you want to. Select
the desired protocols, press right mouse button. You
will find the entries:
- Cut/Copy
- Paste.
To change the order of your protocol tree, you can
drag and drop the protocols into the desired position.
Or use the entries Move Up and Move Down from
the right mouse menu to change the sorting of your
protocol tree.
With the Filter function you can reduce the number
of displayed scan protocols and Recon jobs.
for reducing the displayed Recon jobs you can
choose between:
All axial Recon jobs
All sagital and coronal Recon jobs
All oblique Recon jobs
for reducing the displayed scan protocols select
Modified Scan Protocols only
for displaying all scan protocols and Recon jobs
select: Off.
Display of actions:
Invalid protocols or parameters are marked in yellow.
Changed, but not yet saved protocols and/or
parameters are marked in green.

88

Workflow Information
Table with all possible states of tree nodes
State
Icon
Child protocols

Adult protocols

region

SIEMENS protocol
changed SIEMENS protocol
invalid SIEMENS protocol

USER protocol
changed USER protocol
invalid USER protocol

emergency protocol
scan protocol entry
autorange - start

autorange - middle
autorange - end

recon job

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Workflow Information
Additional Important Information:
With the Find/Replace function you can easily insert
an API command for all protocols as needed.
Also all Auto Tasking actions, e.g., the transfer to
configured network nodes can be set within one
action. Within the Function button you can set your
transfer actions depending on the slice width.
By sorting the scan protocols, all organ characteristics will belong to the protocol, so it does not matter
which folder you choose.
For security purposes it is not possible to do any
changes in the Siemens protocols, but you can copy
or drag & drop these protocols into a Customer
folder.
With the entries Save/Save as/Save all, you can save
your changes.
You can delete single Recon jobs by selecting the
desired Recon job and choosing Delete from the
context menu.
Only those Scan protocols that belong to the USER
category can be deleted. Only complete scan protocols can be deleted. It is not possible to delete scan
protocol entries or scan protocol recon jobs.
The entry Set to defaults in the main menu/ context sensitive menu will reset all your changes to
the Siemens default values.

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Workflow Information
If there are unsaved scan protocols when closing the
Scan Protocol Manager you will be informed by a
message.
You can configure the displayed columns and their
position with View configure columns.
Additional Information:
1.System/Run offers the tool Restore Default Scan
Protocols which allows you to remove user specific
scan protocols and to restore the Siemens default
settings.
2.The main menu entry Edit offers Save/Delete Scan
Protocols.
3.System/Run or the main menu entry View in the
Scan Protocol Manager offer the tool List Scan Protocols which generates an HTML table of all available scan protocols. This list can be printed or saved
on Floppy (File/Save As).

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Workflow Information
Contrast Medium
The Basics
The administration of intravenous (IV) contrast material during spiral scanning improves the tissue characterization and characterization of lesions, as well as the
opacity of vessels. The contrast scan will yield good
results only if the acquisition occurs during the optimal
phase of enhancement in the region of interest. Therefore, it is essential to initiate the acquisition with the
correct start delay. Since multislice spiral CT can provide much faster speed and shorter acquisition time, it
is even more critical to get the right timing to achieve
optimal results.

40 s scan

10 s scan

Longer scan time

Shorter scan time

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Workflow Information
The dynamics of the contrast enhancement is determined by:

Patient cardiac output

Injection rate
Total volume of contrast medium injected
Concentration of the contrast medium
Type of injection uni-phasic or bi-phasic
Patient pathology

Aortic time-enhancement curves after i.v. contrast

injection (computer simulation*).
All curves are based on the same patient parameters
(male, 60-year-old, 75 kg).

Relative Enhancement [HU]

Relative Enhancement [HU]

* Radiology 1998; 207:647 655

Time [s]

Time [s]

4 ml/s,120 ml,
300 mg I/ml

Relative Enhancement [HU]

Relative Enhancement [HU]

2 ml/s,120 ml,
300 mg I/ml

Time [s]

80 ml,4 ml/s,
300 mg I/ml

Time [s]

120 ml4 ml/s,

300 mg I/ml

93

Relative Enhancement [HU]

Relative Enhancement [HU]

Workflow Information

Time [s]

Uni-phase
140 ml, 4 ml/s,
370 mg I/ml

94

Time [s]

Bi-phase
70 ml, 4 ml/s,
plus 70 ml,
2 ml/s, 370 mg I/ml

Workflow Information
IV Injection*
The administration of a contrast medium depends on
the indication and on the delay times to be used during
the examination. The patients weight and circulatory
situation also play a role. In general, no more than 3 ml
per kg of body weight for adults and 2 ml per kg of
body weight for children should be applied.
For a CTA study (arterial phase), the principle is to keep
the contrast flowing throughout the duration of the
scan. Thus, the total amount of contrast medium
needed should be calculated with the following formula:
CM = (start delay time + scan time) x flow rate.
CARE Bolus or Test Bolus may be used for optimal contrast bolus timing. Please refer to the special protocols.
To achieve optimal results in contrast studies, the use
of CARE Bolus is recommended. In case it is not available, use Test Bolus. Once completed, load images into
Dynamic Evaluation for calculation of Time to Peak
enhancement.
For multiphase examinations, e.g. three-phase liver,
the maximum start delay can be set to 600 sec. The
countdown of the delay always starts after scanning of
the previous phase.

*For more information regarding the general use of

drugs and doses mentioned in this guide, please
refer to page 2.

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Workflow Information
Bolus Tracking
This is an automatic Bolus Tracking program, which
enables triggering of the spiral scanning at the optimal
phase of the contrast enhancement.
Additional Important Information
1.This mode can be applied in combination with any
spiral scanning protocol. Simply insert Bolus Tracking by clicking the right mouse button in the chronicle. This inserts the entire set up including pre-monitoring, i.v. bolus and monitoring scan protocol. You
can also save the entire set up as your own scan protocols.
2.The pre-monitoring scan is used to determine the
position of the monitoring scans. It can be performed at any position of interest. You can also
increase the mAs setting to reduce the image noise
when necessary.
3.To achieve the shortest possible spiral start delay
(2 s), the position of the monitoring scans relative to
the beginning of spiral scan must be optimized.
A snapping function is provided:
After the Topogram is performed, the predefined spiral scanning range and the optimal monitoring position will be shown.

96

Workflow Information
If you need to redefine the spiral scanning range,
you should also reposition the monitoring scan in
order to keep the shortest start delay time (2 s). (The
distance between the beginning of the spiral scanning range and the monitoring scan will be the
same).
Move the monitoring scan line towards the optimal
position and release the mouse button, it will be
snapped automatically. (Trick: if you move the monitoring scan line away from the optimal position the
snapping mechanism will be inactive).
4.Place a ROI in the premonitoring scan on the target
area or vessel used for triggering with one left
mouse click. (The ROI is defined with double circles
the outer circle is used for easy positioning, and the
inner circle is used for the actual evaluation). You
can also zoom the reference image for easier positioning of the ROI.
5.Set the appropriate trigger threshold, and start contrast injection and monitoring scans at the same
time.
During the monitoring scans, there will be simultaneous display of the relative enhancement of the
target ROI. When the predefined density is reached,
the spiral acquisition will be triggered automatically.
6.You can also initiate the spiral any time during the
monitoring phase manually either by pressing the
START button or by left mouse clicking the START
radio button. If you do not want to use automatic
triggering, you can set your trigger threshold number extremely high so that it will not trigger automatically, and you can start the spiral when you
desire.

97

Workflow Information
Test Bolus using CARE Bolus
You can use the CARE Bolus option as a Test Bolus.
How to do it
1.Insert a Bolus tracking via the right mouse button
submenue prior to the spiral.
2.Insert contrast from the right mouse button context
menu.
Hint: By inserting contrast you are interrupting the
Auto range function,and therefore an automatic
start of the spiral is not possible!
3.Start with the Topogramm.
4.Position the premonitoring scan and the spiral.
5.Perform the premonitoring scan,position and accept
the ROI.
6.Start monitoring scans and a short amount of contrast (20 ml/2.5 ml/sec.).
Hint: With starting the spiral the system is switching
to the Trigger subtask card. The trigger line is not
shown at this stage.
7.Now you can read the proper delay from the Trigger
card.
8.Insert the delay in the Routine subtask card and load
the spiral.
9.Start spiral and injector with the full amount of contrast.

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Workflow Information
Test Bolus
This is a low dose sequential protocol without table
feed used to calculate the start delay of a spiral scan to
ensure optimal enhancement after the contrast
medium injection. The Dynamic Evaluation function
may be used to generate the time density curve.
You can find the Test Bolus scan protocol in the chapter Specials.
How to do it
1.Select the spiral mode that you want to perform, and
then Append the TestBolus mode under Special
protocols.
2.Insert the Test Bolus mode above the spiral mode for
contrast scan by cut/paste (with right mouse button).
3. Perform the Topogram, and define the slice position
for Test Bolus.
4.Check the start delay, number of scans and cycle
time before loading the mode.

99

Workflow Information
5.A Test Bolus with 10-20 ml is then administered with
the same flow rate as during the subsequent spiral
scan. Start the contrast media injection and the scan
at the same time.
6. Load the images into the Dynamic Evaluation function and determine the time to the peak enhancement. Alternatively, on the image segment, click
select series with the right mouse button and position an ROI on the first image. This ROI will appear
on all images in the test bolus series. Find the image
with the peak HU value, and calculate the time
delta t taken to reach the peak HU value (do not
forget to add the preset start delay time). This time
can then be used as the optimal start delay time for
the spiral scan.

100

Workflow Information
CARE Contrast
With the injector coupling, the bolus injector can now
be connected to your CT scanner.
Key features
Synchronized scanning and contrast injection
One button control from the CT-console and from
the injector
The scan start can be initiated by the injector and
also by the CT scanner, without having to press
both start buttons at the same time.
The start by the CT can also be done via the foot
switch.
The start of the CT scanner, including the start
delay can be initiated also by the start button at
the bolus injector.
The injector and the CT have to be coupled explicitly.
You can store protocols where the injector coupling is
selected.
Workflow
To start a contrast enhanced examination in coupled
mode:
Select the Scan subtask card.

101

Workflow Information
Select under the menu field Scan Start either the
entry Injector coupled (Start button) or the entry
Injector coupled (Footswitch)
Injector coupled (Start button): The Start button
of the CT scanner will start the injector.
Injector coupled (Footswitch): The footswitch of
the CT scanner will start the injector.

If an injector is connected, load the scan mode first and

then arm the injector.
Depending on the injector it might be not possible to
arm the injector before the scan protocol is loaded (see
User manual of the injector). When the mode is
loaded, the CT scanner will ask you to check the injector and to arm it. Check the parameters at the injector
side and confirm the parameters. The injector is armed
and ready for the examination.
Note: If the scan mode is unloaded the injector will
also be disabled.

102

Workflow Information

After the Injector is armed the scan and the injector

can be started by pressing either the Start button/
Footswitch at the scanner, or the Start button at the
injector panel outside of the scan room or directly at
the injector inside the scan room.
Note: If the Injector is not ready the scan cannot be
started. If both systems are ready to START and the
user disarms the injector, the bubble Check Injector is
shown again.

103

Workflow Information
Additional Important Information
If Coupled Mode is selected the CT checks if there is
an injector available.
The scan mode cannot be loaded if a connection cannot be established or if the injector does not accept
coupling (The injector will not accept coupling while
injecting).
A message appears: Injector is not connected.
Scanning interrupted
If the injector does not accept the START from the CT
the scan mode is cancelled.
If the scanner is suspended by the user or if technical
problems occur, the injector will be stopped too.
Injector stopped
If the injector is stopped by the user the scan will be
stopped too.
If the injector is interrupted, by pressing the Hold
button the scan will be continued.

104

Workflow Information
The injector reports a technical problem:
The connection between scanner and injector is interrupted, or the injection was stopped due to technical
problems. In this case the scan continues and an error
message pops up.
The user can decide if he wants to stop the scan or if he
would like to continue.

If the injection is longer than the CT scan, the CT

scanner does not stop the injection.
A new scan mode can be loaded. If the new mode is
a coupled mode, the scan can only be started if the
injector is ready.
When a coupled range is pasted or repeated, the
start condition for the new scan is reset to uncoupled.

105

Application Information
SOMATOM LifeNet
General Information
SOMATOM LifeNet is our information and service portal directly at the scanner consoles, the Navigator and
the Wizard. It provides actual news around your scanner, shows helpful configuration information of your
system and enables you to access the SOMATOM
LifeNet online area where you will find further opportunities to ease your daily work.
To benefit from the SOMATOM LifeNet online area, a
Siemens Remote Service connection is required. The
SOMATOM LifeNet online area allows you to order
90 day Trial Licenses for free, download application
guides or find interesting information and services
related to your CT system.
Note: Siemens Remote Service is part of your service
contract and is also prerequisite for other services for
your CT system that optimize your system's availability.

106

Application Information
Key Features
SOMATOM LifeNet offline (All users):
General Information about your system and configuration
Access to Web Based E-Training or Manuals on CD
ROM
SOMATOM LifeNet online (In combination with a Siemens Remote Service connection):
Newsticker archive and FAQ (frequently asked questions) section
Free trial software order and installation
Download of information, manuals and scan protocols
A contact function for an easy and fast interface to
Siemens including the possibility to attach up to two
DICOM images

SOMATOM LifeNet offline

Start SOMATOM LifeNet by selecting SOMATOM
LifeNet under Options in your syngo menu bar and
you will find a browser window that allows you to
access various information about your hard- and software environment.
Under e.g. System Information you will find information such as software version or a scan second counter.
Under Customer Information you can enter your contact data.

107

Application Information
Access to Computer Based E-Training or Manuals on
CD ROM
Start the Web Based E-Training to learn more about
your software and the use of basic and advanced applications.
Note: The syngo Basics Training is pre-installed on your
system and can directly be used by selecting E-Training. The syngo Advanced Application Training can
be downloaded in the SOMATOM LifeNet online area
or is sent to you automatically on CD if trial software is
requested via SOMATOM LifeNet.

108

Application Information
In case a pdf document (e.g., Application Guides) is
not visible in the SOMATOM LifeNet window after
being opened, please minimize or move the Browser
window of the SOMATOM LifeNet platform since it
might be hidden in the background.
Under the navigation path World you can also start
your Operator manual CD ROM.

109

Application Information
SOMATOM LifeNet online
During the start up of your system you will receive upto-date information in the Newsticker and see the
expiration date of installed trial software.
Access the Siemens Extranet by clicking on SOMATOM
LifeNet online. After entering your CT system serial
number you will be forwarded to the information and
service portal. You can find the serial number by
selecting system information in the offline part of
SOMATOM LifeNet.
You will be able to view up to date information and
make use of various services.

110

Application Information
Download of Files
Each download will be performed in the background
and even if you disconnect your SOMATOM LifeNet
online session and start to work with the CT scanner, it
will continue the process until the download is completed. Due to bandwidth restrictions it is only possible
to perform one download at a time.
Note: Depending on your connection speed the download of larger files like e.g. the Advanced Application
Training may take quite some time. Shutting down the
system in between will interrupt the download.
Downloaded PDFs can be found offline under Options/
File Browser/ H:\SiteData/Manuals.

111

Application Information
The Web Based Training is automatically installed after
the download and can be started within the SOMATOM
LifeNet offline section under SOMATOM Educate/ ETraining.
To install all downloaded protocols choose the Scan
Protocol Manager via Options > Configuration and
select Import Scan Protocols in the menu tab Scan
Protocol. To select which protocols you want to import
and which not, a selection box will open and you can
choose the protocols you want to copy in your Customer Folder. These protocols are then ready to use
for your next examination.
All new protocols, including those you did not choose
to import to the Customer Folder will also be stored in
the Siemens Folder so that they can be copied later.

112

Application Information
Note: All downloaded scan protocols are named
"DL_.." so they can be easily identified when mixed
with preinstalled protocols.

Also, see the chapter Scan Protocol Manager for more

information.

113

Application Information
Contact Function
Contacting Siemens via Email is possible directly from
your scanner and even DICOM images can be attached
to your message. To attach an image, please select the
images first on your viewing card and export these
images to H:\SiteDate/ Offline as a Dicom image.
Also, see chapter Export Function for more information.
After exporting the image, open the Siemens Extranet
and choose Contact. After entering your message you
can easily attach the image by selecting the images
from the File Browser with the shortcut CTRL and C and
paste it with the shortcut CTRL and V into the Extranet.

114

Application Information
Note: Every patient image will be made anonymous
before sending. Because the SOMATOM LifeNet window is always in front we recommend to restore/ minimize it to be able to switch between both screens, the
File Browser and the SOMATOM LifeNet window.
Trial Order and Installation
As a SOMATOM CT user you can request trial clinical
software directly from the scanner. The requested software will be provided and installed automatically
through our Siemens Remote Services connection.

115

Application Information
After you have accessed the SOMATOM LifeNet online
area, you can choose system specific trial software
under SOMATOM Expand/Trial Licenses. After clicking on Order Trial and confirming a License Agreement for Trial-Use Software, you need to enter your
contact data. Then submit the license request.

The Trial software will be installed within 8 working

days and you will then be informed about the successful installation via the SOMATOM LifeNet newsticker
window that appears during system start-up.
Note: The trial licenses are valid for 90 days and can
only be ordered once.

116

Application Information
Forwarding Information via Email
This service enables those customers who do not have
a printing device connected to their CT Scanner, but
would like to have the information provided in SOMATOM LifeNet also available on their regular email
account or forward it to a contact person of interest in
form of an email.
Information about current education courses and clinical training programs, as well as CT accessories, can
be sent from the scanner to any email account. This
information can then be printed or a quote requested
from the local Siemens representative.

117

Application Information
Image Converter
The CT Application Common DICOM Adapter provides conversion between different DICOM data sets as
they may be provided by other CT vendors.
You will find the converter in the Applications menu
of the Patient Browser.

In the pop-up window you can select the application

for which you want to convert the images

118

Application Information

Split-Up Multi-Phase Series

1.Select Split-up series according to trigger delay
from the section Split-up Heartview 4D series, if
you intend to split-up the series of multi-phase heart
reconstruction according to the different heart
phases included.
Or
2.Select Split-up series according to slice position to
split-up the series according to the different slice
positions it contains.
After conversion you can load these data sets into the
application of your choice.

119

Application Information
Report Template
Configuration
Under Options/Configuration you will find the Report
Template Configuration.
With the Report Configuration you can edit the basic
information, e.g. clinic information for your report
templates of the applications:
CalciumScoring
Colon
LungCARE
Additionally you can insert your logo and select which
reference data you want to use.

120

Application Information
File Browser
The File Browser provides you with a secure means of
accessing and managing data in a private folder, which
is a well defined part of the computer file system. This
user partition is strictly separated from the system
operating file system.
The user partition is shared read only and may be used
for transferring data from the scanner to other computers, e.g., transferring DICOM images (export to
offline), transferring AVIs, or accessing files (PDF files)
which were downloaded via SOMATOM LifeNet.
Key Features

Copy images and files to the CD Burn folder.

Raw data transfer.
Access to all created reports and movies (AVI files).
Access to the offline folder.
Access to downloaded files.

Open the File Browser via main menu entry Options

File Browser.
The File Browser provides special folders for CT applications. The created reports and movies are saved within
these folders.
With an external PC connected you can access your
offline data on the external PC for post-processing.

121

Application Information
Raw data transfer:
Raw data set can be transferred.
First configure the directory where the raw data should
be transferred to:
Open the File Browser.
Choose the desired directory from the navigation
tree to the left of the File Browser.
Select the item Set as Export Root from the CT Data
Transfer drop down menu.
Select the raw data files you want to transfer in the
content area of the Patient Browser.
From the browser open the Patient main menu and
select the item Transfer CT Data.

Transfer files to USB storage device:

Insert an USB memory device into the USB port.
A new folder is added to the File Browser:
"USB storage device (F:)"
Select the desired files and send them via the right
mouse button menu to the USB storage device.

Transfer files to floppy:

Select the desired files and send them via the right
mouse button menu on a floppy disk.

122

Application Information
Burn on CD:
Do not burn files on CD-R parallel to other transfer
jobs.
Make sure that the amount of data to be burned
does not exceed the CD-R storage capacity.
Select the desired files and drag & drop them into the
folder CDBurn (or send them via the right mouse
button menu to the folder CDBurn).
Open the LocalJobStatus in the Patient Browser and
clear all entries.
Select Record to Offline in the Transfer menu of the
Patient Browser.
CD burning starts.
Hint: CD burning of offline files is only possible in a
single session.
After successful burning, the entries in the subdirectory CDBurn will be deleted automatically.

123

Application Information
Review reports and movies:
Select the desired files and double-click on them.
The corresponding program, e.g. Movie Media
Player will be opened and you can review what you
have saved.
You can now send these files to floppy or burn it on
CD.
Additional Important Information:
Files with the following extensions cannot be
started/ opened from the File Browser
bat, cmd, com, exe, reg, dot, htm,
html, pl, vbs, js, wsf, wsh, xml.
To store avi files from the File Browser to any external
storage device, e.g. CD, or USB stick use RMB menu
Send to. Drag&drop and copy/paste to any storage
device is not possible within the File Browser.

124

Application Information
Camtasia
Camtasia is a separate software tool that allows you to
film your desktop activities. You can save these recordings as avi files for documentation and presentation
purposes.

Key features
Camtasia Recorder: to capture avi files.
Before starting recording you can select the area you
want to capture.
Camtasia Player: to play avi files
Camtasia Producer: to edit avi files
To open the Camtasia tool, select in the main menu
Application > Desktop > Camtasia Recorder.

125

Application Information
Under Tools > Options you can define special settings
for recording:

AVI to define Video and Audio options

File to define the output options (files and folders)
Hotkeys to define special hotkeys, e.g. for start/
stop recording
Live to define live source options
Program to define capture options

126

Application Information
The Effects Options dialog allows you to set options
for your recording, e.g. cursor effects.

127

Application Information
Additional Important Information
To store avi files from the file browser to any external
storage device, e.g. CD, or USB stick use RMB menu
Send to. Drag&drop and copy/paste to any storage
device is not possible within the File Browser.
To display the main menu, set ToggleView - Compact.

AVI files can only be played on the Wizard.

For further information on how to operate the
Camtasia tool, please refer to the Help menu.

128

Application Information
Patient Protocol
Scan:
kV:
mAs:
ref. mAs
TI:
cSL:

number of scan range

kilo Volt
averaged applied mAs of the range
quality ref. mAs of the range
Rotation Time
collimated Slice

CTDIvol:

CTDIW
Pitch Factor

DLP:

For further information please refer to

the chapter Dose Information.
Dose Length Product
CTDIvol x (length + collimated slice)
10

Total DLP
Total mAs

DLP value of the entire examination

actual mAs value of the entire
examination

129

Head

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
HeadRoutine/HeadRoutine05s
Spiral mode for routine head studies
HeadRoutineSeq
Sequential mode for routine head studies
HeadSeq/HeadSeq05s
Sequential mode for high quality head studies
InnerEarUHR
Spiral mode for ultra high resolution inner ear studies

130

Head
InnerEarUHRVol
Spiral mode for ultra high resolution inner ear studies and double oblique studies
InnerEarSeqUHR
Sequential mode for high resolution inner ear studies
Sinus
Spiral mode for routine sinus studies
SinusVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal sinus studies
Orbit
Spiral mode for routine orbital studies
Dental
Spiral mode for the application syngo Dental CT
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
HeadRoutine
Spiral mode for routine head studies
HeadRoutineSeq
Sequential mode for routine head studies
HeadSeq
Sequential mode for high quality head studies
InnerEarUHR
Spiral mode for ultra high resolution inner ear studies
InnerEarUHRVol
Spiral mode for ultra high resolution inner ear studies and double oblique studies

131

Head
InnerEarSeqUHR
Sequential mode for high resolution inner ear studies
Sinus
Spiral mode for routine sinus studies
SinusVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal sinus studies
Orbit
Spiral mode for routine orbital studies
Dental
Spiral mode for the application syngo Dental CT

132

Head
Hints in General
Topogram: Lateral, 256 mm.
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, arms resting against
body, secure head well in the head holder, support
lower legs.
Gantry tilt is available for sequence scanning, not for
spiral scanning.
For all head studies, it is very important for image
quality to position the patient in the center of the
scan field. Use the lateral laser beam to make sure
that the patient is positioned in the center.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

133

Head
Head Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
For soft tissue head studies, the standard kernel is
H40s; softer images are obtained with H30s or H20s,
H10s, sharper images with H50s. The kernels H21s,
H31s, H41s yield the same visual sharpness as H20s,
H30s, H40s, the image appearance, however, is
more agreeable due to a fine-grained noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is
improved by using H31s, H 41s instead of H30s,
H40s.
High resolution head studies should be performed
with H60s, H70s (e.g. for dental and sinuses).
For very high sharpness we recommended the U70u,
U80u, U90u for bone studies. UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm.
It is mandatory to position the area of interest in the
center of the scan field.

134

Head

135

Head
HeadRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine head studies, e.g. stroke, brain
tumors, cranial trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, and inflammation, etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range for the base of 40 mm will be covered in
8.06 sec., a range for the cerebrum of 80 mm will be
covered in 8.06 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range for the base of 40 mm will be covered in
13.85 sec., a range for the cerebrum of 80 mm will be
covered in 13.85 sec.

136

Head

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Base
120
320

Cerebrum
120
360

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
4.0 mm
H31s
67.5 mGy
Male:
1.57 mSv
Female:
1.81 mSv

1.0 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
13.2 mm
0.55
8.0 mm
H31s
68.4 mGy
Male:
2.79 mSv
Female:
2.9 mSv

Base
120
320

Cerebrum
120
360

1.0 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
3.4 mm
0.45
3.0 mm
H31s
67.5 mGy
Male:
1.19 mSv
Female:
1.4 mSv

1.0 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
6.8 mm
0.45
8.0 mm
H31s
66.24 mGy
Male:
2.65 mSv
Female:
2.86 mSv

137

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml
Hints
If you want to set up the scan with only one range,
you can easily delete one mode by clicking the
chronicle with the right mouse button, and select
cut.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

138

Head

139

Head
HeadRoutine05s
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine head studies, e.g. stroke, brain
tumors, cranial trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, and inflammation, etc., using a rotation time of
0.5 sec.
Two ranges are predefined for the base of the skull and
cerebrum.
A range for the base of 40 mm will be covered in
4.03 sec., a range for the cerebrum of 80 mm will be
covered in 4.03 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

140

Base
120
320

Cerebrum
120
360

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
4.0 mm
H31f
67.5 mGy
Male:
1.57 mSv
Female:
1.81 mSv

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
13.2 mm
0.55
8.0 mm
H31f
68.4 mGy
Male:
2.79 mSv
Female:
2.9 mSv

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml
Hints
If you want to set up the scan with only one range,
you can easily delete one mode by clicking the
chronicle with the right mouse button, and select
cut.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

141

Head
HeadRoutineSeq
Indications:
Sequence mode for routine head studies with CTDIvol
below 60 mGy, e.g. for stroke, brain tumors, cranial
trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, and inflammation, etc.
Two ranges are predefined for the base of the skull and
cerebrum.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range is predefined with 11.2 cm.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range is predefined with 11.2 cm.

142

Head

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BaseSeq
120
310

CerebrumSeq
120
310

1.0 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.5 mm
18.0 mm
H31s
59.5 mGy
Male:
1.09 mSv
Female:
1.26 mSv

1.0 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
9.0 mm
18.0 mm
H31s
59.5 mGy
Male:
2.12 mSv
Female:
2.22 mSv

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BaseSeq
120
310

CerebrumSeq
120
330

1.0 sec.
8 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
12.0 mm
H31s
58.59 mGy
Male:
1.15 mSv
Female:
1.35 mSv

1.0 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
9.0 mm
18.0 mm
H31s
59.07 mGy
Male:
3.59 mSv
Female:
3.56 mSv

143

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml
Hints
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

144

Head

145

Head
HeadSeq
Indications:
Sequence mode for routine head studies, e.g. stroke,
brain tumors, cranial trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, and inflammation, etc.
Two ranges are predefined for the base of the skull and
for the cerebrum.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range is predefined with 12.1 cm.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range is predefined with 12.0 cm.

146

Head

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BaseSeq
120
320

CerebrumSeq
120
360

1.0 sec.
12 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.5 mm
9.0 mm
H31s
71.7 mGy
Male:
1.34 mSv
Female:
1.54 mSv

1.0 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
9.0 mm
18 mm
H31s
69.1 mGy
Male:
2.46 mSv
Female:
2.63 mSv

BaseSeq
120
320

CerebrumSeq
120
360

1.0 sec.
8 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
6.0 mm
H31s
69.44 mGy
Male:
1.62 mSv
Female:
1.9 mSv

1.0 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
9.0 mm
18.0 mm
H31s
64.44 mGy
Male:
3.91 mSv
Female:
3.88 mSv

147

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml
Hints
If you want to set up the scan with only one range,
you can easily delete one mode by clicking the
chronicle with the right mouse button, and select
cut.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

148

Head

149

Head
HeadSeq05s
Indications:
Sequence mode for routine head studies, e.g. stroke,
brain tumors, cranial trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, and inflammation, etc., using a rotation time
of 0.5 sec.
Two ranges are predefined for the base of the skull and
for the cerebrum.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

150

BaseSeq
120
250

CerebrumSeq
120
250

0.5 sec.
12 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.5 mm
9.0 mm
H31f
56.0 mGy
Male:
1.04 mSv
Female:
1.2 mSv

0.5 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
9.0 mm
18.0 mm
H31f
48.0 mGy
Male:
1.67 mSv
Female:
1.79 mSv

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml
Hints
If you want to set up the scan with only one range,
you can easily delete one mode by clicking the
chronicle with the right mouse button, and select
cut.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

151

Head
InnerEarUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for Ultra High-Resolution inner ear studies, e.g. inflammatory changes, tumorous processes of
pyramids, cerebellopontine angle tumors, post-traumatic changes, etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the patient in the center of the
scan FoV.
A range of 43.5 cm will be covered in 47.31 sec.

152

Head

Sensation 16

InnerEarUHR

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

120
120
1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
U90u
33.0 mGy
Male: 0.55 mSv
Female: 0.69 mSv

Sensation 10

InnerEarUHR

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

120
120
1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
U90u
33.0 mGy
Male: 0.51 mSv
Female: 0.65 mSv

2nd
reconstr.

0.6 mm

0.4 mm
U90u

2nd
reconstr.

0.6 mm

0.4 mm
U90u

153

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 ml
Hints
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

154

Head

155

Head
InnerEarUHRVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for Ultra High Resolution inner ear studies
and double oblique studies.
A range of 40 mm will be covered in 43.67 sec.
Three recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial bone structure, the second and third for
the double oblique for each side in 3D images display
view.

156

Head

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Inner
EarUHR
120
120
1.0 sec.
2x
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
U90u
33.0 mGy
Male:
0.44 mSv
Female:
0.65 mSv

2nd
recon.

3d
recon.

2.0 mm

2.0 mm

2.0 mm
U90u

2.0 mm
U90u

157

Head

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Inner
EarUHR
120
120

2x
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
U90u
33.0 mGy
Male:
0.47 mSv
Female:
0.6 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
60 ml

158

2nd
recon.

3d
recon.

2.0 mm

2.0 mm

2.0 mm
U90u

2.0 mm
U90u

Head
Hints
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

159

Head
InnerEarSeqUHR
Indications:
Sequence mode for Ultra High-Resolution inner ear
studies, e.g. Inflammatory changes, tumorous processes of pyramids, cerebellopontine angle tumors,
post-traumatic changes, etc.
A scan range is predefined with 43.6 mm.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

160

InnerEarSeq
120
120
1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.2 mm
U90u
39.6 mGy
Male: 0.67 mSv
Female: 0.78 mSv

Head

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

InnerEarSeq
120
120
1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.2 mm
U90u
39.6 mGy
Male: 0.6 mSv
Female: 0.76 mSv

Hints
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

161

Head
Sinus
Indications:
Spiral mode for paranasal sinuses studies, e.g. sinusitis, mucocele, pneumatization, polyposis, tumor, corrections etc.
Three recon jobs are predefined for image reconstruction of the soft tissue and bone structure.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 80 mm will be covered in 14.12 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 80 mm will be covered in 19.28 sec.

162

Head

Sensation 16

Sinus

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition

120
60

1.0 sec.
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
6.6 mm
Pitch Factor
0.55
Increment
5.0 mm
Kernel
H60s
12.7 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male:
0.46 mSv
Female:
0.53 mSv

2nd
recon.

3d
recon.

5.0 mm

1.0 mm

5.0 mm
H30s

0.7 mm
H60s

163

Head

Sensation 10

Sinus

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition

120
55

0.75 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
3.4 mm
Pitch Factor
0.45
Increment
5.0 mm
Kernel
H60s
11.6 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male:
0.44 mSv
Female:
0.47 mSv

164

2nd
recon.

3d
recon.

5.0 mm

1.0 mm

5.0 mm
H30s

0.7 mm
H60s

Head

165

Head
SinusVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for axial and coronal paranasal sinuses
studies, e.g. sinusitis, mucocele, polyposis, tumor, corrections etc.
Three recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial bone structure and the second for the
coronal soft tissue in 3D images display view and the
third for the coronal bone structure in 3D images display view.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 80 mm will be covered in 10.59 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 80 mm will be covered in 19.28 sec.

166

Head

Sensation 16

Sinus

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition

120
50

0.75 sec.
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
6.6 mm
Pitch Factor
0.55
Increment
5.0 mm
Kernel
H60s
10.6 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male:
0.38 mSv
Female:
0.42 mSv

2nd
recon.

3d
recon.

3.0 mm

3.0 mm

3.0 mm
H30s

3.0 mm
H60s

167

Head

Sensation 10

Sinus

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Aquisition

120
55

0.75 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
3.4 mm
Pitch Factor
0.45
Increment
5.0 mm
Kernel
H60s
11.6 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male:
0.44 mSv
Female:
0.47 mSv

2nd
recon.

3d
recon.

3.0 mm

3.0 mm

3.0 mm
H30s

3.0 mm
H60s

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml

168

Head

169

Head
Orbit
Indications:
Spiral mode for orbital studies, e.g. fracture.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 50 mm will be covered in 7.18 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 50 mm will be covered in 12.61 sec.

170

Head

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Orbit
120
100
0.75 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
5.0 mm
H60s
21.1 mGy
Male: 0.53 mSv
Female: 0.6 mSv

Orbit
120
100
0.75 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.4 mm
0.45
5.0 mm
H60s
21.1 mGy
Male: 0.49 mSv
Female:
0.53 mSv

2nd reconstr.

1.0 mm

0.5 mm
H60s

2nd reconstr.

1.0 mm

0.5 mm
H60s

171

Head

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
60 sec.
Flow rate
2 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 60 ml

172

Head

173

Head
Dental
Indications:
This is the scan protocol for the syngo Dental CT application package. It is used for evaluation and reformatting of the upper and lower jaws.
It enables the display and measurement of the bone
structures of the upper and lower jaw as the basis for
planning in oral surgery.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 50 mm will be covered in 7.18 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 50 mm will be covered in 10.59 sec.

174

Head

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Dental
120
80
0.75 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
0.75 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
0.5 mm
H60s
16.9 mGy
Male: 0.41 mSv
Female: 0.43 mSv

Dental
120
80
0.75 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.1 mm
0.55
0.5 mm
H60s
16.88 mGy
Male: 0.3 mSv
Female: 0.36 mSv

175

Head
Load the study into the application syngo Dental CT.
For further information, please refer to the Application
Guide Clinical Applications 1.
Hints
An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allow for improved head image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.

176

Head

177

Neck

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
NeckRoutine
Spiral mode for soft tissue routine neck studies
NeckThinSlice
Spiral mode for thin slice soft tissue neck studies
NeckVol
Spiral mode for axial, coronal and sagittal neck studies

178

Neck
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
NeckRoutine
Spiral mode for soft tissue routine neck studies
NeckThinSlice
Spiral mode for thin slice soft tissue neck studies
NeckVol
Spiral mode for axial, coronal and sagittal neck studies

179

Neck
Hints in General
Topogram: Lateral,
Lateral, 256 mm, for CTAs AP, 512 mm.
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, hyperextend neck
slightly, secure head well in head cradle.
Patient respiratory instruction:
do not breathe, do not swallow.
For contrast studies, CARE Bolus (optional) may be
used to optimize the bolus timing.
For image reconstruction of bone structure, use kernel B60.
Patient positioning is very important for artifact-free
images. The thoracic girdle should be positioned as
far as possible in the caudal direction. This can be
done using a strap with a permanent loop or Velcro
fastener at its end. The ends of the strap must be
attached to the patients wrists. Then the strap must
be wrapped around the patients feet with his legs
extended and under tension. The entire thoracic girdle is thus pulled toward the patients feet.

180

Neck
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder,extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).
In case of 3D study only, use kernel B10s and at least
50% overlapping for image reconstruction.
Patient positioning is very important for artifact-free
images. The thoracic girdle should be positioned as far
as possible in the caudal direction. This can be done
using a strap with a permanent loop or Velcro fastener
at its end. The ends of the strap must be attached to
the patients wrists. Then the strap must be wrapped
around the patients feet with his legs extended and
under tension. The entire thoracic girdle is thus pulled
toward the patients feet.

181

Neck
NeckRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for soft Tissue studies in the cervical
region, e.g. tumors, lymphoma, abscesses etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 20 cm will be covered in 9.83 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 20 cm will be covered in 14.83 sec.

182

Neck

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Neck
120
150

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Neck
120
150

0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B31s
10.5 mGy
Male: 2.35 mSv
Female: 2.31 mSv

0.75 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
11.3 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B31s
10.8 mGy
Male: 2.54 mSv
Female: 2.78 mSv

183

Neck

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
45 sec.
Flow rate
3.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml
Hints
Due to its iodine content, the thyroid gland is hyperdense in relation to the neighboring muscles both
before and after an IV CM injection. For displays of
the parotid or thyroid gland or the floor of the
mouth, the slice thickness should be < 5 mm and the
length of the range should be adapted to match the
anatomic region
Target the FoV to ensure adequate coverage of the
region of interest in the upper neck & middle neck
levels as well as to include the axilla in the lower
neck level if required.

184

Neck

185

Neck
NeckThinSlice
Indications:
Spiral mode using thin slices for soft tissue studies, e.g.
the functional study of the throat.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 18 cm will be covered in 16.5 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 18 cm will be covered in 25.5 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

186

NeckThinSlice
120
150

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B31s
B31s
11.7 mGy
Male: 2.17 mSv
Female: 2.27 mSv

Neck

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

NeckThinSlice
120
150

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
5.6 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B31s
B31s
12.3 mGy
Male: 2.6 mSv
Female: 2.84 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
45 sec.
Flow rate
3 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml

187

Neck
Hint
Patient positioning is very important for artifact-free
images. The thoracic girdle should be positioned as
far as possible in the caudal direction. This can be
done using a strap with a permanent loop or Velcro
fastener at its end. The ends of the strap must be
attached to the patients wrists. Then the strap must
be wrapped around the patients feet with his legs
extended and under tension. The entire thoracic girdle is thus pulled toward the patients feet.

188

Neck

189

Neck
NeckVol
Indications:
Spiral mode soft tissue studies in the cervical region,
e.g. tumors, lymphoma, abscesses etc.
Three recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal and third for saggittal studies in 3D images display.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 18 cm will be covered in 16.5 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 18 cm will be covered in 25.5 sec.

190

Neck

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

Neck
ThinSlice
120
150

2nd
recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
9.0 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Kernel
B31s
B20s
11.7 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 2.17 mSv
Female: 2.27 mSv

3rd
recon.

5.0 mm

5.0 mm
B20s

191

Neck

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

NeckThin
Slice
120
150

2nd
recon.

0.75 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
5.6 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Kernel
B31s
B20s
12.3 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 2.6 mSv
Female: 2.84 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
45 sec.
Flow rate
3.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml

192

3rd
recon.

5.0 mm

5.0 mm
B20s

Neck
Hints
Due to its iodine content, the thyroid gland is hyperdense in relation to the neighboring muscles both
before and after an IV CM injection. For displaying
the parotid, thyroid or floor of the mouth, the slice
thickness should be < 5 mm and the length of the
range should be adapted to match the anatomic
region.
Target the FoV to ensure adequate coverage of the
region of interest in the upper neck & middle neck
levels as well as to include the axilla in the lower
neck level if required.

193

Shoulder

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16
Shoulder
Spiral mode for bone shoulder routine studies
ShoulderVol
Spiral mode for axial, coronal and sagittal shoulder
studies
SOMATOM Sensation 10
Shoulder
Spiral mode for bone shoulder routine studies
ShoulderVol
Spiral mode for axial, coronal and sagittal shoulder
studies

194

Shoulder
Hints in General
Topogram: AP, 256 mm.
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, the uninjured arm
placed above the head, the injured arm placed flat
against his body. If only one side is under investigation, position this side in the center and support the
other side with a Bocollo pillow.
If only one side is examined, it is advisable to enter
the side in the comment line.
Contrast medium is required for soft tissue mass
evaluation.
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.

195

Shoulder
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).

196

Shoulder
For very high sharpness we recommended the U70u,
U80u, U90u for bone studies. UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm.
It is mandatory to position the area of interest in the
center of the scan field. Use ExtrCombi mode when a
scan FoV > 25 cm is necessary.
In case of 3D study only, the mAs value can be
reduced by 50%. Use kernel B10s and at least 50%
overlapping for image reconstruction.

197

Shoulder
Shoulder
Indications:
Spiral mode for bone studies and soft tissues, e.g. evaluation of joint cavities, masses, trauma, dislocations,
orthopedic indications etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 15 cm will be covered in 18.67 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 15 cm will be covered in 28.67 sec.

198

Shoulder

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Shoulder
120
150

2nd recon.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B31s
B60s
11.7 mGy
Male: 2.77 mSv
Female: 3.51 mSv

Shoulder
120
150

2nd recon.

1.0 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
5.6 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B31s
B60s
12.3 mGy
Male: 2.98 mSv
Female: 3.54 mSv

199

Shoulder
Hints
For image reconstruction of soft tissue use kernel
B31s and a slice width of 5.0 mm.
Use raw data to review a target region if necessary.
Coronal and sagittal 2D planar reconstructions are
important for evaluation of the joint space & bursa
sacs in CT arthrograms.
3D renderings are helpful for complex fractures &
dislocations.

200

Shoulder

201

Shoulder
ShoulderVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for bone studies and soft tissues, e.g. evaluation of joint cavities, masses, trauma, dislocations,
orthopedic indications etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 15 cm will be covered in 18.67 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 15 cm will be covered in 28.67 sec.
Three recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for soft tissue axial, the second for soft tissue coronal and third for sagittal bone studies in 3D images display view.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

202

Shoulder
120
150

2nd recon.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31s
B31s
11.7 mGy
Male: 2.77 mSv
Female: 3.51 mSv

Shoulder

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Shoulder
120
150

2nd recon.

10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
5.6 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31s
B31s
12.3 mGy
Male: 2.98 mSv
Female: 3.54 mSv

For the 2nd reconstruction a 3D coronal recon job and

for the 3rd reconstruction a 3D sagittal recon job will be
automatically started.
Hints
Use raw data to review a target region if necessary.
3D renderings are helpful for complex fractures &
dislocations.

203

Thorax

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
ThoraxRoutine
Spiral mode for routine thorax studies
ThoraxCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice lung
and routine thorax studies
ThoraxVol
Spiral mode for axial, coronal soft tissue and coronal
lung studies
ThoraxHR
Spiral mode for high resolution lung studies
ThoraxSeqHR
Sequential mode for high resolution lung studies

204

Thorax
ThoraxECGSeqHR
Sequential mode for high resolution, ECG-triggered
lung studies
LungLowDose
Spiral mode with very low dose for early visualization of pathologies
LungCARE
Spiral mode used for the application syngo LungCARE CT
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
ThoraxRoutine
Spiral mode for routine thorax studies
ThoraxCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice lung
and routine thorax studies
ThoraxVol
Spiral mode for axial, coronal soft tissue and coronal
lung studies
ThoraxHR
Spiral mode for high resolution lung studies
ThoraxSeqHR
Sequential mode for high resolution lung studies
ThoraxECGSeqHR
Sequential mode for high resolution, ECG-triggered
lung studies
LungLowDose
Spiral mode with very low dose for early visualization of pathologies
LungCARE
Spiral mode used for the application syngo LungCARE CT

205

Thorax
Hints in General
Topogram: AP, 512 mm.
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned
comfortably above the head in the head-arm rest,
lower legs supported.
Contrast medium administration: in general, IV
injections are employed in all mediastinal examinations, but not in routine high resolution studies of
diffused, interstitial lung diseases. An IV contrast
medium injection improves the vascular opacification and facilitates the visualization of the lesions,
lymph nodes and the vessels.
Stasis of contrast medium in the arm & superior vena
cava often result in high density streak artifacts
either in the region of the aortic arch or in the region
of the subclavian vein. A caudo-cranial (bottom to
top) scanning direction should be used to reduce this
artifact by simply acquiring the data in this region
at the later phase of the spiral scan. In addition, if the
patient cannot hold his/her breath for the duration of
the entire scan, breathing motion will be less apparent in the apex than in the lower lobes.
CARE Bolus (optional) may be used to optimize the
bolus timing. Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the
aorta at the level of the diaphragm with triggering
threshold of 120 HU, or use manual triggering.

206

Thorax
Lung images should be documented in both soft tissue window and lung window.
It is also possible to interleave the soft tissue & lung
setting images in one film sheet. This can be set up
in the configuration for filming.
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.

207

Thorax
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).
In case of 3D study only, the mAs value can be
reduced by 50%. Use kernel B10s and at least 50%
overlapping for image reconstruction.

208

Thorax

209

Thorax
ThoraxRoutine
Indications:
Routine spiral studies for the region of thorax, e.g.
visualization of tumors, metastases, lymphoma, lymph
nodes, vascular anomalies etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 6.43 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 9.7 sec.

210

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorRoutine
120
100

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
6.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
6.0 mm
B41f
B80f
7.0 mGy
Male: 3.74 mSv
Female: 4.77 mSv

ThorRoutine
120
100
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
B41f
7.2 mGy
Male: 3.94 mSv
Female: 4.98 mSv

2nd recon.

6.0 mm

6.0 mm
B80f

211

Thorax

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
25 30 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 ml
Hint
For lung cancer evaluation, this protocol can be combined with protocol NeckRoutine.

212

Thorax

213

Thorax
ThoraxCombi
Indications:
Combining thin slice lung and routine thorax studies
with one spiral scan, e.g. thorax studies in general and
interstitial changes in the lungs.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 11.87 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 18.39 sec.

214

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

Thor
Combi
120
100

2nd
recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
13.8 mm
Pitch Factor
1.15
Increment
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Kernel
B31f
B70f
7.8 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 3.86 mSv
Female: 4.98 mSv

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

Thor
Combi
120
100

2nd
recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
8.6 mm
Pitch Factor
1.15
Increment
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
Kernel
B31f
B70f
8.2 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 4.48 mSv
Female: 5.67 mSv

3rd
recon.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B80f

3rd
recon.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B80f

215

Thorax

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
25 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 ml
Hints
In addition to the mediastinum and the lungs, it may
be necessary to evaluate the axillary fatty tissue and
the bilateral mammary glands. A third reconstruction can be set up with a wider FoV in the Recon task
card.
You could repeat the same protocol simply by clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat. E.g. when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
For lung cancer evaluation, this protocol can be combined with protocol NeckRoutine.

216

Thorax

217

Thorax
ThoraxVol
Indications:
Routine spiral studies for the region of thorax, e.g.,
visualization of tumors, metastases, lymphoma, lymph
nodes, vascular anomalies etc.
Four recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for soft tissue axial, the second for lung axial, the
third for soft tissue coronal and fourth for soft tissue
coronal studies in 3D images display view.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 11.87 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 18.39 sec.

218

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Slice width
Increment
Kernel

ThorCombi
120
100

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31f
B70f
7.8 mGy
Male: 3.86 mSv
Female: 4.98 mSv

3rd recon.
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31f

4th recon.
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B70f

219

Thorax

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Slice width
Increment
Kernel

220

ThorCombi
120
100

2nd recon.

10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31f
B70f
8.2 mGy
Male: 4.48 mSv
Female: 5.67 mSv

3rd recon.
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31f

4th recon.
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B70f

Thorax
For the 3rd and 4th reconstruction a 3D coronal recon
job will be automatically started.
Contrast medium IV injection
Start delay
25 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 ml
Hint
For lung cancer evaluation, this protocol can be combined with protocol NeckRoutine.

221

Thorax
ThoraxHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for High Resolution studies, e.g., interstitial changes in the lungs.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm for the complete thorax will be covered in 14.0 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm for the complete thorax will be covered in 21.5 sec.

222

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorHR
120
100

2nd recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
18.0 mm
1.5
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B31s
B80s
7.8 mGy
Male: 3.86 mSv
Female: 4.98 mSv

ThorHR
120
100
0.75 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
11.3 mm
1.5
5.0 mm
B31s
8.2 mGy
Male: 4.48 mSv
Female:
5.67 mSv

2nd recon.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B80s

223

Thorax
Hints
With studies of interstitial changes in the lungs, contrast medium is not necessary.
This examination is normally performed following a
standard thorax study or used for regular follow up
studies for high risk patient groups with a history of
exposure to carcinogenic agents e.g. asbestos.

224

Thorax

225

Thorax
ThoraxSeqHR
Indications:
Sequence mode for High Resolution lung studies, e.g.,
interstitial changes in the lungs using a feed of 10 mm.
A scan range is predefined with 19.1 cm.

226

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorSeqHR
120
100
0.75 sec.
2 x 1.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
10.0 mm
B80s
1.7 mGy
Male: 0.5 mSv
Female: 0.6 mSv

ThorSeqHR
120
100
0.75 sec.
2 x 1.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
10.0 mm
B80s
1.68 mGy
Male: 0.44 mSv
Female: 0.56 mSv

227

Thorax
Hints
If you want to reconstruct thin slices every 15 or
20 mm instead of 10 mm as predefined, simply
change the Feed/Scan before loading the mode.
With studies of interstitial changes in the lungs, contrast medium is not necessary.

228

Thorax

229

Thorax
ThoraxECGSeqHR
Indications:
ECG-triggered sequence mode for High Resolution
lung studies, e.g., interstitial changes in the lungs
using a feed of 10 mm.
A scan range is predefined with 19.1 cm.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

230

ThoraxECGSeqHR
120
120
0.75 sec.
2 x 1.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
10.0 mm
B80s
2.0 mGy
Male: 0.6 mSv
Female: 0.72 mSv

Thorax

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThoraxECGSeqHR
120
120
0.75 sec.
2 x 1.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
10.0 mm
B80s
2.01 mGy
Male: 0.53 mSv
Female: 0.67 mSv

Hints
If you want to reconstruct thin slices every 15 or
20 mm instead of 10 mm as predefined, simply
change the Feed/Scan before loading the mode.
When performing studies for Interstitial lung disease, contrast medium is not necessary.
If you apply API for a single breathhold acquisition,
please make sure that the breathhold interval in the
Patient Model Dialog is longer than the total scan
time, e.g. 50 s, otherwise the image acquisition will
be interrupted by the default breathhold interval.
This does not apply when API is not activated. For
longer ranges, e.g. the entire thoracic aorta, that
cannot be acquired within a single breathhold,
please ensure that the breathhold interval in the
Patient Model Dialog is set up correctly, according to
the patients level of cooperation.

231

Thorax
LungLowDose
Indications:
Lung spiral study with low dose setting, e.g. early visualization of pulmonary nodules.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical thorax study in a range of 30 cm will be covered in 9.33 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical thorax study in a range of 30 cm will be covered in 14.33 sec.

232

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

LungLowDose
120
20

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
18.0 mm
1.5
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B50f
B50f
1.6 mGy
Male: 0.77 mSv
Female: 1.0 mSv

LungLowDose
120
20

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
11.3 mm
1.5
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B50f
B50f
1.64 mGy
Male: 0.79 mSv
Female: 1.03 mSv

233

Thorax

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
30 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 70 ml
Hints
You could repeat the same protocol simply by clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat. E.g. when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
For lung cancer evaluation, this protocol can be combined with protocol NeckRoutine.
Low dose lung images are usually evaluated using
lung window setting. Soft tissue/bone window settings may be used to visualize the presence of calcifications in the nodules.
It is essential to use the same protocol for follow-up
studies to check for progression.
CARE Dose 4D is off as default because for LungLowDose protocols the lowest mAs values are used.

234

Thorax

235

Thorax
LungCARE
Indications:
Lung spiral study for the application syngo LungCARE
CT with low dose setting, for visualization of pulmonary nodules.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical thorax study in a range of 30 cm will be covered in 9.33 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical thorax study in a range of 30 cm will be covered in 14.33 sec.

236

Thorax

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

LungCARE
120
20
0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
18.0 mm
1.5
0.7 mm
B50f
1.6 mGy
Male: 0.77 mSv
Female: 1.0 mSv

LungCARE
120
20
0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
11.3 mm
1.5
0.7 mm
B50f
1.64 mGy
Male: 0.79 mSv
Female: 1.03 mSv

237

Thorax

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
30 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
50 70 ml
For further information, please refer to the Application
Guide Clinical Applications 2.
Hints
You could repeat the same protocol simply by clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat. E.g. when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
For lung cancer evaluation, this protocol can be combined with protocol NeckRoutine.
Low dose lung images are usually evaluated using
lung window setting. Soft tissue/bone window settings may be used to visualize the presence of calcifications in the nodules.
It is essential to use the same protocol for follow-up
studies to check for progression.
CARE Dose 4D is off as default because for LungLowDose protocols the lowest mAs values are used.

238

Thorax

239

Abdomen

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
AbdomenRoutine
Spiral mode for routine abdominal studies
AbdomenCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice and
routine abdominal studies
AbdomenVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal abdomen studies
AbdMultiPhase
Spiral mode for three phases liver studies

240

Abdomen
AbdSeq
Sequential mode for abdominal studies
CT Colonography
Spiral mode used for the application
syngo Colonography
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
AbdomenRoutine
Spiral mode for routine abdominal studies
AbdomenCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice and
routine abdominal studies
AbdomenVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal abdomen studies
AbdMultiPhase
Spiral mode for three phases liver studies
AbdSeq
Sequential mode for abdominal studies
CT Colonography
Spiral mode used for the application
syngo Colonography

241

Abdomen
Hints in General
Topogram: AP, 512 or 768 mm.
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned
comfortably above the head in the head-arm rest,
lower legs supported.
Patient respiratory instructions: inspiration.
Oral administration of contrast medium:
For abdominal studies, it is necessary to delineate
the bowel from other structures such as lymph
nodes, abdominal masses & abscesses. Various types
of bowel opacifying agents can be used:
Diluted barium suspension (1% 2%) e.g. EZCAT
Water soluble agent (2% 4%) e.g. Gastrografin
Water alone as a negative contrast agent.
Timing of the oral contrast administration is important
to ensure its even distribution in the bowel.
Upper abdomen:
Minimum 600 ml of contrast divided into 3 cups
(approximately 200 250 ml)
1st cup to drink 30 minutes before exam
2nd cup to drink 15 minutes before exam
3rd cup to drink 5 minutes before exam
Abdomen-Pelvis:
Minimum 1000 ml of contrast divided into 4 cups
1st cup to drink 1 hour before exam
2nd 4th cups every subsequent 15 minutes
Start exam 5 minutes after the 4th cup is administered.

242

Abdomen
In general, for abdominal studies such as liver, gall
bladder (query stones), pancreas, gastrointestinal
studies, focal lesion of the kidneys and CTA studies,
it is sufficient to use just water. Water is more effective than positive oral contrast agent in depicting the
linings of the stomach & intestines in post enhancement studies. In addition, the use of water will not
obscure the blood vessels thus allowing CTA processing to be performed easily afterwards.
For patients with bowel obstruction, only water or
water-soluble contrast can be used. Barium suspension is a contraindication.
Be careful when examining pheochromocytoma
patients. Administration of an IV CM injection in
such cases may trigger a hypertensive crisis!
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.

243

Abdomen
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).

244

Abdomen

245

Abdomen
AbdomenRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for all routine studies in the region of
abdomen, e.g. follow-up examinations etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 40 cm will be covered in 12.11 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 40 cm will be covered in 12.59 sec.

246

Abdomen

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

AbdRoutine
120
160
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B30f
11.2 mGy
Male: 9.18 mSv
Female: 11.6 mSv

AbdRoutine
120
160
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
B30f
11.52 mGy
Male: 8.45 mSv
Female: 12.21 mSv

247

Abdomen

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 60 sec.
Flow rate
4.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml
Hints
You could repeat the same protocol simply by clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat. E.g. when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
Delayed scans may be required for the kidneys &
bladder.
If you want to use this protocol for a two-phase
study, repeat the same protocol as mentioned
below, and choose start delay time for arterial phase
as 20 25 sec. In this case, the thin slice reconstruction can also be used for post-processing. Do not
administer oral contrast medium, as this impairs the
editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images. Water could be used
instead if necessary.
Water, rather than positive oral contrast agents
should be used. Give the last cup 200 ml just prior to
positioning the patient. To ensure adequate filling of
the duodenal loop, lay the patient on the right side
for 5 minutes before performing the topogram.

248

Abdomen
A pre-contrast examination is usually performed
only if no CT scans were previously acquired, to
exclude calculi in the common bile duct and to visualize possible lesions in the liver.
For pancreatic studies, the arterial phase acquisition
can be acquired later with a start delay of
40 50 sec. It may be necessary to use a thinner collimation.

249

Abdomen
AbdomenCombi
Indications:
Combination of thin slice and routine abdominal studies with one spiral scan.
For theSOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm for liver, pancreas or kidneys will be
covered in 12.11 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm for liver, pancreas or kidneys will be
covered in 12.59 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

250

AbdCombi
120
160
0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B30f
12.5 mGy
Male: 4.99 mSv
Female: 6.36 mSv

2nd reconstr.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B20f

Abdomen

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

AbdCombi
120
160
0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
B30f
13.12 mGy
Male: 4.81 mSv
Female: 6.95 mSv

2nd reconstr.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B20f

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 65 sec.
Flow rate
4.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml

251

Abdomen
Hints
If you want to use this protocol for a two-phase
study, repeat the same protocol as mentioned
below, and chose start delay time for arterial phase
as 20-25 sec. In this case, the thin slice reconstruction can also be used for postprocessing.
Do not administer oral contrast medium, as this
impairs the editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images. Water
could be used instead if necessary.
You can repeat the same protocol simply by clicking
the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat. E.g. when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
Water, rather than positive oral contrast agents
should be used. Give the last cup 200 ml just prior to
positioning the patient. To ensure adequate filling of
the duodenal loop, lay the patient on the right side
for 5 minutes before performing the topogram.
A pre-contrast examination is usually performed
only if no CT scans were previously acquired, to
exclude calculi in the common bile duct and to visualize possible lesions in the liver.
For pancreatic studies, the arterial phase acquisition
can be acquired later with a start delay of 40 sec.
50 sec. It may be necessary to use a thinner collimation of 3 mm.

252

Abdomen

253

Abdomen
AbdomenVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for all routine studies in the region of
abdomen, e.g. follow-up examinations etc.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal studies in 3D
images display view.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
The whole scan range of 20 cm will be covered in
12.11 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
The whole scan range of 20 cm will be covered in
12.59 sec.

254

Abdomen

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

AbdCombi
120
160

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B30f
B30f
12.5 mGy
Male: 4.99 mSv
Female: 6.36 mSv

AbdCombi
120
160

2nd recon.

10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B30f
B30f
13.1 mGy
Male: 4.81 mSv
Female: 6.95 mSv

255

Abdomen

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 65 sec.
Flow rate
4.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml
Hints
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat, e.g., when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
Delayed scans may be required for the kidneys &
bladder.
If you want to use this protocol for a two-phase
study, repeat the same protocol as mentioned
below, and choose start delay time for arterial phase
as 20 25 sec. In this case, the thin slice reconstruction can also be used for post-processing. Do not
administer oral contrast medium, as this impairs the
editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images. Water could be used
instead if necessary.

256

Abdomen
Water, rather than positive oral contrast agents
should be used. Give the last cup 200 ml just prior to
positioning the patient. To ensure adequate filling of
the duodenal loop, lay the patient on the right side
for 5 minutes before performing the topogram.
A pre-contrast examination is usually performed
only if no CT scans were previously acquired, to
exclude calculi in the common bile duct and to visualize possible lesions in the liver.
For pancreatic studies, the arterial phase acquisition
can be acquired later with a start delay of
40 50 sec. It may be necessary to use a thinner collimation.

257

Abdomen
AbdMultiPhase
Indications:
Combination of 3 phases study including liver, pancreas and kidney.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm including liver, pancreas and kidney:
arterial phase acquired in 6.56 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm including liver, pancreas and kidney:
arterial phase acquired in 8.41 sec.

