2

MASTER

Number skills

Check
P16

Worked example
Find all the factors of 72.

Strengthen
P18

Extend
P22

Test
P26

2.1 Factors, primes and multiples

You will learn to:

CONFIDENCE

Understand the difference between multiples, factors and primes

Find all the factor pairs of any whole number
Find the HCF and LCM of two numbers.

List all the factors in order.

5 Find all the factors of

a 48
b 56
c 104
d 100
e 36
Discussion What type of number has an odd number of factors?

Fluency
What are the missing numbers?

6 Problem-solving Hayley finds all the factors of a number.

This is her list.

6 u = 36

1, 2, 3, 4, u, 9, 12, 13, u, u, 36, 39, u, 78, u, 156, 234, 468

Why learn this?

Astronomers use the LCM to work out
when planets are going to be in line.

1 72
Work systematically to find
2 36
the factor pairs.
3 24
4 18
72 does not divide by 5.
6 12
89
Factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72

u 4 = 36
12 u = 36
u 18 = 36
1 u = 36

Explore
How many rows of bricks and how many
rows of breeze blocks would you need to
make walls the same height?

What are the missing numbers?

b Write down all the factors of 12.
d What is the highest common factor of 8 and 12?

1 Look at these numbers.

Q1 hint

2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30

Which of the numbers are

Warm up

a multiples of 3

b multiples of 5

c factors of 40?

2 Look at these numbers.

4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36
a Which of the numbers are multiples of
i 4

ii 6

Multiples of 4
4
8

12

Which of the numbers are prime numbers?

Discussion Is a prime number always an odd number? Is an odd
number always a prime number?
a Write down all the factors of 28.
b Write down all the prime factors of 28.
Subject links: Technology (Q13, Q15)

Factors of 18

9 Find the HCF of each pair of numbers.

Multiples of 6

2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 21, 25

Factors of 15

b What is the HCF of 15 and 18?

3 Here is a list of numbers.

The highest common factor (HCF)

of two numbers is the largest number
that is a factor of both numbers.

8 a Copy and complete this Venn diagram to show the factors of

15 and 18.

A multiple of 3 is a number in the

3times table.
A factor of 10 is a whole number that
divides exactly into 10.

iii 4 and 6.

b Copy and complete this

Venn diagram.
Write each of the numbers
in the correct section.

What factors do 8 and 12 have in

common?

Key point

7 a Write down all the factors of 8.

c Write down the common factors of 8 and 12.

Exercise 2.1

Q7c Literacy hint

Q2b Literacy hint

a 6 and 9

A Venn diagram shows sets of

items.

Discussion Is the HCF always one of the numbers?

Key point
A prime number has exactly two
factors, 1 and itself.

Key point

b 20 and 24

c 6 and 18

10 Problem-solving / Reasoning In this number wheel, the HCF of

opposite numbers is equal to the number in the middle.
Use the numbers from the cloud to copy and complete the wheel.
Explain how you worked out your answers.

24

30

18

60
54

12
6

A prime factor is a factor of a

number that is also a prime number.
Unit 2 Number skills

Check
P16

MASTER

11 a List the first 10 multiples of 3.

The lowest common multiple

(LCM) of two numbers is the
smallest number that is a multiple of
both numbers.

c Write down the common multiples of 3 and 5.

d What is the lowest common multiple of 3 and 5?

90

72

27

45

63

36

75

9
8
7
6

60

The LCM of u and u is u

Investigation

Problem-solving

Reflect

Explore

A red light flashes every 6 seconds.

A blue light flashes every 8 seconds.
Work with a partner to answer these questions.
1 Both lights flash at the same time. How many seconds until they flash at the same time again?
2 Explain how you can work out all the times when the lights flash together.
3 A purple light flashes every 7 seconds and a yellow light flashes every 9 seconds. Which pair of lights
will flash together most within 1 minute?

15 Explore How many rows of bricks and how many rows of breeze
blocks would you need to make walls the same height?
Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the
lesson? What further information do you need to be able to answer
this?
16 Reflect Write your own short definition for each of these
mathematical words:
highest
lowest
common
factor
multiple
Now use your definitions to write (in your own words) the meaning of:
highest common factor
lowest common multiple
Delta 1, Section 2.1

4
3
2

1
0
21
3

0 1

3 4

6

2 a The temperature is 6 C. It gets 8 degrees colder.

What is the new temperature?
b The temperature is 7 C. It gets 5 degrees warmer.
What is the new temperature?

15

Copy and complete Sitas statement.

22
4

Warm up

18

Why learn this?

The number line extends equally in the positive
and negative directions infinitely.

1 What are the missing numbers on the thermometer?

30

81

Explore
What is the difference between the
average temperatures on different
planets in the solar system?

Exercise 2.2

Multiples of

99

Fluency
Which is colder?
3 C or 2 C
4 C or 1 C

10

14 Problem-solving Sita draws this Venn diagram to work out the LCM
of two numbers.

54

Add, subtract, multiply and divide positive and negative numbers.

13 STEM The diagram shows two cogs. The larger cog has 12 teeth
and the smaller cog has 8 teeth.
The cogs start to turn with the red dots next to each other.
What is the smallest number of turns each cog must make before the
red dots are next to each other again?

Multiples of

Test
P26

You will learn to:

CONFIDENCE

12 Reasoning The diagram shows four numbers

4
linked by lines.
a Work out the LCM of each pair of linked
numbers.
b Which pair of numbers has the largest LCM?
6
Explain why.
c Which pairs of numbers have the same LCM? Explain why.

Extend
P22

2.2 Using negative numbers

Key point

b List the first 6 multiples of 5.

