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SLAP 29 Perforating For Shales

This document discusses perforating techniques for shale reservoirs. It describes horizontal multi-stage perforating using pump down services to efficiently deploy perforating guns and plugs across multiple stages. The objective of perforating is to create a conduit between the wellbore and reservoir by selecting the appropriate gun size, shaped charge type, shot density, phasing, and perforation interval. Studies show that using perforation phasing and frac-optimized perforating charges can increase injection rates by up to 27% and lower treating pressures by 500-1,000 psi. Properly designed perforating also improves stimulation treatment success and reduces required fluid volumes.

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107 views20 pages

SLAP 29 Perforating For Shales

This document discusses perforating techniques for shale reservoirs. It describes horizontal multi-stage perforating using pump down services to efficiently deploy perforating guns and plugs across multiple stages. The objective of perforating is to create a conduit between the wellbore and reservoir by selecting the appropriate gun size, shaped charge type, shot density, phasing, and perforation interval. Studies show that using perforation phasing and frac-optimized perforating charges can increase injection rates by up to 27% and lower treating pressures by 500-1,000 psi. Properly designed perforating also improves stimulation treatment success and reduces required fluid volumes.

Uploaded by

jc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Perforating for Shales

Bogota
Julio Lozada
Technical Advisor- TCP Ecuador
Mayo 2013

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Multi-Stage Multi-Well Completion

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Estimated 187 Trillion m (Energy Information Administration 2011)

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Land Drilling Activity by Type

From Spears & Associates, Inc

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Horizontal Multi-Stage Perforating


 Pump Down Services (PDS) offers quick, efficient and
cost effective deployment of multi-gun/plug runs for
multiple stage completions
 PDS is a common deployment method used in horizontal
unconventional wells primarily for guns and plugs but
also for other e-line services (pipe recovery, logging, etc)
 Efficient PDS now allow up to 5 stages per 24 hour day
 A typical single E-Line stage consists of
Multiple guns (3 foot - 6 spf carriers) ((Selective
Perforating))
Explosive setting tool
Composite plug
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Horizontal Multi-Stage Perforating- Pump Down Service


Most PDS completions are perforated in a
geometrical spacing

T
C
P
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Perforating Objective

 Create a conduit between the


wellbore and reservoir
 Choices to be made:
Size of gun and charge
Type of shaped charge
Shot density and phasing
Perforation interval

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Perforating for Stimulation

 Interval
Stage Length
Perforation Spacing
 Orientation
Phasing
 Charge Selection
DP, GH or FRAC

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Perforation Phasing
 Perforation phasing
reduces near wellbore
tortuosity. (SPE 24823 &
39453)

 Run in conjunction with


FRAC charges, a
measurable
improvement in
stimulation treatments is
observed. (SPE 159085)

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Perforation Phasing Test

From Oriented Perforations A Rock Mechanics View SPE 28555

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What role do perforations play?

Unless a perforating gun is


centralized, the perforation
casing hole diameters are a
function of gun phasing. This
means that the injection rate
is different for different
perforation diameters.
SPE 39453

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Frac Charge

Why hole size matters

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Studies demonstrate a difference.

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Frac Charge Results


Charge B

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Charge Designed for Frac

Comparison of 24 different stages:


Increased injection rate by 27%
Lowered treating pressures 500-1,000psi

Additional Efficiencies
TABLE 4COMPARISON OF STAGE #5, FIELD TRIAL 2.
Old Charge

New Frac Charge

Clusters

Holes

57

48

Time to Rate

Rate

65

60

Pressure

2,212

2,175

ISIP

1,004

1,013

TABLE 5COMPARISON OF STAGE #8, FIELD TRIAL 3.


Clusters
Holes
Time to Rate
Rate
Pressure
ISIP

Old Charge
6
58
4
65
1,812
719

New Frac Charge


6
52
2
65
1,800
745

TABLE 6COMPARISON OF STAGE #6, FIELD TRIAL 4.


Old Charge

New Frac Charge

Clusters

Holes

52

52

Time to Rate
Rate

5
60

3
65

1,952

2,075

507

611

Pressure
ISIP

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Fewer holes
More rate per perforation

Faster time to rate

More rate
Faster time to rate

Offset Well (Identical Completion & Pump Schedule)

Comparison of13 different stages:


Improved treatment success to 100% - previously
experienced early screenouts 30% of time
Decreased fluid volume to obtain designed rate

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13 Stage Comparison

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Comparison of13 different stages:


Improved treatment success to 100% - previously
experienced early screenouts 30% of time
Decreased fluid volume to obtain designed rate

Studies demonstrate a difference.

Comparison of 24 different stages:


Increased injection rate by 27%
Lowered treating pressures 500-1,000psi

SLAP-29

Comparison of 13 different stages:


Improved treatment success to 100% - previously
experienced early screenouts 30% of time
Decreased fluid volume to obtain designed rate

Studies demonstrate a difference.

Comparison of 25 different stages:


Lower treating pressures
Greater injection rates

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THANK YOU

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