258

Abdomen

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Non Contrast
120
140
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B30f
9.8 mGy
Male: 3.96 mSv
Female: 5.19 mSv

Non Contrast
120
140
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
5.0 mm
13.5 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B30f
9.66 mGy
Male: 3.97 mSv
Female: 5.82 mSv

259

Abdomen
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm including liver, pancreas and kidney:
arterial phase acquired in 12.11 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm including liver, pancreas and kidney:
arterial phase acquired in 12.59 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

260

Arterial Phase
120
160

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
12.5 mGy
Male: 4.99 mSv
Female: 6.61 mSv

Abdomen

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Arterial Phase
120
160

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
13.12 mGy
Male: 4.81 mSv
Female: 6.95 mSv

261

Abdomen
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm including liver, pancreas and kidney:
arterial phase acquired in 6.56 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm including liver, pancreas and kidney:
arterial phase acquired in 6.8 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

262

Venous Phase
120
140
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B30f
9.8 mGy
Male: 3.96 mSv
Female: 5.19 mSv

Abdomen

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Venous Phase
120
140
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
B30f
10.08 mGy
Male: 4.14 mSv
Female: 6.07 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
20 25 sec. (arterial phase)
50 75 sec. (venous phase)
Flow rate
4 5 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 120 ml

263

Abdomen
Hints
Please notice, if you are not satisfied with the Range
preset, adapt the parameters to your needs and link
them to the series.
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat, e.g., when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
Do not administer oral contrast medium, as this
impairs the editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images. Use
water instead if necessary.
Water, rather than positive oral contrast agents
should be used. Give the last cup 200 ml just prior to
positioning the patient. To ensure adequate filling of
the duodenal loop, lay the patient on the right side
for 5 minutes before performing the topogram.
A pre-contrast examination is usually performed
only if no CT scans were previously acquired, to
exclude calculi in the common bile duct and to visualize possible lesions in the liver. Furthermore, this
also ensures exact positioning for the CTA spiral.
For pancreatic studies, the arterial phase acquisition
can be acquired later with a start delay of
40 50 sec. It may be necessary to use a thinner collimation.

264

Abdomen

265

Abdomen
AbdSeq
Indications:
This protocol is created for measurement with sequential mode in the region of the abdomen.
A scan range is predefined with 20.5 cm.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

266

AbdSeq
120
140
0.75 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
B31s
8.8 mGy
Male: 3.16 mSv
Female: 3.96 mSv

Abdomen

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

AbdSeq
120
140
0.75 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
B31s
8.82 mGy
Male: 3.19 mSv
Female: 3.98 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 65 sec.
Flow rate
4 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml

267

Abdomen
Hints
You could repeat the same protocol simply by clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat. E.g. when both non-contrast and contrast
studies are required.
Water, rather than positive oral contrast agents
should be used. Give the last cup 200 ml just prior
positioning the patient. To ensure adequate filling of
the duodenal loop, lay the patient on the right side
for 5 minutes before performing the topogram.
A pre-contrast examination is usually performed
only if no CT scans were previously acquired, to
exclude calculi in the common bile duct and to visualize possible lesions in the liver.

268

Abdomen

269

Abdomen
CTColonography
Spiral mode used for the application syngo Colonography. Two ranges are predefined, one for supine and the
sec-ond one for prone lying patient.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A complete colon in a range of 40 cm will be covered
in 12.11 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A complete colon in a range of 40 cm will be covered
in 18.78 sec.

270

Abdomen

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Colo_supine
120
50

Colo_prone
120
30

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
18.0 mm
1.5
0.7 mm
B30f
3.9 mGy
Male:
2.81 mSv
Female:
3.92 mSv

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
18.0 mm
1.5
0.7 mm
B10f
2.3 mGy
Male:
1.68 mSv
Female:
2.35 mSv

271

Abdomen

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Colo_supine
120
50

Colo_prone
120
30

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
11.3 mm
1.5
0.7 mm
B30f
4.1 mGy
Male:
3.01 mSv
Female:
4.35 mSv

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
11.3 mm
1.5
0.7 mm
B10f
2.46 mGy
Male:
1.81 mSv
Female:
2.61 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 60 sec.
Flow rate
4.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 ml

272

Abdomen
Hint
CARE Dose 4D is off as default because for Colonography protocols the lowest mAs values are used.
Load all ranges in the application syngo Colonography.
For further information, please refer to the Application
Guide Clinical Applications 2.

273

Spine

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
C-Spine
Spiral mode for cervical spine studies
C-SpineVol
Spiral mode for axial, sagittal soft tissue and sagittal
bone studies for the cervical spine
SpineRoutine
Spiral mode for routine lumbar and thoracic spine
studies
SpineThinSlice
Spiral mode for thin slice lumbar and thoracic spine
studies

274

Spine
SpineVol
Spiral mode for axial and sagittal lumbar and thoracic spine studies
SpineSeq
Sequential mode for lumbar and thoracic evaluation of the discs
Osteo
Sequential mode used for the application syngo
Osteo CT
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
C-Spine
Spiral mode for cervical spine studies
C-SpineVol
Spiral mode for axial, sagittal soft tissue and sagittal
bone studies for the cervical spine
SpineRoutine
Spiral mode for routine lumbar and thoracic spine
studies
SpineThinSlice
Spiral mode for thin slice lumbar and thoracic spine
studies
SpineVol
Spiral mode for axial and sagittal lumbar and thoracic spine studies
SpineSeq
Sequential mode for lumbar and thoracic evaluation
of the discs
Osteo
Sequential mode used for the application syngo
Osteo CT

275

Spine
Hints in General
Topogram: Lateral,
512 mm for thoracic and lumbar spine and 256 mm
for the c-spine.
Patient positioning for thoracic and lumbar spine
studies:
Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned
comfortably above the head in the head-arm rest,
lower legs supported.
Patient positioning for cervical spine studies:
Patient lying in supine position, hyperextend neck
slightly, secure head well in head cradle.
Patient respiratory instruction:
do not breathe, do not swallow.
Any possible injuries to the spinal column should be
determined before beginning the examination and
taken into account when repositioning the patient.
In case of 3D study only, images should be reconstructed with at least 50% overlapping and kernel
B10.
For lumbar studies, place a cushion under the
patients knees. This will reduce the curve in the
spine and also make the patient more comfortable.
For image reconstruction of bone study, use kernel
B60.

276

Spine
The CT scan following myelography must be performed within 4-6 hours of the injection, otherwise,
the contrast density in the spinal canal will be too
high to obtain artifact-free images. Also, if possible,
it is a good idea to roll the patient once, or scan in a
prone position. This will prevent the contrast from
pooling posterior to the spinal cord. If a prone scan is
performed, breathing instructions are recommended to avoid motion artifact in axial source and
MPR images.
With CAREDose 4D the mA values are adapted for
each osteo range, according to the patient diameter.
Therefore special obese protocols for the osteo and
spine evaluation are not longer necessary.

277

Spine
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).

278

Spine

279

Spine
C-Spine
Indications:
Spiral mode for cervical spine studies, e.g. prolapse,
degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 14.83 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 22.83 sec.

280

Spine

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

C-Spine
120
330

2nd recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
B20s
B60s
25.7 mGy
Male: 4.78 mSv
Female: 4.9 mSv

C-Spine
120
330

2nd recon.

0.75 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
5.6 mm
0.75
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
B20s
B60s
27.06 mGy
Male: 5.18 mSv
Female: 5.29 mSv

281

Spine
Hint
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat.
Please notice, if you are not satisfied with the Range
preset, adapt the parameters to your needs and link
them to the series.

282

Spine

283

Spine
C-SpineVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for cervical spine studies, e.g. prolapse,
degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc.
Three recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for soft tissue axial, the second for soft tissue sagittal and third for sagittal bone studies in 3D images
display view.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 14.83 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 22.83 sec.
T
Sensation 16
C-Spine
2nd
3rd
recon.
recon.
kV
120
330
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
0.75 sec.
Acquisition
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
9.0 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Kernel
B20s
B20s
B60s
CTDIVol
25.7 mGy
Effective dose
Male: 4.78 mSv
Female: 4.9 mSv

284

Spine

Sensation 10

C-Spine

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

120
330

2nd
recon.

0.75 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
5.6 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Kernel
B20s
B20s
27.1 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 5.18 mSv
Female: 5.29 mSv

3rd
recon.

2.0 mm

2.0 mm
B60s

Hint
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat.

285

Spine
SpineRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for thoracic and lumbar spine studies, e.g.
prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 8.17 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 12.17 sec.

286

Spine

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

SpineRoutine
120
300

2nd recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
1.4 mm
B20s
B60s
21.0 mGy
Male: 7.96 mSv
Female: 9.41 mSv

SpineRoutine
120
280

2nd recon.

0.75 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
11.3 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
1.4 mm
B20s
B60s
20.16 mGy
Male: 3.86 mSv
Female: 3.94 mSv

287

Spine
Hint
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat.
Please notice, if you are not satisfied with the Range
preset, adapt the parameters to your needs and link
them to the series.

288

Spine

289

Spine
SpineThinSlice
Indications:
Spiral mode for thin slice thoracic and lumbar spine
studies, e.g. prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma,
tumors etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 14.83 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 22.83 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

Spine
ThinSlice
120
300

2nd
recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
9.0 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
Kernel
B20s
B20s
23.4 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 7.82 mSv
Female: 9.36 mSv

290

3rd
recon.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B60s

Spine

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

Spine
ThinSlice
120
280

2nd
recon.

0.75 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
5.6 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
Kernel
B20s
B20s
22.96 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 5.51 mSv
Female: 9.73 mSv

3rd
recon.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
B60s

Please notice, if you are not satisfied with the Range

preset, adapt the parameters to your needs and link
them to the series.

291

Spine
SpineVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for thoracic and lumbar spine studies, e.g.
prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc.
Three recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for soft tissue axial, the second for soft tissue sagittal and third for sagittal bone studies in 3D images
display view.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 14.83 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 16 cm will be covered in 22.83 sec

292

Spine

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition

Spine
ThinSlice
120
300

2nd recon. 3rd

recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x
0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
9.0 mm
Pitch Factor
0.75
Increment
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
Kernel
B20s
B20s
23.4 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 7.82 mSv
Female: 9.36 mSv

2.0 mm

2.0 mm
B20s

293

Spine

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Spine
ThinSlice
120
280

2nd
recon.

0.75 sec.
10 x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
5.6 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
B20s
B20s
22.96 mGy
Male: 5.51 mSv
Female: 9.73 mSv

3rd
recon.

2.0 mm

2.0 mm
B20s

Hint
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat.

294

Spine

295

Spine
SpineSeq
Indications:
Sequence mode for spine studies, e.g. prolapse,
degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc.
This protocol contains three ranges: L3-L4, L4-L5, L5S1.
Three different typical gantry tilts are predefined: for
L3-L4: 0, for L4-L5: +5 and for L5-S1: +15.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range is predefined with 25.5 mm.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range is predefined with 22.5 mm.

296

Spine

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref.
mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male:
Female:

Sensation 10
kV
Effective
mAs/Quality
ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male:
Female:

L3-4
120
200

L4-5
120
200

L5-S1
120
220

1.0 sec.
12 x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm

1.0 sec.
12 x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm

1.0 sec.
12 x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm

1.5 mm
9.0 mm
B31s
16.8 mGy

1.5 mm
9.0 mm
B31s
16.8 mGy

1.5 mm
9.3 mm
B31s
18.5 mGy

1.32 mSv
1.61 mSv

1.02 mSv
1.37 mSv

0.74 mSv
1.18 mSv

L3-4
120
200

L4-5
120
200

L5-S1
120
220

1.0 sec.
8x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm

1.0 sec.
8x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm

1.0 sec.
8x
0.75 mm
0.75 mm

1.5 mm
6.2 mm
B31s
16.8 mGy

1.5 mm
6.2 mm
B31s
16.8 mGy

1.5 mm
6.2 mm
B31s
18.48 mGy

0.58 mSv 0.58 mSv

0.85 mSv 0.85 mSv

0.64 mSv
0.93 mSv

297

Spine
Hint
You could repeat the same protocol by simply clicking the chronicle with the right mouse button for
repeat.

298

Spine

299

Spine
Osteo
This is the scan protocol for the syngo Osteo CT application package to assist the physician with the quantitative assessment of vertebral bone mineral density
(BMD) in the diagnosis and follow-up of osteopenia
and osteoporosis.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

300

Osteo
80
250
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0 mm
S80s
5.3 mGy
Male: 0.51 mSv
Female: 0.81 mSv

Spine

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Osteo
80
250
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0 mm
S80s
5.0 mGy
Male: 0.48 mSv
Female: 0.78 mSv

With CAREDose 4D the mA values are adapted for

each osteo range, according to the patient diameter.
Therefore special obese protocols for the osteo evaluation are not longer necessary.
Load all ranges in the application syngo Osteo CT.
For further information, please refer to the Application
Guide Clinical Applications 1.

301

Pelvis

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
Pelvis
Spiral mode for routine soft tissue pelvis studies
PelvisVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal pelvis studies
Hip
Spiral mode for routine hip studies
HipVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal hip studies
SI_Joints
Spiral mode for sacral iliac joints studies

302

Pelvis
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
Pelvis
Spiral mode for routine soft tissue pelvis studies
PelvisVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal pelvis studies
Hip
Spiral mode for routine hip studies
HipVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal hip studies
SI_Joints
Spiral mode for sacral iliac joints studies

303

Pelvis
Hints in General
Topogram: AP,
512 mm for pelvis studies and
256 mm for studies of the hip.
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned
comfortably above the head in the head-arm rest,
lower legs supported.
A breathing command is not necessarily required for
the pelvic examination, since respiration does not
negatively influence this region.
Rectal contrast medium administration:
Rectal contrast media is usually required to delineate
the rectum and sigmoid colon, if lower pelvic mass
or pathology is suspected. In some cases, air may be
substituted for a positive contrast agent. The use of
vaginal tampon may be helpful in adult female
patients with suspected pelvis pathology.
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.

304

Pelvis
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).

305

Pelvis
Pelvis
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine pelvis studies, e.g. processes of
the prostate, urinary bladder, rectum, gynecological
indications etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 20 cm will be covered in 6.56 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 20 cm will be covered in 6.8 sec.

306

Pelvis

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Pelvis
120
160
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B31f
11.2 mGy
Male: 5.56 mSv
Female: 7.08 mSv

Pelvis
120
160
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
B31f
11.52 mGy
Male: 5.78 mSv
Female: 7.28 mSv

307

Pelvis

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 sec. *
Flow rate
2.0 3.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 120 ml
* If the examination performed requires a full urinary
bladder, wait at least 3 minutes following IV administration of the contrast medium.

308

Pelvis

309

Pelvis
PelvisVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for pelvis studies, e.g. processes of the
prostate, urinary bladder, rectum, gynecological indications etc.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal studies in 3D
images display view.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 20 cm will be covered in 6.56 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 20 cm will be covered in 6.8 sec.

310

Pelvis

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective Dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective Dose

Pelvis
120
160

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31f
B31f
11.2 mGy
Male: 5.56 mSv
Female: 7.08 mSv

Pelvis
120
160

2nd reconstr.

10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B31f
B31f
11.5 mGy
Male: 5.78 mSv
Female: 7.28 mSv

311

Pelvis

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
50 sec. *
Flow rate
2.0 3.0 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 120 ml
* If the examination performed requires a full urinary
bladder, following administration of IV administration
of contrast medium, wait at least 3 minutes before
starting the scan.

312

Pelvis

313

Pelvis
Hip
Indications:
Spiral mode for HiRes bone studies and soft tissue
studies of the Hip, e.g. evaluation of joint cavity,
masses, trauma, dysplasia, necrosis of the head of the
hip, congruence evaluations, orthopedic indications
etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 10 cm will be covered in 13.11 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 10 cm will be covered in 13.59 sec.

314

Pelvis

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective Dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective Dose

Hip
120
150

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60s
B60s
11.7 mGy
Male: 4.31 mSv
Female: 1.39 mSv

Hip
120
150

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60s
B60s
12.3 mGy
Male: 4.64 mSv
Female: 2.55 mSv

315

Pelvis
Hints
In case of 3D study only, images should be reconstructed with at least 50% overlapping and kernel
B10.
If only one side is examined, it is advisable to enter
the side in the comment line.

316

Pelvis

317

Pelvis
HipVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for bone studies and soft tissue studies of
the Hip, e.g. evaluation of joint cavity, masses, trauma,
dysplasia, necrosis of the head of the hip, congruence
evaluations, orthopedic indications etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 10 cm will be covered in 13.11 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 10 cm will be covered in 13.59 sec.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal studies in
3D images display view.

318

Pelvis

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective Dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective Dose

Hip
120
150

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B60s
B60s
11.7 mGy
Male: 4.31 mSv
Female: 1.39 mSv

Hip
120
150

2nd reconstr.

10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
5.0 mm
B60s
B60s
12.3 mGy
Male: 4.64 mSv
Female: 2.55 mSv

319

Pelvis
For the 2nd reconstruction a 3D coronal recon job will
be automatically started.
Hint
If only one side is examined, it is advisable to enter
the side in the comment line.

320

Pelvis

321

Pelvis
SI_Joints
Indications:
Spiral mode for the sacroiliac joints, e.g. evaluation of
joint cavity, masses, trauma, dysplasia, necrosis, congruence evaluations, orthopedic indications etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 8 cm will be covered in 5.44 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 8 cm will be covered in 5.64 sec.

322

Pelvis

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

SI_Joints
120
160

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60f
B60f
12.5 mGy
Male: 4.27 mSv
Female: 1.42 mSv

SI_Joints
120
160

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60f
B60f
13.12 mGy
Male: 2.34 mSv
Female: 4.15 mSv

323

Upper Extremities

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
WristUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution wrist studies
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution extremity
studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice and
routine studies

324

Upper Extremities
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
WristUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution wrist studies
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution extremity
studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice and
routine studies

325

Upper Extremities
Hints in General
Topogram: AP, 256 mm for joint studies.
Patient positioning:
Depends on the region of examination.
In general, for bilateral studies, you should always
try to position the patient evenly whenever the
patient can comply.
For wrists and elbow scans:
Patient lying in prone position, hands stretched
above the head and lying flat on a Bocollo pillow,
ankles supported with a pad. Both wrists should be
examined together when necessary.
Retrospective reconstruction can be done:
a)Use B50s kernel for soft tissue evaluation.
b)For targeted FoV images on the affected side, it is
advisable to enter the side being examined in the
comment line.
In case of 3D study only, use kernel B10 and at least
50% overlapping image reconstruction.
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.

326

Upper Extremities
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).
For very high sharpness we recommended the U70u,
U80u, U90u for bone studies. UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm.
It is mandatory to position the area of interest in the
center of the scan field. Use ExtrCombi mode when a
scan FoV > 25 cm is necessary.

327

Upper Extremities
WristUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for High Resolution bone study of
thewrist, e.g. trauma, orthopedic indications etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the area of interest in the center
of the scan field.
A range of 6 cm will be done in 64.5 sec.

328

Upper Extremities

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

WristUHR
120
80

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
8.6 mGy
Male: 0.01mSv
Female: 0.01 mSv

WristUHR
120
80

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
8.56 mGy
Male: 0.02mSv
Female: 0.01 mSv

329

Upper Extremities
Hints
This protocol is used for ultra high-resolution studies.
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.

330

Upper Extremities

331

Upper Extremities
ExtrRoutineUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for Ultra High Resolution bone study, e.g.
trauma, orthopedic indications etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the area of interest in the center
of the scan field.
A range of 6 cm will be done in 64.5 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

332

ExtrUHR
120
120

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
12.8 mGy
Male: 0.02 mSv
Female: 0.02 mSv

Upper Extremities

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs*
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ExtrUHR
120
120

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
12.84 mGy
Male: 0.03 mSv
Female: 0.02 mSv

* Adjust the mAs value to the body region.

Hint
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.

333

Upper Extremities
ExtrCombi
Indications:
Spiral mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint
etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 24.73 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 38.36 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

334

ExtrCombi
120
90

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60s
B60s
7.0 mGy
Male: 0.02 mSv
Female: 0.02 mSv

Upper Extremities

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ExtrCombi
120
90

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
4.1 mm
0.55
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60s
B60s
7.38 mGy
Male: 0.04 mSv
Female: 0.04 mSv

Hint
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
B30s/B31s.