Strengthen
P18

3 Which sign, < or >, goes between each pair of numbers?

a 3 u 2
b 4 u 1
c 5 u 8
d 10 u 11
4 Use this number line to work out
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

a 7 12

b 9 + 15

c 2 7

ii 2 3 is the same as 2 u 3.
c Copy and complete these rules
replace + + with +
replace + with u
replace + with u
replace with u

10

d 10 + 8

5 a Copy and complete these patterns.

i 2+3=5
ii 2 3 = 1
2+2=u
22=u
2+1=u
21=u
2+0=u
20=u
2 + 1 = u
2 1 = u
2 + 2 = u
2 2 = u
2 + 3 = u
2 3 = u
b Reasoning Which sign, + or , is missing from each statement?
i 2 + 3 is the same as 2 u 3.

Q5b hint
Numbers without a sign in front of
them are positive. So 2 3 is 2 +3.

Unit 2 Number skills

c 12 + 3

d 3 7

7 STEM The table shows the melting point and boiling

point of four compounds.
a What is the difference between the melting point and
the boiling point of
i nitric acid
ii sulphur dioxide?
b Work out the range of the melting point temperatures.
c Work out the range of the boiling point temperatures.

5

8 + 6 = 8 6 = u

Compound

Melting
point (C)

Boiling
point (C)

nitric acid

42

83

nitrogen chloride

40

71

nitrogen oxide

163

152

sulphur dioxide

75

10

7

4

a Which cards make the calculation

i with the greatest possible answer

ii with the smallest possible answer?
b Which cards make the calculation

ii with the smallest possible answer?

9 a Copy and complete these patterns.
i 23=6
ii 2 3 = 6
22=4
2 2 = 4
21=u
2 1 = u
20=u
2 0 = u
2 1 = u
2 1 = u
2 2 = u
2 2 = u
2 3 = u
2 3 = u
b Reasoning Copy and complete these rules.
positive positive = positive
positive negative = _______
negative positive = _______
negative negative = _______
b 7 2
f 3 2 4

c 6 5
g 5 3 2

d 3 6
h 7 3 10

11 Problem-solving Juan writes this question to go with the calculation

3 15 = 45.

Anna and John are divers. Anna dives three times as deep as John.
John dives 15 m below sea level. How deep does Anna dive?
Write a question to go with this calculation: 4 25 = 100.
12 Copy and complete these number facts.
a

8 2 = 16
16 2 = 8
16 8 = u

13 Work out
a 20 5
e 24 4
5

8 2 = 16
16 2 = u
16 8 = u

b 12 2
f 36 12

Topic links: Range, Mean

c 16 4
g 5 5

4

Which cards make the calculation

a with the greatest possible answer
b with the smallest possible answer?

15 Real / Reasoning The table shows the average minimum temperature in

10 cities in January.
City

Budapest Canberra Ellsworth Harare Imst Madrid Nuuk Oslo Ottawa Stanley

Temperature (C)

13

18

17

11

14

Investigation

i with the greatest possible answer

10 Work out
a 4 5
e 4 4

7

c 8 2 = 16
16 2 = u
16 8 = u
d 30 6
h 7 7

a Work out the range in temperatures.

b Work out the mean temperature.
Plymouth has a minimum temperature of 5 C.
Bucharest has a minimum temperature of 5 C.
These two cities are added to the list above.
c How do these two temperatures affect the range you found in part a?
d How do these two temperatures affect the mean you found in part b?

8 Problem-solving Here are some number cards.

5

Q11 hint
The question could be about money,
temperature, distance below sea
level or ground level, etc.

Key point
Division is the inverse of
multiplication.
Multiplication is the inverse of
division.
positive positive = positive
positive negative = negative
negative positive = negative
negative negative = positive

Subject links: Science (Q7), Geography (Q15)

Reasoning

Here is part of a number grid.

1 A cross of five numbers is shaded green (A).
Copy and complete these calculations for the green cross:
left + right = 6 + 8 = u
top + bottom = 2 + 12 = u
2 centre = 2 7 = u
2 What do you notice about your three answers to part 1?
3 Do the same for the cross of numbers shaded
a blue (B)
b red (C).
4 What do you notice about your answers to part 3?
5 Does this pattern work for any cross on this grid?
6 Investigate crosses of five squares on different number grids.
For example, rows of 6, 9, 12 etc.
7 What do you notice about your answers?
8 What happens if you make crosses in a grid with a top row 6 to 1?
9 What about 7 to 1?

5

1

2

3

4

A 6

7

8

9 10

11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 B
21 22 23 24 25
C 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40

16 Explore What is the difference between the average temperatures on different

planets in the solar system?
Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the lesson?
What further information do you need to be able to answer this?

Explore

b 4 + 9

14 Problem-solving Here are some number cards.

Q6a hint

17 Reflect Mihir and Zane discuss what is different or the same about negative
and positive numbers.
Mihir says, Negative numbers get smaller the further you get from zero,
but positive numbers get bigger.
Zane says, When you multiply two negative numbers you get a positive answer
and when you multiply two positive numbers, you get a positive number answer
as well.
Look back at what you have learned in this lesson about negative numbers.
What else is different about working with positive and negative numbers?
What else is the same?
Delta 1, Section 2.2

Reflect

6 Work out
a 8 + 6

Unit 2 Number skills

Extend
P22

Test
P26

2.3 Multiplying and dividing

Worked example
Work out 326 14 using long division.
Estimate the answer first.

You will learn to:

Estimate: 326 14 is roughly 330 15 = 22

2 ...
_____
2 14 = 28. So 14 goes into
)
14 326
32 twice. 6 0 = 6,
28
2 14 = 28
so bring down 6.
46

CONFIDENCE

Use mental and written strategies for multiplication

Divide a 3-digit integer by a 2-digit integer.

Fluency
Round these numbers to the
nearest 10.
23
69
471
395

Why learn this?

If you estimate the total cost of a day out, you
can make sure you take enough money to pay.

Explore
Estimate the cost of a day out.

Warm up

b 10 14 7

c 5748

2 Work out
a 135 3

b 312 6

c 1952 8

3 Work out
a 15 81

b 22 23

c 46 13

4 a Estimate the answer to each of these by rounding to the nearest 10.

