SET 1

1 An experiment is carried out to investigate the relationship between the concentration of

hydroxide ion, OH- with pH value of ammonia solution.
Diagram 1 shows the pH value of ammonia solution which is measured using pH meter.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara kepekatan ion
hidroksida, OH- dengan nilai pH bagi larutan ammonia.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan ammonia yang diukur dengan menggunakan
meter pH.
Set I

Set II
9.00

8.68

NH3 (aq)
0.10 mol dm-3

NH3 (aq)
0.01 mol dm-3

Set III

Set IV
8.53

8.01

NH3 (aq)
0.001 mol dm-3

NH3 (aq)
0.0001 mol dm-3
Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) Record the pH value to one decimal place of :

Rekod nilai pH kepada satu titik perpuluhan bagi:
Set I

: _________________

Set II

: _________________

Set III

: _________________

Set IV : _________________
[3 marks]
(b) Construct a table to record the pH value for ammonia solution in Set I, Set II, Set III and Set
IV.
Bina satu jadual untuk merekod nilai pH untuk larutan ammonia dalam Set I, Set II, Set III
dan Set IV.

[3 marks]
(c) State the relationship between the concentration of hydroxide ion, OH - and the pH value.
Nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan ion hidroksida, OH- dan nilai pH.
.
.
...
[3 marks]
(d) Predict the pH value if ammonia solution in Set I is replaced by sodium hydroxide solution
with same concentration.
Ramal nilai pH jika larutan ammonia dalam Set I digantikan dengan larutan natrium
hidroksida dengan kepekatan yang sama.
.
[3 marks]
(e) The following is some example of chemical substances used in daily life.
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

Toothpaste

Vinegar

Soft drinks

Baking powder

Classify the chemical substances by completing Table 1.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan kimia dengan melengkapkan Jadual 1.

Acidic substance

Alkaline substance

Bahan berasid

Bahan beralkali

Table 1
Jadual 1
[3 marks]
2. Table 1 shows the observations in three test tubes used to investigate the effect of other
metals on rusting. A mixture of jelly solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6
solution and phenolphthalein were used as medium in each test tube. The observations
were recorded after one week.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tiga buah tabung uji yang digunakan untuk
menyiasat kesan logam lain ke atas pengaratan. Medium yang digunakan di dalam setiap
tabung uji adalah campuran larutan agar-agar. Larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III),
K3Fe(CN)6 dan fenolftalein. Pemerhatian direkod selepas satu minggu.

Test
tube
Tabung
uji

Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas

Jelly solution +
potassium
hexacyanoferrate
(III), K3Fe(CN)6
solution +
phenolphthalein

Iron nail
Paku besi
Copper strip
Kepingan
kuprum

Larutan agar-agar,
larutan kalium
heksasianoferat
(III), K3Fe(CN)6
dan fenolftalein

II

Iron nail
Paku besi
Zinc strip
Kepingan
zink
III

Jelly solution +
potassium
hexacyanoferrate
(III), K3Fe(CN)6
solution +
phenolphthalein
Larutan agar-agar,
larutan kalium
heksasianoferat

Observation
Pemerhatian

Jelly solution + potassium

hexacyanoferrate (III),
K3Fe(CN)6 solution +
phenolphthalein

Iron nail
Paku besi

Larutan agar-agar, larutan

kalium heksasianoferat (III),
K3Fe(CN)6 dan fenolftalein

Magnesium
ribbon

Table 1
Jadual 1

a) Complete the observations in the Table 1 above.

Lengkapkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1 di atas.
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
b) State one inference for each test tubes I, II and III.
Nyatakan satu inferens untuk setiap tabung uji I, II dan III.

Test tube I:
Tabung uji I:

..
Test tube II:
Tabung uji II:

..
Test tube III:
Tabung uji III:

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
c) State the hypothesis for the experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen tersebut.

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
d) For this experiment, state
Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan
(i)

The manipulated variable:

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi:

(ii)

The responding variable:

Pembolehubah bergerak balas:

(iii)

The constant variable:

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

e) State the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengaratan paku besi.

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
f) Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen.

Jelly solution /Larutan agar-agar

+
Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6
Larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III), K3Fe(CN)6
+
Phenolphthalein /fenolftalein

Iron nail coiled with lead strip

Paku besi dililit dengan kepingan plumbum
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Predict an observation for the experiment after a week.
Ramalkan pemerhatian daripada eksperimen itu selepas satu minggu.

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus used to investigate the cleansing action of soap and detergent on a piece
of cloth stained with oil.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menyiasat tindakan
pembersihan sabun dan detergen pada pakaian yang dikotori minyak.
Experiment
I

II

Apparatus

Observation
Oil stained removed

Oil stained remains

Based on the above diagram, plan one laboratory experiment to compare the effectiveness of soap and detergent n
hard water.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan
keberkesanan sabun dan detergen dalam air liat.

Your planning should include the following aspects:

Perancangan anda perlu mengikut aspek berikut:
(a) Problem statement / pernyataan masalah
(b) All the variables / semua pembolehubah
(c) Statement of the hypothesis / pernyataan hipotesis
(d) List of substances and apparatus / senarai bahan dan radas
(e) Procedure of the experiment / kaedah eksperimen
(f) Tabulation of data / penjadualan data
[17 marks]

SET 2
1.

Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to compare the reactivity of

halogen towards their reactions with hot iron.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan
halogen dalam tindak balas mereka dengan besi panas.
Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas
Experiment I
Eksperimen I

Bromine gas
Gas bromin

Iron wool
Wul besi

Observation
Pemerhatian
1. Iron wool glows brightly.

Soda lime Wul besi berbara dengan

Kapur soda terang.
2.

Heat
Panaskan

Experiment II
Eksperimen II

Chlorine gas
Gas klorin

Iron wool
Wul besi

Heat
Panaskan

Soda lime
Kapur soda

1.

2. A brown solid is formed.

Pepejal perang terhasil.

Experiment III
Eksperimen III

Iodine gas
Gas iodin

Iron wool
Wul besi

1.
lime

Soda
Kapur soda

2. A brown solid is formed

Pepejal perang terhasil.

Heat
Panaskan

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) Complete the observation for the reaction in Diagram 2.
Lengkapkan pemerhatian untuk tindak balas dalam Rajah 2.
[3 marks]

(b) Based on the observation in Experiment II, state one inference.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen II, nyatakan satu inferens.

[3 marks]
(c) For this experiment, state :
Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:
(i) the manipulated variable.
pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan.
.............
(ii) the responding variable.
pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas.

(iii) the constant variable.

pemboleh ubah yang ditetapkan.

[3 marks]
(d) State the hypothesis for the experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

[3 marks]
(e) State the operational definition for the reactivity of halogen in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan halogen dalam eksperimen ini.

[3 marks]
(f) Arrange the three halogens in descending order of reactivity.
Susunkan ketiga-tiga halogen mengikut tertib kereaktifan menurun.

[3 marks]

2.Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the heat of combustion for alcohols.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba pembakaran alkohol.

Copper can

Thermometer

Tin kuprum

Termometer

Water
air

Wind shield
Penghadang angin
Spirit lamp

Tripod stand
Tungku kaki tiga

Lampu pelita
Alcohols
Alkohol

Wooden block
Blok kayu

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

Three sets of experiments are carried out to determine the heat of combustion of different
types of alcohols.
Tiga set eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol
yang berlainan jenis.
Diagram 2.1 shows the initial and highest reading of the thermometer in the three sets of
experiment.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan bacaan tertinggi termometer bagi ketiga-tiga set
eksperimen

Set

Initial thermometer reading

Bacaan awal termometer

Highest thermometer reading

Bacaan tertinggi termometer

II

III

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a) Record the initial thermometer readings and highest thermometer readings in Set I, Set
II and Set III at space provided in Diagram 2.1
Rekodkan bacaan awal termometer dan bacaan tertinggi termometer dalam Set I, Set
II dan Set III pada ruang yang disediakan pada Rajah 2.1
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

(b) Construct a table to record the initial temperature of water, highest temperature of
water and increase in temperature in Set I, Set II and Set III.

Bina satu jadual untuk merekodkan suhu awal air, suhu tertinggi dan kenaikan suhu
dalam Set I, Set II dan Set III.

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
Table 2 shows the heat of combustion of four alcohols.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan haba pembakaran bagi empat jenis alkohol.
Heat of combustion (KJmol-1)
Haba pembakaran (KJmol-1)

Alcohol
Alkohol

Molecular formula
Formula molekul

Methanol
Metanol

CH3OH

- 728

Ethanol
Etanol

C2H5OH

- 1376

Propanol
Propanol

C3H7OH

- 2016

Butanol
Butanol

C4H9OH

- 2678

Table 2
Jadual 2
(c) Sketch a graph to show heat of combustion of alcohols in Table 2 against number of
carbon atoms per molecule.
Lakar graf untuk menunjukkan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol dalam Jadual 2
melawan atom karbon per molekul.
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
Diagram 2.2 shows the energy level for combustion of ethanol.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan aras tenaga untuk pembakaran etanol.

Energy

Tenaga

CH3OH + 3/2 O2

H = - 726 KJmol-1

CO2 + 2H2O

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(d) State three informations from Diagram 2.2 .
Nyatakan tiga maklumat berdasarkan Rajah 2.2
1. .
2. .
3. .
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
e) Alcohol is one example of carbon compounds.
Classify the following carbon compounds into hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons.
Alkohol adalah satu contoh sebatian karbon.
Kelaskan sebatian karbon berikut kepada hidrokarbon dan bukan hidrokarbon.
Ethene , C2H4
Etena , C2H4
Methanoic acid, HCOOH
ethanoate,CH3COOC3H7
Asid Metanoik, HCOOH
CH3COOC3H7

propanol, C 3H7OH
propanol,C 3H7OH
Prophyl
propil etanoat,

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

3
Ionic compound can conduct electricity in aqueous and molten states but
covalent
compound cannot conduct electricity in all states.
Sebatian ion boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan dan
larutan akueus
tetapi sebatian kovalen tidak boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam sebarang
keadaan.

Using lead(II) bromide as an example of ionic compound and naphthalene as an example of

covalent compound, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the electrical conductivity of
molten ionic and covalent compounds.
Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) bromida sebagai contoh sebatian ion and naftalena
sebagai contoh sebatian kovalen, rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan
kekonduksian elektrik leburan sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek berikut:

Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah

All the variables

Semua pemboleh ubah

Hypothesis
Hipotesis

List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas

Procedure
Prosedur

Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data

[17 marks]