335

Lower Extremities

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
KneeUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution wrist studies
FootUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution wrist studies
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution extremity
studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice and
routine studies

336

Lower Extremities
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
KneeUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution wrist studies
FootUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution wrist studies
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution extremity
studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice and
routine studies

337

Lower Extremities
Hints in General
Topogram: AP, 256 mm for joint studies.
Patient positioning:
Depends on the region of examination.
In general, for bilateral studies, you should always
try to position the patient evenly whenever the
patient can comply.
For knee scan:
Patient lying in supine position, feet first, promote
relaxation by placing Bocollo pillows between knees
and feet, bind feet together.
The only exceptions are extremely light patients. The
latter can remove the leg not being examined from
the gantry by bending it 90 at the hip and the knee
and placing the bottom of the same foot against the
gantry casing.
For ankle and feet scan:
Patient lying in supine position, feet first.
Bind both ankles together if necessary to assure the
AP position of both feet.
Special positioning is not necessary since the real
time MPR could simulate any view of secondary
reconstruction.

338

Lower Extremities
Retrospective reconstruction can be done:
a)Use B50s kernel for soft tissue evaluation.
b)For targeted FoV images on the affected side, it is
advisable to enter the side being examined in the
comment line.
In case of 3D study only, use kernel B10 and at least
50% overlapping image reconstruction.
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment, and slice
width for image reconstruction.
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.

339

Lower Extremities
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).
For very high sharpness we recommended the U70u,
U80u, U90u for bone studies. UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm.
It is mandatory to position the area of interest in the
center of the scan field. Use ExtrCombi mode when a
scan FoV > 25 cm is necessary.
In case of 3D study only, the mAs value can be
reduced by 50%. Use kernel B10s and at least 50%
overlapping for image reconstruction.
If the Pelvis region is included in the scan range, we
recommend at least 120 kV.

340

Lower Extremities

341

Lower Extremities
KneeUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for ultra HiRes bone study, e.g. trauma,
orthopedic indications etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the area of interest in the center
of the scan field.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 43.67 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 46.44 sec.

342

Lower Extremities

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

KneeUHR
120
140

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
6 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
3.6 mm
0.8
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
12.7 mGy
Male: 0.04 mSv
Female: 0.04 mSv

KneeUHR
120
140

2nd reconstr.

1.00 sec.
6 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
3.4 mm
0.75
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
12.18 mGy
Male: 0.07 mSv
Female: 0.05 mSv

343

Lower Extremities
Hints
This protocol is used for ultra high-resolution studies.
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.

344

Lower Extremities

345

Lower Extremities
FootUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for ultra HiRes bone study, e.g. trauma,
orthopedic indications etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the area of interest in the center
of the scan field.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 43.67 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 46.44 sec

346

Lower Extremities

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

FootUHR
120
120

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
6 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
3.6 mm
0.8
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
10.9 mGy
Male: 0.03 mSv
Female: 0.03 mSv

FootUHR
120
120

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
6 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
3.4 mm
0.75
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
10.44 mGy
Male: 0.06 mSv
Female: 0.04 mSv

347

Lower Extremities
Hints
This protocol is used for ultra high-resolution studies.
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.

348

Lower Extremities

349

Lower Extremities
ExtrRoutineUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for ultra HiRes bone study, e.g. trauma,
orthopedic indications etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the area of interest in the center
of the scan field.
A range of 6 cm will be done in 64.5 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs*
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

350

ExtrUHR
120
120

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
12.8 mGy
Male: 0.02 mSv
Female: 0.02 mSv

Lower Extremities

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs*
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ExtrUHR
120
120

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
U90u
U90u
12.84 mGy
Male: 0.03 mSv
Female: 0.02 mSv

* Adjust the mAs value to the body region.

Hint
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.

351

Lower Extremities
ExtrCombi
Indications:
Spiral mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint
etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 24.73 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 15 cm will be done in 38.36 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs*
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

352

ExtrCombi
120
90

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60s
B60s
7.0 mGy
Male: 0.02 mSv
Female: 0.02 mSv

Lower Extremities

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs*
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ExtrCombi
120
90

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
4.1 mm
0.55
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B60s
B60s
7.38 mGy
Male: 0.04 mSv
Female: 0.04 mSv

* Adjust the mAs value to the body region.

Hint
For image reconstruction of soft tissue, use kernel
U30u.

353

Vascular

Overview
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
HeadAngio
Spiral mode for routine head CTAngio studies
HeadAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal HeadCTAngio studies
CarotidAngio
Spiral mode for carotid CTAngio studies
CarotidAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal carotid CTAngio
studies

354

Vascular
ThorAngioRoutine/ThorAngioRoutine042s
Spiral mode for routine thorax CTAngio studies
ThorAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and oblique thorax CTAngio
studies
ThorCardioECG/ThorCardioECG042s/
ThorCardioECG037s
Spiral mode for ECG-gated thorax CTAngio studies
Embolism/Embolism042s
Spiral mode for routine pulmonary embolism studies
BodyAngioRoutine
Spiral mode for body CTAngio studies
BodyAngioFast/BodyAngioFast042s
Spiral mode for fast body CTAngio studies
BodyAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal body CTAngio
studies
AngioRunOff
Spiral mode for long distance extremity CTAngio
studies
WholeBodyAngio
Spiral mode for whole body angio studies

355

Vascular
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
HeadAngio
Spiral mode for routine head CTAngio studies
HeadAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal HeadCTAngio studies
CarotidAngio
Spiral mode for carotid CTAngio studies
CarotidAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal carotid CTAngio
studies
ThorAngioRoutine/ThorAngioRoutine042s
Spiral mode for routine thorax CTAngio studies
ThorAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and oblique thorax CTAngio
studies
ThorCardioECG/ThorCardioECG042s
Spiral mode for ECG-gated thorax CTAngio studies
Embolism/Embolism042s
Spiral mode for routine pulmonary embolism studies

356

Vascular
BodyAngioRoutine
Spiral mode for body CTAngio studies
BodyAngioFast/BodyAngioFast042s
Spiral mode for fast body CTAngio studies
BodyAngioVol
Spiral mode for axial and coronal body CTAngio
studies
AngioRunOff
Spiral mode for long distance extremity CTAngio
studies
WholeBodyAngio
Spiral mode for whole body angio studies

357

Vascular
Hints in General
Topogram: AP, 512/1024 or LAT 256
Patient positioning:
Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned
comfortably above the head in the head-arm rest,
lower legs supported.
Patient respiratory instructions: inspiration.
Oral administration of contrast medium:
The use of water will not obscure the blood vessels
thus allowing CTA processing to be performed easily
afterwards.
Be careful when examining pheochromocytoma
patients. Administration of an IV CM injection in
such cases may trigger a hypertensive crisis!
To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.

358

Vascular
Head Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
For soft tissue head studies, the standard kernel is
H40s; softer images are obtained with H30s or H20s,
H10s, sharper images with H50s. The kernels H21s,
H31s, H41s yield the same visual sharpness as H20s,
H30s, H40s, the image appearance, however, is
more agreeable due to a fine-grained noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is
improved by using H31s, H 41s instead of H30s,
H40s. For the standard head protocols, we propose
H21s, H31s, H41s.
High resolution head studies should be performed
with H60s, H70s (e.g. for dental and sinuses).
Body Kernels
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.

359

Vascular
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
In case of 3D study only, the mAs value can be
reduced by 50%. Use kernel B10s and at least 50%
overlapping for image reconstruction.

360

Vascular

361

Vascular
HeadAngio
Indications:
Spiral mode for cerebral CT Angios, e.g. cerebral vascular abnormalities, tumors and follow up studies etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 80 mm will be covered in 3.9 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 80 mm will be covered in 5.64 sec.

362

Vascular

Sensation 16
HeadAngio
kV
100
140
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
0.5 sec.
Acquisition
16 x 0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
4.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
13.8 mm
Pitch Factor
1.15
Increment
4.0 mm
Kernel
H20f
19.7 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 0.71 mSv
Female: 0.76 mSv

Sensation 10
HeadAngio
kV
100
140
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
0.5 sec.
Acquisition
10 x 0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
4.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
8.6 mm
Pitch Factor
1.15
Increment
4.0 mm
Kernel
H20f
21.0 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 0.79 mSv
Female: 0.85 mSv

2nd reconstr.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
H10f

2nd reconstr.

1.0 mm

0.7 mm
H10f

363

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
18 sec.
Flow rate
3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
75 ml
Hint
Use of CARE Bolus with monitoring scans positioned
at the level of the basilar artery or carotid artery. Set
the trigger threshold at 120 HU, or use manual triggering.

364

Vascular

365

Vascular
HeadAngioVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for cerebral CT Angios, e.g. cerebral vascular abnormalities, tumors and follow-up studies etc.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal studies in 3D
images display view.
The coronal view images will be reconstructed as MIP
images.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 12.0 cm will be covered in 5.35 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 12.0 cm will be covered in 7.96 sec.

366

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

HeadAngio
100
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.0 mm
4.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
4.0 mm
4.0 mm
H20f
H10f
19.7 mGy
Male: 0.9 mSv
Female: 0.95 mSv

HeadAngio
100
140

2nd reconstr.

10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
4.0 mm
4.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
4.0 mm
4.0 mm
H20f
H10f
21.0 mGy
Male: 1.18 mSv
Female: 1.28 mSv

367

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
18 sec.
Flow rate
3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
75 ml

Hint
Use of CARE Bolus with monitoring scans positioned
at the level of the basilar artery or carotid artery. Set
the trigger threshold at 120 HU, or use manual triggering.

368

Vascular

369

Vascular
CarotidAngio
Indications:
CT angiography of the carotid arteries, e.g. carotid
stenosis or occlusion, coarse plaques abnormalities of
the carotids or vertebral arteries, etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm including the aorta arch will be covered in 8.25 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm including the aorta arch will be covered in 12.59 sec.

370

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

CarotidAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
9.4 mGy
Male: 2.02 mSv
Female: 1.89 mSv

CarotidAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
9.84 mGy
Male: 2.22 mSv
Female: 2.3 mSv

371

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
4 20 sec.
Flow rate
4 ml/sec.
Total amount
90 ml

Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aortic arch
with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use manual
triggering.
High quality 2D & 3D postprocessing can be achieved
using a thin slice thickness and 50% overlapping
increments.
Thick MPRs and ThinMIPs can be created very quickly
on the 3D Task Card by just clicking on the appropriate icons. The thickness of these reconstructed
images can be defined by clicking on the icons with
the right mouse to open the entry field.

372

Vascular

373

Vascular
CarotidAngioVol
Indications:
CT angiography of the carotid arteries, e.g. carotid
stenosis or occlusions, coarse plaques abnormalities of
the carotids and vertebral arteries, etc.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal studies in 3D
images display view.
The coronal view images will be reconstructed as MIP
images.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm including the aorta arch will be covered in 8.25 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm including the aorta arch will be covered in 12.59 sec.
.

374

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

CarotidAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
B30f
B30f
9.4 mGy
Male: 2.02 mSv
Female: 1.89 mSv

CarotidAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
B30f
B30f
9.84 mGy
Male: 2.22 mSv
Female: 2.3 mSv

375

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
4 6 sec.
Flow rate
4 ml/sec.
Total amount
90 ml
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aortic arch
with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use manual
triggering.
High quality 2D & 3D postprocessing can be achieved
using a thin slice thickness and 50% overlapping
increments.
Thick MPRs and ThinMIPs can be created very quickly
on the 3D Task Card by just clicking on the appropriate icons. The thickness of these reconstructed
images can be defined by clicking on the icons with
the right mouse to open the entry field.
For further information about 3D reconstructions
please refer to the chapter "WorkStream 4D" or the
chapter "3D" in the Application Guide "Clinical Applications 2".

376

Vascular

377

Vascular
ThorAngioRoutine/
ThorAngio042s
Indications:
Spiral mode for thoracal CT Angios, e.g. visualization
of tumors, metastases, lymphoma, lymph nodes, vascular anomalies etc.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 40 cm will be covered in 15.49 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 40 cm will be covered in 20.32 sec.

378

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
9.4 mGy
Male: 6.14 mSv
Female: 7.6 mSv

ThorAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
9.84 mGy
Male: 6.74 mSv
Female: 8.3 mSv

379

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 15 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 ml
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aortic arch
with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use manual
triggering.
Thick MPRs and ThinMIPs can be created very quickly
on the 3D Task Card by just clicking on the appropriate icons. The thickness of these reconstructed
images can be defined by clicking on the icons with
the right mouse to open the entry field.
Editing is necessary for SSD display of the thoracic
aorta without the bone.

380

Vascular

381

Vascular
ThorAngioVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for thoracic CT Angios, e.g. visualization of
tumors, metastases, lymphoma, lymph nodes, vascular anomalies etc.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for double-oblique studies in
3D images display view.
The oblique view images will be reconstructed as MIP
images.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 40 cm will be covered in 15.49 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 40 cm will be covered in 24.19 sec.

382

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
B30f
B30f
9.4 mGy
Male: 6.14 mSv
Female: 7.6 mSv

ThorAngio
120
120

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
B30f
B30f
9.84 mGy
Male: 6.74 mSv
Female: 8.3 mSv

383

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 15 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 ml

Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aortic arch
with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use manual
triggering.

384

Vascular

385

Vascular
ThorCardioECG/
ThorCardioECG042s/
ThorCardioECG037s
Indications:
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
This is a spiral scanning protocol using an ECG gating
technique for thoracic Angios, e.g. visualization of pulmonary embolism, coronary stenosis, vascular anomalies etc.
A range of 25 cm including the aorta arch will be covered in 23.73 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
This is a spiral scanning protocol using an ECG gating
technique for thoracic Angios, e.g. visualization of pulmonary embolism, coronary stenosis, vascular anomalies etc.
A range of 25 cm including the aorta arch will be covered in 37.68 sec.

386

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
Temp. resolution1
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorCorECG
120
440

2nd reconstr.

0.42/0.37 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
4.6/4.1 mm
0.38/0.34
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
up to 105/
86 ms
34.3 mGy
Male: 15.19 mSv
Female: 18.02 mSv

1. depends on heart rate

387

Vascular

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
Temp. resolution1
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorCorECG
120
410

0.5/0.42 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
3.4/2.9 mm
0.45/0.38
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
up to 125/
105 ms
33.6 mGy
Male: 15.35 mSv
Female: 21.57 mSv

1. depends on heart rate

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 15 sec.
Flow rate
2.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 ml

388

2nd reconstr.

Vascular
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aorta thoracalis with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use manual triggering.

389

Vascular
Embolism/Embolism042s
Indications:

Spiral mode for Pulmonary Emboli studies.

For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 16.63 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 21.84 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

390

Embolism
100
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.6 mm
0.8
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
7.0 mGy
Male: 3.63 mSv
Female: 4.33 mSv

Vascular

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Embolism
100
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
6.0 mm
0.8
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
7.56 mGy
Male: 3.93 mSv
Female: 4.95 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
4 10 sec.
Flow rate
4 ml/sec.
Total amount
80 100 ml
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aortic arch
with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use manual
triggering.

391

Vascular
BodyAngioRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for abdominal CT Angio studies.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical study in a range of 40 cm will be covered in
15.49 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical study in a range of 40 cm will be covered in
24.19 sec.

392

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BodyAngio
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
10.9 mGy
Male: 7.16 mSv
Female: 8.87 mSv

BodyAngio
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
11.48 mGy
Male: 7.88 mSv
Female: 11.53 mSv

393

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 15 sec.
Flow rate
3.0 3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 120 ml

Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aorta abdominalis with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.
Do not administer oral contrast medium, as this
impairs the editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images.
Use water as oral contrast.
The length of the CM spiral in the topogram (via the
table position) can be planned exactly by means of
pre-contrast images.
Precontrast images are used to visualize calcification.
Excellent postprocessed images can be created using
a thin slice thickness and overlapping images, i.e.
the increment should be smaller than the slice thickness.

394

Vascular

395

Vascular
BodyAngioFast/
BodyAngioFast042s
Indications:
Spiral mode for abdominal CT Angio studies, longer
coverage and larger vessels.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical study of the whole aorta including its branchiocephalic trunk and iliac arteries in a range of 60 cm
will be covered in 11.87 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical study of the whole aorta including its branchiocephalic trunk and iliac arteries in a range of 60 cm
will be covered in 18.39 sec.

396

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BodyAngio
Fast
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
2.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
9.8 mGy
Male: 9.76 mSv
Female: 13.99 mSv

BodyAngio
Fast
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
10.08 mGy
Male: 10.37 mSv
Female: 15.19 mSv

397

Vascular
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical study of the whole aorta including its branchiocephalic trunk and iliac arteries in a range of 40 cm
will be covered in 13.01 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical study of the whole aorta including its branchiocephalic trunk and iliac arteries in a range of 60 cm
will be covered in 15.45 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

398

BodyAngio
Fast
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.42 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
10.9 mGy
Male: 7.16 mSv
Female: 8.87 mSv

Vascular

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BodyAngio
Fast
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.42 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
10.08 mGy
Male: 10.37 mSv
Female: 15.19 mSv

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 sec.
Flow rate
3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
120 ml

399

Vascular
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aorta abdominalis with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.
Do not administer oral contrast medium, as this
impairs the editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images.
Use water as oral contrast.
The length of the CM spiral in the topogram (via the
table position) can be planned exactly by means of
pre-contrast images.
Precontrast images are used to visualize calcification.
Excellent postprocessed images can be created using
a thin slice thickness and overlapping images, i.e.
the increment should be smaller than the slice thickness.

400

Vascular

401

Vascular
BodyAngioVol
Indications:
Spiral mode for abdominal CT Angio studies.
Two recon jobs are predefined for reconstruction: the
first for axial, the second for coronal studies in 3D
images display view. The coronal view images will be
reconstructed as MIP images.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical study in a range of 40 cm will be covered in
15.49 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical study in a range of 40 cm will be covered in
24.19 sec.

402

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

BodyAngio
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
13.8 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
B30f
B30f
10.9 mGy
Male: 7.16 mSv
Female: 8.87 mSv

BodyAngio
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
3.0 mm
B30f
B30f
11.48 mGy
Male: 7.88 mSv
Female: 11.53 mSv

403

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 25 sec.
Flow rate
3.0 3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
100 120 ml

Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the aorta abdominalis with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.
Do not administer oral contrast medium, as this
impairs the editing of MIP/SSD/VRT images.
Use water as oral contrast.
The length of the CM spiral in the topogram (via the
table position) can be planned exactly by means of
pre-contrast images.
Precontrast images are used to visualize calcification.
Excellent postprocessed images can be created using
a thin slice thickness and overlapping images, i.e.
the increment should be smaller than the slice thickness.

404

Vascular

405

Vascular
AngioRunOff
Indications:
For CT Angio spiral studies of the extremities.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 80 cm will be done in 18.54 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 80 cm will be done in 24.19 sec.

406

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

AngioRunOff
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
2.0 mm
22.8 mm
0.95
6.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
9.8 mGy
Male: 6.43 mSv
Female: 6.19 mSv
AngioRunOff
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
10.08 mGy
Male: 6.13 mSv
Female: 4.95 mSv

407

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 20 sec.
Flow rate
3.0 3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
120 150 ml
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan with triggering
threshold of 120 HU, or use manual triggering.
If Topo length 1024 mm is not long enough, you can
also choose the 1540 mm long Topogram.
Position the patient as feet first. Bend the feet
together if necessary.

408

Vascular

409

Vascular
WholeBodyAngio
Indications:
For CTA studies of the whole body.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 80 cm will be done in 15.49 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 80 cm will be done in 24.19 sec.

410

Vascular

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

WholeBody
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
2.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
9.8 mGy
Male: 13.41 mSv
Female: 14.9 mSv

WholeBody
120
140

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B20f
10.08 mGy
Male: 13.52 mSv
Female: 15.13 mSv

411

Vascular

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
10 20 sec.
Flow rate
3.0 3.5 ml/sec.
Total amount
120 150 ml
Hints
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing.
Set the ROI for monitoring scan with triggering
threshold of 120 HU, or use manual triggering.
If Topo length 1024 mm is not long enough, you can
also choose the 1540 mm long Topogram.