Q1 hint
Use the priority of operations to do
calculations:
Brackets
Indices
Multiplication and Division
Addition and Subtraction

i 23 37 20 u = u
ii 18 72

Q4 Literacy hint

iii 39 64
b Work out the accurate answers to the calculations in part a.
Use your estimates to check your answers.
5 Work out
a 24 8
b 12 16
c 6 32
d 3 64
Discussion What do you notice about your answers?
Why has this happened?
6 Problem-solving / Reasoning In these number wheels, opposite
numbers multiply to give the number in the middle.
a Copy and complete the number wheels.
i

ii
50

30

36

25

60

In maths, estimation means using

rounded values to do the calculation.
means is approximately equal to

You can divide a 3-digit number by a

2-digit number using long division.

Try multiplying 14 by different numbers

to get close to 46. 3 14 = 42

2 14 = 28
3 14 = 42

4 is less than 14, so

the remainder is 4.

326 14 = 23 remainder 4
Check: 23 remainder 4 is close to 22

Exercise 2.3
1 Work out
a 47+9

23
_____
14 ) 326
28
46
42
4

Key point

Check your answer.

7 Work out
a 756 12
b 832 26
c 925 37
d 966 42

Q7 hint
Estimate first. Use your estimate to
check your answer.

8 Work out
a 999 14
b 485 21
c 432 17
d 836 48
9 These are the ages of 14 members of a dance club.
16

18

15

15

20

19

24

12

25

13

24

22

21

22

Work out the mean age.

Explore

Strengthen
P18

10 Explore Estimate the cost of a day out.

Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the lesson?
What further information do you need to be able to answer this?
11 Reflect Adele and Fiona are discussing division.
Adele says, Division means sharing between people.
Fiona says, Division means grouping into multiples.
Look at your division answers in this lesson. Who do you agree with?
Write down what division means to you.

Reflect

Check
P16

MASTER

480

Topic links: Mean, Area

Delta 1, Section 2.3

Unit 2 Number skills

Check
P16

Strengthen
P18

Extend
P22

Test
P26

2.4 Squares and square roots

You will learn to:

6 Reasoning The area of a square is 100 cm2.

Amisha says The side length of the square could be 10 cm or 10 cm.
Ishan says The side length of the square can only be 10 cm.
Who is correct? Explain your answer.
7 Check each of these calculations is correct by using the
inverse operation.
____
____
a 142 = 196
b 2.52 = 6.25
c 2116 = 46
d 12.96 = 3.6

Use index notation for squares and square roots

Calculate with squares and square roots.

Work out an estimate of 55.

55

55 lies between 7 and 8

Explore
What is the best way to arrange 8000 seats
into square blocks for a music concert?

0.3 3
0.3 0.3
0.5 5
0.5 0.5

Warm up

c 9 9

ii

iii

9 cm

12 cm

8 cm

To find the square of a number you

multiply it by itself.
3 3 = 32 = 9

Discussion How do you find the area of a square using the length of one side?
4 a Copy and complete this table showing all the square numbers from 1 to 15.
1

32

42

52

62

72

82

92

102

112

122

132

142

b Use your table in part a to write down the answers to these.

____

i 64

____

ii 121

____

iii 225

Discussion Is there another square root of 64, 121, 169, 225?

5 a Copy and complete.
i

44=u
4 4
____ = u

so, 16 = u or u

ii

77=u
7 7
____ = u

so, 49 = u or u

c Write down both answers to each of these.

____

____

____

ii 81
iii 9
i 25
Discussion Can square numbers be positive or negative?
9

Topic links: Area, Range

152

____

____

b 9 4

Use your table from Q4 to help you.

____

c 324

____

d 784

Investigation

Reasoning

The diagram shows four pyramids made from balls.

Pyramid: 1

Q4 Literacy hint
32 means 3 squared.

Hint
What is 8 8?

Key point
The inverse of square is square root.
32 = 3____ 3 = 9, so the square root of
9 = 9 = 3

1 Copy and complete this table

Pyramid

Number of balls

____

iv 169

Q10a hint

Key point

9 cm

22

8 a Work
out an estimate
for these
square ____
roots.
____
____
____
ii 5
iii 79
iv 90
i 20
b Check your estimates by working out the accurate square roots
on a calculator.

Discussion What do you notice about your answers to parts a and b?

12 cm

8 cm

12

Estimate is 7.4

10 Work____out
a 36

3 a Work out the area of these squares.

i

55 is closer to 49 than 64, so

estimate just less than 7.5

9 a Work out
i 22
ii 202
iii 2002
iv 0.22
Discussion What do you notice about your answers to part a?
b Work out
i 502
ii 9002 iii 40002
iv 0.62

1 Which numbers from this list can be arranged as dots in a square?

2
4
8
12
16
20
24
36
42
49
55
b 4 4

55 is between 49 and 64

______

Exercise 2.4

2 Work out
a 2 2

______

49 = 7 and 64 = 8

88
Why learn this?
Square numbers are used when you work out,
the projectile of a football, or the equivalence of
mass and energy, or the area you need to tile.

____

Fluency
Work out

______

____

a Work out 196.

c Work out 462.

1 =1

2
2

1 +2 =u

2 How many balls will be in

a pyramid 5
b pyramid 6?
3 Explain how you can work out the number of balls in pyramid 12 without working out the number of balls in
pyramids 1 to 11 first.

11 Explore What is the best way to arrange 8000 seats into square blocks
for a music concert?
Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the lesson?
What further information do you need to be able to answer this?

