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Impedance Transformation

i) The document discusses impedance transformations along transmission lines using the general impedance transformation equation. It relates the input impedance to the load impedance using hyperbolic functions involving the characteristic impedance, propagation constant and length of the transmission line. ii) It describes some special cases of impedance transformations for lossless lines including half-wavelength, quarter-wavelength, short-circuited and open-circuited lines. The quarter-wavelength line acts as an ideal transformer between the load and input impedances. iii) It also discusses impedance transformations for lossy lines and describes the input impedance for short and open-circuited lines. The input impedance is resistive for certain lengths of

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318 views4 pages

Impedance Transformation

i) The document discusses impedance transformations along transmission lines using the general impedance transformation equation. It relates the input impedance to the load impedance using hyperbolic functions involving the characteristic impedance, propagation constant and length of the transmission line. ii) It describes some special cases of impedance transformations for lossless lines including half-wavelength, quarter-wavelength, short-circuited and open-circuited lines. The quarter-wavelength line acts as an ideal transformer between the load and input impedances. iii) It also discusses impedance transformations for lossy lines and describes the input impedance for short and open-circuited lines. The input impedance is resistive for certain lengths of

Uploaded by

abubakarsha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATION EQUATION

V
The reflection coefficient is a function of position along the TL. Since we
V
1
have Z Z 0
.
1

Z is also a function of position along the line.

1
1 Le2 z '
e z ' Le z '
Z Z0
Z0
Z0 z '
1
1 Le2 z
e L e z
L

Z L Z0
Z L Z0

Z L Z 0 z
e
Z L e z ' e z ' Z 0 e z ' e z '
Z L Z0
Z Z0
Z0
Z L Z 0 z
z'
Z L e z ' e z ' Z 0 e z ' e z '
e
e
Z L Z0
e z '

Z Z0

Z L Z 0 tanh( z ')
Z 0 Z L tanh( z ')

Y Y0

YL Y0 tanh( z ')
Y0 YL tanh( z ')

The input impedance (admitance) of a line (terminated in


obtained by putting
Zin Z 0

Yin Y0

z' .

Z L Z 0 tanh( )
Z 0 Z L tanh( )

YL Y0 tanh( )
Y0 YL tanh( )

Z L ) of length

is

For a Lossless Line:

0, z ' j z '
tanh( z ') tanh( j z ') j tan( z ') and
Z Z0
Y Y0

Z L jZ 0 tan( z ')
Z 0 jZ L tan( z ')

YL jY0 tan( z ')


Y0 jYL tan( z ')

Some Special Impedance Transformations on a lossless TL:


For a lossless TL:

Z Z0

Z L jZ 0 tan( z ')
Z 0 jZ L tan( z ')

1) Half-Wavelength Line
If

, n positive integer.

.n

n tan tan n 0 ,

Zin Z L . This result can be generalized to any two points that are separated

by a multiple of a half- wavelength. Since tan( z ' n ) tan z ' ( tan


function is periodic with ) Z repears every half-wavelength along a
lossless TL.

2) The Quarter Wavelength Line


If (2n 1)

, n=positive integer, then

tan .

(2n 1).

(2n 1)

Z 02
1
So, Zin
or Zin
ZL
ZL

Quarter wavelength lossless TL it is often refered as quarter wave


transformer.

and

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

A large value of load impedance a small value of input impedance.


A small value of load impedance a large value of input impedance.
Inductive load capacitive input
Capacitive load inductive input
Series resonant circuit Z L circuit Z L parallel resonat circuit Z in
For Z L real, a quarter-wavelength long TL has all the properties of an
ideal transformer.
The quarter-wave transformer is useful in matching a resistive load
to a generator (necessary to deliver all the available generator power
to the load).
If Z G is real, then we must have Zin ZG , or

Z 02
ZG Z 0 ZG RL
RL

Since the line can only be quarter-wavelength long at one freguency,


the transformer is frequency sensitive.

3) The Short-Circuited Line


Z L 0, Zin jX in jZ0 tan or Zin j tan jX in

), Zin is inductive.
For
2
4

4) The open Circuited Line


Z L , Zin jZ0 cot

Yin j tan

), Zin is capactive.
For
2
4

IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATIONS ON A LOSSLESS LINE


For
0,

Z Z0

Z L Z 0 tanh z '
Z 0 Z L tanh z '

Now consider,
i)

The Short Circuited Line


Z L 0 Z Z0 tanh z ' Z0 tanh z ' j z '

The input impedance of a line of length


Zin tanh j

Z0

tanh j tan
1 j tanh tan

[If 0, n n , Zin 0 , short circuit repeats itself at every

/ 2 .]

1) If n , Zin Z0 tanh Z0 0.5 Np


2

2) If (2n 1) , tan Zin


4

Z0
Z
0
tanh

Z in is finite and real.

ii)

The Open Circuited Line


Z L , YL 0 .
With z ' ,

Yin Y0

YL Y0 tanh( )
Y0 YL tanh( )

Yin Y0 tanh( j )

1) If n , Yin Y0 tanh Y0

2) If (2n 1) , Yin
2

Z0

Y0
Y
1
0
tanh
Z0

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