412

Vascular

413

Specials
Overview
The examination protocols designed for some of these
applications are under the Special folder.
Trauma
In any trauma situation, time means life and the quality of life for the survivor. In order to facilitate the
examinations, five protocols are provided.
Trauma
This is a one-range mode for fast screening
TraumaVol
This is an one-range mode for fast screening for
coronal and sagittal studies
PolyTrauma
This is a combined mode for the examination of multiple ranges, e.g. Head, Neck, Thorax, Abdomen and
Pelvis
HeadTrauma
Spiral head protocol for trauma studies with a FoV of
500 and therefore lowered image quality
HeadTraumaSeq
Sequential head protocol for trauma studies, with a
FoV of 500 and therefore lowered image quality

414

Specials
Interventional CT
Biopsy
This is the multislice biopsy mode. With three times
0.6 mm, the images will be reconstructed and displayed for each scan.
BiopsySingle
This is a single multislice biopsy mode. One 10mm
slice is aquired.
CARE Vision
CARE Vision
The CARE Vision protocol is a spiral mode without
table feed, using a three times 4.8 mm slice thickness.
CARE VisionSingle
The CARE Vision protocol is a spiral mode without
table feed, using a 10 mm slice thickness.
CARE VisionBone
The CARE Vision protocol is a spiral mode without
table feed, using a three times 4.8 mm slice thickness with a bone kernel.
Test Bolus
TestBolus
This mode can be used to test the start delay of optimal enhancement after the contrast medium injection.

415

Specials
Trauma
In any trauma situation, time means life and the quality of life for the survivor.

General Information
Check that the emergency drug trolley is wellstocked and that all accessories such as in-room oxygen supply, respirator and resuscitation equipment
that may be required during the examination are in
workIng order.
Prepare the CT room before admitting the patient,
e.g., load IV contrast into the injector.
Know, observe and practice the standard hospital
operating policy for handling a patient in distress
e.g. Code Blue for cardiac and respiratory arrest.
Any possible injuries to the spinal column should be
determined before beginning the examination and
taken into account when shifting and positioning
the patient.
Ensure that all vital lines e.g., IV tubing and oxygen
tubing are not trapped under the patient or between
the table and the cradle. Make allowance for the
length of tubing required for the topogram scan
range.

416

Specials
Never leave patients unattended at any time during
the procedure.
Observe the vital signs e.g. ECG, respiration, etc. at
all times during the procedure.
Finish the examination in the shortest possible time.

417

Specials
Trauma
Indications:
This is a one-range mode for fast screening for emergency studies.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 50.4 cm will be done in 10.13 s.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 50.4 cm will be done in 15.61 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

418

Trauma
120
140
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
7.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
7.0 mm
B31f
9.8 mGy
Male: 7.8 mSv
Female: 11.9 mSv

Specials

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Trauma
120
140
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
7.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
7.0 mm
B31f
10.08 mGy
Male: 8.38 mSv
Female: 12.99 mSv

419

Specials
TraumaVol
Indications:
This is a one-range mode for fast screening for emergency studies.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 75 cm will be done in 14.59 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 75 cm will be done in 22.74 sec.

420

Specials

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref.
mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Trauma
120
140

3rd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x
1.5 mm
1.5 mm
7.0 mm
7.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
7.0 mm
7.0 mm
B30f
B30f
9.8 mGy
Male: 12.86 mSv
Female: 14.41 mSv

Sensation 10

Trauma

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref.
mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition

120
140

Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

2nd recon.

2nd recon.

7.0 mm

7.0 mm
B30f

3rd
recon.

10 x
1.5 mm
1.5 mm
7.0 mm
7.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
7.0 mm
7.0 mm
B30f
B30f
10.1 mGy
Male: 12.47 mSv
Female: 19.33 mSv

7.0 mm

7.0 mm
B30f

421

Specials
PolyTrauma
Indications:
Two combined ranges with two Topos are predefined,
head with neck and thorax with abdomen for emergency studies.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 12/14 cm will be done in 6.5/4.89 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 12/14 cm will be done in 9.5/7.22 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

422

Head
120
260
0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
6.0 mm
H31s
49.4 mGy
Male:
2.55 mSv
Female: 2.79 mSv

Specials

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

Neck
120
150
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B31f
10.5 mGy
Male: 1.81 mSv
Female: 2.06 mSv

Head
120
260
0.75 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
11.3 mm
0.75
6.0 mm
H31s
47.84 mGy
Male: 2.3 mSv
Female: 2.47 mSv

423

Specials

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

424

Neck
120
150
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
11.3 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
B31f
10.8 mGy
Male:
1.78 mSv
Female: 1.94 mSv

Specials
Take a new Topogram for the thorax and abdomen
range.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 25/20 cm will be done in 11.92/
9.83 sec.
For the SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 25/20 cm will be done in 7.04/
5.83 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

Thorax
120
110
0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
7.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
7.0 mm
B41s
7.7 mGy
Male:
3.31 mSv
Female: 4.35 mSv

425

Specials

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

426

AbdPelvis
120
160
0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
7.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
7.0 mm
B31s
11.2 mGy
Male: 4.59 mSv
Female: 5.89 mSv

Thorax
120
110
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
7.0 mm
20.7 mm
1.15
7.0 mm
B41f
7.59 mGy
Male:
3.46 mSv
Female: 4.38 mSv

Specials

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

AbdPelvis
120
160
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
7.0 mm
20.7 mm
1.15
7.0 mm
B31f
11.04 mGy
Male: 4.05 mSv
Female: 5.85 mSv

427

Specials
HeadTrauma
A spiral mode for emergency head studies with a max.
FoV of 500 mm.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range of 12 cm will be covered in 20.18 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range of 12 cm will be covered in 31.09 sec.

428

Specials

Sensation 16
Head
kV
120
320
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
1.0 sec.
Acquisition
16 x 0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
6.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
6.6 mm
Pitch Factor
0.55
Increment
6.0 mm
Kernel
H31s
67.5 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 3.16 mSv
Female: 3.4 mSv

Sensation 10
Head
kV
120
320
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
1.0 sec.
Acquisition
10 x 0.75 mm
Slice collimation 0.75 mm
Slice width
6.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
4.1 mm
Pitch Factor
0.55
Increment
6.0 mm
Kernel
H31s
67.52 mGy
CTDIVol
Effective dose
Male: 3.24 mSv
Female: 3.48 mSv

2nd reconstr.

6.0 mm

6.0 mm
H60s

2nd reconstr.

6.0 mm

6.0 mm
H60s

429

Specials
HeadTraumaSeq
A sequence mode for emergency head studies with a
max. FoV of 500 mm.
A scan range is predefined with 11.7 cm.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

430

HeadSeq
120
310
1.0 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
9.0 mm
18.0 mm
H31s
59.5 mGy
Male:
2.72 mSv
Female:
2.79 mSv

9.0 mm
H60s

Specials

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol
Effective dose

HeadSeq
120
330
1.0 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
9.0 mm
18.0 mm
H31s
59.07 mGy
Male:
4.13 mSv
Female:
4.84 mSv

9.0 mm
H60s

431

Specials
Additional Important Information
You can access which protocol is the emergency protocol.
For long range scanning, please pay attention to the
mark of scannable range on the table mattress while
positioning the patient.
In some cases, it might be advisable to position the
patient feet first so that there will be more space for
the intensive care equipment around.
The Trauma protocol is predefined with a Topo
length of 1024 mm, the Poly Trauma protocol with a
Topo length of 1536 mm.
Note: You should press the Hold Measurement button whenever the range shown on the real time
growing topogram is long enough, in order to avoid
unnecessary radiation.

432

Specials
Biopsy
To facilitate CT interventional procedures, we created
dedicated multislice and single slice sequential modes.
Any of these protocols can be appended to a spiral protocol for CT interventional procedures, such as biopsy,
abscess drainage, pain therapy, minimum invasive
operations, joint studies, and arthrograms. Adjust the
mAs according to the body region before loading.
10 scans are predefined. You can repeat it by clicking
the chronicle with the right mouse button and select
repeat, or simply change the number of scans to 99
before you start the first scan.
You can Append any routine protocol after the interventional procedure for a final check and documentation, e.g. a short range of spiral scanning for the biopsy
region.
The table height can be adjusted to a minimum of
255 mm.

433

Specials
For routine use of Biopsy use Biopsy:
With three times 6 mm slice thickness the images will
be reconstructed and displayed.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
The scan length is 1.3 cm.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
The scan length is 1.5 cm.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol

434

Biopsy
120
50
0.5 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.5 mm
0.0 mm
B30f
3.6 mGy

Biopsy
120
50
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
0.0 mm
B30f
3.45 mGy

Specials
Biopsy Single
If you want to use a single Slice use
BiopsySingle:
One 10 mm slice images will be reconstructed and displayed for each scan.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol

Biopsy Single
120
50
0.5 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0 mm
B30f
3.2 mGy

Biopsy Single
120
50
0.5 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0 mm
B30f
3.15 mGy

435

Specials
CARE Vision
Is a CT Fluoroscopic mode for interventions with 1 or 3
combined slices and up to 10 images per sec. displayed
(depending on the hardware configuration).

The Basics
Any of the predefined CARE Vision scan protocols can
be appended to a spiral protocol for interventional procedures, such as biopsies, abscess drainage, pain therapy, minimum invasive operations, joint studies, and
arthograms.
The raw data will not be available for image reconstruction. In case of the FoV must be changed due to
movement, insert a control scan by clicking on the
chronicle with the right mouse button.
You can Append any routine protocol after the interventional procedure for a final check and documentation, e.g. a short range of spiral scanning for the biopsy
region.
With gantry tilt 0 the table height can be adjusted to
minimum vertical position of 255 mm.
Automatic Patient Instruction (API) is not possible for
CARE Vision.
You can change the gantry tilt while the protocol is
loaded.

436

Specials
CAREVision
For routine use of CAREVision use the scan protocol
CAREVision:
The image will be reconstructed and displayed using
three times 6 mm slice thickness and a kernel of B30 in
the CARE View mode.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
Increment
CTDIvol

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
Increment
CTDIvol

CAREVision
120
30
0.5 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
0.0
B30f
1.0 mm
2.2 mGy

CAREVision
120
30
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
6.0 mm
0.0
B30f
1.0 mm
2.07 mGy

437

Specials
CAREVisionSingle
If you want to use a single Slice use the scan protocol
CAREVisionSingle:
With one time 10 mm slice thickness and a kernel of
B30, the images will be reconstructed and displayed.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
Increment
CTDIvol

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
Increment
CTDIvol

438

CAREVision
120
30
0.5 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0
B30f
1.0 mm
1.9 mGy

CAREVision
120
30
0.5 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0
B30f
1.0 mm
1.89 mGy

Specials
CAREVisionBone
For bone biopsies with a higher kernel use the scan
protocol CAREVisionBone:
With three times 6.0 mm slice thickness and a kernel of
B60, the images will be reconstructed and displayed in
the CARE View mode.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
Increment
CTDIvol

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
Increment
CTDIvol

CAREVision
120
30
0.5 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
0.0
B60f
1.0 mm
2.2 mGy

CAREVision
120
30
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
6.0 mm
0.0
B60f
1.0 mm
2.07 mGy

439

Specials
CAREView
The item CAREView indicates when a combined image
is displayed. When the number of Slice Positions per
scan is three, CARE View is activated and shown on the
routine card.

On the recon card you can select the CARE View image
position, depending on the patient position, e.g. if you
want to display the images which is closer to the head
of the patient on the left hand side of the image area,
select Head Left.

440

Specials

CARE Vision layout for Single image display

CARE Vision layout for CAREView large-size display

441

Specials

CARE Vision layout for CAREView equal-size display

The CAREView image display depends on the system
configuration, for further information, please contact
your Siemens representative.

442

Specials
HandCARE
HandCARE is a dedicated algorithm for dose reduction
during the interventional procedure.
It switches off the x-ray exposure for a 100 angle
between three different positions (10:00, 12:00 and
2:00 o clock).

X-Ray off

X-Ray on

Thus provides a significant dose saving to the operators hand, while keeping the image quality constant.

443

Specials
The HandCARE item list offers None and three selectable protection areas. You can select this values independent of the current or a future patient position. The
list elements are sorted clockwise from a view to the
front of the gantry.
Values: {None, 10:00 o clock, 12:00 o clock,
2:00 o clock}, default: None, label: HandCARE.

444

Specials
The HandCARE position is graphically displayed on the
Routine subtask card.

HandCARE positions

445

Specials
Application Procedure
1.Load and scan a spiral protocol of the interested
body region.
2.Scroll through the images to define a target slice.
3.Click on Same TP under Table position, in the routine card. Move the table to the desired table position.
4.Turn on the light marker on the Gantry to localize the
entry point, and then start patient preparation.
5.Open the Patient Model Dialog. Check the checkbox Append. Select one of the predefined CAREVision scan protocols under Specials protocols and
then click OK.
6.Select the HandCARE position on the scan card.
7.Click Load and the Cancel/Move to scan on the
preselected table position.
8.Press the footswitch to start the Fluoroscopy.

446

Specials

You can change

the following Scan
Parameters on the
examination taskcard
during radiation:
Gantry Tilt
Table position
Table movement type
Feed in/Feed out

Hints
Press the footswitch either to position the needle or
to control the needle position.
Without HandCARE every time you release the footswitch max. the last scanned 3 sec. of acquired
images are automatically saved to the local database.
With HandCARE every time you release the footswitch one image per rotation is automatically saved
to the local database.
If CARE View is used, only the middle slice of the last
image is displayed after release of the footswitch.

447

Specials
Additional important information
Reference Image Display
To display a reference image during the examination
procedure, the Viewing task card can be displayed on a
second monitor
Additional Dose Information
CARE Vision uses scan parameters and operating conditions, which are unique and may require additional
care and radiation protection measures.
To avoid unnecessary exposure in any case, the scan
time should be kept as short as possible.

448

Specials
Radiation exposure to patients
CARE Vision applies continuous exposure at moderate mA levels.
Due to the potentially long scan times and the limited scan volume, the dose for certain slices may
increase to levels significantly higher than those
known from standard CT applications.
The patients exposure levels is usually estimated by
CTDIvol.
This unit is designed to give the average dose in the
scanned volume.
Before starting the scan, the dose rate (CTDIvol in
mGy per second) is displayed on the monitor.
During the CARE Vision scan, the accumulated dose
(CTDI vol) reflecting the patient exposure is displayed on the monitor. The display scale ranges from
zero to 3000 mGy.
If the table is shifted during the examination, the
accumulated dose will be distributed to different
slices and will be lower than indicated by the display.
When a new scan is loaded, the dose display starts
again from zero.

449

Specials
Radiation exposure to personnel
During the procedure the physician is in the scan room
and close to the exposed scan plane.
Take special care to avoid excessive and unnecessary
radiation exposure.
Protection against primary x-ray exposure:
In the worst case, any body parts in the scan plane
may receive approximately the accumulated dose as
shown on the CTDI display.
Avoid being directly exposed to the x-ray beam.
Protection against stray radiation:
The x-ray beam is limited to the imaged scan volume, but a significant portion of the x-rays is scattered and distributed in the scan room (stray radiation).
Wear protective clothing to reduce exposure.
A table with measured data of this stray radiation is
included in the chapter on Safety in your SOMATOM
Operator Manual.

450

Specials
TestBolus
Indications:
This mode can be used to test the start delay of an optimal enhancement after the contrast medium injection.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDlVol

TestBolus
120
40
0.5 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0 mm
B40f
2.5 mGy

TestBolus
120
40
0.5 sec.
2 x 5.0 mm
5.0 mm
10.0 mm
0.0 mm
B40f
2.52 mGy

451

Radiation Therapy
Radiation Therapy Planning
The SOMATOM Sensation 10/16 are very well suited for
Radiation Therapy Planning (RTP) with its ergonomic
enlarged gantry opening and its scan plane located
only 35cm from the gantry front.
Using the external laser markers and the connected
workstations, the system provides the complete procedure of Virtual Simulation in RTP much faster and easier. After only a few minutes of CT scanning, the
patient can leave the department directly. The SOMATOM Sensation 10/16 table supports all kinds of
patient positioning, immobilization and verification
accessories ensuring the same patient position as on
the LINAC table (e.g. RT table tops, Beekleys, masks, IR
cameras, new laser guidance system).
If non-diagnostic CT examinations have to be done,
dedicated low dose protocols for virtual simulation are
provided.
Due to the fact that external simulation SW might not
handle complete spiral data sets, sequence scans are
available as well.
The treatment planning can be done at a later time
independently of the patient being present. Applications for virtual simulation are available on the COHERENCE Dosimetrist or the LEONARDO workstation, from
where the results can be sent to the LINAC for patient
treatment.

452

Radiation Therapy

COHERENCE Dosimetrist

Remember the challenges of Radiation Therapy

Precisely locate and delineate the tumor volume

Establish reliable external references on the patient
surface

453

Radiation Therapy

Spare as much healthy tissue as possible

Precisely position the patient for treatment throughout the entire course of treatment (typically 25-35
fractions)

454

Radiation Therapy
Benefits
No limitations for patient set-up within 82 cm gantry
opening and the ability to scan at a low table position thereby maximizing gantry "freespace"
Complete anatomical visualization for optimized
localization and dose calculation with extended 82
cm FOV
82 cm
Display FoV
50 cm
Scan FoV

455

Radiation Therapy
High volume coverage in time (20*1.2 mm in 0.5 s)
minimizing motion artifacts and breath hold time

RT edition

Single-slice CT
4 generation

Slice 2.5 mm
Rot 1 s

Slice 1x 2 mm
Rot 1 s

4 slice scanner

Slice 1.5 mm
Rot
0.5 s
Pitch

1.5

Volume Coverage
65 cm in 10 s

Pitch 1 s

Volume Coverage
15 cm in 10 s

Pitch 2

Volume Coverage
4 cm in 10 s

Thin slice imaging for high quality DRRs (Digitally

Reconstructed Radiograph) and MPRs, especially for
conformal 3D therapy and IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy)
Complete CT simulation solution providing higher
geometrical accuracy of table and lasers and the
integration of flat table inserts

456

Radiation Therapy
New long-range gantry laser lights with position
adjustment possible without opening gantry covers
for easier installation and synchronization with room
RTP lasers

Integrated solution for Virtual Simulation with syngo

based COHERENCE Dosimetrist or VSim on
LEONARDO
Display of gantry tilt angle in 0.5 degree increments
Greater accuracy of x-ray tube positioning for Topogram scans: +/- 1 degree
Simplified horizontal positioning of the table. During
an examination, a table feed position can be stored
enabling fast and easy repositioning of a patient
back to the previous table position.
Proven DICOM connectivity to radiation therapy
planning SW

457

Radiation Therapy
Workflow
Simulation:
1.Patient positioning on CT table
(external lasers)
2.Patient marking
(external lasers)
3.CT scan
4.Offline: Virtual Simulation and Dose Planning
Treatment:
1.Patient positioning on the therapy table
(external lasers)
2.Verification of irradiation area
(light field projection)
3.Treatment
The default scan protocols provide the first recon job
used for soft tissue studies and the second recon job
for bone structures.

458

Radiation Therapy

459

Radiation Therapy
RT_Head
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine radio therapy head studies.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 12 cm will be covered in 20.18 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 12 cm will be covered in 31.09 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

460

Head
120
320

2nd recon.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
H31s
H60s
67.5 mGy
Male: 3.16 mSv
Female: 3.81 mSv

Radiation Therapy

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Head
120
320

2nd recon.

1.0 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
4.1 mm
0.55
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
H31s
H60s
67.52 mGy
Male: 3.24 mSv
Female: 3.48 mSv

461

Radiation Therapy
RT_Thorax
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine radio therapy thoracic studies.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 6.43 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 9.7 sec.

462

Radiation Therapy

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Thorax
120
100

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
B41f
B80f
7.0 mGy
Male: 3.76 mSv
Female: 4.77 mSv

Thorax
120
100

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
B41f
B80f
7.2 mGy
Male: 3.94 mSv
Female: 4.98 mSv

463

Radiation Therapy
RT_Breast
Indications:
Spiral mode for radio therapy thoracic studies of the
mammae.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 6.43 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 30 cm will be covered in 9.7 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

464

Breast
120
100

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
B41f
B80f
7.0 mGy
Male: 3.76 mSv
Female: 4.77 mSv

Radiation Therapy

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Aquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Breast
120
100

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
B41f
B80f
7.2 mGy
Male: 3.94 mSv
Female: 4.98 mSv

465

Radiation Therapy
RT_Abdomen
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine radio therapy abdominal studies.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 40 cm will be covered in 12.11 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 40 cm will be covered in 12.59 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

466

Abdomen
120
160

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
B30f
B60f
11.2 mGy
Male: 8.24 mSv
Female: 12.41 mSv

Radiation Therapy

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Abdomen
120
160

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
8.0 mm
8.0 mm
B30f
B60f
11.52 mGy
Male: 8.45 mSv
Female: 12.21 mSv

467

Radiation Therapy
RT_Pelvis
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine radio therapy pelvis studies.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A range of 20 cm will be covered in 6.56 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A range of 20 cm will be covered in 6.8 sec.