Explore

CONFIDENCE

Worked example

Q8 hint

12 Reflect Think about the square of 100 and the square root of 100.
Which is 10 and which is 10 000? Make sure you know the difference
between these two terms.
Write down a definition in your own words to help you remember.
Delta 1, Section 2.4

Reflect

MASTER

Unit 2 Number skills

10

Check
P16

MASTER

Strengthen
P18

Extend
P22

Test
P26

8 Work out
a 42 12

2.5 More powers and roots

You will learn to:

CONFIDENCE

Carry out calculations involving squares, cubes, square roots and cube roots
Use factorising to work out square roots and cube roots
Solve word problems using square roots and cube roots.

e 49 + 5 8

Work out
a 3 23
d

b 103 5
____

40
23

____

d 4 31000 35
Explore
For how long are you falling in a bungee
jump from the Sidu River Bridge in China?

____

d 4 729 + 4

b 333
d 4 4 4

Key point

2 Work out
b 14

8
2

c 34+75

45
5

30
5

3 Write these calculations using index notation.

a 3 3 3 3 = 3u

b 22222

c 777

4 Match each cube number in the cloud to a number written in

index notation in the other cloud.
8

216

27

125

100

Work out squares, cubes, square

roots and cube roots before
multiplication and division. Addition
and subtraction come last.

+ 102

103
500

e 4 364

f 324____
8

b 43 + 62
20
e 3 ____ 22
125

c 6 23 18

____

1728

Q11 hint

c 6 103 4 93
3

____

f 4 216 5

Use the

and

xy buttons on

your calculator.

12 STEM / Modelling You can estimate the time it will take an object to
fall using this flowchart.

1 Work out
a 555
c 1 1 1

1000

11 Use a calculator to work out

a 73 + 27
b 2 83 624
3

a 7+59

Key point

____

____

62
15
4

a 50 33

Exercise 2.5

Warm up

c 4 32 + 5

10 Work out

Fluency
Work out
52____
36

Why learn this?

Scientists can use
square roots to
estimate how long an
object takes to fall.

b 3 + 92

43

33

53
23

64

Key point

63

To find the cube of a number,

multiply it by itself 3 times.

13

103

You can use index notation to write

a number to a power or index.
The power tells you how many times
the number is multiplied by itself.
23 = 2 2 2
23 is 2 to the power 3.
3 is the power.

Height
object is
dropped
from (m)

Divide
height
by 5

Find the
square
root

Time
(seconds)

Work out the time it will take a ball to drop from these heights.
a 80 m
b 125 m
c 405 m
13 Problem-solving / Reasoning One number is missing from this list.
____
8002
49 40
302
10 52
u
1000
The range of the numbers is 800.
a Work out the missing number.
b Is there only one possible answer to part a? Explain why.
____

14 Problem-solving Work out 3512.

15 Problem-solving

13 824 = 8 27 64

Q14 hint
Work out which two cube numbers
multiply to give 512.

____

Use this fact to work out 313 824.

____

____

____

a 327

b 125

c 31000

d 31

e 38

f 364

____

____

7 Work out the missing numbers.

____

____

____

a 3216 38 327 = 2 u = u
____

____

____

____

____

____

____

d 106

Key point
The inverse of cube is cube root
.
____
3
23 = 8, so the cube root of 8 is 8 = 2.

Q6e hint

uuu=8
u u u = 8

b 38000 364 3125 = u u = u

16 Explore For how long are you falling in a bungee jump from the Sidu
River Bridge in China?
Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the
lesson? What further information do you need to be able to answer
this?
____

17 Reflect The part of the root symbol began as an old-fashioned

letter r in the 16th Century. You could remember r for root!
List all the mathematics notation used in this lesson, and ways you
might remember it.

Explore

6 Work out

c 104

Q17 hint
Notation means the signs and
symbols you use.

Reflect

5 Work out these powers of 10.

a 103
b 105

c 31728 327 364 = u u = u

11

Topic links: Area

Subject links: Science (Q12)

Delta 1, Section 2.5

Unit 2 Number skills

12

Check
P16

MASTER

Strengthen
P18

Extend
P22

Test
P26

2.6 Calculations

Worked example
(2 3 + 5)2 = (6 + 5)2
= (11)2
= 121

You will learn to:

Estimate answers to complex calculations
Carry out calculations involving brackets.

Finally work out 11 .

_6_

27

CONFIDENCE

Fluency
Which of these numbers are
square numbers
cube numbers
neither?
81 10 27 125 15 64 9 24
Why learn this?
Brackets help to split a calculation up into
separate parts.

Key point
2

______

Warm up

Now add the 6 and 5.

______

The square root sign acts like brackets.

Work out the value inside it first.

_____

6
27 __ = 27 2
3
_____
= 25
=5

When a calculation has brackets,

work out the calculation inside the
brackets first.

Now work out 27 2.

Finally work out the square root of 25.

Explore
How can you calculate all the numbers
from 1 to 20 using only the number 4?

7 Work out
a (10 8)2

b (1 + 2 4)2

Exercise 2.6

c (28
4)2
4

d 21 5

Q7e hint

1 Round each number to the nearest whole number.

a 6.7
b 3.2
c 9.1

e (2)3

f (5)3

2 2 2

d 5.5

2 Round each number to the nearest 10.

a 27
b 43
c 75

d 56

3 Work out
a 5+38
d 52 + 6

18
3

10

e 33 3

c 72+

____

Numbers in ascending order go

from smallest to largest.

Q5a hint
Round numbers less than 10 to the
nearest whole number. Round larger
numbers to the nearest 10.

Q5b hint
Use the priority of operations.

6 Problem-solving Su wants to order this take away meal.

She has 25.
Does she have enough?

Topic links: Area

4.80
6.10
5.20

Boiled rice
Chow mein
Spring rolls

12
__
+6
4

height

speed = 20 height of slope

5 a Estimate the answer to each calculation.

Satay chicken
Crispy duck
Thai beef

8 Real / Modelling Sally works out

the speed of a zorb at the bottom
of slopes of different heights.
She uses the rule
Q4 Literacy hint

ii 65 32 24 73
51
iii 9.2 4.6 1.8 48.9
iv 32.5
4.7
46.7
63 29
v
+ 3.2 4.9
vi

6.15
8.1 8.7
b Use a calculator to work out the accurate answers to the calculations
in part a.
Use your estimates to check your answer.

______

____

f 42 + 23

i 22 + 5.2 41 20 5 u = u

____

g 50 + 2 7

20
5

4 Write these values in ascending order.

_
_
_
_
3
9 + 12
64 8
36 327

13

Work out the value inside the

brackets first. Start with 2 3 = 6

a (2 3 + 5)2

Speed is measured in metres per

second.
Height is measured in metres.
Work out the speed of the zorb when the height of the slope is
a 5m

b 55 m

Subject links: Science (Q8)

____

speed = 20 5 = u

c 210 m

Investigation

Problem-solving

The diagram shows two squares.

1 Work out the area of each square.
2 Work out the total area of the two squares.
3 Sita writes: 32 + 42 = (3 + 4)2
Is Sita correct? Explain.
4 Is Sitas statement true for different size squares?

3 cm

4 cm

9 Work out these calculations. Check your answers using a calculator.

__

a 3 (81 7)

2 1.10
2 2.90
3 1.85

Q8a hint

b (22 + 9)2

Q9 hint

c 102 (45 + 25)

d (5 6 26)3

e 53 + (4 2)3

f 2 33 + 10

Use the ( and

your calculator.

__

) buttons on

Unit 2 Number skills

14

Master
P1

10 Work out
8 + 22
a
72

6 + 42
b
2

__

____

81

12 9

Q10 hint

33 32
c
23

144 2

The dividing line of the fraction acts

like a bracket.
8 + 22
7 2 = (8 + 22) (7 2)

62 ___
6
3
27

11 Problem-solving
a Match each question card with the correct answer card.
Check your answers using a calculator.
3

13 2 ( 125 1 3)

33 1 32

8 3 (11 2
6

1000)

40 1 24

b There is one answer card left over. Write a question card to go with
this answer card.
The question must include a cube root or a square root.
12 Work out
a 3 (7 + 8)2

b 32 (7 + 8)

c (3 (7 + 8))2

13 Write these numbers in descending order.

25 1 22

32

23 2 1

64 +

52 2 42

Reflect

Explore

14 Reasoning Rewrite each calculation using only the brackets that are
needed.
a (3 (2 5)2)
b (3 (2 5))
15 Explore How can you calculate all the numbers from 1 to 20 using only
the number 4?
Look back at the maths you have learned in this lesson.
How can you use it to answer this question?
16 Reflect In this lesson you were asked to estimate.
Suzie says, Estimating is the same as guessing.
Do you agree with Suzie?
Write down a denition of how you estimate in maths.
How might estimating be used in other subjects and in everyday life?

Strengthen
P18

CHECK

2 Check up

Extend
P22

Test
P26

Log how you did on your

Student Progression Chart.

Working with numbers

1 a
b
c
d

Write down all the factors of 12.

Write down all the factors of 18.
Which of the factors of 12 are prime numbers?
What is the highest common factor of 12 and 18?

2 What is the lowest common multiple of 6 and 8?

3 Work out
a 612 18

b 463 21

c 837 16

4 Work out
a 12 4
d 15 + 4

b 3 + 7
e 2 5

c 2 + 8
f 8 12

5 Work out
a 6 3
d 20 5

b 9 4
e 28 7

c 8 7
f 15 5

6 Work out an estimate for these calculations.

a 31 + 2.9 28
b 10 + 31 11

Powers and roots

7 Work out
a 104

b 23

___

c 72

d 36

e 3125

f 64

___

____

_______

3
g 125

8 Write down two square roots of 81.

___

9 Write down an estimate for 38.

10 Work out
a 10 33

82
2

11 Work out
a 8 23 4
3

___

c 10 27 14
12 576 = 16 36

80
22
23
3

___

125

+75

____

Use this fact to work out 576.

13 3375 = 27 125

______

3
Use this fact to work out 3375 .

15

Delta 1, Section 2.6

Unit 2 Number skills

16

Master
P1

Working with brackets

14 Work out
a (3 2 + 4)2
__

Extend
P22

Test
P26

2 Strengthen

_________

b 50 14

____

c 2 (4 + 9)

STRENGTHEN

Check
P16

You will:

d (32 16)2

Strengthen your understanding with practice.

e 43 (8 5)3
15 Work out
58
6.1

a 28.3
16 Work out
45 5
a
2+6

34
37

7.2 8.7

36 8
22

___

100

12 7

Working with numbers

1 List all the numbers from 1 to 30.
Cross out 1 Cross out all the multiples of 2 (apart from 2)
Cross out all the multiples of 3 (apart from 3) Continue like this.
The numbers left should all be prime.
Check that they are.

___

125 + 13

32

Reflect

17 Work out
a (3 + 1) 52
b (3 + 1)2 5
c ((3 + 1) 5)2

2 Steve is nding the common factors of 16 and 20.

a Copy and complete his working.

18 How sure are you of your answers? Were you mostly

Just guessing

Feeling doubtful

Confident

What next? Use your results to decide whether to strengthen or

extend your learning.

Factors of 16: 1, 2, , ,
Factors of 20: 1, 2, , , ,
Common factors: 1, ,

Q1 hint
A prime number only divides exactly
by 1 and itself.
1 is not a prime number.

Q2a hint
Circle the numbers that are the same
in both lists. These are the common
factors.

b What is the highest common factor of 16 and 20?

3 Find the highest common factor of 24 and 30.

Q3 hint

4 a Copy and complete this list of multiples of 3 that are less than 40.

Follow the same steps as Q2.

3, 6, 9, , , , , , , , , , ,

Challenge

b Copy and complete this list of multiples of 4 that are less than 40.

