Scribd
Upload
213 views10 pages

CE5215-Theory and Applications of Cement Composites

This document discusses stress-strain relations in materials. It defines homogeneous and isotropic materials as having uniform properties throughout and in every direction respectively. Orthotropic materials have different properties in 3 perpendicular planes, while anisotropic materials have no symmetry and different properties in all directions. Normal stress causes extension and contraction, while shear stress causes only shear deformation in isotropic materials. Orthotropic materials behave similarly under normal stress along principal axes but shear modulus is independent of other properties. Anisotropic materials exhibit coupling between normal and shear stresses and strains.

Uploaded by

SivaramakrishnaNalluri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
213 views10 pages

CE5215-Theory and Applications of Cement Composites

This document discusses stress-strain relations in materials. It defines homogeneous and isotropic materials as having uniform properties throughout and in every direction respectively. Orthotropic materials have different properties in 3 perpendicular planes, while anisotropic materials have no symmetry and different properties in all directions. Normal stress causes extension and contraction, while shear stress causes only shear deformation in isotropic materials. Orthotropic materials behave similarly under normal stress along principal axes but shear modulus is independent of other properties. Anisotropic materials exhibit coupling between normal and shear stresses and strains.

Uploaded by

SivaramakrishnaNalluri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

CE5215-Theory and Applications

of Cement Composites
Dr. T. P. Tezeswi
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Civil Engineering
NIT-Warangal
Email: tezeswi@nitw.ac.in

Chapter - 2
Stress-Strain Relations

Overview
Orthotropic and anisotropic materials
Engineering constants for orthotropic materials
restrictions on elastic constants
plane stress problem

Homogeneity and Isotropy in Materials


Most common engineering materials can be assumed to be
homogeneous and isotropic
Homogeneous material:
Uniform properties through out the body
Properties are independent of position in the body

Isotropic material:
Same properties in every direction at a point in the body
Properties are independent of orientation in the body

Inhomogeneous material:
Non uniform properties over the body
Properties depend on position in the body
Can be isotropic or anisotropic

Homogeneity and Isotropy in Materials


Orthotropic:
Different material properties in 3 mutually perpendicular directions at
a point in the body
3 mutually perpendicular planes of material property symmetry
Properties depend on orientation at a point in the body

Anisotropic: (General case)


Material properties are different in all directions at a point in the body
No planes of material property symmetry exist
Properties depend on orientation at a point in the body

Composite materials are often both inhomogeneous (or


heterogeneous) and non-isotropic (orthotropic or more
generally, anisotropic)

Mechanical Behavior Of Various Materials


Normal Stress Applied

Shearing Stress Applied

Mechanical Behavior Of Various Materials


Normal Stress Applied

Shearing Stress Applied

Mechanical Behavior Of Various Materials


Isotropic materials
Normal stress causes extension along direction of stress and
contraction in the perpendicular direction, but no shearing
deformation
Shear stress causes only shear deformation, but no
extension/contraction in any direction
Only 2 material properties (E, Poisson's ratio) required to quantify
deformations
Shear modulus (G) can be used as alternative to one of the above

Mechanical Behavior Of Various Materials


Orthotropic materials
Different Youngs Moduli (E) exist along different principal directions
(E1,E2,E3). Different Poissons ratios are associated with different pairs
of principal material directions (12, 13, 23).
Application of Normal stress in a principal material direction causes
extension along direction of stress and contraction in the
perpendicular direction, as in isotropic materials
Shear stress causes shear deformation, but magnitude of deformation
is independent of the various Es and Poissons ratios. G is not
dependent on the other material properties.
Atleast 5 material properties (E1,E2,E3,G12, Poissons Ratio) required to
quantify deformations

Mechanical Behavior Of Various Materials


Anisotropic materials
Application of Normal stress not only causes extension along direction
of stress and contraction in the perpendicular direction, but also
shearing deformation.
Application of Shear stress causes shear deformation, as well as
extension and contraction
Shear-Extension coupling: Coupling between both loading and both
deformation modes. Also seen in orthotropic materials subjected to
normal stress in a non-principal material direction.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy