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Fieldwork 6

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2K views9 pages

Fieldwork 6

rdrtfyguhioploiutfdfghbnjmk,lkouytfvbnmkluytfgvbnkopuytfcvbnkoptftcvbnkop98ytfgvbnji87ygbnmko9ygb nmkiuyyghbnmkko0ijnmkouhn mkiuhnmkiuhb niuygvb8uygbdasdadqwedefghjkl;';lkjhgfdertyuioljmnbvcsdrtyuiokmnbvrtyuikjnfyuikmnbfdyuio;lkjhgew3435678ijhgvcvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvsaf mapua institute of technology

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Calvin Joshua Lacson
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II.

INTRODUCTION

Leveling in which a continuous check is maintained on the accuracy of the leveling


procedure. It is called double rodding because it can be done most conveniently by two
rodmen. However, it is possible to carry out the procedure using only one rodman. In
double rodding, you determine the HI at each setup point by backlights taken on two
different TPs. If no mistake or large error has been made, the result will be two HIs that differ
slightly from each other. Elevations computed this way will also differ slightly. In each case,
the average is taken as the elevation.

III. OBJECTIVES AND INSTRUMENTS


OBJECTIVES
1. To develop skills in determining the difference in elevation between two points
without the need of returning the circuit to the original point of reference by using
two observation points every time BS and FS are taken.
2. To master the art of using the precise level during fieldwork.
3. To acquire the confidence of working with ones party or group and to be fully
responsible in the performance of the assigned task.

INSTRUMENTS
1. Precise level
- An instrument similar to an ordinary
surveyor's level but capable of finer
readings and including a prism arrangement
that permits simultaneous observation
of the rod and the leveling bubble.

3. Leveling Rod

2. Chalk
- A soft compact calcite with
varying amounts of silica, quartz,
feldspar, or other mineral impurities,
generally gray-white or yellow-white
and derived chiefly from fossil

4. Plumb bobs

- used with a levelling instrument to


determine the difference in height
between points or heights of points above
a datum surface.

- is a weight, usually with a pointed tip


on the bottom, which is suspended
from a string and used as a vertical
reference line

IV. PROCEDURE & COMPUTATIONS


A. Determination of the difference in elevation between two points, which are at a
considerable distance from each other
1. The professor designates the locations of two benchmarks BM-1 and BM-2, which is
about 300m to 500m away from each other and of considerable difference in elevation.
2. Setup the level on a suitable location and take the BS of BM-1 (point of known elevation)
while the rod man is holding the level exactly at BM-1. Compute the height of the
instrument by using the formula: HI = Elevation of the point + BS.
3. The rod man now transfers to another location, preferably the same distance of the BM-1
to the instrument as the distance of the first turning points (namely TP1L and TP1H) to the
instrument.
4. The rod man must mark two points on this location and call them TP1L and TP1H with a
chalk or marking pins. Preferably, these two points must be of considerable difference in
elevation but quite near each other.
5. The instrument must take two FSs one on each TP1L and TP1H and record the readings
on the computation sheet provided for in this fieldwork.
6. Compute the elevations of these TP1L and TP1H using the formula: Elevation of TP1L =
HI FS of TP1L and Elevation of TP1H = HI FS of TP1H. Record the results in the
computation sheet.
7. The instrument man must now transfer the level pass of the two TP1 and along the route
to BM-2.
8. After leveling the instrument firmly, two BSs must be taken one on each TP1L and
TP2H. Record these readings.
9. Compute the new height of the instrument on its current location by basing it from the
two turning points. Use these formulas: HI = Elevation of the TP1L + BS of TP1L and HI
= Elevation of the TP1H + BS of TP1H. These two computed values of HI must be very
near each other.
10. Again the rod man transfers to another location, along the same route preferably the same
distance of the instrument from TP1s, and should now call them TP2s.
11. The instrument man gets two FSs one on each TP2L and TP2H and record these rod
readings on the computation sheet.
3

12. Compute the elevations of these TP2L and TP2H using the same previous formulas.
13. These steps must be followed closely until the leveling work will reach BM-2. Two
foresights will be recorded for BM-2 and two independent elevations of BM-2 will be
computed. However, these elevations of BM-2 must be very near each other. The mean
of the two elevations will be considered the most probable elevation of BM-2.

COMPUTATION:
The computation of sample field notes is done in accordance with the steps listed hereunder:
A. Computation of the height of the instrument
The height of the instrument is always equal to the elevation of the point where the back
sight is being observed plus the elevation of the point itself.
HI = Elevation of the point + BS
B. Computation of the height of the instrument
The elevation of the turning point is always equal to the height of the instrument minus the
foresight of the TP being observed.