19 a Work out the HCF of 48 and 56.

b Write down three other pairs of numbers that have the same HCF
as your answer to part a.

c Write down the common multiples of 3 and 4 that are less than 40.
d Write down the lowest common multiple of 3 and 4

20 In this spider diagram, the four calculations give the answer in the
middle.
4 3 22

28
4

4, 8, 12, , , , , , ,

Q4c hint
Circle the numbers that are the same
in both lists. These are the common
multiples.

5 Find the lowest common multiple of 6 and 10.

6 Work out these multiplications.
The rst one has been started for you.
372
a 372 28
28
b 461 39
uuu
Work out 372 8 in this row
6
c 729 13
uu 4 0
Work out 372 20 in this row

Q5 hint
Follow the same steps as Q4.

Add

Work out three possible sets of missing values.

7 a Copy and complete this list of the rst nine multiples of 24.

1 24 = 24
4 24 = u
7 24 = u

21 Here are some number cards.

1

3
1

a has the biggest possible answer

b has the smallest possible answer?

17

3 24 = 72
6 24 = u
9 24 = u

b Copy and complete this long division calculation to work out 912 24.

What number cards can you use so that

2

2 24 = 48
5 24 = u
8 24 = u

3u
_____

24 ) 9 1 2

72
1 9 2
1 9 2
0

3 24 = 72
u 24 = 192

Q7b hint
Use the 24 times-table you calculated
in part a to help you.

Unit 2 Number skills

18

Work out 690 15.

15 ) 6 9 0

Write out the first nine multiples of 15

first.

Shannon works out 622 12 like this.

51
_____
12 ) 622
60
22
12
10

3 Work out these calculations.

Q8 hint

_____

(12 5 = 60)

622 12 = 51 remainder 10
51 3 12 5 612

10

(replace + with )
(replace with +)

Work out these. Set out your work like Eleri.

a 4 + 2
b 10 5
d 9 10
e 8 7

12 Eleri sets out his multiplications and divisions with negative numbers
like this.

6 2
numbers: 6 2 = 12, +
16 4 numbers: 16 4 = 4,

answer: 12
+ answer: 4

b 8 3

c 4 5

d 8 2

e 30 6

f 12 4

29
38
+
6.4 5.1

Powers and roots

a 82 = 8 u = u

b 33 = 3 u u = u

c uu = 7 7 = u

d uu = 5 5 5 = u

e uu = 9 u = u

f uu = 2 u u = u

5 a Copy and complete these square roots.

_

___

___

4 = 2

9 = 3

16 = u

25 = u

36 = u

49 = u

64 = u

81 = u

___

___

___

___

____

729 = 9 81
___
____
729 = 9 81
=3u
=u
_________

Q5c hint

c 1764 = 36 49

______

____

d 2025 = 25 81

Round the bottom number.

8.7 9
Then round the top number to a
multiple of 9.

36

49

6 a Complete these cube roots.

3

__

8 = 2

____

64 =

______

125 =

________

1000 =
______

Q6a hint
3

______

__

______

8000 = 38 31000 =

uu=u

512 = 8 64
________
___
____
512 = 3 8 364
=2u
=u

____

3
Use this fact to work out 8000.

d 3375 = 27 125
45

uu=u

____

c 8000 = 8 1000

Q2b hint

___

Use this fact to work out 2025.

b Complete the workings to calculate 512 .

Use the fact that 512 = 8 64.

10

___

1764 = 36 49 =

Use this fact to work out 1764.

43 index
The index tells you how many 4s are
multiplied together.
43 = 4 4 4

b Use the number line to estimate a value for these square roots.
____
____
____
ii 18
i 45
iii 95
19

Start at 8, count back 7.

Q1 hint

2 a Copy and complete this number line.

5

__

27

1 Work out the missing numbers

___

b Complete the workings to calculate 729 .

Use the fact that 729 = 9 81.

Q13a hint

13 Estimate the answer to each calculation.

52
61
73
b
c 19.2
a
6.9
8.8
8.7

Q11e hint

Different signs negative answer

Same signs positive answer

a 7 4

Q11a hint

Q12a hint

Work out these. Set out your work like Eleri.

Work out 64 first. Then do the

multiplication. Finally the subtraction.

+49
3
45
f 3 ____ 52
125

Circle the two signs in the middle.

Replace different signs with .
Replace the same signs with +.

c 10 + 6
f 3 11

Q4d hint

3
d 8 64 12

10 Work out 449 14.

11 Eleri sets out his additions and subtractions with negative numbers
like this.

Work out multiplication or division

before addition or subtraction.

___

Remainder

Q4 hint

b 4 32 22
16
16
c 3 + 42 =
+uu=u+uu=u
2
u

622

She checks her answer using a bar model.

Use Shannons method to work out
967 15. Check your answer.

Work out numbers with an index

before multiplication or division.

b 32 6
42
c
2
250
d
53
4 Work out these calculations.
Parts a and c have been started for you.
a 13 + 33 = 13 + 3 u u u = u

(12 1 = 12)

7 + 4 = 7 4 = 3
9 6 = 9 + 6 = 15

Q3a hint

a 5 23 = 5 u u u = u

____

3
Use this fact to work out 3375.

Unit 2 Number skills

20

Master
P1

Working with brackets

b
c
d
e
f

____________

_________

_____

b 52 9

23 + 26 = 49 =

Q2b hint

1 Problem-solving / Finance Carlos buys a new sofa that costs 984.

He pays a deposit of 300.
He then pays the remaining amount in 12 equal monthly instalments.
How much does Carlos pay each month?

Work out the calculation under the

square root first.

2 Work out
a 3587 17

Q3a hint

3 Problem-solving Andrea has 988 followers on Twitter.

Andrea has 26 times as many followers as Nicola.
How many fewer people follow Nicola than follow Andrea?