468

Radiation Therapy

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Pelvis
120
160

2nd recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
3.0 mm
B31f
B60f
11.2 mGy
Male: 4.48 mSv
Female: 7.21 mSv

Pelvis
120
160
0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
3.0 mm
B31f
11.52 mGy
Male: 5.78 mSv
Female: 7.28 mSv

2nd recon.

3.0 mm

3.0 mm
B60f

469

Radiation Therapy
Additional Important Information
HU values
The HU values are of crucial importance for the therapy
planning systems of radiation therapists!
With huge objects, the CT value is independent of
the kernel. With smaller objects, edge effects produced by the kernel influence the HU values as well
as the scanning. Feed and collimation do not have
any influence.
An extended FoV of 800 mm means that only 500
mm are scanned, the rest will be interpolated.
The effect on the HU values of having carbon plate
tagged additionally to the patient table should be
negligible and not measurable.
CARE Dose 4D does not have any effect on the HU
values.
HU values and the conversion of the electron densities depend on the applied spectrum, e.g. kV, prefiltration.
HU values depend on the use of the PFO filter

470

Radiation Therapy

471

Respiratory Gating
When imaging of the chest or abdomen is performed
by CT, there may be artifacts produced causing problems with reproducibility and resolution of images due
to patient respiration. Organs will move with each respiratory motion.
Especially in radiation therapy using a linear accelerator for tumor treatment, normal tissues around a focus
might be unnecessarily exposed to radiation if the target located in a movable organ, because the field of
irradiation has to be set wider than the actual size of a
focus due to its organ's motion.
As far as the respiratory motion is periodical and repetitive, the organs in the chest or abdomen move periodically and repetitively according to respiratory motion.
Therefore the diagnostic artifacts and image degradation, and the treatment dangers can be avoided if precise detection of respiratory motion and its consequent, synchronized imaging or irradiation is available.

472

Respiratory Gating
The respiratory gating hardware (AZ-733V) is composed of a:
Respiratory Sensor (RS) to detect patient's abdominal motions (pressure changes) to get a patient's respiratory information,
Sensor Port (SP) to amplify and to transmit analog
signals from RS,
Wave Deck (WD) to receive the respiratory signal
from the said SP and to convert them to a digital signal to be sent to the host computer (PC) of the CT
system.
The respiration curve as well as scan and reconstruction parameters are displayed on the CT user interface
and embedded into the examination workflow.
The respiration curve will be displayed before and during spiral acquisition and saved in the respiration file.
After scanning the user can select the respiration level
(in [%]) of inspiration or expiration for reconstruction.
A synthetic sync signal and a respiration curve editing
functionality are available.
Regarding an imaging device such as SOMATOM Sensation, the respiratory gating functionality offers an
increase of image resolution and reproducibility as
well as a decrease of motion artifacts by image reconstructions based on respiratory information both
needed for high-precision radiation therapy planning
and treatment as well.
The mentioned increase of RT accuracy results in a
decrease of RT side effects by minimizing excessive
irradiation dose to healthy tissue.

473

Respiratory Gating
Key Features
Respiratory Gating
is capturing slow moving anatomical structures such
as lung lesions during respiration up to a respiration
cycle time of 10 sec by low pitch spiral.
helps the radio-oncologists in selecting the appropriate phase of the respiratory cycle in order to plan a
treatment more accurately.
helps visualizing the tumor excursion for a better
understanding of the target volume using InSpace
4D.
results in a more accurate description of the ROI
is considering tumor motion into the PTV (planned
target volume).

474

Respiratory Gating
Respiration Monitoring
Accurate determination of respiratory motion
Respiration change recognition (cough, sneeze,
movement)
Support for monitoring of free-breathing and breath
hold respiration protocols

Respiration Synchronization
Synchronization of CT data acquisition with respiration: 4D CT - Prospective respiratory Triggering or
Retrospective respiratory Gating.
Synchronization of 4D simulation data with respiration
Synchronized Treatment: triggered beaming on-off
on Linac (Linear Accelerator).

475

Respiratory Gating
Positioning of the respiratory
sensor belt
The correct placement of the abdominal belt is essential in order to receive a clear respiratory signal resulting in precise generation of inspiration and expiration
gates. Improper positioning of the respiratory belt will
result in an unstable respiratory signal which is sensitive to movements of the patient during the scan and
can cause image artifacts due to small metallic components of the sensor (please position the respiratory
belt outside of the scan range).
For proper belt positioning please follow the instructions below:

Step 1

Step 2
patient
patients abdomen

load cell fixing belt

load cell

The blue part should apply to the back of the

patient.

Step 3

the diaphragm

load cell
setting
point

navel

Wind the load cell fixing belt around the

body so that the pocket (load cell part)
applies ontojust below the diaphragm.

Step 4

load cell connection cable

Securely fasten the fixing belt around the

patient.

476

Be careful load cell connection cable may

not entangle with the patient.

Respiratory Gating
For further information on the respiratory gating system AZ-733V (Anzai Medical, Japan), please refer to
the Operational manual "Respiratory Gating" or Anzai
User's manual.

477

Respiratory Gating
Scanning Information
The expected benefits in radiation treatment planning,
e.g. for lung and abdominal tumors are:
Information about tumor motion in 3D coordinates
and over time
More accurate tumor shape delineation and therefore a more precise RTP (radiation therapy planning)
Potential for sparing of healthy tissue, minimization
of PTV (planned target volume) and less side effects
Potential for dose acceleration and higher cure rate
To minimize motion artifacts, two requirements are
mandatory for a CT system:
Fast gantry rotation to raise the temporal resolution
for artifact free images
Prospective Triggering of image acquisition in a
sequential mode or Retrospective Gating of image
reconstruction in a spiral mode based on the recording of the respiratory curve in order to obtain images
during inspiration and expiration phases.

Scan Parameters
A respiratory-gated lung spiral with cone correction
will be provided. To be able to work also with low
breathing rates, a fixed pitch factor of a min. of 0.1 is
needed. Slice widths and collimation are the same as
for cardio spiral.
In the Specials folder different scan protocols are predefined for different breathing rates.

478

Respiratory Gating
Temporal Resolution
Temporal resolution, also called time resolution, represents the time window of the data that is used for
image reconstruction. It is essential for respiratory CT
imaging. The higher the temporal resolution, the
fewer the motion artifacts. A temporal resolution of a
half of the Rotation Time can be achieved.

Technical Principles
Basically, there are two different technical approaches
for respiration correlated CT acquisition:
Prospectively respiratory-triggered sequential scanning.
Retrospectively respiratory-gated spiral scanning.
In both cases, the respiration signal is recorded and
used to either initiate prospective image acquisition
(triggering), or to perform retrospective image reconstruction (gating). Only scan data acquired in a userselectable phase of the respiration cycle is used for
image reconstruction.

Respiratory Triggering
Sequential scans are triggered by respiration signal
during a predefined amplitude of inhalation or exhalation.
Triggering is based on the maximum and minimum of
the predicted respiration amplitude of the next 100%
inspiration.

479

Respiratory Gating
Respiratory gating
The respiration of the patients is simultaneously
recorded during the Spiral acquisition.
Data are acquired during the entire respiration cycle
and Images are reconstructed by matching data to the
respiration trace.
The respiration level (amplitude) is defined as an absolute value. The display of the respiratory curve is optimized by an auto adjustment regarding
Gain (showing inspiration maximum as 100% of
inspiration and expiration minimum as 100% of
expiration)
and
Offset (showing the curve optimal to vertical display
extent).
The timebase of the respiratory curve is realtime in an
updating mode.

480

Respiratory Gating
Images can be reconstructed at any user defined Inhalation- or Exhalation level.
100% Inspiration
Inhalation Phase

Exhalation Phase

0% Expiration

Example:
20% Ex: Patient has exhaled to 80%
20% In: Patient has inhaled to 20 %

481

Respiratory Gating
Prospective respiratory Triggering versus Retrospective respiratory Gating
With Prospective respiratory Triggering, the lung volume for example is covered in a "step-and-shoot" technique. The patient's respiratory signal is used to start
sequential scans at a predefined respiratory level of
the patient' s respiratory curve. With Retrospective respiratory Gating, the lung volume is covered continuously by a spiral scan. The patient's respiratory signal is
recorded simultaneously to allow a retrospective selection of the respiratory level used for image reconstruction. Prospective respiratory Triggering has the benefit
of smaller patient dose than respiratory-gated spiral
scanning, since scan data is acquired at the previously
selected respiratory level only. It does not, however
provide continuous volume coverage with overlapping
slices and misregistration of anatomical details may
occur. Furthermore, reconstruction of images in different levels of the respiratory cycle for functional evaluation needs repeated CT examination of each of the
desired respiration levels along the same volume in zdirection using Prospective Triggering technique. Since
respiratory triggered sequential scanning depends on
a reliable prediction of the patient's next Inspiration
maximum and expiration minimum, the method
should not be used for patients with arrhythmic
breathing and irregular respiratory rates and the affinity to cough and to sigh.

482

Respiratory Gating
Curve Editor
The respiration curve editor is used to modify the respiratory signal. This editing tool is available after spiral
scan data has been acquired. By using the right mouse
menu on the Trigger tabcard you have access to several
modification tools for the respiratory Syncs (purple
dots above and below the curve), such as Delete, Disable, Insert. In patients with only single or few extra
respiratory peaks caused, e.g. by coughing and sighing
overall image quality may be improved by editing the
respiratory curve prior to reconstruction. Deleting the
corresponding respiratory peaks prevents image
reconstruction in the periods of coughing or arrhythmic breathing. Although respiratory-gated spiral scanning is less sensitive to variable respiratory rates than
respiratory-triggered sequential scanning, the examination of patients with arrhythmic breathing that
results in unpredictable variations of the respiratory
cycles can result in limited image quality and should be
performed in exceptional cases only.

483

Respiratory Gating
The recorded Respiration curve can be edited similar to
the ECG Trace editing in Cardiac CT.
Inspiration Syncs can be deleted, disabled and
inserted.
Expiration Syncs can be deleted, disabled and inserted.

484

Respiratory Gating
Synthetic Trigger/Sync
By default, the "Synthetic Trigger" (Respiratory-triggered scanning) or "Synthetic Sync" (Respiratory-gated
scanning) is activated for all predefined Respiratory
scan protocols. It is recommended to always keep it
activated for examinations with contrast medium.
In case of Respiratory signal loss during the acquisition, this will ensure the continuation of the triggered
scans or allows a Respiratory signal to be simulated for
Retrospective Gating. If it is deactivated, the scanning
will be aborted in case of Respiratory signal loss during
the acquisition.

485

Respiratory Gating
Workflow
Reconstruction and Post-processing
For respiratory gating a 16x1.5 acquisition mode with
a slice width 2.0 mm and an increment of 1.0 mm is
used for image acquisition.
Two recon jobs are predefined:
20% Inspiration
80% Expiration
If more Inspiration or Expiration phases are necessary
new recon jobs can be added.
After acquisition, the 4D volume data set can be reconstructed at different respiration levels to visualize the
tumor movement over the whole respiration cycle and
to display the anatomy in space (3D) and time (4D)
InSpace 4D as an approved 4D application minimizes
the time to
choose the appropriate phase or
4D data visualization in multiple planes
Creation of 4D movie loops.
For further information on InSpace 4D please refer to
the chapter InSpace 4D in the "Clinical Applications 2"
application guide.

486

Respiratory Gating
Additional important
Information
For operating the respiratory gating system (AZ733V, Anzai Medical, Japan), please refer to the
Operational manual "Respiratory Gating" or Anzai
Users manual.
For the usage of Anzais respiratory phantom for the
respiratory gating system (AZ-733V, Anzai medical,
Japan), please refer to the Users manual.
The images are reconstructed from data acquired in
one Inspiration or Expiration phase Multi Phase
reconstruction is not available. For each Inspiration
or Expiration phase, a new recon job can be added.
Preview Series is not yet available. To determine the
best Inspiration or Expiration phase, InSpace 4D can
be used.

487

Respiratory Gating
RespSeq
For sequential studies with respiration triggering use
RespSeq:
The whole scan length covers 303 mm.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIvol

488

RespSeq
120
20
0.5 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3 mm
18.0
B19f
1.4 mGy

Respiratory Gating
RespLowBreathRate
For spiral studies with respiration gating and a respiration rate per minute greater than 6 use
RespLowBreathRate:
The whole scan range of 23 cm will be covered in
97.83 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIvol
Effective dose

RespLow
120
400

2nd recon.

1.0 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
2.0 mm
2.4
0.1
1.4 mm
B19s
28.0 mGy
Male: 11.59 msV
Female: 14.94 msV

2.0 mm

1.4 mm
B19s

489

Respiratory Gating
RespModBreathRate
For spiral studies with respiration gating and a respiration rate per minute greater than 12 use RespModBreathRate:
The whole scan range of 23 cm will be covered in
73.38 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation Time
Acquisition
Slice
collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIvol
Effective dose

490

RespMod
120
400

2nd recon.

0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
2.0 mm
2.4 mm
0.1
1.4 mm
B19s
28.0 mGy
Male: 11.59 msV
Female: 14.94 msV

2.0 mm

1.4 mm
B19s

Respiratory Gating

491

Children
Overview
The scan protocols for children are defined according
to body regions - Head, Neck, Shoulder, Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Spine, Upper Extremities, Lower Extremities, Vascular, RT, Specials and optional Cardiac, PET,
SPECT and Private.
As default the quality reference mAs with CARE Dose
4D is defined for 20 kg and/or five years old children.
For children older than six years use the adult protocols
with the CARE Dose 4D.
For a few protocols, 80 kV is used instead of 120 kV,
either to exploit the significantly higher image contrast of iodine contrast media at 80 kV or to reach a
lower dose level than possible with 120 kV.
SOMATOM Sensation 16:
Head
HeadRoutine/HeadRoutine05s
Spiral mode for routine head studies
HeadSeq/HeadSeq05s
Sequential mode for routine head studies
InnerEarUHR
Spiral mode for Ultra High Resolution inner ear studies
InnerEarSeqUHR
Sequential mode for High Resolution inner ear studies
SinusOrbi
Spiral mode for routine sinus or orbital studies

492

Children
Neck
NeckRoutine
Spiral mode for soft tissues routine neck studies
Thorax
ThoraxRoutine
Spiral mode for routine thorax studies
ThoraxCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice lung
and routine thorax studies
ThoraxSeqHR
Sequential mode for high resolution lung studies
Abdomen
AbdomenRoutine
Spiral mode for routine abdominal studies
Spine
SpineRoutine
Spiral mode for routine spine studies
SpineThinSlice
Spiral mode for thin slice spine studies
Upper Extremities
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution
extremity studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice
and routine studies

493

Children
Lower Extremities
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for high resolution routine
extremity studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice
and routine studies
Vascular
HeadAngio
Spiral mode for head CTAngio studies
CarotidAngio/CarotidAngio042s
Spiral mode for carotid CTAngio studies
BodyAngio/BodyAngio042s
Spiral mode for body CTAngio studies
Specials
NeonateBody/NeonateBody042s
Spiral mode for neonate studies

494

Children
SOMATOM Sensation 10:
Head
HeadRoutine
Spiral mode for routine head studies
HeadSeq
Sequential mode for routine head studies
InnerEarUHR
Spiral mode for Ultra High Resolution inner ear studies
InnerEarSeqUHR
Sequential mode for High Resolution inner ear studies
SinusOrbi
Spiral mode for routine sinus or orbital studies
Neck
NeckRoutine
Spiral mode for soft tissue routine neck studies
Thorax
ThoraxRoutine
Spiral mode for routine thorax studies
ThoraxCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice lung
and routine thorax studies
ThoraxSeqHR
Sequential mode for high resolution lung studies

495

Children
Abdomen
AbdomenRoutine
Spiral mode for routine abdominal studies
Spine
SpineRoutine
Spiral mode for routine spine studies
SpineThinSlice
Spiral mode for thin slice spine studies
Upper Extremities
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for routine high resolution
extremity studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice
and routine studies
Lower Extremities
ExtrRoutineUHR
Spiral mode for high resolution routine
extremity studies
ExtrCombi
Spiral mode for the combination of thin slice
and routine studies

496

Children
Vascular
HeadAngio
Spiral mode for head CTAngio studies
CarotidAngio/CarotidAngio042s
Spiral mode for carotid CTAngio studies
BodyAngio/BodyAngio042s
Spiral mode for body CTAngio studies
Specials
NeonateBody/NeonateBody042s
Spiral mode for neonate studies

497

Children
Hints in General
1.Topograms: 256 mm lateral topograms are defined
for the head modes, and 512 mm AP topograms are
defined for the body modes. Please keep in mind that
the childrens size can be dramatically different. You
should press the Hold Measurement button whenever the range shown on the real time growing topogram is long enough, in order to avoid unnecessary
radiation.
In a consistent effort to reduce the total dose of an
examination, all topograms of the pediatric protocols
are defined at 80 kV with minimum current (50 mA).
2. Gantry tilt is available for sequence scanning, not
for spiral scanning.
3.For all head studies, it is very important for image
quality purposes to position the patient in the center of
the scan field. Use the lateral laser beam to make sure
that the patient is positioned in the center.
4.Warm surroundings and dimmed lighting are helpful
to make children more cooperative.

498

Children
5.Sedation: Although the advent of the multislice CT
scanner has enabled the user to scan through an area
of interest much faster than ever, sometimes, patient
motion can still lead to severe motion artifacts seen on
the resultant images. This becomes a factor especially
with infants and younger children who are unable to
hold still for the exam. Sedating this population may
be a viable option for your institution. Of course,
appropriate protocols need to be established at your
specific institution. For instance, the drug of choice for
specific ages/weights of these patients (taking into
consideration the total time of the exam), the form of
administration, patient preps, adequate monitoring of
the patient (pre-scan, during the exam and post-scan)
etc. should all be taken into consideration.
The proper personnel and equipment must also be
readily available in the event of a problem.
6.Oral and rectal contrast administration: Depending
on the reason for the exam/status of the patient, oral
contrast may or may not be given to these patients.

499

Children
In general, oral contrast is recommended to opacify
the intestinal tract, as unopacified bowel can have the
appearance of abdominal fluid or mass effect. Oral, as
well as rectal contrast may be required. Usually, a
diluted mixture of iodine and water is used as an oral
agent. Different substances can be added to this mixture to help reduce the bitter taste and make it more
pleasing to the child (apple juice, fruit drink mixes are
just a few of these). Barium may of course be used in
some cases as well. Negative contrast agents such as
water are becoming more popular for delineation of
stomach or bowel wall borders, or when 3D reconstructions are needed. The user needs to be aware of
all the contraindications of any of the contrast agents
they are using. Please refer to the specific vendors recommendations.
7.I.V. contrast administration: In general, 1 2 ml per
kg of body weight should be applied, however, since
the scanning can be completed in just a few seconds,
please keep in mind that the total injection time should
not be longer than the sum of start delay time and the
scan time do not inject contrast after the scanning is
finished.

500

Children
It is recommended to use CARE Bolus in order to
achieve optimal contrast enhancement.
Both start delay time and injection rate are exam-/
patient-dependent. I.V. injection with a power injector
is recommended for all scans whenever possible.
Some guidelines to follow with respect to flow rate are
noted in the chart below.
Note: These injector guidelines are based on an
antecubital injection site. These guidelines may need
to be adjusted if the site is more peripheral.
Needle Size (gauge)
22
20
18

Flow Rate (ml/sec.)

1.5
2.0 3.0
3.0 5.0

Central lines and ports may need to be hand injected or

power injected at a very low flow rate (1 ml/sec.).
PIC lines and 24 gauge (or smaller) lines are usually
hand injected. All of these protocols should be decided
on by your institutions appropriate personnel.

501

Children
8.Applications with 80 kV: For CTA protocols, the tube
voltage was set to 80 kV and the mAs values were
raised by a factor of 1.5 over the reduced 120 kV values. This measure roughly reduces the dose by another
factor of 2. At a lower kV, substances with a high
atomic number (such as iodine) have a significantly
higher CT value (= vascular contrast). Iodine CT values
at 80 kV are about 50% higher than at 120 kV.
80 kV was also used for applications when the lowest
achievable mAs at 120 kV was still higher than necessary for sufficient noise level (for technical reasons,
generators need to operate at a certain minimum current for stable operation). For applications such as
neonate or airway scanning, the low tube output at 80
kV can be used to further reduce the dose to the
patient.
9.To further optimize MPR image quality we recommend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice width
for image reconstruction.