Elevation TP1 = HI - FS

C. Computation of the most probable elevation of BM2


The most probable elevation of BM-2 is the mean elevation of BM-2 between the computed
values from the last turning points low and high.
Most Probable Elevation of BM 2 = Mean Elev. Of BM 2

Mean.elev.BM 2 =

ELEV.BL2.fr.TPlast Low+Elev.BL2 .fr.TPlast High


2

VIII. RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION


This fieldwork is all about differential leveling, the same as the previous fieldwork. But
the difference between these two fieldworks is the measurement of backsight and foresight. In the
previous fieldwork, we measured the backsight and proceed to the other point to measure the
foresight.
Double rodded leveling is a method of determining the differences in elevation between
points by employing two level routes simultaneously. Two turning points are established such that
at each set up of the leveling instrument, two sets of independent back sights and foresights are
taken.
But in this fieldwork, we measured the backsight and its left and right location with the
same distance of the actual backsight. We did the same thing for the foresight. But when it comes
to computation, we did the same thing as of the previous fieldwork. We computed for the height
of the instrument as the sum of the elevation and the backsight after we measured for the backsight.
Then we computed for the elevation by finding the difference of height of the instrument and the
foresight after we measured for the foresight. For us to find the backsight and foresight, we should
compute for the average of two backsights and two foresights, each in left and right. This is the
illustration of what we did for the double-rodded differential leveling.

IX. CONCLUSION
In this fieldwork, we had a differential leveling with turning points. But this time, it is
double rodded. This means that we find the backsight and foresight not directly in their actual
point, but to their left and right. The distance is 2 meters each from the actual point of backsight
and foresight. So, the average of the left and right backsight will be the measurement for our
backsight, and the same for foresight. But the rest of the procedure is almost the same as of the
previous fieldwork.
Base on the result of our fieldwork, the elevation is close to each other, even though they
are different to each other. It is normal that they are different because the land that we measured
for the elevation is not that straight, which means that the elevation is not constant. This means
that we come up for a good result in this fieldwork.
The possible source of error is the inaccuracy of the measurement of the user. The setup of
the points in the field can be another source of error. The points must be followed closely until the
leveling work will reach BM-2. In the process error due to measurement are made.
For this fieldwork, I recommend to learn the value of patience because there are multiple
measurements that you will do in this fieldwork. You should be accurate in measurements by using
the equipment in the correct way and be careful on what you measure. I recommend to strictly
follow the procedures and accurately check the measurement in the leveling rod. Always make
sure that the bubble is in the center. Because if not, it can lead to an error in results. This is one of
the common human error that we commit. And most of all, you should have a teamwork with your
groupmates by assigning different tasks in every members of the group so that you can easily finish
the fieldwork in a few possible time and for you to come up with a good result.
Application:
The field work can be applied for running long lines of levels on routes where no
established benchmarks are available for checking. In the industry when there is no established
benchmarks and there is an urgent need to undertake differential leveling in a short period of time.

FINAL DATA SHEET


FIELD WORK 3

TAPING ON SLOPING GROUND

DATE: 10/27/15

GROUP NO.: 4

TIME: 8:00-10:00AM LOCATION: Intramuros Walls


WEATHER: Cloudy PROFESSOR: Engr. Balmoris
A. PROFILE LEVELING

BENCHMARK
NO.
BM 1

BS
(m)
0.73

HI
(m)
100.73

FS
(m)

ELEVATION
REMARKS
(m)
100

TP1 L

1.425

101.43

0.8125

99.905

TP1 H

0.706

101.026

1.526

100.32

TP2 L

1.425

101.33

1.435

99.905

TP2 H

0.40

101.016

0.41

100.616

TP3 L

1.4325

101.3465

1.416

99.914

TP3 H

0.74

101.031

0.725

100.291

TP4 L

1.425

101.334

1.4375

99.909

TP4 H

0.4125

101.031

0.4125

100.6185

TP5 L

1.45

101.3465

1.4075

99.8965

TP5 H

0.68

100.956

0.755

100.276

BM 2L

1.35

99.9965

BM 2H

1.35

99.606

B. COMPUTATION

HI = ELEV + BS
= 100 + 0.73
= 100.73

ELEV = HI FS
= 100.73 0.8125
= 99.905

Sketch:

Determination of the backsight and foresight of the Turning Points, TP1H and TP1L

Determining the backsight of BM1

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