3 Work out these.

32 42
b
4

32 2 u
a
=
u
4+1
52 ____15
d
4

6 + 39
c
32

____

___

1 + 81
f 3_______________
1000

64 + 46

52

4 Write down the number that you square for each calculation.
a 2 32
b 22 3
c (2 3)2
d 42 (5 2)
e 4 (5 2)2
f 4 (5 22)
5 Match each calculation to the correct answer.
i 72 2
A 45
2
ii 7 2
B 75
iii (7 2)2
C 98
iv 32 (1 + 4)
D 15
v 3 (12 + 4)
E 28
vi 3 (1 + 4)2
F 81

Calculate the top and bottom of the

fraction first.

Q4c hint
The whole bracket is squared,
so 2 3 = u

Reflect

a
b
c
d

21

c 9017 17

A deposit is the amount you pay on

the day you buy an item.
An instalment is the amount you pay
on a regular basis, e.g. monthly.

d 1108 12

4 Problem-solving At the end of each month a restaurant owner shares

the tips equally between the members of staff. Any remainder is put
towards the tips for next month.
One month the tips are 856. There are 18 members of staff.
a How much does each member of staff receive?

Q4a hint

b How much is put towards next months tips?

Convert 856 to pence first.

23

33

42

43

52

6 Reasoning Which of these numbers do you think is bigger: 152 or 215?

Use your calculator to see if you are correct.
7 a Write down all the factors of
i 16

1 Here are some number cards.

b 7856 15

Q1 Literacy hint

5 Write these numbers in ascending order.

Enrichment
3

Extend your understanding with problem-solving.

Work out the brackets first, then

multiply by 5.

2 Work out these. The rst one has been started for you.
_____

Test
P26

EXTEND

You will:
Q1e hint

(18 3 5)3
23 + (4 + 1)3
2
11
(12 3)
__
5 (9 + 7)
____
7 (8 25)2

a 23 + 26

Strengthen
P18

2 Extend

1 Work out these. The rst one has been started for you.
a (6 3 10)2

6 3 10 = u
u1=u
u2 = u

Check
P16

Q1 hint

11

Find two numbers that sum to 7.

Find two other numbers that sum to 7.
The product of two numbers is 18. Which two numbers could they be?
Write a calculation using any of the numbers to make the largest
possible answer.

2 Reflect Write down ve different ways you used your multiplication

and division skills in these Strengthen lessons.
Your rst two might be:
When dividing a negative number by a negative number, I divided the
numbers and then wrote an answer which was positive.
When squaring a number, I multiplied it by itself.

Adding numbers gives the sum.

Multiplying numbers gives the
product.

ii 40

iii 56

b Write down the HCF of 16, 40 and 56.

8 a Write down of the rst 10 multiples of
i 3

ii 4

iii 6

b Write down the LCM of 3, 4 and 6.

9 Problem-solving Sophie and Will start swimming at the same time
from the same end of a swimming pool.
It takes Sophie 40 seconds to swim one length of the pool.
It takes Will 30 seconds to swim one length of the pool.
After how many seconds will they meet for the rst time at the same
end of the pool?

Q9 Strategy hint
Draw a diagram to help. Make sure
they are meeting at the same end of
the pool.

10 Problem-solving / Reasoning The answer to a calculation is 12.

Write four different calculations that each give an answer of 12.
Use each sign +, , , at least once.
Unit 2 Number skills

22

11 Problem-solving

26

17 Work out
a (4)2

Here are some number cards.

22

25

a i Which two cards could you use to make this calculation correct?

2

ii Is the cube of a negative number always positive or negative?

b i Copy and complete
(2)4 = 2 2 2 2 = u

(3)4 = u u u u = u
(4)4 = u u u u = u
(5)4 = u u u u = u
ii Explain why a negative number raised to the power of 4 will
always give a positive answer.

Q13 hint

14 Problem-solving Square A has a side length of 6.5 cm.

Square B has a perimeter of 25.6 cm.
Square C has an area of 47 cm2.
a Which square has the smaller perimeter?
b Which square has the greater area?
15 STEM Jenson works out the time it takes
a car to cover different
____________
2 distance
distances. He uses the rule time = ___________________
acceleration
Time is measured in seconds. Distance is measured in metres.
Acceleration is measured in metres per second per second.
a Work out the time taken when

The perimeter is the distance around

the edge of the square.

Q15a hint

______________

time = (2 50) 4

iv 8?

a 15 (8)2

b 24 (6)3

c 4 (15)2

d (12)5 3

e (9)4 6

f (7)3 2

20 a Estimate the answer to each calculation.

i 12 2.82

ii 4.12 + 5.2 9.8

____

____

v 6.7 7.9 50

Q20a iv hint

iii 8.22 5.12

____

vi

83
____

Round 18 to the nearest square

number, so it is easy to find the
square root.

21 a Copy and complete this number line.

ii distance = 300, acceleration = 10

16 Give both possible answers to each calculation.

The rst one is done for you.

____________

2
3

3
3

4
3

Q21b hint

b Use the number line to estimate a value for these cube roots.

b 21 + 28

_______

________________

3
i 20

c 6 5 14
______________________
d 7 6 3 11

Topic links: Area and perimeter, Range, Mean

iii 7

Is (1)5 positive or negative?

b Use a calculator to work out the accurate answers to the

calculations in part a.
Were your estimates close to the accurate answers?

i distance = 120, acceleration = 6

23

ii 6

iv 18 22

iii distance = 90 and acceleration = 5

b Estimate the time taken when

_____

i 5

Q18c hint

19 Reasoning Is the answer to each question positive or negative?

Explain how you know. You dont need to write the nal answers.

ii distance = 400 and acceleration = 8

= 25
= 5 or 5

c Will the answer be positive or negative when a negative number is

raised to the power
Discussion How can you tell by looking at the power and the base
number whether the answer will be positive or negative?

i distance = 50 and acceleration = 4

__

Q18 Literacy hint

The base number is the number that
is being raised to a power. In 23 , 2 is
the base, 3 is the index or power.

(1)4 = 1 1 1 1 = u

13 Problem-solving The area of a square is 70 cm2.

Estimate the perimeter of the square.