502

Children
Head Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
For head scans of small children, the kernels C20s,
C30s (e.g. for soft tissue studies) and C60s (e.g. for
sinuses are provided) should be chosen instead of
the adult head kernels H20s, H30s and H60s.
For soft tissue head studies, the standard kernel is
H40s; softer images are obtained with H30s or H20s,
H10s, sharper images with H50s. The kernels H21s,
H31s, H41s yield the same visual sharpness as H20s,
H30s, H40s, the image appearance, however, is
more agreeable due to a fine-grained noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is
improved by using H31s, H 41s instead of H30s,
H40s.
For the standard head protocols, we propose C20s
and C30s.
High resolution head studies should be performed
with H60s, H70s (e.g. for dental and sinuses) and
H80s, H90s (e.g. inner ear).

503

Children
Body Kernels
The endings s or f depend on the rotation time.
As standard kernels for body tissue studies B30s or
B40s are recommended; softer images are obtained
with B20s or B10s (extremely soft). The kernels B31s
or B41s have about the same visual sharpness as
B30s, respectively, B40s, the image appearance,
however, is more agreeable due to a fine-grained
noise structure; quite often, the low contrast detectability is improved by using B31s, B41s instead of
B30s, B40s.
For higher sharpness, as is required e.g. in patient
protocols for cervical spine, shoulder, extremities,
thorax, the kernels B50s, B60s, B70s, B80s are available.
The special kernels are mostly used for physical
measurements with phantoms, e.g. for adjustment
procedures (S80s), for constancy and acceptance
tests (S80s, S90s), or for specification purposes
(S90s).

504

Children
For special patient protocols, S80s and S90s are chosen, e.g. for osteo (S80s).
For very high sharpness we recommended the U70u,
U80u, U90u for bone studies. UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm.
It is mandatory to position the area of interest in the
center of the scan field. Use ExtrCombi mode when a
scan FoV > 25 cm is necessary.

505

Children
HeadRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine head studies, e.g. tumors,
hydrocephalus, hemorrhaging, abnormalities, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 12 cm covered in 8.32 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 12 cm covered in 9.5 sec.

506

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Head
120
150
0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.0 mm
13.2 mm
0.55
4.0 mm
C30s
28.5 mGy
Male: 1.78 mSv*
Female: 1.95 mSv*

Head
120
150
0.75 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.0 mm
11.3 mm
0.75
4.0 mm
C30s
27.6 mGy
Male: 1.86 mSv*
Female: 1.81 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 120 mm was used.

507

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol as the skull by this
time is fully grown.
When bone structure is of interest, use kernel C60s
for image reconstruction.
An advanced algorithm allow for improved head
image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 6 month 90 mAs
6 month-3 years 150 mAs
3-6 years 220 mAs.

508

Children

509

Children
HeadRoutine05s
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine head studies, e.g. tumors,
hydrocephalus, hemorrhaging, abnormalities, etc.
A typical range of 12 cm covered in 5.55 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Head
120
150
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.0 mm
13.2 mm
0.55
4.0 mm
C30f
28.5 mGy
Male: 1.78 mSv*
Female: 1.95 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 120 mm was used.

510

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol as the skull by this
time is fully grown.
When bone structure is of interest, use kernel C60s
for image reconstruction.
An advanced algorithm allow for improved head
image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 6 month 90 mAs
6 month-3 years 150 mAs
3-6 years 220 mAs.

511

Children
HeadSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for routine head studies for children,
e.g. tumors, hydrocephalus, hemorrhaging, abnormalities, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range is predefined with 12.1 cm.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range is predefined with 11.7 cm.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

512

HeadSeq
120
150
0.75 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.5 mm
18.0 mm
C30s
28.8 mGy
Male: 1.61 mSv*
Female: 1.85 mSv*

Children

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

HeadSeq
120
150
0.75 sec.
8 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
12.0 mm
C30s
28.35 mGy
Male: 1.78 mSv*
Female: 1.74 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 117 mm was used.
Contrast medium IV injection
Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/
Access site
Total amount
1 2 ml per kg of body weight

513

Children
Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol as the skull by this
time is fully grown.
When bone structure is of interest, use kernel C60s
for image reconstruction.
An advanced algorithm allow for improved head
image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 6 month 90 mAs
6 month-3 years 150 mAs
3-6 years 220 mAs.

514

Children

515

Children
HeadSeq05s
Indications:
Sequential mode for routine head studies for children,
with a 0.5 sec. rotation time, e.g. tumors, hydrocephalus, hemorrhaging, abnormalities, etc.
A scan range is predefined with 12.1 cm.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

HeadSeq
120
150
0.5 sec.
12 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
4.5 mm
18.0 mm
C30f
28.8 mGy
Male: 1.61 mSv*
Female: 1.85 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 121 mm was used.
Contrast medium IV injection
Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

516

Children
Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol as the skull by this
time is fully grown.
When bone structure is of interest, use kernel C60s
for image reconstruction.
An advanced algorithm allow for improved head
image quality, without any additional post-processing.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 6 month 90 mAs
6 month-3 years 150 mAs
3-6 years 220 mAs.

517

Children
InnerEarUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for Ultra High Resolution inner ear studies,
e.g. malformations of the inner ear, inflammatory
changes, pathologies of the mastoid process, tumor
processes of the pyramids, post-traumatic changes,
etc.
Note: Same as for adults except for the FoV of 300.
A typical range of 4.5 cm covered in 33.14 sec.

518

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

InnerEarUHR
120
60
0.75 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
0.6 mm
U80u
16.5 mGy
Male: 0.33 mSv*
Female: 0.34 mSv*

InnerEarUHR
120
60
0.75 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
0.6 mm
U80u
16.5 mGy
Male: 0.33 mSv*
Female: 0.39 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 45 mm was used.

519

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol as the skull by this
time is fully grown.
The UHR mode requires a 300 mm scan FoV. It is
mandatory to position the patient in the center of
the scan FoV.
When soft tissue is of interest, use kernel U30u for
image reconstruction.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 3 years 40 mAs
3-6 years 60 mAs.

520

Children

521

Children
InnerEarSeqUHR
Indications:
Sequential mode for Ultra High-Resolution inner ear
studies, e.g. Inflammatory changes, tumorous processes of pyramids, cerebellopontine angle tumors,
post-traumatic changes, etc.
A scan range is predefined with 4.0 cm.
Note: Same as for adults except for the FoV of 300.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

522

InnerEarSeq
120
60
0.75 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.2 mm
U80u
19.8 mGy
Male: 0.38 mSv*
Female: 0.44 mSv*

Children

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

InnerEarSeq
120
60
0.75 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.2 mm
U80u
19.8 mGy
Male: 0.39 mSv*
Female: 0.45 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 40 mm was used.
Contrast medium IV injection
Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

523

Children
Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol as the skull by this
time is fully grown.
The UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the patient in the center of
the scan FoV.
When soft tissue is of interest, use kernel U30u for
image reconstruction.
In order to optimize image quality versus radiation
dose, scans are provided within a maximum scan
field of 300 mm with respect to the iso-center. No
recon job with a field of view exceeding those limits
will be possible. Therefore, patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 3 years 40 mAs
3-6 years 60 mAs.

524

Children

525

Children
SinusOrbi
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine spiral studies e.g. sinusitis,
pneumatization, polyposis, malformations, tumors
etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 6 cm covered in 6.56 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 6 cm covered in 8.27 sec.

526

Children

Sensation 16

SinusOrbi

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

120
60

2nd
recon.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
5.4 mm
0.45
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
H60f
H60f
12.7 mGy
Male: 0.46 mSv*
Female: 0.52 mSv*

Sensation 10

SinusOrbi

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

120
60

2nd
recon.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
4.1 mm
0.55
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
H60f
H60f
12.66 mGy
Male: 0.5 mSv*
Female: 0.49 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 60 mm was used.

527

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old, should be
scanned with an adult protocol.
The second recon job is defined with kernel H60s
and with an overlap for visualizing bone structures
with MPR.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 3 years 40 mAs
3-6 years 60 mAs.

528

Children

529

Children
NeckRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine neck studies, e.g. tumors, lymphoma, abscesses, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 17 cm covered in 8.58 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 17 cm covered in 8.89 sec.

530

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Neck
120
60

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
2.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
6.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30s
B60s
4.2 mGy
Male: 0.99 mSv*
Female: 1.01 mSv*

Neck
120
60

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30s
B60s
4.32 mGy
Male: 1.01 mSv*
Female: 0.97 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 170 mm was used.

531

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount
Hints
If necessary, scan down to the aortic arch or mediastinum to include the entire lesion.
Cooperative children can be instructed to hold their
breath during the acquisition.
Children, who are more than 6 years old should be
scanned with an adult protocol.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 3 years 40 mAs
3-6 years 60 mAs

532

Children

533

Children
ThoraxRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine thorax studies, e.g. pneumonia, tumors, metastases, lymphoma, vascular abnormalities etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 15 cm covered in 3.72 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 15 cm covered in 4.62 sec.

534

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorRoutine
120
30

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
6.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
6.0 mm
B30f
B60f
2.1 mGy
Male: 0.94 mSv*
Female: 1.12 mSv*

ThorRoutine
120
30

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
6.0 mm
6.0 mm
20.7 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
6.0 mm
B30f
B60f
2.07 mGy
Male: 1.25 mSv*
Female: 1.43 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 150 mm was used.

535

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
The first and second recon jobs are defined for visualization of the mediastinum and the lungs, respectively.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 15 kg 17 mAs
15-24 kg 20 mAs
25-34 kg 30 mAs
35-54 kg 60 mAs

536

Children

537

Children
ThoraxCombi
Indications:
Combining thin slice and routine thorax studies with
one spiral scan, e.g. thorax studies in general and
interstitial changes in the lungs.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 15 cm covered in 5.17 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 15 cm covered in 5.35 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

538

ThorCombi
120
45

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B60f
3.2 mGy
Male: 1.41 mSv*
Female: 1.69 mSv*

Children

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThorCombi
120
45

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
3.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30f
B60f
3.24 mGy
Male: 1.95 mSv*
Female: 2.24 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 150 mm was used.
Contrast medium IV injection
Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

539

Children
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
For the 2nd reconstruction the Autoload into
MPRthick Range on the 3D Card is activated. The
images will be automatically loaded into 3D,
MPRthick, and a coronal MPRthick Range will pop up.
Please notice, if you are not satisfied with the Range
preset, adapt the parameters to your needs and link
them to the series.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 25 mAs
25-34 kg 45 mAs
35-54 kg 65 mAs

540

Children

541

Children
ThoraxSeqHR
Indications:
Sequence mode for High Resolution lung studies, e.g.,
interstitial changes in the lungs, using a 10 mm feed.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A scan range is predefined with 20.0 cm.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A scan range is predefined with 25.0 cm.

542

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Scan
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ThoraxSeqHR
120
30
0.75 sec.
2 x 1.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
10.0 mm
B70s
0.5 mGy
Male: 0.23 mSv*
Female: 0.3 mSv*

ThoraxSeqHR
120
30
0.75 sec.
2 x 1.0 mm
1.0 mm
1.0 mm
10.0 mm
B70s
0.5 mGy
Male: 0.38 mSv*
Female: 0.44 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 200 mm was used.

543

Children
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
If you want to acquire the patient at full inspiration
or full expiration, you should practice the breathing
with the patient a few times before beginning the
scan, so that reproducibility may be improved.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 35 kg 30 mAs
35-54 kg 65 mAs

544

Children

545

Children
AbdomenRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for routine studies in the region of abdomen and pelvis, e.g. tumors, lymphoma, abscesses,
post-traumatic changes, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 20 cm covered in 4.64 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 20 cm covered in 5.86 sec.

546

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

AbdRoutine
120
55
0.5 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
5.0 mm
27.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
B30f
3.9 mGy
Male: 2.38 mSv*
Female: 2.9 mSv*

AbdRoutine
120
55
0.5 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
5.0 mm
20.7 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
B30f
3.79 mGy
Male: 2.46 mSv*
Female: 4.04 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 200 mm was used.

547

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

Hints
Delayed scans may be required for the kidneys &
bladder.
Rectal contrast may be required for evaluation of pelvic mass.
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 30 mAs
25-34 kg 55 mAs
35-54 kg 100 mAs

548

Children

549

Children
SpineRoutine
Indications:
Spiral mode for thoracic and lumbar spine studies,
e.g.prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors
etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 16 cm covered in 8.17 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 16 cm covered in 8.46 sec.

550

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

SpineRoutine
120
55

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30s
B60s
6.3 mGy
Male: 3.34 mSv*
Female: 4.31 mSv*

SpineRoutine
120
90

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
10 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
17.3 mm
1.15
3.0 mm
1.4 mm
B30s
B60s
6.48 mGy
Male: 3.03 mSv*
Female: 5.22 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 160 mm was used.

551

Children
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 30 mAs
25-34 kg 55 mAs
35-54 kg 120 mAs

552

Children

553

Children
SpineThinSlice
Indications:
Spiral mode for the spine when Multi Planar Reformation (MPR) are intended, e.g. post-traumatic changes,
tumors, malformations, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 16 cm covered in 8.17 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 16 cm covered in 12.17 sec.
Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

554

SpineThinSlice
120
70

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
18.0 mm
1.5
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30s
B60s
3.1 mGy
Male: 1.51 mSv*
Female: 1.92 mSv*

Children

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

SpineThinSlice
120
40

2nd reconstr.

0.75 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
11.3 mm
1.5
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30s
B60s
3.28 mGy
Male: 1.53 mSv*
Female: 2.64 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 160 mm was used.
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 40 mAs
25-34 kg 70 mAs
35-54 kg 90 mAs

555

Children
ExtrRoutineUHR
Indications:
Spiral mode for Ultra High Resolution bone studies,
e.g. tumors, post-traumatic changes, orthopedic indications, etc.
Note: UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It
ismandatory to position the area of interest in the center of the scan field.
A typical range of 6 cm covered in 64.5 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

556

ExtrUHR
120
45
1.0 sec.
2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
0.6 mm
U80u
4.8 mGy
Male: 0.01 mSv*
Female: 0.00 mSv*

Children

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs**
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ExtrUHR
120
45

2 x 0.6 mm
0.6 mm
0.6 mm
1.0 mm
0.8
0.5 mm
U80u
4.8 mGy
Male: 0.01 mSv*
Female: 0.01 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 60 mm was used.
** Adjust the mAs value to the body region.

557

Children
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
The UHR mode has a maximum FoV of 300 mm. It is
mandatory to position the patient in the center of
the scan FoV.
When soft tissue is of interest, use kernel U30u for
image reconstruction.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 26 mAs
25-34 kg 40 mAs
35-54 kg 80 mAs

558

Children

559

Children
ExtremityCombi
Indications:
Spiral mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint
etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 10 cm covered in 12.42 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 10 cm covered in 19.78 sec.

560

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

ExtrCombi
120
45

2nd reconstr.

1.0 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.6 mm
0.8
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30s
B60s
3.5 mGy
Male: 0.01 mSv*
Female: 0.01 mSv*

ExtrCombi
120
45

2nd reconstr.

10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
5.6 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30s
B60s
3.69 mGy
Male: 0.01 mSv*
Female: 0.01 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 100 mm was used.

561

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 26 mAs
25-34 kg 35 mAs
35-54 kg 70 mAs

562

Children

563

Children
HeadAngio
Indications:
Spiral mode for head CT Angio studies, e.g. cerebral
vascular abnormalities, tumors etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 6 cm covered in 5.55 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 6 cm covered in 8.27 sec.

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

564

HeadAngio
80
100

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
6.6 mm
0.55
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
H20f
H10f
8.4 mGy
Male: 0.28 mSv*
Female: 0.34 mSv*

Children

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

HeadAngio
80
100

2nd reconstr.

0.5 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
4.1 mm
0.55
2.0 mm
0.7 mm
H20f
H10f
8.3 mGy
Male: 0.33 mSv*
Female: 0.32 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 60 mm was used.
Contrast medium IV injection
Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

565

Children
Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old should be
examined with an adult protocol.
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing
and with a triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.
An advanced algorithm allow for improved head
image quality, without any additional post-processing.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 3 years 100 mAs
3-6 years 150 mAs

566

Children

567

Children
CarotidAngio/
CarotidAngio042s
Indications:
Spiral mode for carotid CT Angio studies, e.g. carotidstenosis or occlusion, vascular abnormalities of thecarotids or vertebral arteries, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 17 cm covered in 10.44/8.77 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 17 cm covered in 10.86/9.12 sec.

568

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

CarotidAngio
80
100

2nd reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
2.6 mGy
Male: 0.47 mSv*
Female: 0.53 mSv*
CarotidAngio
80
100

2nd reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
5.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
5.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
2.6 mGy
Male: 0.58 mSv*
Female: 0.57 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 170 mm was used.

569

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount

Hints
Children, who are more than 6 years old should be
scanned with an adult protocol.
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing
and with a triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 3 years 100 mAs
3-6 years 150 mAs

570

Children

571

Children
BodyAngio/BodyAngio042s
Indications:
For abdominal CT Angio studies, e.g. vascular abnormalities, aneurysms, etc.
For SOMATOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 20 cm covered in 12.17/10.22 sec.
For SOMATOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 20 cm covered in 12.65/10.63 sec.

572

Children

Sensation 16

BodyAngio

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

80
75

2nd
reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
16 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
9.0 mm
0.75
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
2.0 mGy
Male: 0.93 mSv*
Female: 1.12 mSv*

Sensation 10

BodyAngio

kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

80
75

2nd
reconstr.

0.5/0.42 sec.
10 x 0.75 mm
0.75 mm
3.0 mm
1.0 mm
8.6 mm
1.15
3.0 mm
0.7 mm
B30f
B20f
1.95 mGy
Male: 1.18 mSv*
Female: 1.97 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 7-year-old child, and a

scan range of 200 mm was used.

573

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount
Hints
Children with a body weight of more than 55 kg
should be examined with an adult protocol.
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing. Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the abdominal
aorta with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.
To work without CARE Dose 4D use for children
< 25 kg 40 mAs
25-34 kg 75 mAs
35-54 kg 130 mAs

574

Children

575

Children
NeonateBody/
NeonateBody042s
Indications:
Spiral mode for neonate body studies, e.g. tumors,
abnormalities, malformations, abscesses, etc.
For SOMOTOM Sensation 16:
A typical range of 15 cm covered in 4.34 sec.
For SOMOTOM Sensation 10:
A typical range of 15 cm covered in 3.88 sec.

576

Children

Sensation 16
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

Sensation 10
kV
Effective mAs/
Quality ref. mAs
Rotation time
Acquisition
Slice collimation
Slice width
Feed/Rotation
Pitch Factor
Increment
Kernel
CTDIVol
Effective dose

NeonateBody
80
33/28
0.5/0.42 sec.
16 x 1.5 mm
1.5 mm
6.0 mm
18.0 mm
0.75
6.0 mm
B30f
0.7/0.6 mGy
Male: 0.95/0.81 mSv*
Female: 1.24/1.05 mSv*
NeonateBody
80
25
0.5/0.42 sec.
6 x 3.0 mm
3.0 mm
6.0 mm
20.7 mm
1.15
6.0 mm
B30f
0.55 mGy
Male: 0.51 mSv*
Female: 0.76 mSv*

* The conversion factor for a 8-week-old child, and a

scan range of 150 mm was used.

577

Children

Contrast medium IV injection

Start delay
exam dependent
Flow rate
dependent upon needle size/Access
site
Total
1 2 ml per kg of body weight
amount
Hint
CARE Bolus may be used to optimize the bolus timing. Set the ROI for monitoring scan in the abdominal
aorta with triggering threshold of 120 HU, or use
manual triggering.

578

Children

579

Siemens AG
Wittelsbacherplatz 2
D-80333 Muenchen
Germany
Headquarters
Siemens AG
Medical Solutions
Henkestr. 127
D-91052 Erlangen
Germany
Telephone: +49 9131 84-0
www.siemens.com/medical
Contact Address
Siemens AG
Medical Solutions
Computed Tomography
Siemensstr. 1
D-91301 Forchheim
Germany
Telephone: +49 9191 18-0

2002-2005, Siemens AG
Order No.
C2-023.630.19.01.02
Printed in Germany
09/2005