____

h (9)2 (2 4)2

(5)3 = u u u = u

12 Problem-solving / Reasoning The area of a square is 28 cm2.

Lamar says, I think the side length of the square is about 4.8 cm.
Without working out the side length, explain how you know there is a better
estimate.

= 31 6

g 12 + (12 19)2

(4)2 = 4 4 = u

(4)3 = u u u = u

ii the smallest possible answer?

________________

f 40 (5)2

(3)3 = u u u = u

i the greatest possible answer

a 31 2 3

e (3)2 + 3 7

(2)3 = 2 2 2 = u

 1

d (2 11 4 8)2

Q17 hint

(1)3 = 1 1 1 = 1

ii Which other two cards could you use to make the calculation correct?
c Which cards could you use in this calculation to give you

c (4 2 5)2

18 a i Copy and complete.

ii Which other two cards could you use to make the calculation correct?
b i Which two cards could you use to make this calculation correct?

b (3 5)2

_______

3
ii 30

_______

3
iii 90

Draw the number line on squared

paper.

c Use a calculator to work out the accurate cube roots of the

numbers in part b.
How close were your estimates to the accurate answers?
Subject links: Science (Q15, Q27)

Unit 2 Number skills

24

Check
P16

Master
P1

22 Work out
a (2)3 + 10
d (4)3 8

b 30 + (3)3
e 23 + (2)3

_______

_______

i 3u = 2

ii 3u = 3

b Work out

_______

3
i 12 + 8

_______

_______

3
ii 5 27

3
iii 26 64

3
iv 125 5

Which number has a cube root of 2?

What about 2?

a Work out the mean of the numbers.

1 Look at this list of numbers.

1 2 3 5 8 13
Which of the numbers are
a cube numbers
b prime numbers?

b Work out the range of the numbers.

2 What is the highest common factor of 12 and 16?

24 Here are four number cards.

72 1 15

6 3 ( 27 1 22)

20 2 (4 1 64)

62 2 44

3 What is the lowest common multiple of 12 and 15?

25 Problem-solving The sum of these two numbers is 8.

32 1
52

45 2 81
233

Work out the missing number.

Q25 hint

4 Work out 347 82.

Work out the number on the right

first.

5 A lottery win of 992 is shared equally between 16 people.

How much does each person win?
6 Work out
a 890 16

26 Reasoning Kai and Bo work out 10 (3)2 and 10 32.

Kai says I get the same answer for both.
Bo says I get different answers.
Who is correct? Copy and complete this sentence to explain.

b 6911 22

7 Match each calculation with the correct answer.

______ is correct because _______

27 STEM / Reasoning The energy of an object is related to its mass
and velocity (speed).
Jenny is working out the energy of different roller coaster cars.
mass velocity2
She uses the rule energy =
2
a Work out the energy for each car.
Roller coaster car

Q27 hint
energy =

450 20
=u
2

62

125

43

36

52

81

53

64

92

25

8 Work out

Mass (kg)

450

625

450

a 9 + 5

b 8 12

c 9 + 12

Velocity (m/s)

20

38

40

e 22 + 8

f 8 9

g 1 1

Energy (Joules)

b Car C has the same mass as Car A. Its velocity is twice as fast.
Does it have twice as much energy?

Reflect

Log how you did on your

Student Progression Chart.

Q23a i hint

_______

iii 3u = 4

_______

TEST

Extend
P22

2 Unit test

c 2 (5)3
f 33 (3)3

23 a Write down the missing numbers.

Strengthen
P18

28 Reflect In these Extend lessons you used brackets for different

calculations.
Which questions wouldnt have made sense without brackets?
Write a calculation that needs brackets for it to make sense.
Now write a calculation that doesnt need brackets.
Use a calculator and swap with a partner to make sure.

____

d 9 + 2

9 Work out an estimate to 8.

10 Work out

____________

a (12 8)2

b 90 26

c 32 (25 + 1)

d 62 + (10 5)2

____

____

11 Write down both answers to 100.

12 Work out
a 4 33

b 2 22 23

103
4

500
53

13 Here are four calculation cards.

2

A 2 3 7 2 11

100 1 3 3 21
64

C 12 3

27 1 50

D 3 3 71 4

Work out the value of the calculation on each card.

25

Unit 2 Number skills

26

14 Work out the missing numbers in each of these.

a 5 2 = u

b 8 6 = u

c 3 u = 12

d u 9 = 27

15 Estimate the answer to each of these calculations.

a 21 39 + 19 13
16 Work out
a 2 (12)2

_______

13
4.3

b 89 7.8 3.2

c 48.6 +

b (5)3 4

c (2)4 8

3
17 Work out 8.

18

576 = 4 9 16

_____

Use the fact above to work out 3576.

19 216 = 8 27
_______
Use the fact above to work out 3216.
20 Work out
4 + 62
a
5
21 Work out
a 32 4

_______

64

____________

1000 + 40

33 3
b
22

c 32 1

b 3 42

c (3 4)2

d 32 42

52

Challenge
22 Copy this secret code box.
E
18 15 25 13 24 16

20 12 19

24 15 15 14 16

Work out the answer to each calculation below.

Then use your answers to fill in the letters in the code box and find the
secret message.
The first one is done for you.
5 5 + 3 = 5 + 5 + 3 = 13, so E = 13
3

E 5 5 + 3

D 6 81 35

T 5 8 + 4

A 6 3 + 38

S 52 32

P 3 7 3

25
W
100

27

10
2

N 2 (9 3)

R (32 3)2 3 4

What is the secret message?

Reflect

23 Write your own secret code questions and code box.

27

24 Reflect In this Unit you have mostly done calculations involving:

negative numbers
powers
roots
factors
estimation.
Which type of calculation did you find easiest? What made it easy?
Which type of calculation did you find hardest? What made it hard?
Write a hint, in your own words, for the type of calculation you found
hardest.

Q24 hint
Look back through the Unit to remind
yourself of each type of calculation.